上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--商务类(4篇)

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上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--科普类(上)(3篇)(T)

2016-2017学年高三一模二模科普及体育类完型填空专项训练2017浦东新区一模完形填空III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species－defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then ___41___ －runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand, hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads(蔗蟾蜍) and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial(无争议的) are nevertheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to ___42___ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort －for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very ___43___. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. ___44___, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) ___45___ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always ___46___ biological diversity(多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise ___47___ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also ___48___. Elimination campaigns tend to be ___49___ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature －to return woods and lakes to the statebefore human ___50___. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing(杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming ___51___ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) ___52___ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly ___53___ and should be fought: the Nile perch －a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to ___54___ pathogens(病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no space to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden ___55___. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable44. A. As a result B. For example C. By contrast D. In fact45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted50. A. civilization B. interference C. interaction D. maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced53. A. damaging B. flexible C. doubtful D. outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down55. A. agriculture B. vegetation C. atmosphere D. nature答案：ABCDC ABCAB BCACD较难词汇：1. invasive: 侵略性的攻击性的2. practical: 实际的实用性的3. vigorous:有力的精力充沛的4. drive....to extinction: 逼迫....灭绝5. restore: 恢复修复归还6. multiply: 成倍增加繁殖7. eliminate:消除排除8. invalid:无效的残废的9. fuel: 供以燃料刺激2017二模长宁区完形填空fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S Voice, and Google Now. But, man,translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory.” We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold feminine turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally inane answers to our requests.biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greaterhuman-computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of bothresponded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across assubconsciously neutral.perceive female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices asbe the boss of it, so we are more likely to opt for a female interface（接口程序）.customers with a woman’s voice. But not just any voice. It has to (50)________ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its (51)________ of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino’s Pizza app, which has an assis tant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher—educated and helpful but not (52)________. That’s about right for a brand attempting to (53)________guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already let you (54)________ a voice interface. Homer Simpson ,a famous cartoon character,can tell you where to take a left on your GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to (55)________. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She’ll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful—and female—tone.41. A. robotic B.high-tech C. genderless D. creative42. A. Culturally B.Obviously C. Grammatically D.Undoubtedly43. A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D.reasonable44. A. charm B. professors C. speech D. participants45. A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A.In practice B.On the contrary C.By this means D.At first47. A.neutrality B.prejudice C. authority D.conscience48. A.interaction B.technology C.personality D.society49. A.more sociable B.more talented C.broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B.develop C.admire D. suit51. A.market B. business C. research D. library52. A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A.appeal to B.look into C.meet with D.run after54. A.build B.tailor C. play D. improve55. A.repeat B.assist C. reprogram municateKeys: 41-45 CAACD 46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABC2017二模奉贤区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figureinto a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have beenprogrammed to keep atalking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thingbrought-up person would do.It will be possible tohuman values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficientsome kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would beto programsituation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send outbeeps, and ask forsomebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and howan answer, robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with41-45 A D B D A 46-50 A C D A C 51-55 D C B B D较难词汇sufficient adj.足够的，充足的noticeable adj.显而易见的，明显的;引人注目的，令人瞩目的;显著的，重要的;可以察觉的prospectv. 勘探n. 可能性，预期；(加s)前景subjectn.主题，话题;学科，科目;[哲]主观adj.须服从…的;（在君主等）统治下的v.提供，提出;使…隶属be subject to 受支配；从属于；常遭受pick out 挑出；分辨出look into调查…。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语二模汇编----语法填空-老师版(已经校对)

One【2072虹口区】Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.Loss of Biodiversity (生物多样性) Affects Human Society If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels (21) ______ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies (22) ______ they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels.If species go on disappearing, this can disturb many vital processes (23) ______ crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste.A framework which defines the environmental limits within (24) ______ humans can really operate -- called planetary boundaries -- says (25) ______ (lose) more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk.Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered as a good measure of safety.A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface (26) ______ (reduce) below this level already.These areas house 71% of the global population.Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, is one of the authors of the study.He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, (27) ______ doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) ______ things will go badly wrong.”The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average.Purvis hopes this report (29) ______ become a wake-up call to thosewho design policies.Here’s his warning: “Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions (衰退), but an ecological recession could have even (30) ______ (bad) consequences –and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening.Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playing ecological roulette (轮盘赌).”Keys:21.considered 22.because / as / since 23.like 24.which 25.losing26.has been reduced 27.it 28.that 29.can 30.worseSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Should Children Ban Their Parents from Social Media?It might be taken for granted - but no previous generation of children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods intensively and publicly documented in this way.But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures __21__ (post) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world.Parents may not realize it, but by posting photos and videos of their children online, they are creating an identity for their children __22__ might not be welcomed.Lucy is a good example.She said she had asked her dad to de-tag her from “stuff that doesn’t necessarily represent __23__ I am now.That’s not something I’d want to remember every time I log on to Facebook…It isn’t the best memories, which is the way you’d like to reveal __24__ on social media.”Stories about online privacy are often about children and teenagers being warned of the dangers of publishing too much personal information online.But in this case it’s their parents who are in the spotlight.For some parents, __25__ (safe) option is avoiding social media altogether. Kasia Kurowska from Newcastle is expecting her first child in June and has agreed with her partner Lee to impose a blanket ban __26__ her children are old enough to make their own decisions about social media.But she has two big concerns about her plan.Firstly, it will be difficult __27__ (impose).“When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, we’re going to have to be like paparazzi police, saying, please don’t put these on Facebook.And secondly, thechild might dislike __28__ (not own) an online presence, especially if all of their friends do.But I __29__ (keep) a digital record of them.It just won’t have been shared on a platform __30__ the masses.”Keys:21.posted 22.that/which 23.who/that 24.yourself/yourselves 25.the safest26.until/before 27.to impose 28.not owning 29.will keep 30.forSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Over the past sixteen years of my life, I have grown to be a very independent person.This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things (21)________ my own, yet at times struggle with taking advice from others.Sometimes, hearing what other people have to say can be one of the hardest things to do.However, getting advice from (22)________ cares about you can impact your life in great ways.Because of this, I began realizing that my mom’s guidance throughout my life has never steered me wrong.This is why I believe you (23)________ always listen to your mother.This belief has not been easy (24)________ (realize).It has taken endless amounts of time in which I decided to go against what my mom had to say, and later discovered that she was right.I think we can all agree that (25)________ (admit) your mom was right is always a hard thing to do.But what else are you supposed to say (26)________ you are standing outside in the freezing cold, shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you (27)________ (tell) to wear?When I was twelve years old, I had the experience of a lifetime.However, I would have missed out if it hadn’t been for my mom.She had been planning a trip to Turkey for work, (28)________ (offer) to bring my sister and me along with her.When I first heard about this opportunity, I was terrified.Never had I been out of the country before.I thought to (29)________, “Is she crazy?”My mom then began to say, “(30)________ is known to all, one needs to step out of his comfort zone and try something new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas.”Aftergoing back and forth with my own thoughts, I decided to go on the trip.And boy, she was right.Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.Keys:21.on 22.whoever 23.should/must 24.to realize 25.admitting/to admit 26.when/while/if 27.were told/had been told 28.offering 29.myself 30.AsII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Surviving Art TraditionNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved onto totem（图腾）poles.Many people hold the belief (21) _____all Native American Indian tribes （部落）carve的totem poles, but this is far from the truth .Carving totem poles was a tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast (22)______forest grew.However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south west and the plains , and Indians , but (23)______(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.The height of totem poles can vary considerably .Long ago totem poles (24) _______(find) to stand around 12m tall .Today , Native American Indian artists continue to care trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25) _______is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe .A hole is dug for the pole to stand in .The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds of people attend.Ropes are used (26)________(raise) the pole into place.Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising .Often poles are raised in this way (27) ________the carving begins .Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false.Instead of (28) _______(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey the tribes’history .The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation .Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) _________(recognize) in our history .These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ _______ decay and rot.However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.Keys:21.that 22.where 23.fewer 24.were found 25.It26.to raise 27.before 28.acting 29.recognized 30.because ofII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it.A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed.Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them.A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor.Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer.Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support.String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune.Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ .But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know everynote of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding.Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.KEYS:21.until/before 22.to become 23.with 24.controlled 25.which26.are spared 27.them 28.facing 29.how 30.thatⅡ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankOne steamy July afternoon in central Arkansas, I was working on an important project in my home office.My trusty printer was busy producing an important report (21) ______ it simply stopped.After fifteen minutes of trying to repair, I decided to buy a new printer.Upon my return, my heart froze to see my house on fire.(22) ______ having spent much of my life writing, I was speechless when facing this situation.I was lost for adequate words (23) ______ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (24) ______ (collect) over a lifetime.But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after (25) ______ (rescue) from situations of ill-treatment and abandonment.Responding to an early security-system warning, the amazing firefighters arrived immediately, (26) ______ the chemical smoke had already caused deaths.I examined and kissed each cat goodbye, extremely grateful that they had passed gently, without injuries or burns.Only animal lovers really understand the unbelievable impact (27) ______ the loss of one beloved four-legged family member can have on your heart, mind and soul.The loss of so many dearly loved creatures sent me in great sorrow.After staying with a friend of mine for a couple of weeks, I was relocated to a furnished apartment.One evening, about a month after moving in, I (28) ______ (occupy) in writing amystery novel, and at that time a “meow”sounded from outside the apartment door.Was it my mind playing tricks again? More than once I had heard, seen or felt the brush of one of my departed furry roommates.The meow grew louder and more repetitive.Curious, I opened the door. Sitting on the doorstep was a kitten with a black coat and alert eyes.A neighbor (29) ______ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him.When I remarked how cute her kitten was, she explained that it had been born under a bridge and looked around for food.This kitty-loving neighbor was quick to offer an extra litter box if I was interested in giving him a home.My immediate reaction was: “that’s all I need!”without hesitation she put the cute kitten down.I thanked her and closed the door, determined to just let him stay (30) ______ a real home could be found.KEYS:21.when 22.Despite/Although 23.to describe 24.collected 25.being rescued 26.but 27.that/which 28.was occupied 29.Walking 30.untilII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Loving Life in MoosoneeBorn in Moose Factory Island, located about 12 miles inland from the James Bay coastline in northern Ontario, I spent my early childhood years in nearby Moose River Crossing.Our family returned to Moose Factory later, so my siblings（兄弟姐妹）and I could continue our education, （21）______ the local school had been closed down.Moose River Crossing is situated along the only railroad track in Canada that reaches all the way up to the northern community of Moosonee, Ont., which later（22）______ (become) — and still is — my true hometown.（23）______ my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)_________ fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.Over the years, I began to learn more（25）______ my Native culture, the history and our way of life.Then, in 2009, I met a man who later became my husband.（26）______(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat.Even after having lived in Moosonee for 26 years, I had never experienced and learned so much on the land and the mighty Moose River,（27）______ the sunsets are breathtakingly beautiful, as I did in the relatively short time I’ve known my husband.I am so thankful and proud（28）_____(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.Today, I continue to trace my roots and try to live my life according to them.I have also been back to Moose River Crossing after being away for many years.My older sister and only brother, both hunters, along with a few nephews and nieces, continue to carry on the traditions of our ancestors in Moose River Crossing.Every year, our family gathers for a spring hunt, mainly geese and ducks.In summertime, wego fishing and, in the fall, we head out hunting.In addition to (29)_______(add) to our foods for the year, these excursions are (30)________ our family stories and recollections are shared the most.And there are plenty of stories to go around, all of which are close to my heart and a big part of who I am today.KEYS:21as / because / since 22 became 23 While / When / As 24 something 25 about26.Being 27.Where 28.to be given 29.Adding 30.WhereII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The real reason you should never skip breakfastWe always hear that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and now new research has confirmed what we (21) _________ ( tell ) for years: skipping that morning meal is a very bad idea.New guidance released by the American Heart Association and(22) _________ ( support ) by British experts from the British Heart Foundation warns that skipping breakfast could raise your risk of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, the Daily Mail reports.The review, which was led by scientists from Columbia University in New York, also revealed that up to a third of adults didn’t have breakfast, (23) _________ snacking throughout the day instead ––resulting in health risks.After reviewing numerous studies, the team concluded that (24) _________ who ate regular, healthy breakfast every day were (25) _________ ( likely ) to overeat later on.As a result, their bodies had more time to burn off energy from food before bed.The team suggested we should all aim to eat between 15 and 25% of our daily energy intake early in the morning, which roughly (26) _________ ( equal ) 300-500 calories for a woman and 375-625 calories for a man.(27) _________ the team didn’t provide a sample breakfast, they suggested choosing meals that were high in vital nutrients, including fiber, calcium, potassium and vitamin D.Professor Marie-Pierre St-Onge, (28) _________ led the review panel, said: “Meal timing may affect health due to its impact on the body’s internal clock.We suggest that people eat mindfully, by paying attention to planning both what you eat and (29) _________ you eat meals and snacks, to combat emotional eating.Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (30) _________ ( eat ) too many calories fromfoods that have low nutritional value.”Lacking some inspiration for tomorrow morning? Check out our collection of fast and healthy breakfast ideas for a fool-proof start to the day.KEYS:21.have been told 22.supported 23.before 24.those 25.less likely 26.equal(l)ed 27.While/Though/Although 28.who 29.when 30.eatingII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.Infinium Robotics, the S ingapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations.Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way.The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends it back to the kitchen.The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food.Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ”Woon said.“If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.Keys:21.for 22.that 23.waiting 24.After 25.built26.that/which 27.can 28.much 29.do 30.has heardII.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wi ld vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline.If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.“Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,”the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human acti vities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years.It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife.The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world.The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups.They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others.''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment.For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970.This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dambuilding, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope.“One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,”said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London.“On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Keys:21.to blame 22.will have lost 23.that 24.carried 25.how 26.in 27.is used 28.which 29.In spite of 30.theySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s.When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached.I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her.It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now.I’m so sorry.I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry.And through her tears, she said: “You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know w/hat kind of reaction I might receive.All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh.Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on.When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me.Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Keys:21 .her 22 , shook 23, Should 24 returning 25.that26, what 27 .Not having done 28.to say 29 After 30.AsSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Whether in the workplace or the football field , effective teamwork can produce amazing results , However , _____21_______(work) successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem.Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically , it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise .There are a number of factors ____22___must be in place to make a good team.Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of good teamwork .The team’s leader should possess the skills ____23____(create) a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed.An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel ____24_____（value）Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team .Team members must be able to express their feelings , share ideas and see each other’s opinions.Conflicts will arise ____25____well a team functions together .The best/ way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts.Team members should be able to voice their concerns ____26_____fear of offending others.Instead of avoiding conflict issues , a practical approach that ____27____(settle) them quickly is much better .It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides。

2016~2017学年上海市宝山区英语高考一模卷(含听力、答案)

上海市宝山区2016学年度第一学期质量监控试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Life on an IslandWe live on the island of Hale. Ifs about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it’s joined to the mainland by a causeway (21)__________ (call) Stand—a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22)__________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we’re on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there’s a high tide and the water rises a half meter or so ab ove the road and nothing can pass (23)__________ the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island.We were on our way back (24)__________ the mainland. My old brother, Dominic, had just finished his first year at university in a tow n 150 km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now, Dad normally hates being disturbed when he (25)__________ (write) (which is just about all the time), and he also hates having to go anywhere, but despite the typical sighs and moans –why can’t he get a taxi? What’s wrong with the bus?—I could tell by the flash in the eyes that he was really looking forward to (26)__________ (see) Dominic.So, anyway, Dad and I had driven to the mainland and picked up Dominic from the station. He had been talking non-stop from the moment he’d got in the car. University this, university that, writers, books, parties, people, money…I didn’t like the way he spoke and waved his hands around (27)__________ __________he was some kind of scholar or something. It was embarrassing. It made me feel uncomfortable-that kind of discomfort you feel when someone you like, someone close to you, suddenly starts acting like a complete idiot. And I didn’t like the way he was ignoring me, either. For all the attention I was getting I (28)__________ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger in my own car.We were about halfway across when I saw a boy. My first thought was how odd it was (29)__________ (see) someone walking on the Stand. Y ou don’t often see people walking around here. As we drew (30)__________ (close), he became clearer. He was actually a young man rather than a boy. It’s hard to explain…Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these disciplines are widely ___1___ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school disciplines are being looked at; schools are ___2___ on subjects that have traditionally been isolated from each other –science, mathematics, add art –in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combining the arts with STEM activities, ___3___the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___4___ of the important unions between different skills is paving the way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed the ___5___ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy—___6___ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities to ___7___ the complexities and complicated layers that include content knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove that the integration of these seemingly ___8___ disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida ___9___ that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in a music appreciation class scored 42 points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability, and other problem-solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. In other words, ___10___, is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anxiety disorders –defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tension –are carefully considering, disabling, and can increase the risk for ___1___ and self-murder. They are some of the most common mentalhealth conditions around the world, ___2___ around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US$42 billion each year.People with anxiety are more likely to miss days from work and are less ___3___. Young people with anxiety are also less likely to enter school and complete it – leading to fewer life ___4___. Even though this evidence points to anxiety disorders as being important mental health issues, insufficient ___5___ is being given to them by researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.My team and I at the University of Cambridge wanted to find out who is most affected by anxiety disorders.To do this, we conducted a systematic ___6___ of studies that reported on the proportion of people with anxiety in a variety of contexts around the world, and used accurate methods to keep the highest quality studies.Our results showed women are almost twice as likely to ___7___ anxiety as men, and people living in Europe and North America are disproportionately affected.So why are women more ___8___?It could be because of differences in brain chemistry and hormone(荷尔蒙) variations. Reproductive across a woman’s life are ___9___ with hormonal changes, which have been linked to anxiety. The rise in oestrogen (雌激素) that occurs during pregnancy can ___10___ the risk for uncontrollable disorder.This is ___11___ by disturbing and repetitive thoughts, impulses and addictions that are upsetting and less effective. But in addition to biological mechanisms, women and men seem to experience and react to events in their life ___12___. Women tend to be more likely to stress, which can increase their anxiety. Also, when faced with stressful situations, women and men tend to use different coping ___13___. Women faced with life stressors are more likely to think about them seriously, which can increase their anxiety, ___14___ men engage more in active, problem-focused coping.Other studies suggest that women are more likely to ___15___ physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavior has been linked to the development of anxiety disorders.1. A. symptom B. depression C. misery D. frightening2.A, infecting B. stimulating C. capturing D. affecting3. A. productive B. progressive C. positive D. passive4. A. adventures B. insurances C. chances D. programs5. A. conclusion B. attention C. solution D. contribution6. A. ignorance B. outlook C. discovery D. review7. A. suffer from B. deal with C. fight against D. result from8. A. superior B. inferior C. probable D. enormous9. A. characterized B. confused C. performed D. offended10. A. equally B. similarly C. differently D. terribly11. A. shortcuts B. strategies C. standards D. samples12. A. because B. unless C. if D. while13. A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persist14. A. because B. unless C. if D. while15. A. experience B. respond C. ignore D. persistSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)It dawned on me recently that I am the only person in my family who doesn’t benefit from having a mother in the house.This was not only the case for me, but for a large number of fellow countrymen, including one friend who felt so bad one night that she got out of bed and cleaned her house in case the medical examiner had to come. (He didn’t.)“I want my mommy” indeed could be read throughout the cold, snowy descriptions of winter’s Facebook, where many middle-aged women are known to go for comfort.This translates as: “I want a constant supply of homemade soup without asking for it.”Also: “I want someone who can put her hand on my forehead and know within a degree what my temperature is.”More than anything, the desire for mommy translates into a longing for selfless constancy, for the all-knowing, all-knowing mother with a cold cloth in her hand, who never leaves the bedside except to go to the bathroom.The image of the mother nurse at the sick bed-think Gone With the Wind’s Melanie in the Civil War hospitals-is one of a perfect, warmhearted wisdom soldiers’ holy person and medicine woman, a la Joan of Arc, Mother Teresa and Pocahontas rolled into one. She is a supernatural being who knows, without the help of Google, when her patient should go to the doctor and when she should stay in bed, which illness needs a warm bath and which needs a warm shower…Now, to be fair: let me say that my good friend made soup for me-twice-while I was ill. My goddaughter, a nurse practitioner, texted every day, several times a day, from several states away. My husband often came home from work in the middle of the day to check on me. One night, which so happened to be an outdoor celebration , when I was at my most miserable and convinced it was time for the emergency room, my family gathered around me on the bed with red beans and rice．There’s nothing quite like a mother in situations like these. Literature knows it. History knows it. Evencurrent studies show that mothers are still 10 times more likely than their husbands to leave work to tend to sick children and five times more likely to take the sick child to the doctor, like a kid than a mother these days, continuously circling my sick bed, meowing for food while I suffer in a pile of cough drop wrappers.There is hope: I asked my primary care provider, who is a woman and a mother, at my office visit midway through my illness, if she would be my mommy.She threw her head back and laughed.56. What does the underlined word “She” refer to in Paragraph7?A. MelanieB. la Joan of ArcC. Mother TeresaD. Pocahontas57. We can conclude from the writer, Mother can possibly do the following Except________.A. Supplying homemade soup regularly without asking for it.B. Diagnosing whether her child runs a high fever with her hand.C. Offering her children a helping hand when necessary.D. Never leaving her husband’s bedside except going to the bathroom58. The writer mentions her friend, daughter and husband, which implies that________. .A. her daughter has much less experience than her husband in looking after patientsB. her husband comforted her much less than her daughter.C. though they looked after her well, they couldn’t replace the role of Mother.D. compared with literature, history and current studies, they have done better.59. As a whole, this passage suggests the writer________.A. misses her dead motherB. hopes to get comfort and care from her motherC. blames her mother for being outD. needs her mother’s help wit h housework(B)60. It can be concluded from the passage that the consultants intend to help graduatesA. figure out a qualified consultantB. work out the mismatchC. start out on their career pathD. make out future employers61. The following statements made by consultants are true Except________.A. Make sure your approach for information is positive in tone.B. Some information you are given may not give a complete picture.C. You should demonstrate determination to improve your job prospects.D. Keep your initial objective in mind when you are planning to change jobs.62. Who suggests that graduates should stay happy in spite of defeats among the following consultants?A . Alice B. Paul C. Rebecca D. Smith(C)From winning a complex war to developing a life-saving drug: there are so many things that can only be achieved if people work together in harmony. They can then achieve impressive performances that also benefit the individual. So, why do colleagues or others so often make things difficult for one another? Experimental research carried out by De Dreu has shown that greed and fear are the basic reasons determining problems with teamwork. “People are afraid that their contribution will mainly benefit those people who themselves contribute nothing. That’s why people hold back and invest in self-p rotection rather than cooperation.”De Dreu examined the strategies people use to maximize the benefits for themselves and to reduce the risk of being exploited. He conducts experiments where the participants can invest in self-protection or attacks on others, or they can choose to do nothing. When motivated by greed, people seem to invest mainly in self-protection and less in attacks on others. “Fear is almost always present as a brake on cooperation, but it’s more difficult to predict when greed will cro p up.” The puzzle is that fear among rival groups tends to result in people working better together. “It seems to happen almost automatically, often without it even being discussed.”As Professor of Employment and Organisation Psychology at the University of Amsterdam, De Dreu has conducted a lot of research on cooperation within organizations. In Leiden he intends to approach the subject at a higher level of abstraction. “We know a lot about what makes the best kind of leaders. Now I want to examine what o ur brain looks like when we are working together. I’m interested in that because cooperating with one another relies on very basic systems that we also use for other tasks, such as child-rearing.”He intends to use brain scans to look at which neurohormones (神经激素) play a role in cooperation, such as the “hug hormone (荷尔蒙)” oxytocin（催生素）. Is more oxytocin produced when people are working together successfully? And can you influence cooperation by administering an amount of this hormone? “This neurobiological approach has only really been used by psychologists in the past five years, and there are a lot of important research questions that have to be answered.”De Dreu draws attention to his multidisciplinary approach. He is. also interested in the effect of such “institutions” as religion and legislation because these have an obvious influence on our behavior. He will be working together with fellow scientists from other disciplines: sociologists, political scientists, legal specialists, religious experts and also biologists who will be examining the behavior of rats, for example.De Dreu doesn’t exclude the possibility that he will again be conducting some of his research in organizations. Until then he would welcome any managers would be willing to take part in his neurobiological research. “I would love it if a lot of managers were willing to have scans while making decisions about their companies. But then they’d have to come in their masses, and that’s not to easy to achieve.”63. What does the phrase “child-rearing” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. One of the basic systems that we work with one another.B. One of the tasks our human beings need to be finished.C. One of the questions that people have to be answered.D. One of the examples lies in people’s self-protection64. The experiments conducted by De Dreu imply the following statements Except________.A. Teamwork happens automatically if panic exists among rival groups.B. People will invest in self-protection when driven by greed.C. Some basic systems in our brain help us work with one another.D. More oxytocin is produced when people maximize the benefits for themselves.65. It can be inferred from the passage that De Dreu uses a wide variety of methods to research ________.A. what our brain looks likeB. why people don’t often cooperate in teamworkC. how religion and rules work well togetherD. how managers react in the scanner66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Experiments on. Different peopleB. Research on brain scans and role of religionC. Greed and fear restrict cooperationD. Hormone influences our behaviorSection CDirections:Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Your next nurse could be a robotDr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. (67)__________ Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of precise movements. The goal is not to remove human sk ill from the operating room, but to complement it with a robot’s particular skills and benefits.“As a roboticist, I am convinced that robotic (co)workers and collaborators will definitely change the work market, but they won’t steal job opportunities. (68)__________” De Momi explains.To conduct their experiment De Momi’s team photographed a human being conducting numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera captures were input into the neural network of the robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had initially performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.(69)__________These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired,” which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.Momi’s conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can cooperate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms.(70)__________ De Momi’s work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has the potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A good story encourages us to turn the next page and read more. We want to find out what happens next and what the main characters do and what they say to each other. We may feel excited, sad, afraid, angry or really happy. This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us ‘feel’ that we are part of the story, too. Just like in our ‘real’ lives, we might love or hate different characters in the story. Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them. Perhaps we have similar problems.Because of this natural sympathy for the characters, our brains process the reading of stories differently from the way we read factual information. Our brains don’t always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become ‘alive’ to us. What they say and do is therefore more meaningful. This is wh y the words and structures that relate a story’s events, descriptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.In fact, cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to relate to others and to our world was not only understood, but remembered too. (Notice that the word ‘history’ contains the word ‘story’ – this is not a coincidence)Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun, but memorable.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.顾客购物时总是注重品牌形象。

上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--商务类(4篇)

2016-2017学年高三一模二模商务类完型填空专项训练商务类杨浦一模议论文——探讨职业抑郁的主要精神原因及办法金山一模议论文——快速的商业决策带来的后果黄浦二模议论文——公司规模并不是越大越好浦东二模议论文（主要讨论在经济全球化的背景下，我们是否已经达到了贸易的顶峰？）2017年一模杨浦区完型填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Security guard, truck driver, salesperson – year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers.Although many factors can make a job __41__ – unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement – these threejobs __42__ for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under __43__. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then(“What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!”) o r “serious”　__44__ each conversation as either “small talk”　. They found that the second type is connected with happiness –the happiest(“Did they break up soon after?”）students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, __45__ only te percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don’t just consider small talk __46__ yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.Chatting with strangers could __47__ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those whochatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.Small talk can also help us feel connected to our __48__. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and__49__ spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of __50__ than those who rushedthrough the transaction（交易）. __51__, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat withgallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not __52__.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, peoplewho were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation __53__ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanwhile, needed no help __54__ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,”　the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive s ocial__55__.”　Therefore, go ahead –small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.41. A. rewarding B. depressing C. exhausting D. challenging42. A. stand out B. turn up C. give off D. put forward43. A. negotiation B. construction C. investigation D. examination44. A. divided B. entitled C. imposed D. cataloged45. A. figured out B. made up C. took over D. added to46. A. worthless B. essential C. boring D. ridiculous47. A. occupy B. satisfy C. brighten D. spoil48. A. emotions B. heart C. customers D. surroundings49. A. purposefully B. briefly C. continuously D. generally50. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. achievement51. A. Consequently B. Oppositely C. Unexpectedly D. Similarly52. A. approached B. attached C. addressed D. attended53. A. breaking B. pausing C. rolling D. stopping54. A. evolving B. substituting C. adapting D. transforming55. A. interaction B. standard C. impact D. involvementKeys:41-55 B A C D B A C D B C D A C D A重点词汇：overhear 无意中听到idle 闲置的；懒散的figure out 计算出；弄明白look over 检查；查看give off 发光；发热put forward 提出建议/意见worthless = valueless 不值钱的invaluable= priceless 无价之宝的2017一模金山区完形填空is quite popular in our business world. It makesA new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’　quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances mustbe seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gatherinformation within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a 48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. ExplorationKey: 41-45 CAABD 46-50 DDAAC 51-55 BDDBCin high spirits 兴高采烈dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定at the expense of 以…为代价take apart 拆开，剖析by that measure 根据那个标准brains n (pl.) 头脑；智囊2017年二模黄浦区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.essarily Considered BetterBeing Bigger isn’t NecThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the worl d’s leadingsupplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile andonline computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggresive__44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterp rise services contracts where we were running the backend of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability tofocus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spinservices, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it__47__ each of theHP Inc’s divisions to purs ue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC compwould have happened when it was part of the largerdecision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bnthat ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the samefirm. So it’scharacteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should findit easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and oftenovertaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the mainonline sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Ubcheaper, faster and more scalable andthose same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’sdelivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can beextremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKey：CADBC BABAD CDCAD较难词汇：declinev. 谢绝，婉言拒绝vi/n. 减少，下降；衰退splitvt.分裂;劈开,裂开n.划分;分歧;裂缝;劈叉adj.裂开的，劈开的，分离的，分裂的split sth into sth; split sth with sbhold back 阻止2017年二模浦东区完形填空III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defined as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’sbeen the most important ___41___ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as theglobal economy itself. ___42___, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it isdeveloping fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas,no —it’s actually ___43___.” Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data — e-commerce, web searches, onlinevideo, machine-to-machine interactions — has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is ___44___ to grow muchfaster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global an d national levels. But free trade can alsowiden the ___45___ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free tradehas made goods and services cheaper for Americans —think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods atWalmart —but it hasn’t always ___46___ their job prospects. From1990 to 2008, the areas most ___47___ toforeign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans track to be ___48___ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always ___49___ the losses. This realization that the tide of ___50___ doesnraise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are ___51___ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be ___52___ about the future of globalization —at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digitalgoods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. Anestimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business —___53___before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of thewealth generated by globalization could flow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t ___54 should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing thepolitical pendulum(钟摆) back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic forcethat has lifted more people out of ___55___ than anything else the world has ever known.41. A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42. A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43.A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44.A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45.A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46.A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47.A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48.A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49.A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50.A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51.A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52.A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53.A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54.A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55.A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentKeys：41—45 C D B A D46—50 B C D A C51—55 A C D C B词汇：depress vt. 使沮丧；使（经济）不景气approve v 批准；赞成project n 项目；工程；计划v 计划；放映，投射；突出track v 跟踪，追踪n 轨道，跑道，踪迹signal n 信号v （发信号）通知，表示welfare n 福利pension n 养老金退休金，抚恤金reverse v逆转，n 相反adj 相反的，颠倒的resistant adj 抵抗的，反抗的outweigh v 比…重要，比…有价值substitute v 代替n 代替者，代替品materialism n 唯物主义；物质主义withdraw vi 撤退，vt 撤回strive v 努力，奋斗consume v 消耗；吃喝；毁灭poverty n 贫困frustration n 挫折，失败。

2016-年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编+各区二模答案汇总

2016 年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编Researchers recently find w omen likely face work environments that push against the “having it all” mentality, leading to feelings of guilt and depression.Trying to have it all could be bad for your mental health, according to a new study that finds that “supermoms” have higher rates of depression compared with working moms who let things 51 .The research, presented Aug. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Las Vegas, finds that working is 52 for mothers’ mental health. But among working mothers, the least depressed are those who don’t expect to 53 work and family life perfectly, said study researcher Katrina Leupp, a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The ideal that women can do it all actually 54 the level of depressive symptoms compared to women who were more doubtful about whether or not work and family can be balanced,” Leupp told LiveScience.Leupp analyzed survey 55 from 1,600 married women who participated in a large survey called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In 1987, the women answered questions to judge their support of women’s 56 , including whether they agreed with statements such as “Women are much happier if they stay at home and take care of their children.” In 1992 and 1994, the now 40-year-old women answered questions about their symptoms of depression. Like earlier studies, the survey data indicated that women who worked outside the home had fewer symptoms of depression, perhaps because outside work gives women more 57 interaction, more varied activities and a larger income, Leupp said. Among the employed women, though, the cheeriest were those who had indicated in their younger years the least 58 for women balancing career and family. The results held even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. “Somewhat 59 , women who don’t expect to be able to balance work and family have better mental health than those who do,” Leupp said.The study didn’t explain why optimistic (乐观的) views of balancing work and motherhood would60 later depression. “The reason may come down to 61 and real-world work environments,” Leupp said. “Women who expect to have it all probably come up against 62 that aren’t designed with work-life balance in mind. When they can’t balance everything perfectly, these supermoms are more likely to feel 63 .”“I think this research really speaks to a 64 between women’s expectations and the actual structure of the workplace,” Leupp said.“The takeaway for working moms is to temper their optimism about balancing 65 and employment and not to blame themselves if they struggle. Recognize that if it feels difficult, it’s because it is difficult.”51. A. happen B. continue C. slide D. end52. A. good B. ready C. hard D. possible53. A. protect B. share C. illustrate D. combine54. A. increased B. assessed C. reached D. influenced55. A. questions B. responses C. solutions D. instruments56. A. pregnancy B. marriage C. employment D. education57. A. cultural B. social C. positive D. verbal58. A. support B. tolerance C. concern D. respect59. A. deliberately B. aggressively C. ironically D. similarly60. A. result from B. relate to C. hold back D. call for61. A. families B. expectations C. surroundings D. requirements62. A. clubs B. hospitals C. governments D. workplaces63. A. excited B. embarrassed C. thrilled D. frustrated64. A. mismatch B. mistreat C. misunderstanding D. misinterpretation65. A. aging B. training C. schooling D. parentingTwo Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explainedHarvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is thefirst library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all timesB. disciplineC. qualityD. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributedB. composesC. involvesD. includesB. differentC. secureD. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitionsB. formallyC. speciallyD. especiallyB. happensC. appearsD. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designingB. willingC. reluctantD. responsibleB. reservedC. storedD. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restrictedB. serviceC. activityD. responseB. creativeC. positiveD. enjoyableEducation plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must __51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52__ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building __53__. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54__ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55__ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot __56__ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57__ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58__ take ‘non-formal education’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59__ us to face life. True, educational __60__, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61__process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62__ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63__ certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving(剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata(阶层) of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64__ the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65__ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSince Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system w hich __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medi cations such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award 51 on one or both of the parents. In other 52 , such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of53 . In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent 54 that the re is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have 55 ; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has 56 that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, r esearch suggests that there are typically two different leadership 57 that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the 58 of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership t hat emphasizes the 59 wellb eing of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing 60 support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 61 group members who prevent accomplishment of the group’s goals. Express ive leaders cultivate a more 62 or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer 63 when someone experiences difficulties. And they try to 64 issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 65 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.51. A. burden B. leadership C. housework D. right52. A. families B. societies C. cases D. researches53. A. selection B. struggle C. recommendation D. register54. A. evidence B. support C. approach D. pattern55. A. in advance B. in brief C. in general D. in common56. A. partners B. achievements C. skills D. qualities57. A. selections B. roles C. challenges D. structures58. A. assignment B. introduction C. completion D. division59. A. joint B. financial C. social D. individual60. A. political B. administrative C. emotional D. technical61. A. discipline B. praise C. ignore D. identify62. A. casual B. temporary C. personal D. stable63. A. criticism B. sympathy C. estimate D. information64. A. omit B. confuse C. raise D. resolve65. A. imitation B. affection C. objection D. revengeThe survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 51 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 52 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There are many good things about 53 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 54 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 55 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 56 and often shares in that work.A child 57 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies --- rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 58 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the westernchildren. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions ofthe sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 59 , are provided with a watch as one of the 60 signs of growing up, so that they can 61 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 62 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓) . Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers", there is often a sense of 63 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 64 from ten floors up.65 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.51. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words52. A. by B. in C. to D. under53. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival54. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives55. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still56. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby57. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working58. A. and B. but C. or D. so59. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole60. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest61. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry62. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require63. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom64. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly65. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What'sFeeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out,may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette—donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteThere are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in morethan one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropria tely or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response.If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantA driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are。

上海市徐汇区2016-2017年高三英语一模试题----360度全方位解析(已经校对)

2016学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语一模试题2016.12 Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Please mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube 地铁in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve,means that (21) even though/if you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of other people, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated. 21题思路路线：means that后面的宾语从句出现两个句子：you’re packed....和the morning commute.....中间没有并列连词，说明一定是主从句，并且一定不是定语从句，从空格的位置可以看出来。

2016~2017学年上海市金山区英语高考一模卷(含听力、答案)

金山区2016学年第一学期期末质量调研高三英语试卷(满分：140分考试吋间：120分钟） 2016.12Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.A. At the airport.B. At the hotel.C. At the restaurant.D. At the railway station.A. On TV.B. On the Internet.C. From the newspaper.D. From a friend.A. Husband and wife.B. Policeman and driver.C. Passenger and bus conductor.D. Boss and secretary.A. At 1:00 pm.B. At 1:30 pm.C. At 2:00 pm.D. At 2:30 pm.A. She found it very interesting.She found it very boring.She found it enjoyable during the first 30 minutes.She found it enjoyable after the first 30 minutes.A. Make a recovery plan.B. Find a full-time job.C. Drop out of school.D. Resign from her present job.A. Shopping with his son.B. Promoting a new product.C. Buying a gift for a kid.D. Bargaining with a salesgirl.A. He is always late for work.He is having some financial problems.He is not careful enough with his work.He loses his temper easily.A. It is too hot in the room.She wants to avoid meeting people.She wants to smoke a cigarette outside.She doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.A. Everyone in the company likes Mr. Dale.Mr. Dale has become director of the department.Mr. Dale gets on very well with his colleague.Mr. Dale is the focus of people’s attention.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have ever heard.Questions 11 through13 are based on the following passage. n. A. Art history class is taught in the lecture hall.Mentally disabled children are taught outside the classroom.Professors teach through real world experiences.Students appreciate classroom learning.A. To praise the professor.B. To support his point of view.C. To praise his friend.D. To advise us to study psychology.A. Learning through firsthand experience is important.B. Students learn a lot from textbooks.Students develop their creativity through textbooks.Students get firsthand information from textbooks.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.A. Consumers find TV advertisements too dull.Consumers travel more now than ever before.Out-of-home ads are more beautifully made.Out-of-home ads are easier to understand.A. Quick to update.B. Pleasant to look at.C. Easy to remember.D. Convenient to obtain.A. Comparison of different kinds of advertising.New forms of effective advertising.The disadvantages of traditional advertising.Effective ways to do effective advertisements.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.A. Her story of completing a task.B. Her experience of being lost.C. Her trip abroad.D. Her success in career.A. Met his friends.B. Attended a lecture.C. Gave a performance.D. Had a trip.A. By following a man.B. By looking at a map.C. By asking an old woman.D. By asking the policeman for help.A. He cannot stand the noise in the bar.B. He has a poor memory.C. He doesn’t speak German.D. He doesn’t like to wear T-shirts.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) (practice) the language.(22)______ ________ ________I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23)(base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24)______extra-thick sleeping bag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove.As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25)______had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once. InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother's. My ticket (26)________ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27)_______(amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28)______businessmen to artists.In my mother's eyes I (29) _______not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) _______ (good) friends than we had before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. brakeB. victimsC. issuedD. confirmedE. paceF. typicallyG. multiple H. critically I. slippery J. canceled K. visibilityNINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31_____ dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32______ vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhe jinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33____- and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34______ . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35_____ died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36_____ injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37_____ an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38_____ would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39_____ at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40______ after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.III. ReadingComprehension Section BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41______ way to run a company. Here’re the main 42________ : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44_____ understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45_____ up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46______ for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That5s the 47______ on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a___48___ of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either ____49__ or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50______ too easily. Aims never seem to be clear.____51____ , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests ___52___ the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53____ go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54_____ some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of _55_____ ,but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.A. numerousB. clearC. dangerousD. brightA. pointsB. mattersC. solutionD. barriersA. responseB. rejectionC. acceptanceD. methodsA. rapidlyB. properlyC. timelyD. widelyA. arouseB. cultivateC. declineD. speedA. techniqueB. thirstC. passionD. needA. ideaB. thoughtC. doubtD. puzzleA. subjectB. aimC. projectD. discoveryA. decreasedB. changedC. increasedD. lengthenedA. madeB. acceptedC. dismissedD. discussedA. OtherwiseB. On the contraryC. For exampleD. ThereforeA. setting asideB. breaking outC. turning outD. taking apartA. questionsB. thoughtsC. eyesD. brainsA. cut upB. cut offC. turn downD. turn offA. expandingB. runningC. thoughtD. explorationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We do not stop playing because we are old; we ^row old because we stop playing. That’s what I learnt from my new and special friend. On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know.I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty- seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in college at such a young innocent age?” I asked jokingly. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she replied. After class we walked to the Students Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake there. We became instant friends.Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop.I was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends whenever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner. I’ll never forget what she taught us.“There is a huge difference between growing old er and growing up. Anybody can grow old. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets. ”She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌词）and live them out in our daijy life. At the year’s end, Rose finished the colleg e degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.56.What happened to the author on the first day of school?A. He joined the Student Union.B. He got to know an old professor.C. He made the acquaintance of an old lady.D. He had to share a milkshake with others.57,In the author’s eyes,_____________.A. Rose was silent and skilled.B. Rose was talented and hardworking.C. Rose was innocent and generous.D. Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring.58. Which saying might Rose possibly support?A. Rome was not built in a day.B. One is never too old to learn.C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.D. Great minds think alike.(B)59. All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT_________.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules60. The underlined phrase “subject to” is closest in meaning to_______A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on61. All the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT________.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs62. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.(C)Scientists have invented a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While the U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, out traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素).The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair is equivalent to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly equivalent to the movement of rain systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位），” Cerling said. “It’s good for eliminatin g many possibilities.”Told Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair. When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said, “But it narrows its way down for me.”63.What is the scientists’ new discovery?A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.C. A person s hair may reveal where they have lived.D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.64. What does the author mean by “You’re what yo u eat and drink.” in Para.3?A. Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C. Food and drink affect one’s personality development.D. Food and drink are similar to one’s existence.65. What is said about the rainfall in American’s West?A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.66.What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.D. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youneed.A. Men and women dream about different things.B. A person5s dreams and the meaning of those dreams are between the person and God alone.C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E. Dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freudwrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that(67)___________.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68)___________For exampre, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69)_________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70)_________The dream may have meaning, but it does notmean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语）as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habi t can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening butfeel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲）and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。

上海市2017届高三英语二模汇编-完型填空

——选词填空Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead: try it. She'll tell you she’s____41____. “Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S V oice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women? ____42____, we think of them as ladies too. In Old Norse(古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”. We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold female turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally silly answers to our requests.If we prize gender diversity(多样性) in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so____43____? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44____,” says Karl MacDorman, a professor at Indiana University who specializes in human computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they____45____. The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. ____46____, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.Why the____47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass wrote that people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want____48____ to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to choose a female interface(接口程序).This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a ____49____group of customers with a woman's voice. But not just any voice. It has to ____50____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its____51____of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino's Pizza app, which has an assistant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher--educated and helpful but not ____52____. That's about right for a brand attempting to ____53____ guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already letyou ____54____ a voice interface. For example. Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to____55____. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She'll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful--and female--tone.41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative42.A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly43.A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable44. A. charm B. professors C. speech D. participants45.A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit51. A. market B. business C. research D. library52.A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after54. A. educate B. customize C. leave D. answerA. buildB. tailorC. playD. improve(宝山区只有54题选项单词与长宁等3区不一样) 55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicate41-45 CAACD46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABCDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Good news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,” the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stone41-55 CADBC BADBA CDBADDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people, especially men, find it _______because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can _______ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.However, there is a ______side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with ________consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain _______, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like _______sports, and so do I, but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hitting41-45 BDACA 46-50 BDCAB 51-55CACADSection BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 ,as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance. Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53 risky. Apologies can be signalsfor admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy41-45 BDABA 46-50 CDCAB 51-55 CDBBDDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simplesign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restore41-45 BADAC46-50 BBCAC51-55 BDDBCFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Necessarily Considered BetterThe film, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age, that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy ____41____Its fortunes started to ____42_____with a series of expensive and much criticized purchase. By 2012 it had lost its position as the World ‘s leading supplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic ____43____was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggressive ______44_____.“ I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterprise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n)____45____set of objectives and business outcomes.I can already see the differences.” Ms Whitmannn, who now heads the new spin-off. Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already ___46____her performance. “One big change is it ____47____each of the divisions to pursue the strategy that is right for them. ____48_____, there is ‘no way ‘printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to by Samsung’s printing business for $1 bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not ____49___by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” MsWhitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s ____50_____HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems ____51____. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much small start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that ____52_____equals success is being challenged.____53______in 2014, eBay carved PayPal , the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says,” Whether Uber, Airbnb,those same lessons _____54____, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely ___55_____.41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D.threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesome41-45 CADBC BABAD CDCADFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life BalanceAs a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more 41 time.Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her 42 , she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more 43 are making.New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to 44 opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the 45 say there almost always is a main cause, either work-or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more 46 job offer.For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better 47 situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required 48 all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same 49 with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.”In the 50 to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when 51 possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their 52 lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of 53 , including salary, advancement and fulfillment.Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that 54 .Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs(手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make 55 and financial concessions (让步)for work-life balance.41. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment42. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution43. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents44. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for45. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort46. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly47. A. work B. living C. security D. education48. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing49. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule50. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability51. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically52. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern53. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners54. A. power B. support C. skill D. control55. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate41-45 CBDBA46-50 CADDA51-55 CBCDBFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be ____41____, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human ___42_____into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language. ____43____, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the ____44____children.” You would want that robot ____45_____with a good set of values.” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots havebeen programmed to keep a ___46____distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a ____47____brought-up person would do.It will be possible to ___48_____more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are ____49____.The biggest ____50_____with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’re produced a system that will ____51_____some kind of taboo （禁忌）. One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) ____52____situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps ,and ask for ___53_____from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in ____54_____, and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we ___55_____an answer , robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with41-45 ADBDA 46-50 ACDAC 51-55 DCBBDDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why College is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an ___41____period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult _____42____.In the past two decades, continued connections with and ___43____on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with housework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family toautonomy,universities have ____44_____to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college need to be a time of ___45____and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally._____46_____we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.____47_____ growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the ___48____world is equally important. Because a college community （群体）differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of ____49___. If students rely on administrations to ___50_____their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity,within a larger and complex community.______51___,the tendency for universities to monitor and __52_____student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定), the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize many actually be _____53___. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood from at times of national emergence. What is lacking today is the _____54____between desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their home to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth.But Every college discussion about community values,social climates and behavior should include ___55__of the development importance of students autonomy and self-regulation.41. A. expanded B. educational C. expected D. extended42. A. responsibilities B. abilities C. knowledge D. experience43. A. concentration B. dependence C. influence D. decision44. A. give up B. give away C. give in D. give out45. A. instruction B. exploration C. reflection D. preparation46. A. When B. While C. Since D. If47. A. Intellectual B. Spiritual C. Logical D. Psychological48. A. adult B. virtual C. real D. social49. A. satisfaction B. duty C. belonging D. curiosity50. A. understand B. train C. protect D. regulate51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. However52. A. change B. criticize C. shape D. motivate53. A. encouraged B. challenged C. agreed D. realized54. A. difference B. tension C. balance D. conflict55. A. observation B. recognition C. determination D. judgment41-45 DABCB 46-50 BADCD 51-55 BCADBDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the。

2017上海英语高考各区二模完型汇编及答案

2017上海二模各区完型汇编宝山区Surviving Art TraditionNative American Indians expressed themselves through their artwork, which is carved onto totem（图腾）poles. Many people hold the belief (21) __________all Native American Indian tribes （部落）carve的totem poles, but this is far from the truth . Carving totem poles was a tradition among many tribes , especially those that lived along the Pacific coast(22)____________forest grew. However , those Native American Indians who lived in the south west and the plains , and Indians , but (23)_________(few) trees to carve than Pacific tribes.The height of totem poles can vary considerably . Long ago totem poles (24)___________(find) to stand around 12m tall . Today , Native American Indian artists continue to care trees, but some totem poles are short and are used in homes as decoration .(25)_____________is not surprising that a genuine pole will cost more than $1500 per meter because traditionally carved totem involve a great deal of work , craftsmanship and time to produce.The raising of a totem pole is an important celebration among the India tribe . A hole is dug for the pole to stand in . The pole is carried to the site in a ceremony which other hundreds of people attend. Ropes are used (26)__________(raise) the pole into place. Singing and dancing to drums accompanies the pole raising . Often poles are raised in this way (27) ___________the carving begins . Carvers do their jobs then on the site.Many people believe that totem poles are religious symbols , but this idea is false. Instead of (28) __________(act) as religious symbols , carvings represent the tribal nation and convey the tribes’ history . The story of a totem pole is frequently passed down from generation to generation . Having the story documented this way helps keep this tradition (29) __________(recognize) in our history . These days , many totem poles no longer exist (30) _______ __________ decay and rot. However , there are still some tribes that continue to practice this ancient are form , and these totem poles are still being enjoyed by collections of tribal art.II. Grammar and Vocabulary21. that 22. where 23. fewer 24. were found 25. It26. to raise 27. before 28. acting 29. recognized 30. because of崇明区Delivering Food by DroneA Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each n i g h t 21 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 22 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.The drones automatically charge while 23 (wait) in the kitchen. 24 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 25 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声纳系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 26 sends it back to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 27 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 28 (much) food.“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks, ” Woon said. “If they let the robots 29 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 30 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.II. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。

上海高三英语模拟试题

上海高三英语模拟试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AWater covers nearly three-quarters of the earth’s surface, yet we know so little about our oceans. Consequently, myths and legends have grown up around the water world. Urban legends cling to the 1969 sinking of the 325-foot long freighter (货船), El Faro. It is claimed by some that the El Faro was found stranded on an island and that every member of the crew was dead. However, that is not the only myth. Some claim that at the very time that the ship sank, the captain of the ship was at the bottom of the sea. None of the El Faro was ever found. As for Polynesians (波利尼西亚人), they were journeying in the South-West Pacific in the 1980s. 72. Some myths and legends have grown up around __________. A. fish swimming in the oceans B. Polynesians journeying in the South-West Pacific C. the 325-foot long freighter El Faro D. urban legends related to the water worldKeys:72—751、C2、B3、A4、D75. What is supposed by some to have happened to the El Faro？BI had Peter's telephone number in my address book, but I had never phoned him. One day, I decided to phone him. I phoned his office and his secretary answered. I asked if I could speak to him. The secretary said, “I'm sorry, Mr. Halsel is speaking to someone now. Could you phone back at about 4:30?” I called his office at 4:30. Peter's secretary answered and said, “I'm sorry, Mr. Halsel has gone home. Shall I ask him to phone you in the morning?” “Yes, please,” I said. The next day, he phoned me, and we had a pleasant chat. 76. What did the author have concerning Peter？Keys:76—801、A2、B3、D4、C80. What was the result of the author's phoning Peter？【文章大意】文章主要谈论的是海洋及水域中存在的神话和传说，以及对这些神话产生影响的一些具体事件或者场景。

上海市奉贤区2016-2017学年第一学期高三英语期末学习质量调研测试试卷上海新世纪版

2016-2017学年调研测试高三英语试卷考生注意：1．本试卷分为第I卷(第1-13页)和第II卷(第14页)两部分。

全卷共14页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

2．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号（区统一编号，9位），并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置上正确涂写准考证号。

3．第I卷（1—16小题，25—80小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷中的17—24小题，第81-84小题和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上一律不给分。

第I卷（105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a reading room. B. At a bookstore.C. At a publishing house.D. In Prof. Jackson’s office.2. A. See a documentary. B. Watch television.C. Change the channel.D. Go to a movie.3. A. A size five and a half. B. A size six.C. A size seven.D. A size seven and a half.4. A. She can use his phone if she wants. B. There’s no charge for phone calls.C. His phone is out of order too.D. She can call him later.5. A. Am y didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B. Amy needs more training in making public speeches.C. The man didn’t think highly of Amy’s presentation.D The man can hardly understand Amy’s presentation.6. A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man hasn’t been to Austin before.C. The man doesn’t like Austin.D. The man has been to Austin before.7. A. Find a larger room. B. Sell the old table.C. Buy two bookshelves.D. Rearrange some furniture.8. A. The choice of courses. B. A day course.C. An evening course.D. Their work.9. A. It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B. It was not as easy as she had expected.C. It was as difficult as she had expected.D. It was interesting and easy to follow.10. A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice.C. She felt it took less time.D. She thought it was expensive.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Children who don’t like to go to school.B. Children who are slow in study.C. Children who watch too much television during the day.D. Children who spend part of each day alone.12. A. Tired. B. Frightened. C. Lonely. D. Free.13. A. Latchkey children enjoy having such a large amount of time alone.B. Latchkey children try to hide their feelings.C. Most parents don’t know the impact on the children when they leave them alone.D. Latchkey children often watch TV with their parents.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.You can increase your happiness levels by attending the class.B. Most of us are happier than our parents since we earn more.C. Earn more than you can if you want to be happy.D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Paker are examples of those who are extremely rich butobviously unhappy.15. A. Always think highly of yourself.B. Compare yourself to famous persons.C. Compare yourself to people who are inferior to you.D. Earn more than your bank account.16. A. Happiness is everything. B. Wealth is the foundation of happiness.C. Have fun at the Happiness Institute.D. Money doesn’t always mean happiness.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The large grassland, reaching out far away, seems extremely beautiful ______ the blue andclean skyA. amongB. betweenC. againstD. in26. How old you grow is a factor that you can influence, ______that is determined by yourlifestyle.A. whatB. oneC. somethingD. anything27. The more things a man is interested in, ______.A. the more he will have opportunities of happinessB. the more opportunities of happiness he will haveC. the more opportunities of happiness will he haveD. much more opportunities of happiness he will have28. I advise you to stay away from Maria. Although she is usually easy-going, she ______ be quiteannoying sometimes.A. canB. needC. mustD. should29. A study of ancient writings and evidence ______ that for the past 5000 years, cats have beenkept as pets.A. showB. showsC. showedD. had showed30. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ thathe could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized31. The young couple are trying to save as much money as possible ______ they can afford theflat by the end of this year.A. so thatB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case32. ______ global temperature rising, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun,Mexico last year.A. PreventedB. PreventingC. Having preventedD. To prevent33. —Mum, why do you keep staring at me? Have I done anything wrong?—You look stupid! The way you are dressed is ______ annoys me most.A. whichB. whereC. howD. what34. After graduation, he went on to do some of the most important scientific research ever ______.A. being carried outB. carried outC. to be carried outD. was carried out35. In our daily life, we often come across occasion ______ we have to tell white lies to avoidhurting others.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where36. They were ahead during the first half of the match, but they ______ in the last five minutes.A. were beatingB. were beatenC. beatD. had been beaten37. If things are left ______ they are, the problems will never be settled, I’m afraid.A. howB. asC. whereD. what38. It has been proved that ______ vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against seriousillness in later life.A. eatB. to be eatingC. eatenD. eating39. Was it in October, 2010, if I may ask, ______ the new Shanghai-Hangzhou Express Railwaywas put into use?A. whichB. whenC. thatD. how40. The most important thing we must consider before carrying out the plan is ______ it ispossible for us to carry it on.A. whenB. whyC. whetherD. thatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.According to the latest research in the United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to 41 . Professor Deb orah Tannen of Georgetown University, has noticed the difference in the style of boy’s and girl’s conversations from an early age. She says that little girls’ conversation is less 42 than boys’ and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to 43 status with their listeners.These differences continue into adult life, she says. In 44 conversations, men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in 45 amounts—although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, for woman, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy(亲切感). For men, private talking is a way to explore the power 46 of a relationship.Teaching is one job where the difference s between men’s and women’s ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing 47 and to encourage her student to join in.But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they 48 power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says, women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish arelationship.Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is preprogrammed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual tendency in its 49 , otherwise male speech patterns would not arise at all.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.We all laugh. We all hurt. We all make mistakes. We all dream, that’s life. It’s a journey. Please follow these rules to make the journey of your life a journey of joy!50 positive through the cold season could be your best 51 against getting ill, new study findings suggest.In an experiment that 52 healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a 53 sunny characteristic were less likely to 54 ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help 55 the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness increasing immune(免疫的) function and subjective as in happy people being less 56 by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune 57 to the virus,” explained the lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may 58 their illness as being less severe.”Cohen and his colleagues had found in a 59 study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional tendency itself had the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults with complete standard measures of personality tendency, health-consciousness and emotional “style”. Those who 60 be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, 61 those who were often unhappy, tense and unfriendly had a negative style. The researchers gave them drops through their noses 62 either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the 63 reported on any aches, pains, sneezing they had, while the researchers collected 64 data, like daily mucus(黏液) production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes(鼻部的不适), happy people were less likely to develop a cold.50. A. Living B. Staying C. Pulling D. Surviving51. A. safeguard B.opportunity C. caution D. defense52. A. excluded B. explored C. exposed D. escaped53. A. generally B. commonly C. frequently D. perfectly54. A. change B. fall C. turn D. remain55. A. keep B. avoid C. deny D. remove56. A. suffered B. troubled C. disturbed D. hinted57. A. function B. ability C. response D. action58. A. think B. relate C. interpret D. translate59. A. formal B. current C. previous D. precious60. A. tended to B. opposed to C. used to D. stuck to61. A. while B. however C. what’s more D. therefore62. A. implying B. matching C. containing D. occupying63. A. patients B. adults C. volunteers D. researchers64. A. objective B. impressive C. positive D. effectiveSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I needed to buy a digital camera, one that was simply good at taking good snaps (快照), maybe occasionally for magazines. Being the cautious type, I fancied a reliable brand. So I went on the net, spent 15 minutes reading product reviews on good websites, wrote down the names of three top recommendations and headed for my nearest big friendly camera store. There in the cupboard was one of the cameras on my list. And it was on special offer. Oh joy! I pointed at it and asked an assistant, “Can I have one of those?”He looked perturbed (不安). “Do you want to try it first?” he said. It didn’t quite sound like a question. “Do I need to?” I replied, “There is nothing wrong with it?” This made him look a bit insulted and I started to feel bad. “No, no. But you should try it, ” he said encouragingly. “Compare it with the others. ”I looked across at the others: shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall, offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts, with each company selling a range of models based around the same basic box. With so many models to choose from, it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y, always trying to take Z and possibly R into account at the same time. But when I had finished, I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with: first, soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop, it would be worth half what I paid for it; and second, my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.But something in the human soul whispers that you can beat these traps by making the right choice, the clever choice, the wise choice. In the end, I agreed to try the model I had chosen. The assistant seemed a sincere man. So I let him take out of my chosen camera from cupboard, show how it took excellent pictures of my fellow shoppers and when he started to introduce the special features, I interrupted to ask whether I needed to buy a carry-case and a memory card as well.Why do we think that new options(选择) still offer us anything new? Perhaps it is because they offer an opportunity to avoid facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine.65. The shop assistant insisted that the writer should ________.A. try the camera to see if there was anything wrong with it.B. compare the camera he had chosen with the others.C. get more information about different companies.D. trust him and stop asking questions.66. What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?A. He should get a 50% discount.B. The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C. The quality of the camera was not good.D. The camera would soon fall in value.67. The writer decided to try the model he had chosen because he ________.A. knew very little about itB. didn’t trust the shop assistantC. wanted to make sure the one he chose would be the bestD. had a special interest in taking pictures of his fellow shoppers68. It can be inferred from the passage that in the writer’s opinion, ________.A. people waste too much money on camerasB. cameras have become an important part of our daily lifeC. we don’t actually need so many choices when buying a productD. famous companies care more about profit than quality69. You can choose 12 months’ Airport Angel membership, if you________.A. deposit at least $60,000 within 90 days of account openingB. have qualified for the serviceC. deposit an equal amount of money within 90 daysD. open a Premier account on 30 April70. The advertisement is mainly aimed at________.A. people who want to do businessB. people who are over 34 years old and still singleC. people who have friends and relatives in foreign countriesD. people who have settled down abroad71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement?A. You must know the detailed information before opening an account.B. To make the best of your money, you are sure to open a premier account.C. To enjoy the service, you must surf the Internet.D. It is certain that you can deal with your banking in 24 hours.(C)On the west side of the island of Manhattan in New York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector of the Central African Republic’s Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, or recreated at, the American Museum of Natural History’s new hall of biodiversity(生物多样性). When the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the world’s biggest and most accurate reproductions of one of nature’s most threatened creations.To bring the rainforest to New York, a team of nearly two dozen scientists—the largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibit—spent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documenting species; studying trees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. “This area has been explored very little”, says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundreds of butterflies, and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. The exhibition may even have produced a special prize—scientists suspect they have uncovered several new species.To give the forest a sense of realness, the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous video screen, sounds will come out from hidden speakers, and plans even call for forest smells. Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer. Computer modeling programmes plotted distances and special relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life. Plaster trees were made．Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall．Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forest, one of the exhibit’s cleverest recreations will seem real. Long tube lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balance remove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. The exhibit is proof to the hope that the world’s rainforests will never exist solely as a carefully preserved artifact.72. How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?A. It sent a large team of scientists there.B. It cooperated with many African scientists.C. It hired local people to collect mammals, etc.D. It sent cameramen to shoot videotapes.73. To give the forest a sense of realness, all the following are used EXCEPT that _______.A. hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest soundB. a huge video screen is put up on the back wallC. special equipment is employed to produce forest smellsD. the forest is surrounded by front and back walls74. What is the main theme of the last paragraph?A. The layout of the rainforest exhibition.B. The balance between animals and plants.C. The clever design of lighting.D. Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact.75. What is this passage mainly about?A. The history of the American Museum of Natural History.B. The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum.C. Visitors ’ interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New York museum.D. Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for eachparagraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.Last Tuesday, I came home from school hot, tired, and starving. I had been through a verytiring day, and all I wanted to do was eat. I opened the refrigerator door and searched forsomething eatable. Luckily, I chanced to find a piece of leftover pizza from the night before. I putit onto a plate and popped it into my microwave oven. Presto! In less than two minutes, my pizzaslice was ready for me to bite into. This modern-day invention, the microwave oven, should beconsidered one of the “wonders of the world ”because it is unbeatable as a food, money, and timesaver.77.As a food saver, a microwave oven is definitely hard to beat. Almost any kind of leftover canbe reheated in this type of oven, and used properly there is no worry of the food drying out. Forexample, spaghetti is a mess to try to reheat on top of the stove. It dries out terribly and will stickto the bottom and sides of a saucepan. The spaghetti will also scorch(烧焦) easily if one is notcareful. But with a microwave oven, this is a different story with a happier ending. The spaghettiwill remain saucy, will not stick, and will not scorch. The Italian food will be as good as it was the78.Another “wonder ”about the microwave oven is the money that it saves. Leftovers thatwould normally be thrown out can be saved and reheated. This saves food; thus, it saves money.79.Best of all, however, is the time thata microwave oven can save. As a general rule,microwave cooking takes one-third the time that a conventional oven does. Imagine what a delight this would be after a tiring day at work, school, or, better yet, shopping! For instance, to bake a medium-sized potato takes only eight to ten minutes in a microwave oven. So in the time it would take to fry up a hamburger, one could have a hot baked potato to go with it. In addition to speedy cooking, a microwave is wonderful for defrosting (解冻) meat. On low power this oven can defrost any kind of meat in less than fifteen minutes. This is a real lifesaver when company drops80.Indeed, microwave ovens should be considered one of the modern wonders of the world. I know that it was a wonder for me last Tuesday. That slice of day-old pizza made me feel like a new man!Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first design ed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electr ical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control howmuch stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.82. According to the scientists, the reason why rats wanted to eat more and more junk food wasthat ___________________.83. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?84. What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?第Ⅱ卷（共45分）Ⅰ. Translation（20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.我们最好天天锻炼身体。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-老师版(已经校对)

Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was ab le to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?31-40:DKHAF JBGECFirst Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.31-40 KAGEJ BIFCDImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place. In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.31—40 K H B D A I C G E FThis invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of plane s. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they37 just that.Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more stickynotes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.31-35 JGKFE 36-40 ADBICThe rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed(使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_____ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increasethe (38)______ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worryin g (40)______ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.31-40：BEAJF HKCGIThere is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the readermust be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.31-40 DGAFI JHEKBThe meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be 31___, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every 32 with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it. as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 33 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be 34 is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for 35____.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 36 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 37 between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an cider or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the 38 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not39 too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 40 of silencecan use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures 31-40: EIACB KGJDFIn late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31._____ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32._____ law would ban eating on the subway system and 33._____ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.______ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35______, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36______, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37._______ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38._____. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.______ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.____ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to beconsiderate when enjoying a bite in public.31-40 EFKHB CIAGDSmart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the 36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about sympt oms over the previous weeks or months,”Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.31-40 DJFIC BKGHACould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutchpainters.However, there are 31 whether some paintings attributed (归属）to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting isknown as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed therepresentation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraitsknown to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that32 it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman in the 33 is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 ____ , but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.31-40 HKDCB JFIAGNINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control. “The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shangh ai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’sfirst orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning. Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.31-35 DCIAB 36-40 HCKJEGood news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__ the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii with their __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda’s habitat has given them back their space wit h food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from “endangered” to “near threatened”. According to a statement from IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely - dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000 -- 72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s - due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to theirrisk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.31---40 G E H C F J A K D IDonald Trump 31 his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold (门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the 32 or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic 33 of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply 34 by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump 35 Americans to “come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for 36 an d help so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s government agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country 37 , 38 immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and 39 incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but the definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as recognizes the responsibilities he 40 and follows through on his promises.31---40 JFACE HKGBDHave you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen __31__ to bad product placement (产品植入). Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32__ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement __33__ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员) might think of something that __34__ the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos. A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been __35__ about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n) __36__ supply of the company's products.Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, so the deal __37__ with money works well. Someone from a manufacturer’s marketing team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) __38__ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of __39__ casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much ado-it-yourself __40__. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows —even games and music.keys:31-40 FJEIA BGCKDIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the。

上海2016-2017学年高三英语一模二模--完型填空--家庭类+教育类(3篇)

2016-2017学年高三一模二模家庭教育类完型填空专项训练2017年一模松江区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How to help your kids find a purpose? You don’t have to start with the really big questions. “Quick, what’s the meaning of life?” Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn’t __41__ our kids don’t have questions or need answers.“The sense that your personal life is __42__ to you is a basis of psychological well-being,” says Michael F. Steger, director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that, it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more __43__, more caring, more helpful, more resilient (坚韧)，and more satisfied in your life, relationships, and work.But helping your kids find meaning doesn’t mean parents have to __44__ all life’s ancient mysteries, Steger says. The __45__ is to understand the difference between the meaning of life and the meaning in life.“We do not have to start with the biggest and most troubling questions about our lives,” Steger says. “We can start with trying to __46__ how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else.”With kids in __47__ school, Steger says, “At the most basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they __48__.” To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, “You can ask questions about what they think their best __49__ or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with otherpeople, whether they care about others. You can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt __50__ for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation about your kid’s __51__ way of being in and contributing to the world.”In middle school, says Steger, “Kids are being exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions, and priorities that might be __52__ di fferent from the ones they have always assumed were true.” So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your children’s sense of who they are, how they related to others and what life is has been __53__.By high school, according t o Steger, “We hope our children see how much their lives matter, see that they are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about __54__.” But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have __55__, smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.41. A. intend B. mean C. remain D. hope42. A. significant B. decisive C. meaningful D. useful43. A. confident B. cautious C. intelligent D. special44. A. discover B. present C. memorize D. solve45. A. trick B. occupation C. address D. promise46. A. look for B. pick up C. deal with D. figure out47. A. junior B. advanced C. elementary D. senior48. A. make a difference B. spare no effort C. take the initiative D. make a living49. A. specialties B. qualities C. features D. performances50. A. appreciated B. prepared C. understood D. well-known51. A. apparent B. smart C. unique D. appropriate52. A. generally B. eventually C. impossibly D. completely53. A. improving B. strengthening C. appearing D. changing54. A. truth B. purpose C. positivity D. contribution55. A. permanent B. long-lasting C. frequent D. occasional Section A: 41----55 BCADA DCABA CDDBC较难词汇：1. address n. 住址；网址；称呼；讲话；演讲v. 称呼；发表演讲；写地址；处理2. take the initiative 采取主动；首先采取行动Initiative a, 自发的n. 首创精神；主动权；项目on one’s own initiative 主动地，自发地2017静安区一模完形填空I.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns __41__ a society’s primary subsistence (存在) strategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill four crucial social __42__: (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family __43__ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and __44__. For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for __45__.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important __46__ in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin (亲戚). American families also __47__ according to social class. A couple’s social class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of __48__ to the family because of illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergo and the way parents raise their children.__49__, the extent to which American families now differ by __50__ appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been __51__ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people aremarrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have __52__ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue __53__ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are __54__ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how __55__ will these future adaptations be?41.A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42.A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43.A. with regard to B. in terms of C. in combination with D. for the purpose of44.A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45.A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46.A. variations B. units C. arrangements D. characteristics47.A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48.A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49.A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50.A. family size B.work pressure C. economic status D. social class51.A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52.A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53.A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54.A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worrying about D. getting rid of55.A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. natural答案：41-55 ADBCD ACBDD DBCAC较难词汇词组：1.nuclear family: 基本家庭2.extended family：大家庭3.vary: 变化；存在不同之处vary widely/slightly variation ：变异变化4.dominant:占优势的，支配的，统治的5.appear to be:似乎好像6.be subjected to 经受.....7.extensive:广泛的大量的全面的大规模的8.result from 起因于result in 导致9.destruction: 毁坏毁灭2017嘉定区二模完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an __41__ period of adolescence, during which ma ny of today’s students are not shouldered with adult __42__.In the past two decades, continued connection with and __43__ on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy, universities have __44__ to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of __45__ and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally. __46__ we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to e xpress opinions and challenge majority views. __47__ growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the __48__ world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of __49__. If students rely on administrators to __50__ their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.__51__, the tendency for universities to monitor and __52__ student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定), the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be __53__. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the __54__ between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth. But Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include __55__ of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation.41. A. expanded B. educational C. expected D. extended42. A. responsibilities B. abilities C. knowledge D. experience43. A. concentration B. dependence C. influence D. decision44. A. given up B. given away C. given in D. given out45. A. instruction B. exploration C. reflection D. preparation46. A. When B. While C. Since D. If47. A. Intellectual B. Spiritual C. Logical D. Psychological48. A. adult B. virtual C. real D. social49. A. satisfaction B. duty C. belonging D. curiosity50. A. understand B. train C. protect D. regulate51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. However52. A. change B. criticize C. shape D. motivate53. A. encouraged B. challenged C. agreed D. realized54. A. difference B. tension C. balance D. conflict55. A. observation B. recognition C. determination D. judgmentKeys：41-45 DABCB 46-50 BADCD 51-55 BCADB。

2016年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷

2016年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法与词汇（共两节，满分26分）第一节、语法填空（共16小题，每题1分，满分16分）1、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第25~32题AWilliam H. Gates, 40, is chairman and chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation, the leading provider of software for personal computers worldwide. With net revenues （税收）of $5.94 billion for the fiscal year（财政年） ending in June 1995, Microsoft employs more than 18,000 people in 48 countries.Gates began his career in personal computer software1he started programming at age 13 while a student at the Lakeside school. In 1974,2an undergraduate at Harvard University, he developed BASIC for the first microcomputer, the MITS Altair,3started the era of hobbyistcomputing.4（lead） by the belief that the personal computer would eventually be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, Gates formed Microsoft with Paul Alien in 19755（develop） software for personal computers.Gates' early foresight about personal computing and his continuing vision have been central to Microsoft and the software industry. Gates is actively6（involve） in significant operating and strategic decisions at development and management of the company. A significant portion of his day is also devoted to7（meet） with customers and staying in contact with Microsoft's employees around the world through e-mail. Gates is married and lives in Bellevue, Washington. Gates is interested in biotechnology and sits on the boards of Darwin Molecular and the Icos Corporation. He is an avid（渴望的）reader and enjoys playing golf and bridge.8technology, the company wants to make it easier and more enjoyable for people to use software. The company is committed to the long term by investing in new technology, state-of-the-art projects and new products for the further expansion of personal computing.2、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第33~40题BCigarette smoking kills. That we know. So, manufactures made electronic cigarettes as a safer smoking choice — safer than tobacco.E-cigarettes contain the drug nicotine like cigarettes. But they do not use tobacco. And you do not light1. They are powered by battery.So, if e-cigarettes are so safe, why have poison control centers around the United States seen an increase2telephone calls about e-cigarette poisonings? The answer is children.Most of the calls are from people worried about children who have played with the devices. In the period of one month this year, the United States Centers for Disease Control say 215 people called the Center with e-cigarette concerns. More than half of these calls were forchildren3（age）five and younger. The devices apparently had made them sick.Tim McAfee is director of the CDC's Office on Smoking and Health. He says the problem is regulation, meaning the U.S. Federal government does not control e-cigarettes4they contain liquid nicotine.Mr. McAfee adds that liquid nicotine is a well-known danger."Nicotine historically has been used as a pesticide in the United States. And that's where we have really had for many, many decades significant poisonings when people got exposed to nicotine that was in liquid solutions."Mr. McAfee explains that nicotine poisoning happens5the substance gets into the skin, gets into the eyes or is swallowed. Even a small amount, hesays,6make a person sick. Nicotine poisoning can cause stomach pain or a sense of imbalance. Headaches and seizures（突发疾病）are also common sighs of nicotine poisoning. And too much nicotine can kill.Tim McAfee says e-cigarettes do not create the level of risk to people as tobacco products do. He notes that almost 500,000 Americans die each year from cigarettes."So, cigarettes are the winner in that contest. And we don't really know what's going to happen with e-cigarettes."E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals7are found in real cigarettes. So, the U.S. Surgeon General has suggested that e-cigarettes may be a useful tool for adults8（try）to end their tobacco use, or quit.But McAfee worries that teenagers may think electronic cigarettes are harmless. They could become addicted, or hooked, on the nicotine and then start smoking real cigarettes. In other words, he fears that for young people fake（假装）e-cigarettes could be a "gateway" to the real thing.第二节、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）3、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第41~50题We're waiting to take trips to outer space. When will it happen? According to individuals in the growing field of space tourism, it may be in five or fifty years.Space Adventures is taking reservations for the flights,1to the first manned spaceflights. The trip will cost $90,000, with a ＄6,0002required. More than 200 people have made reservations, said Sarah, Dalton, the company spokeswoman.John Spencer of the Space Tourism Society says that a morerealistic3for regular space travel is 50 years. Issues of expense, difficulty, and danger must still be resolved. Oh yes – a reusable vehicle must also be invented. He adds, however, that ten years from now, a4number of people may be able to visit a space station. He says he expects a fleet of private space vehicles or "space yachts" （游艇） to bein5in 20 to 25 years. They will do what he calls "orbital super yachting." After that, there will be cruise lines, like those that travel the Earth's oceans, as well as space hotels and resorts.There have been only a few studies to determine the public's interest in space tourism, but they all conclude that a6of people would like to visit space and would be willing to pay good money for it.According to expert Patrick Collins, between 5 million and 20 million people will head for space by 2030. He also7100 flights a day leaving Earth. It wouldbe8to have more than 100 hotels in Earth's orbit（轨道）, a few more orbiting the moon, and a few on the moon's surface. These hotelswould9more than 100,000 people, who would work month-long shifts. Each hotel would have a service station. Such service stations would provide oxygen, water, and hydrogen. They might also ship10safe electric power back to Earth.If all the issues can be resolved, Collins says that space tourism could one day become a $1 trillion.A. predictsB. operationC. employD. limitedE. majorityF. environmentallyG. depositH. similarI. dreamsJ. necessaryK. estimate二、阅读（共三节，满分47分）第一节、完形填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）4、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第51~65题The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of thespirit.1, one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides（自杀）every year by children under 15, and one child2five needs psychiatric（心理）advice.There are many good things about3in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between4and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work inoffices.5, the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working6and often shares in that work.A child7in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies — rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets8playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the western children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world,9, are provided with a watch as one of the10signs of growing up, so that theycan11along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually12to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments（公寓）. Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak tostrangers", there is often a sense of13to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them14from ten floors up.15, twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.A. As usualB. For instanceC. In factD. In other wordsA. byB. inC. toD. underA. childhoodB. povertyC. spiritD. survivalA. adultsB. fathersC. neighboursD. relativesA. AnyhowB. HoweverC. InsteadD. StillA. awayB. aloneC. alongD. nearbyA. growing upB. living throughC. playingD. workingA. andB. butC. orD. soA. at any momentB. at the same timeC. on the other handD. on the wholeA. easiestB. earliestC. happiestD. quickestA. careB. fearC. hurryD. worryA. dareB. expectC. haveD. requireA. controlB. dangerC. disappointmentD. freedomA. anxiouslyB. eagerlyC. impatientlyD. proudlyA. Above allB. In the endC. Of courseD. What's第二节、阅读理解（共12小题，每题2分，满分24分）5、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第66~69题AWest End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre in London, or sometimes more specifically for shows staged in the large theatres of London's "Theatreland" . Along with New York's Broadway Theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of theatre in the English speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London.Total attendances broke the 12 million in 2002, and in May and June 2005. The Times reported that this record might be broken in 2005. Factors behind high ticket sales in the first half of 2005 included new hit musicals such as Billy Elliot, the Producers and Mary Poppins and the high number of film stars appearing. Since the late 1990s there has been an increase in the number of American actors on the London stage.London's main theatre district is located in the heart of the West End of the city centre. Renowned theatre streets include Drury Lane, Shaftesbury Avenue, and the Strand. This area contains approximately forty large theatres and is often referred to Theatreland. The works staged are mainly musicals, classic or plays, and comedy performances.Most of the theaters in "Theatreland" are late Victorian of Edwardian, and they are privately owned. Most of them have their own characteristics with a splendid past. On the other hand, present audience will find them not comfortable as the leg room of the seat is often cramped（people were smaller a hundred years ago） and audience facilities such as bars and restrooms are often much smaller than those in modern theatres. The protected status of the buildings and their confined urban locations, combined with financial limit, mean that it is very difficult to make through improvements to the level of comfort offered. In 2004, it was estimated that an investment of ￡250 million was required for modernization, and the theatre owners failed to request a lower tax to help them meet the costs.(1) Which of the following statement does not describe West End theatre right?A. West End theatre refers to the professional theatre in London.B. West End theatre is one of the famous theatres in London.C. West End theatre also refers to the plays in the theatreland in London.D. Seeing West End theatre show is a must for tourists to London.(2) What might not be the reason for the increasing ticket sale?A. West End theatre often stages best musicals.B. West End theatre has attracted quite a number of film stars.C. Theatreland is located in the heart of the West End.D. The facilities of traditional theatres have been improved.(3) What is the word cramped in the last paragraph mean?A. LimitedB. SmallC. ComfortableD. Spacious(4) Which can you not infer from the passage?A. Broadway theatre also reflects the high level of theatre in the English-speaking world.B. West End theatre came into existence around 100 years ago.C. West End theatre used to belong to Queen Victoria and King Edward.D. The theatre owners did not succeed in persuading government to reduce their tax to rebuild the theatres.6、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第70~74题BVancouver（温哥华）Natural ResourcesAs a major centre for the global forestry industry, Vancouver is host to many international forestry conferences and events, and the natural home of the massive BC forestry business. Companies such as Canfor and West Fraser Timber Co., the second and third largest lumber（木材）producers in the world, are headquartered in Vancouver. Vancouver is also a major centre for the mining industry.International tradeInternational trade is a key part for Vancouver's economy. The city has Canada's largest port and is one of North America's major gateways for Pan-Pacific（泛太平洋）trade. The Port of Vancouver ranks first in North America in total foreign exports and second on the West Coast in total goods volume. Banking and FinancialThe headquarters for HSBC Canada （汇丰银行）is located in the Financial District in downtown. Canada's third largest commercial entity （实体）, Jim Pattison Group is also based in Vancouver. International relationVancouver is a major centre for diplomacy （外交） and foreign relations. Most countries of the world have consulate（领事馆）or general offices in the Central Business District. In fact, many major diplomatic conferences are hosted by the city - including the world famous G7 summit with President Clinton, APEC, and the World Trade Organization. Greenpeace has its world headquarters in the city.Therefore, Vancouver was among the first North American cities to declare itself a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone.TourismTourism is a leading industry to Vancouver. The Whistler-Blackcomb Resort is among the most popular skiing resorts in North America, and will be the site of the downhill events of the 2010 Winter Olympics. Vancouver's beaches, parks, waterfronts, and mountain backdrops and its multi- cultural character attract more and more tourists.FilmVancouver was the source of the sobriquet（绰号）"Hollywood North", for hosting the production of about ten percent of Hollywood's movies. Many U.S. television and films series are shot exclusively in Vancouver. This has partly been because of the favourable Canadian dollar exchange rate.(1) Which of the following description about Vancouver is NOT true according to the passage?A. The Port of Vancouver ranks first in North America in total foreign exports.B. Vancouver is a film production centre and called “Hollywood North".C. International forestry conferences and events were held in Vancouver.D. Vancouver is a leading centre for the global agriculture and industry.(2) Which of the following organizations or events is not related to Vancouver?A. Jim Pattison GroupB. WHOC. GreenpeaceD. The 2010 Winter Olympics(3) If you are a graduate from Shanghai Finance and Economics University, what is it that will probably attract you to visit Vancouver?A. Its international trade.B. Its film industry.C. HSBC Canada.D. Its beautiful natural scenery.(4) We can infer from the part: International relation.A. Vancouver is a major centre for foreign relations.B. Vancouver has hosted many major diplomatic conferences.C. APEC and WTO are headquartered in Vancouver.D. Canada is a peace-loving country.7、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第74~77题CJogging has become the most popular individual sport in America. Many theories, even some mystical（神秘的）ones, have been advanced to explain the popularity of jogging. The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap, quick and efficient way to maintain （or achieve）physical fitness.The most useful sort of exercise is exercise that develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory（循环的）systems. If these systems are fit, the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies. One can train more specifically, as by developing strength for weight lifting or the ability to run straight ahead for short distances with great power as in football, but running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body. It is worth doing that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease, the number one cause of death in America.Only one sort of equipment is needed – a good pair of shoes. Physicians advise beginning joggers not to run in tennis or gym shoes. Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make a pair of excellent running shoes indispensable（不可缺少的）if a runner wishes to develop as quickly as possible, with as little chance of injury as possible. A pair of good running shoes will have soft pads for absorbing shock, as well as slightly built-up heels and full heel cups（后跟垫）that will give the knee and ankle more stability. A wise investment in good shoes will prevent blisters （水泡）and the foot, ankle and knee injuries and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surfaces. No other special equipment is needed; you can jog in any clothing you desire, even your street clothes.Many joggers wear expensive, flashy（华丽的）warm –up suits, but just as many wear a simple pair of gym shoes and T-shirt; in fact, many people just jog in last year's clothes. In cold weather, several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat. If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing, they can add or subtract layers as conditions change.It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run. The American Jogging Association has a twelve – week program designed to move from a fifteen-minute walk （which almost anyone can manage who is in reasonable health） to a thirty-minute run. A measure of common sense, a physical examination, and a planned schedule are all it takes.(1) They main purpose of this passage is to.A. discuss jogging as a physical fitness programB. describe the type of clothing needed for joggingC. provide scientific evidence of the benefits of joggingD. launch a nationwide physical fitness campaign(2) The most effective kind of exercise should be the one that.A. trains the body for weight liftingB. enables a person to run straight aheadC. is both beneficial and inexpensiveD. develops the heart, lungs, and circulatory systems(3) We can conclude from this passage that.A. jogging makes heart disease no longer an American problemB. jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly preparedC. warm-up suits are preferable to gym shoes and T-shirtsD. jogging is bad for the ankles and knees(4) What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. For beginning joggers，tennis or gym shoes are better choices.B. A pair of good running shoes is necessary for a runner to develop quickly.C. A pair of good running shoes with a full heel-cup is designed to prevent shock.D. Comfortable pads will give the knees and ankles more stability.第三节、阅读表达（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）8、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第78~81题Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before．But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing: they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure．That's why a new study of French workers is welcome news.Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue（疲劳）in people after they got tired while they were still employed.The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company for 14 years. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement．The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work．The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions（养老金）that French workers enjoy．Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries."The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important," Westerlund says． "We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement．But no matter what the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we won't see the improvements we did."However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees' health after they leave their jobs－with less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work．（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）(1) According to some recent studies, retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases like.(2) Westerlund's group found that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired both.(3) What does the word "improvements" in paragraph 5 refer to?(4) Retirement may make people happier with.三、翻译（共5小题，满分22分）9、【来源】 2016年上海普陀区高三二模第82~86题Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 商店里的商品琳琅满目，让我们眼花缭乱。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语二模汇编----中英翻译-老师版(带答案精准校对)

V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看到他的表情，我忍不住把实情告诉了他。

(resist)73. 随着时间的推移，那本日记上的字迹现在已模糊不清，难以辨认。

(With)74. 把难记的单词或句子同一件有趣的事情联系起来，记住它们就轻而易举了。

(associate)75. 正是因为学习方法因人而异，所以在学习和生活中适合你的不一定就适合我。

(vary)Keys:72. Seeing his facial expressions / look, I couldn’t resist telling him the truth / telling the truth to him.73. With the time passing by, the writing / handwriting in the diary has now become so faint /vague that it is hard to identify / recognize / make out.74. It will be / is very easy to memorize difficult words or sentences if / when you associate themwith interesting / funny things. / … if / when they are associated with interesting / funny things.75. It is because learning method varies from person to person that what is suitable for you may not be so / suits me in (our) study and life.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 永远不要对你孩子的缺点熟视无睹。

上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----完形填空-老师版(已校对)

One【2071虹口区】A Cashless SocietyThere is nothing worse than feeling around in your pocket trying to find some small change to pay for a newspaper or a coffee. So it ‘gso od to know that new __41__ is making cash -banknotes and coins -- a thing of the past, turning us into a cashless society.Today, many of us already use credit and debit cards for __42__ transactions （交易） so there ‘s no need to carry around huge amounts of money. And now it ‘s __43__ to make contactlesspayments using tap-and-go cards which are regular bankcards but with a built-in chip. The card reader __44__ a radio signal and, when you bring the card close to the reader, the chip picks up the signal to make the payment.__45__money this way or spending on ―-p- l a snt iicnform‖a l name for a credit card -- can put you at risk of fraud （诈骗）. Criminals try to steal cards, or the information on them, to make __46__ online or in shops, which, as a result, adds too much difficulty to the police ‘s d work. __47__, contactless payment is capped -- in the UK the limit is 30. And, if someone do￡esgo on a crazy spending with your card, your bank covers you against the loss. Also, the __48__ ofchip and PIN technology has even been helping businesses by cutting the time people spend at the cashier ‘s in shops and has led to a（n） __49__ in fraud.But, if getting your bankcard out seems like too much trouble, there ‘s now a __50__ usingwearable technology -- something you can wear that include computer and electronic technologies. Kenneth Cukier , economist and technology expert, says ―this is __51__ for people who don ‘t to take their card out of their wallet, or use their phone, or use their watch. People are going to be making more purchases more of the time -- __52__ for small-valued goods . ‖And, although our mobile phones are another way of making payments, BBC reporter Kate Russell says that when this is __53__ you can use the fingo-pay （指纹支付） system which rea―ds the unique maps of veins under the surface of your finger. ‖ The trick is remembering which fingeryou __54__ with in the bank -- that ‘s when good o-fladshioned cash might save the day! What do you __55__ to use when you buy something?41. A. experiment B. evidence C. technology D.analysis42. A. financial B. equal C. economical D. moderate43. A. definite B.possibleC.formalD.legal上海市各区 2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空44. A. work out B. makes out C. gives out D. sends out 45. A. Refunding B. Depositing C. Paying D.Withdrawing46. A. bargains B. purchases C. preparations D. troubles 47. A. Similarly B. Meanwhile C. Furthermore D. However 48. A.introduction B. contact C. cooperation D. extension 49. A. rise B. drop C. change D. increase 50. A. question B. reason C. concept D. solution51. A. reserved B. provided C. intendedD. chosen 52. A.particularly B. specially C. simply D.purposefully53. A. inexact B. unnecessary C. impractical D.inconvenient 54. A. cancelled B. registered C. tested D. restricted 55. A. attempt B. demandC. preferD. aimKeys:41-55: CABDC BDABD CADBCTraditionally uniforms were manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense — those for the military, for example, were originally __41__ to impress and even terrify the enemy; other uniforms indicated a distinction in__42__ — chefs wore white because they worked with flour, but the main chef wore a black hat to show he inspected and supervised.The last 30 years, however, have seen an increasing __43__ on their role in mirroring the image of an organization and in uniting the workforce, particularly in ― customerfacing ‖From uniforms and workwear has emerged― __44__ clothing ‖ . ― The people you employ are yourambassadors （大使）, ‖ says Peter Griffin, managing director of a major retailer in the UK.―they say, how they look, and how they behave is of vital importance. ‖ From being a simplemeanof __45__ who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketingcommunication.Truly effective marketing through __46__ images such as uniforms is a subtle art, however. How we look sends all sorts of powerful messages to other people. Dark colours give a sense of__47__ while lighter colour shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism （守旧）, while others a sense of __48__ to new ideas. If the company is selling quality, then it must have quality uniforms. If it is selling style, its uniforms must be stylish. If it wants to appear __49__, everybody can ‘ t look exactly the same.But turning corporate philosophies into the right combination of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity is not always __50__. According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying the workwear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22 __51__ for 85% of total sales —￡380 million in 1994.A successful uniform needs to __52__ two key sets of needs. On the one hand, no uniformwill work if staff feel uncomfortable or ugly. On the other hand, it is __53__ if the look doesn ‘ texpress the business ‘ s marketing strategy. The greatest challenge in this respect is time. When itcomes to human awareness, first impressions count. Customers will assess the way staff look in just a few seconds, and that few seconds will __54__ their attitudes from then on. Those few seconds can be so important that big companies are prepared to __55__ years, and millions of pounds, getting them right.41. A. intended B. tended C. extended D. attended42. A. statue B. stability C. statusD. statistics43. A. preference B. argument C. compliment D. emphasis44. A. cooperate B. political C. corporate D. academic45. A. exposing B. identifying C. qualifyingD. requesting46. A. studio B. audio C. visual D. casual47. A. clarity B. authority C. availability D.accessibility48. A. exposure B. rejection C. reluctance D. openness49. A. stable B. uniform C. innovative D. similar50. A. smooth B. disagreeable C. objective D. complex51. A. exchange B. call C. stand D. account52. A. establish B. balance C. neglect D. desert53. A. pointless B. significant C. useful D. careless54. A. maintain B. shape C. draw D. value55. A. commit B. command C. dedicate D. investKeys:41-55 ACDCB CBDCA DBABDEverybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species —defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ —runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads （蔗蟾蜍）and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial （无争议的） are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort —for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain ‘invsa siveplants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a（n） __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity （多样性） in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature ‘ s opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature —to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing （杂交）. Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a（n） __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly__53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens （病菌）, especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a goodidea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden 55__. That is universally accepted.41. A. multiplied B. shrunk C. disappeared D. harvested 42. A. conserve B. eliminate C. investigate D. prioritize 43. A. healthy B. intentional C. harmful D. profitable 44. A. As a resultB. For exampleC. By contrastD. In fact 45. A. attraction B. dominance C. annoyance D. substitute 46. A. increases B. destroys C. reveals D. targets 47. A. oppressed B. disturbed C. cultivated D. preserved 48. A. acceptable B. needless C. mistaken D. convincing 49. A. fuel(l)ed B. organized C. interrupted D. greeted 50. A.civilization B. interference C. interaction D.maintenance51. A. tolerable B. impossible C. beneficial D. critical 52. A. reluctant B. disorderly C. invalid D. unbalanced 53. A. damagingB. flexibleC. doubtfulD.outstanding54. A. pick up B. take in C. keep out D. turn down 55. A. agricultureB. vegetationC. atmosphereD. natureFour 【20171 长宁区嘉定区】About five years ago, when the first generation of wearable fitness tracker s became popular, they were announced as the dawn of a revolution. Health experts and busniesspeople alike said that giving people access to real-time calorie (卡路里 )- burning and step-count data would inspire them to lose weight, eat better and -most important- _____ 41 ___ more. But even as the U.S. marketfor ___42 __ devices hits $7 billion this year, there ‘evsi dence that their promise isn ‘qut ite paying off.The U.S. has an exercise problem, with 28% of Americans ages 50 and over considered wholly ___43 __ . That means 31 million adults move no more than is necessary to perform the most basic functions of daily life. Wearables, experts ___44___, wer e going to change that.But limited academic research has been done to figure outwhetherwearables _____ 45Keys:41— 55 ABCDC ABCAB BCACDpeople ‘s behavior in the long term. The little research that does exist isn ‘t ___ 46___ . Fstudy in the Journal of the American Medical Association , researchers wanted to see whether activity trackers would help overweight people lose more weight over two years than if they just did a weight-loss intervention （干预） alone. They didn ‘t. ―We found that just giving pedoepvliec eadoesn ‘mt ean it ‘gso ing to _ 47 something you think it ‘gso ing to lead to, ‖sa ys John Jakicic, the author of the study, from the University of Pittsburgh. ― These activity trackers don ‘tengage people in strategies that make a ___48___ in terms of long- term change ‖Another new study highlighted a different challenge: user 49___. By the end of a__________________________________________________yearlongstudy of 800 people, just 10% of participants were still wearing the trackers, according to, Eric Finkelstein, a professor at the Duke- NUS Medical School in Singap ore. ―We didn ‘t find that Fitbits really have much of an effect, ‖ he says. This may well be because people expect trackers to dosomething they ‘re not designed -t-o _d_o__50 , force them to change their behavior. _________________ ― There ‘s___ 51 ___ among people about their func tion, a measurement tool and an intervention, ‖ Finkelstein says. A scale counts pounds, _________ 52 ___ , but won ‘t teach you how to eat less.people put these devices on, they might interact with the app （应用程序） for the first few weeks, maybe the first few months, but there comes a point where that starts to fall off, ‖ says FinkelsteTo be __ 53___, some of the costlier add higher-tech wearables have features baked into themthat encourage users to move more, says Shelten Yuen, Fitbit t of ‘re s e vaircceh p. rAemsiodnegn them: shaking sensors, movement reminders and social- media combination, all designed to 54 users to make better health choices every day. But more research will be needed to determine whether or not these ___ 55 ________________ -- or others like them-- measurably improve people ‘shealth and fitness levels.41. A. learn B. purchase C. exercise D. perform42. A. wearable B. electronic C. hi-tech D. built-in43. A. misunderstood B. inactive C. discourageD. unchangeable44. A. announced B. determined C. hoped D. noticed45. A. limit B. understand C. interpret D. change46. A. encouraging B. interesting C. pioneering D. challenging47. A. benefit from B. result in C. add to D. look for上海市各区2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空48. A. design B. movement C. profit D. difference49. A. reduction B. participation C. creation D. expectation50. A. namely B. therefore C. however D. shortly51. A. argument B. popularity C. confusion D. interaction52. A. by the way B. in other words C. of course D. for example53. A. fair B. cute C. accessible D. technical54. A. persuade B. motivate C. follow D. teach55. A. concepts B. sensors C. scales D. featuresKeys:41-55 CABCDABDAACDABD Five【20171 徐汇区】Two key climate change indicators —global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent —have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest (41)month globally in the modern temperature record, which (42)1880,according to scientistsat NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. The six-month period from Januaryto June was also the planet's warmest half-year on record, with a(n)(43)temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius (2.4 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the latenineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2016 also (44)the smallest respective monthly Arcticsea ice (45)since regular satellite records began in 1979, according to analyses developedby scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one (46) ___ ,March,recorded the second smallest for that month.(47) these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientistssaid it is more significant that global temperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing theirdecades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising (48)ofheat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically (49)40percent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent inSeptember, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been (50) at a rate of 13.4percent per decade.Celebrities,in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important "While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter (51)thegaining globaltemperatures from October, it is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers," GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.(52)El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such asin 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures haverisen well beyond those of 18 years ago (53)the overall warming that has taken place inthat time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional (54)in the Arctic, saidWalt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard."It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperatures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme," Meier said. "This warmth as well as unusual weather (55)have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year."41. A. resistant B. respective C. resolved D. r emote42. A. makes sense ofB. keeps up with C. dates back to D. goes ahead of 43. A. average B. ordinary C. common D. temporary 44. A. confirmed B. witnessed C. involved D. c onducted 45. A. standard B. content C. amount D. e xtent 46. A. datum B. example C. month D. exception47. A. WhileB. WhenC. AfterD. A s 48. A. combinations B. reductions C. concentrations D.applications 49. A. includesB. coversC. approachesD. i ndicates50. A. increasing B. changing C. declining D. m oving51. A.ended up with B. gave rise to C. broke away from D. resultedfrom52. A. Frequent B. Natural C. Disastrous D. P revious 53. A. in return for B. in case of C. in spite of D. b ecause of 54.A. warmingB. fallingC. gatheringD. changing55. A.forecasts B. varietiesC. patternsD. illustration sKEYS: BCABDDACBCrepresentatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific 41 .Besides, fashion magazines have almost _____ 42 the practice of putting models on the coverbecause they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. 43 , celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, mov ing from advertising for others ‘pr oducts to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ___________ 44 ___ consumers, while today they ‘ rseta rted by first -class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top __ 45 . The most successful start-upshave been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale 46 , covering almost all theproducts of daily life.However, for every success story, there ‘as related warning tale of a celebrity who47 his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product ‘s origin is, if it 48 to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, 49returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe 50 ___ . The pop-cultural circle might bebigger than ever, but its rate of turnover （逆转） has 51 as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity s‘heslf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him 52 has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego '（s自我的） potential for ______________ 53 ____ is limitless. Having alreadyachieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____ 54 as the nextfrontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been _ 55 ____ . So the next time celebrities i ntroduce their lines of fashion, let ‘s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On thecontrary上海市各区 2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary 45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers 46. A. rapidly B. moderately C.reluctantly D. carefully 47. A. ignored B. disapproved C.overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. managesD. strengthens 49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D.disappointment 50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D.embarrassment 51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speededupD. faded away 52. A. fame B. fortune C. troubleD. risk 53. A. information B. knowledge C.reputation D. expansion 54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance 55. A. admirable B. productiveC. temporaryD. respectableKEYS:CABDB ACBAD CADBCMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products41 at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding 42 sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to 43.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be44but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers45to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands 46 as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very 47experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the ___48 __ for brand name shopping was on a few people with salesassistants ‘ ___ 49___ attitude and -dt o unch-what-‘yotu- can ‘-atfford displays. Now the 50 of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers 51 through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a(n) 52 . And scent is just one wayto_53 ___ this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder 54 ___ through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. Adepartment store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store windows to smell books, pots and drawers, 55 ____ their perfect scent.KEYS:CBABC DAADB ACBDCEight 【20171 静安区】The two most common organizational patterns of the family are the nuclear family and the extended family. To a large extent, these patterns __41__ a society subsistence‘ (s存p在rim) arystrategy.American social scientists have generally agreed that families everywhere fulfill fourcrucial social __42__: (a) reproduction of new members, (b) child care, (c) socialization of children to values, traditions, and norms of the society, and (d) intimacy and support for members. Although we can define the family __43__ its functions, the emphasis given to each of them varies widely both geographically and __44__. For example, in nineteenth-century America, people married mainly to have children. Today, emotional support among family members has now become the dominant function of the family, and the family has become an economic unit for consumption rather than for __45__.In recent years, social scientists have discovered important __46__ in family types, such as the single-parent family and the nuclear family fixed within a network of kin ( 亲戚). Americanfamilies also __47__ according to social class. A couple ‘sos cial class affects the number of children they will decide to have, if any, and also the likelihood of __48__ to the family becauseof illness, death, or divorce. Social class also influences the amount of stress a marriage is likely to undergoand the way parents raise their children.__49__, the extent to which American families now differ by __50__ appears to be much less than it was fifty years ago.The American family has been __51__ in a number of ways over the past few decades. Many people are marrying later, having children later, and having fewer children or none at all. These social changes have __52__ diverse household patterns, including single-person households and childless couples. Role changes are also occurring as both partners pursue __53__ and share family responsibilities.Many innovative family arrangements are attempts to enhance the commitment of marriage while increasing individual freedom and fulfillment. In this way, families are __54__ such broad social trends as delayed marriage, greater participation of women in the job market, and a rising rate of divorce. Undoubtedly, the American family will continue to be subjected to such pressures, but how __55__ will these future adaptations be?41. A. reflect B. change C. confirm D. replace42. A. performances B. activities C. relations D. functions43. A. with regardto B. in terms of C. in combination with D. for the purpose of44. A. racially B. financially C. historically D. spiritually45. A. inhabitation B. competition C. connection D. production46. A. variations B. units C. arrangementsD. characteristics47. A. develop B. extend C. differ D. evolve48. A. contribution B. destruction C. combination D. application49. A. Therefore B. Also C. Contrarily D. However50. A. family size B.work pressure C. economicstatus D. social class51. A. expanding B. divided C. valued D. changing52. A. focused on B. resulted in C. appealed to D. called for53. A. trends B. study C. careers D. goals54. A. adapting to B. dealing with C. worryingabout D. getting rid of 55. A. sociable B. available C. extensive D. naturalKeys:41-55 ADBCD ACBDD DBCACDirections MatterJet lag （时差感） may be the worst part of travelling, and it hits many people harder travelling east than west. Why they feel this way is 41 , but scientists recently developed a new modelthat provides an explanation for the mystery and insights on recovering from jet lag.The model imitates the way neuronal oscillator cells （神经振子细胞） 42 crossing time zones. These cells in our brains 43 our biological clocks. However, the cells don ‘qt uite operate on a perfect 24-hour schedule. Instead, their activity follows a 44 that lastsslightlylonger than that, about 24.5 hours. According to Michelle Girvan, an associate professor of physics at the University of Maryland and a co- author of the study, that means it 45 fo‘r uss to extend the length of a day —for example, by flying west across time zones —than to shorten the day, by flying east.The scientists found that for 46 travel, a person who crossed three time zones wouldfully 47 in a little less than four days. For six time zones, recovery would take about sixdays. For nine time zones, the recovery would take just less than eight days.However, when a person travels eastward, the recovery time doesn ‘ mt atch up as48 . When a person crosses three time zones going east, it takes a little more than four days to recover. For six time zones, the recovery time 49 to more than eight days. And for nine time zones, the recovery period is more than 12 days.Girvan noted that not everyone has a biological clock of exactly 24.5 hours.50 , it variesfrom person to person. The other factor to consider is 51 cues such as sunlight, Girvan added. How a person reacts to these cues can also 52 how quickly he or she上海市各区2017 届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空will adjust to a new time zone.The scientists hope that their new model can be used in the future to figureout the best ways to 53 jet lag. For example, if you will be traveling six time zones eastward, start by setting your clock ahead an hour or two several days before you leave. And when you arrive in a new time zone, make sure that the outside cues you are exposed to 54 the new time zone. That means that if it ‘ s daytime in the new time zone, expose yourself to sunlight. And if itavoid artificial 55 , including those from smartphones and computers, to help your biologicalclock adjust.41. A. incredible B. apparent C. surprising D. unclear。

2016届上海市各区高三英语一模试题题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--学生版（已校对）

III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why girls do better at school than boys?For centuries, boys were top of the class. But these days, that’s no longer the case.A new study by the OECD, a club of mostly __51__ countries in Europe and North America, examined how 15-year-old boys and girls performed at reading, mathematics and science. Boys still get somewhat better __52__ at maths and physics, and in other science courses the genders are roughly __53__. But when it comes to the students who really struggle and suffer at school, the difference is __54__: boys are 50% more likely than girls to fall short of basic standards in all three areas.__55__, why are girls performing better at school than their male classmates?First, girls read more than boys. Reading proficiency (熟练) is the basis upon which all other learning is built. When boys don’t do well in reading, their __56__ in other school subjects suffers too.Second, girls spend much more time on their homework and out-of-class learning. __57__, girls spend five and a half hours per week doing homework while boys spend a little less than four and a half hours. Researchers suggest that doing homework __58__ by teachers is linked to better accomplishment in maths, reading and science. Boys, it appears, spend more of their free time in the __59__ world; they are 17% more likely to play cooperative online games than girls every day. They also use the internet more.Third, peer __60__ plays a role. A lot of boys decide early on that they are just too cool for school. They adopt a so-called concept of masculinity(男子气概) that includes a disregard for __61__, which means they’re more likely to be rude and noisy in class. Teachers mark them down for this. In anonymous(匿名的) tests, boys perform better. In fact, the gender gap in reading __62__ by a third when teachers don’t know the gender of the pupil they are marking.So what can be done to close this gap? Getting boys to do more homework and cut down on screen-time would help. And offering boys a __63__ to read non-fiction would help too: they’re keener on comics and newspapers. But most of all, abandoning gender stereotypes(旧模式) would __64__ all students. Thus, boys in all countries with the best schools read much better than girls. As we know, girls in Shanghai, Singapore and Seoulare good at mathematics, and they __65__ boys from anywhere else in the world.51. A. backward B. wealthy C. regular D. miserable52. A. scores B. directions C. guidance D. evaluation53. A. practical B. reliable C. relevant D. equal54. A. stable B. vague C. obvious D. logical55. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Instead56. A. behaviour B. comment C. preparation D. performance57. A. In brief B. On average C. On the contrary D. In addition58. A. researched B. designed C. assigned D. approved59. A. virtual B. realistic C. future D. artificial60. A. relationship B. contact C. responsibility D. pressure61. A. experts B. authorities C. adults D. peers62. A. develops B. widens C. narrows D. forms63. A. chance B. task C. favour D. resource64. A. influence B. harm C. satisfy D. benefit65. A. advance B. overtake C. overcome D. challengeSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New Tech Network, a new education organization, strives to ensure all students have the skills, knowledge, and attributes they need to thrive in post-secondary education, career and civic life.New Tech Network cooperates with district leaders, administrators, and teachers who share a common purpose: to provide an education in which students acquire knowledge and develop skills vital to __51__ in the post-secondary path of their choosing. The New Tech design is simply a blueprint, __52__ a set of core beliefs, tools, and strategies to help each school fulfill its purpose. New Tech design principles provide for an __53__ approach centered on project-based learning, a culture that enables students and teachers, and the use of technology in the classroom. Through extensive professional development, personalized coaching, and access to Echo, New Tech Network, a learning __54__ system, enables principals, teachers, and students to develop relevant and meaningful learning communities.TEACHING THAT ENGAGESA K-12 PathwayThrough project-based learning, internships（见习期）, dual enrollment, and other experiences in New Tech schools, students are well __55__ post-secondary pursuits.__56__, New Tech Network has worked with public school districts to redesign high schools. More recently, however, New Tech Network is partnering with several school districts to __57__ New Tech middle schools and elementary schools. In some districts, this provides students with a K-12 pathway. In elementary and middle schools, the design principles are the same—teaching that engages, culture that empowers, and technology that enables. As the elementary and middle schools mature, New Network will measure success on student__58__.Learning __59__The years spent in a New Tech school allow students to gain the academic and deeper learning skills necessary for success in any post-secondary option. New Tech students learn disciplinary knowledge and skills to conduct inquiry and solve real-world problems. Throughout a project, they cooperate with peers, facilitators, and experts in the field. Students __60__ their learning through effective oral and written communication for authentic audiences.Ownership of their learning experience and engagement in relevant and challenging taskshelps students develop a sense of agency, a skill essential to success in __61__, career, and civic duty.Project-Based LearningProject-based learning is at the heart of New Tech Network’s instructional approach. Students cooperate on projects, ranging in __62__ from two to eight weeks, which require critical thinking and communication. Projects often occur in integrated subject area courses, where Entry Events, the Need-to-Know (NTK) process, and skill building workshops support student-centred learning. During projects, students often engage withsubject matter experts who provide feedback on real-world products. Through project-based learning, students not only master __63__ content, but also successfully apply content when solving authentic problems.__64__ -Based InternshipsNew Tech students also engage in experiences designed to prepare them for success in the contemporary workplace. By cooperating with others on projects, students acquire a level of responsibility similar to a __65__ work environment. Students engage with field experts and community stakeholders(利益相关者) during projects, and final products are presented to authentic audiences. Additionally, two-thirds of New Tech high schools offer such practical activities, with nearly half of all seniors participating.51. A. success B. rescue C. survival D. reform52.A. owing to B. getting rid of C. depending on D. accompanied by53.A. intermediate B. intelligent C. instructional D. informative54.A. innovation B. requirement C. management D. negotiation55.A. related to B. prepared for C. classified by D. compared with56.A. Accidentally B. Accordingly C. Absolutely D. Historically57.A. evaluate B. observe C. connect D. create58.A. teaching B. learning C. engaging D. developing59.A. Problems B. Outcomes C. Strategies D. Discipline60.A. demonstrate B. promote C. highlight D. motivate61.A. elementary schoolsB. middle schools C. high schools D. college62.A. length B. courses C. topics D. targets63.A. advanced B. academic C. complex D. adequate64.A. Network B. Workshop C. Community D. College65.A. permanent B. professional C. popular D. familiarSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many of us have found ourselves trying to explain to friends and colleagues, ―No, busine ss travel isn’t as fun and fascinating as it seems.‖Finally, there could be ___51___ to back this up. Researchers at the University of Surrey, in Britain, and Linnaeus University, in Sweden, have published a new study highlighting what they call ―a ___52___ side of hypermobility(常飞行)‖.The study, which combines existing research on the ___53___ of frequent travel, finds three types of consequence: physiological, psychological and emotional, and social.The physiologicalones are the most obvious. Jet lag is the suffering travellers know best, although they may not ___54___ some of its more terrible potential effects, like speeding ageing or increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Then there’s the danger of deep-vein thrombosis(深静脉血栓), ___55___ to germs and radiation. And finally, of course, business travellers tend to get less exercise and eat less healthily than people who stay in place.The psychological and emotional damage of business travel is more abstract, but just as real. Frequent flyers e xperience ―travel disorientation‖ from ___56___ places and time zones so often. They also ___57___ mounting stress, given that ―time spent travelling will rarely be balancedthrough a reduced workload, and that there may be anxieties ___58___ with work continuing to pile up while being away‖. ___59___ the absence from family and friends, ―hypermobility is frequently a/an ___60___ experience,‖ the authors write. The accumulated impact can be astonishing and great.Finally, there are the ___61___ effects. Marriages suffer from the time apart, as does children’s behaviour. What is more, relationships tend to become more ___62___, as the partner who stays at home is forced to take on more ___63___ duties. There’s a gender inequality here, since most business travellers are men. Friendships also suffer, as business travellers often ―sacrifice local collective activities and instead ___64___ their immediate families when returning from trips‖.Of course, these impacts are moderated by the fact that they fall disproportionately on a small part of the population that is already doing rather well. The ―mobile elite(精英)‖ tend to have higher incomes and ___65___ to better health care than the population at large.So these may be problems of the 1% (or the 3%, or the 5%). But they’re real enough regardless. By all means feel jealous of acquaintances' Instagram photos of exotic meals and faraway attractions. But harbour a small amount of concern as well.51. A. travel B. proof C. damage D. consequence52. A. brighter B. wiser C. darker D. lazier53. A. effects B. benefits C. limits D. costs54. A. impose B. foresee C. declare D. memorize55. A. connection B. adaptation C. exposure D. familiarity56. A. changing B. leaving C. taking D. pursuing57. A. handle B. relieve C. suffer D. lay58. A. infected B. associated C. greeted D. packed59. A. Due to B. According to C. Regardless of D. In case of60. A. surprising B. relaxing C. fulfilling D. isolating61. A. cultural B. conscious C. social D. negative62. A. unequal B. invisible C. pleasant D. permanent63. A. personal B. related C. professional D. domestic64. A. prioritize B. mobilize C. seek D. support65. A. devotion B. objection C. response D. accessSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.At 1:30 p.m. on March 31, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. stepped from a crowd of onlookers and tried to kill Ronald Reagan, the president of the United States. Although he failed, he did cause injury to the president. The crime was committed in clear view of many people. 51 , at the end of his trial, Hinckley was found not 52 by reason of insanity (精神失常). Instead of prison, Hinckley was sent to a mental hospital, where he remains.The judgment in Hinckley’s case did more than annoy a few people. It53 a nationwide debate about whether people accused of a crime can claim they were insane when they did it. If they were capable of 54 and then committing a crime, how could they later claim to have been insane? One starting point is to identify what insane means in a U.S. court of law.Very young children cannot be 55 if they do not know right from wrong, because they cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. For most people, moral responsibility comes with age and maturity. Psychologists, however, say that there are some adults who cannot recognize right from wrong. Since these adults cannot tell the 56 , they should not be held morally responsible for their actions. In a U.S. court of law, an adult like this may be considered insane. Hinckley was judged insane because 57 determined that his mind was not functioning like a(n) 58 adult’s so he had no idea what he was doing. Instead of spending the rest of his life in prison, Hinckley would be committed to a mental hospital, where he could be treated for his illness.People who are against the use of an insanity defense say that criminals like Hinckley do know what they are doing. 59 of the insanity defense say that everyone who commits a serious crime like Hinckley’s could be said to be mentally ill. Otherwise, the person would not commit the crime 60 . There are many people who struggle with severe mental illness who do not commit crimes. The illnesses should not be used as a(n) 61 for violent behavior.People who 62 the insanity defense believe that mental illnesses are not always treatable.Psychologists have been able to detect patterns of behavior. These mental detectives have 63 evidence that a person can be insane but seem normal. Hinckley and others with 64 conditions suffer from delusions (错觉). Even though people with delusions may seem normal, the world does not appear to them as it does to other people. Therefore, experts say, such people cannot be held to the rules of behavior other people are held to. Their punishments should be 65 .51. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Moreover52. A. hurt B. healthy C. safe D. guilty53. A. kicked off B. cleared up C. let out D. put away54. A. confessing B. starting C. planning D. discovering55. A. sentenced B. punished C. annoyed D. defended56. A. insanity B. truth C. responsibility D. difference57. A. judges B. psychologists C. experts D. detectives58. A. mature B. independent C. normal D. capable59. A. Opponents B. Onlookers C. Victims D. Researchers60. A. on the contrary B. by this means C. in the first place D. at the same time61. A. example B. excuse C. defense D. idea62. A. study B. refuse C. transform D. support63. A. destroyed B. compared C. examined D. gathered64. A. realistic B. ordinary C. similar D. treatable65. A. severe B. negotiable C. acceptable D. legalSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Are we too slow to praise and quick to blame? It seems we are.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, we are somehow 51 to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. To make matters worse, most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of 52 .It’s strange how chary(吝啬的) we are about praising. Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. 53 , we are embarrassed and shrug off(不予理睬) the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this 54 reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us 55 , in a letter or passed on by a friend. When one thinks of the speed with which spiteful(恶意的) remarks are conveyed, it seems a pity that there isn’t more effort to pass 56 comments.It’s especially rewarding to give praise in areas where effort generally goes unnoticed or 57 . An artist gets complimented for a glorious picture, a cook for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your 58manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right?Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing 59 jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresses －even housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, ―What a tidy room‖? Hardly anybody does. Shakespeare said, ―Our praises are our wages.‖ Since so often praise is the only 60 a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.Teachers agree about the value of praise. One teacher writes that instead of drowning students’ compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more 61 results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting 62 on them. ―I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,‖ writes the teacher, ―and that he waits hungrily for a brief comment in the margin(空白处) to show him that the teacher is aware of it, too.‖To give praise 63 the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment’s effort. It is such a small 64 . And yet consider the results it may produce. ―I can live for two months on a good compliment,‖ said Mark Twain. So, let’s be 65 to the small excellences around us —and comment on them. We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also, very often, add happiness into our own.51. A. guilty B. impatient C. fortunate D. reluctant52. A. charity B. criticism C. chemical D. command53. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise54. A. extreme B. immediate C. defensive D. positive55. A. naturally B. indirectly C. similarly D. closely56. A. pleasing B. unfair C. interesting D. objective57. A. unchanged B. unmatched C. unmentioned D. unemployed58. A. hotel B. personnel C. sales D. laundry59. A. ideal B. routine C. demanding D. steady60. A. wage B. chance C. input D. support61. A. inevitable B. constructive C. disappointing D. concrete62. A. frequently B. occasionally C. critically D. favorably63. A. highlights B. provides C. costs D. signals64. A. achievement B. challenge C. investment D. substitute65. A. certain B. alert C. resistant D. superiorSection ATwo friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. 51 , according to an official report on youth violence, ―in our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence‖. Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage 52 the way they are taught to solve math problemsor stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is 53 . A report indicates that most violent inc idents between students begin with a relatively minor 54 . For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. 55the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn’t in thesandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can 56 the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude wordsand accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, 57 words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key 58 for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to make the speaker’s position clear. Then the two people should change 59 .60 , students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what’s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to 61 . For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes 62 , the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn’t, 63 thought helps both sides figure out a bettersolution.After students started a conflict resolution, there has been an increase in student 64 . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students 65 friends,teachers, parents, bosses and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.51.A. As a result B. In fact C. By contrast D. On the contrary52.A. conflict B. lives C. relationships D. affairs53. A. violent B. global C. unresolved D. unavoidable54.A. remark B. assumption C. insult D. resolution55.A. Preferencefor B. Particularity aboutC. Complaint overD. Laughter over56.A. interpret B. practice C. assess D. bend57.A. soft B. tough C. critical D. clear58.A. measure B. strategy C. assessment D. application59.A. responses B. attitudes C. roles D. intentions60.A. Contrarily B. Relatively C. Consequently D. Finally61.A. accomplish B. ignore C. foresee D. seek62.A. wider B. clearer C. more complex D. more critical63.A. unselfish B. initial C. inspiring D. careful64.A. cooperation B. argument C. gratitude D. support65.A. admire B. select C. deal with D. back upIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.While residents of wealthy nations tend to have greater life satisfaction, new research shows that those living in poorer nations report having greater meaning in life.These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations __51__ greater religiosity(笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less __52__ to people’s lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.―Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always __53__ longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,‖ explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. ―Given that meaning in life is an important aspect o f overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential __54__, correlates(相关物), and predictors for meaning in life.‖Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign __55__ life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a __56__ survey of over 140,000 participants from 132 countries. __57__ answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: ―Do you feel your life has an important __58__ ormeaning?‖ and ―Is religion an important part of your daily life?‖The data revealed some unexpected __59__:―Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life,‖ says Oishi. ―But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely __60__ pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction.‖When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries –all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a __61__ lower sense of meaning in life.‖The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported __62__ meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it __63__ people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive meas ures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in __64__ countries over time to track whether economic __65__ gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.51. A. by means of B. as a result of C. for the sake of D. with regard to52. A. central B. ideal C. formal D. superior53. A. related with B. combined with C. associated with D. represented with54. A. models B. styles C. designs D. patterns55. A. investigated B. diagnosed C. explored D. exploited56. A. nationwide B. thorough C. complete D. large-scale57. A. Except for B. Instead of C. Rather than D. In addition to58. A. opportunity B. temptation C. purpose D. definition59. A. trends B. practices C. outlooks D. currents60. A. precious B. similar C. relevant D. different61. A. exactly B. significantly C. adequately D. partially62. A. better B. less C. more D. fewer63. A. allows B. requests C. reminds D. helps64. A. following B. chasing C. pursuing D. predicting65. A. priority B. profit C. prosperity D. potentialSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.New research offers fresh insight on when to launch a product or service, and shows that being first to market isn’t always a competitive advantage.In 2004, David Cohen had an idea for a social network for mobile phones that would connect users in the real world. His company, called iContact, launched a beta version ( 测试版 ), and seemed ready to tap the muchpublicized mobile software market. Cohen, then 36, had already founded a successful software company. __51__, after 18 months, he was unable to get phone carriersto distribute his software, and he closed the company.Bets on mobile applications didn’t begin to __52__ until Apple’s iPhone app stor eopened the market in 2008.Conventional __53__ says being first to market creates a competitive advantage. Reality is more complicated. Market opportunities are __54__ opening and closing, and a hit idea at one point could be a failure a year earlier or a yawning ― me too ‖ business a year later. It’s tough---likely __55__ ---to identify the best moment to enter a market, but common sense dictates new entrepreneurs ( 创业人) can improve their odds ( 机会) if they __56__ how much they bearto gain or lose by waiting.New academic research suggests one way entrepreneurs can __57__whether they should enter a market first or wait on the sidelines. The decision depends on how hostile ( 不利的) the learning environment is; __58__, how much entrepreneurs can learn by observing other players before they __59__, compared to what they learn from participating after they enter, according toMoren Levesque, an entrepreneurship researcher at the University of Waterloo. Levesque, along with professors Maria Minniti of Southern Methodist University and Dean Shepherd of Indiana University, used a mathematical __60__ to weigh the risks and benefits of entering the market early. Their research is among the first to explore ― how different learning environments may influence the ent ry behavior of entrepreneurs.‖The key tothe academics’ findings on timing is this: In a hostile learning environment, entrepreneurs gain relatively __61__ benefit by watching others. For example, if the relevant knowledge is __62__intellectual property, studying the market before entering wouldn’t yield much advantage. In these situations, the trade-off ( 权衡利弊) __63__ entering early. But in less hostile learning environments, where entrepreneurs gain valuable information __64__to increase their success just by watching other companies, companies benefit from waiting and learning lessons from earlier players. IContact’s successors, for example, may have learned from watching the company’s trouble in getting mobile networks to distribute their software, a b arrier that was __65__ by the iPhone’s app store.51.A. Otherwise B. Moreover C.However D. Therefore52.A. pay in B. pay back C. pay for D. pay off53.A. custom B. wisdom C. habit D. experience54.A. completely B. confusingly C. constantly D. increasingly55.A. impossible B. possible C. potential D. manageable56.A. imagine B. interpret C. weigh D. measure57. A. value B. evaluate C. ensure D. convince58.A. after all B. as a result C.in other words D.in addition59.A. launch B. campaign C. strike D. function60. A. version B. pattern C. example D. model61.A. few B. many C. little D. much62.A. provided B. protected C. shared D. improved63.A. favors B. dislikes C. opposes D. concerns64.A. unlikely B. likely C. unbelievable D. questionable65.A. lowered B. created C. resolved D. removed。

上海市黄浦区2017届高三上学期教学质量检测一模英语试题及答案word版.doc

黄浦区2016-2017学年第一学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2016.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and th e questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Six years ago. B. Nine years ago.C. Eight years ago.D. Seven years ago.2. A. See a film with the woman. B. Attend a charity show.C. Get ready for a charity show.D. Make a new movie.3. A. She is going to be the man’s neighbor. B. She has just moved into a new house.C. She is arranging a family trip.D. She arrived in Canada yesterday.4. A. How to pay the registration fee. B. Why to use a credit card.C. When to send a cheque.D. Where to pay cash.5. A. Film stars. B. Radio hosts. C. Pop singers. D. Composers.6. A. He drove her to the airport. B. He followed her to the airport.C. He bought her a map of the airport.D. He lined out the route to the airport on a map.7. A. The man should apply for a bank loan.B. The man should work in a bank to get money.C. The man should turn to someone available for help.D. The man should take other students’ approaches.8. A. Both the tennis courts and the table tennis tables are free.B. Neither of the tennis courts and table tennis tables are free.C. The table tennis tables are free, but the tennis courts are not.D. The tennis courts are free, but the table tennis tables are not.9. A. In a factory. B. In a school. C. In a gym. D. In a lab.10. A. A stationer’s. B. A paint shop. C. A bookstore. D. A drawing class.Section BDirections：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. Thepassages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To arouse people’s interest in pop music.B. To provide more information about the music.C. To have it lined with the main building.D. To display a separate and different section.12. A. It once experienced serious damage. B. Its rebuilding was an easy job.C. It is owned by a rich family.D. It opens for 362 days every year.13. A. Museum visitors. B. Government workers.C. Music authors.D. Individual donators.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following conversation.14. A. 4:00 p.m. in the classroom. B. 7:00 p.m. in the classroom.C. 4:00 p.m. in the garden.D. 7:00 p.m. in the garden.15. A. He has classes at that time. B. He is travelling abroad.C. He doesn’t like barbeque.D. He hasn’t prepared a gift.16. A. A watch. B. A card. C. A ball. D. A headphone. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The tickets have to be booked in advance. B. It will be performed at 6 p.m.C. There will be two performances.D. It will be on at the theatre.18. A. The Piazza. B. The Concert Hall. C. The theatre. D. The Town Hall.19. A. $8. B. $10. C. $15. D. $20.20. A. Art Exhibition. B. Ballet Performance. C. Mask Party. D. Living Theatre.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Infant Day Care, Good or Bad?The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may influence a child’s personality and lead to emotional problems in later life. Some peopl e have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work (21) _________ children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _________ involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _________ such a strong conclusion.Firstly, experts point out that the isolated love affair between children and parents (24) _________ (find) in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone –far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today (25) _________ parents and care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have regularly reported thatday care had a slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests (26) ________ have been used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult (27) _________ (deal) with. Children under three are likely to protest at (28) _________ (leave) their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence (30) _________ (indicate) early care is reasonable for infants.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.First Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature foradditional indications of circulation problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Animal RightsEvery conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated, and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___ beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties” in order to be extended moral consideration. ___43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice ─ treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights ___45 ___? It is because we humans often act as though we are the only beings on the planet. Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46___ animals. We domesticate them and use them for food, even though our nutritional needs can be completely supplied by a(n) ___47___ diet. Although other materials are available, we use animal’s skin and other body parts for clothing, furs, hats, boots, jew ellery and even pet toys. Humans can talk about it but animals cannot. All animals wish to experience life in its fullness. Unlike many animals who have to kill to survive, humans do not. Why should humans cause ___48___ to other beings when it’s not neces sary?As we do, animals protect their children; they feel fear; they warn each other of dangers; they play. We might differ from other animals in some ways, but that doesn’t give us the right to ___49___ them down, take their lands, pollute their waters, or use them for our conveniences. Animals also experience pain and it’s not difficult to observe ___50___ of pain in the way a conscious being reacts to it. We take advantage, cause distress, and act ___51___ when we use animals for amusement. Lots of pets are ___52___ on the streets when their owners no longer find it convenient or affordable to keep or care for them.Whether we admit it or not, it’s a prejudice to think we are ___53___ to animals and that it is our right to control them, which can only make people act mean, hateful or neglectful. However, each of us has within us the power to ___54___. We can adopt a different attitude, one that reshape our destiny. This will have wonderful effects on the planet’s other communities, for life is ___55___ avoiding suffering. It is interacting, singing, pursuing joy. We humans can learn to live responsibly, with respect, kindness and love.41. A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers42. A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange43. A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise44. A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors45. A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary46. A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise47. A. animal-free B. eco-friendly C. low-salt D. well-balanced48. A. conflict B. confusion C. isolation D. misery49. A. calm B. chase C. pull D. tear50. A. signs B. symbols C. symptoms D. performances51. A. differently B. enthusiastically C. gently D. unfairly52. A. abandoned B. chosen C. oppressed D. spoiled53. A. accessible B. appealing C. reasonable D. superior54. A. change B. dominate C. persist D. proceed55. A. contrary to B. more than C. owing to D. rather thanSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)①Did English football finally find a new star? At the age of 19, Theo Walcott came onto the scene by scoring a hat-trick for England in a 4-1 victory over Croatia in 2010 World Cup.②Walcott’s lightning speed and accurate shooting turned the teenager into an overnight star. Many thought he was a new dawn for the England team. He was building his fame for his fast pace, with former Barcelona manager Pep declaring that “you would need a gun to stop him.” FI FA World Player of the Year winner Lionel Messi once also described Walcott as “one of the most dangerous players I have ever played against.” In addition to his speed, Walcott also possessed good balance, movement and technique.③It was symbolic that Walcott’s goals came from the right-wing. The position had been played by “golden boy” David Beckham for more than 10 years. No longer were the cheers for Beckham. The fans’ hopes now rested on the shoulders of Walcott.④Walcott was born in London to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father’s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols.⑤The teenage r’s rise to fame was not completely out of blue. He was part of England’s World Cup team in 2006, but he did not get to play a match. He also spent over two years at Arsenal, where he was fast becoming a key player.⑥But that year, few were expecting the wonderful performance between England and Croatia. The teenager was the first England player to score three goals in a game since Michael Owen did so seven years before.⑦Although England was full of superstars, they had a poor record in major tournaments. But things were beginning to change. The win against Croatia was sweet revenge. Croatia was the team which knocked England out of Euro 2008.⑧Walcott’s wonderful performance lighted England fans’ hope for World Cup victory in South Africa in 2010, since England had not lifted the cup since 1966.⑨But before England fans got too carried away, our reflection on the past history told us that placing a country’s hopes on one teenager was dangerous.56. Which of the following CANNOT account for Walcott’s increa sing fame?A. Fast speed.B. Masterly skills.C. Positional sense.D. Unusual family.57. Why did the author mention David Beckham in the 3rd paragraph?A. To show that England football once had a glorious history.B. To illustrate that Walcot t could be entitled “golden boy”.C. To indicate that England fans were difficult to please.D. To imply that people had high expectation on Walcott.58. In the 5th paragraph, the underlined phrase “out of blue” most probably means “________”.A. impoliteB. unexpectedC. impossibleD. unintentional59. What is the author most likely to agree with?A. Walcott might not live up to fans’ expectation.B. Walcott might transfer from Arsenal to Liverpool.C. Croatia might change the history of the World Cup.D. England might be defeated by the opponent in the next round.(B)✓OverviewExplore Stewart Island and the surrounding bays in our modern mini-buses. Our guides enjoy sharing their local knowledge of the history and environment of Stewart Island. Highlights include Lee Bay, the gateway to Rakiura National Park, beautiful Horseshoe Bay and amazing views of✧♦Departure location: Oban Visitor Centre.♦What to bring: Comfortable walking shoes or boots, waterproof jacket, warm sweater or fleece jacket, sunscreen or sunglasses, insect repellent and camera.♦Car parking: Vehicle parking is available at Oban (extra cost—reservations recommended).♦Wheelchair access: Available.♦Children ticket: Children under ten go free for travel as long as they are accompanied by an adult.✧Reviews♦“There was so much to see and learn that it was hard to take everything in. The bays we stopped at were beautiful with golden sandy beaches, the forests were overpoweringand we expected dinosaurs to appear at any time, the views from lookout point weresplendid and the anchor point with Bluff brought a smile. Thank you to Chris and theexperienced team for such an informative tour.”Ron P♦“Any visitor to Stewart Island could do no better than take one of the guided tours from the Oban Visitor Centre—especially if you only have limited time available. We hadthe delightful and extremely informative Kylie conduct a small number on one of thevillage tours. This is a beautiful place—a few fascinating shops and restaurants,wonderful walks and warm and friendly people.”Michael Mason ♦“I love findin g out about places and the guide was full of information and stories as we visited every interesting place and view in Oban (it didn’t take too long...). A great wayto start a visit as it helps you know where everything is.”Kiwieric60. If a traveler plans to leave a car at Oban, he had better ________.A. refer to the guides firstB. use wheelchair accessC. make a reservationD. walk to the center in advance61. Herry, a six-year-old boy, wanted to have a sightseeing of the Stewart Island with his parents.How much should they pay for the mini-bus tour?A. $135.B. $90.C. $ 45.D. Free.62. If a traveler takes the guided tour, he can experience all the following EXCEPT ________.A. breath-taking sceneryB. charming walksC. dinosaur samplesD. detailed tour guide(C)①What does it say about the future of meat when the country’s largest processor of chicken, pork, and beef buys a stake(股份) in a start-up that aims to “perfectly replace animal protein with plant protein”?②Tyson Foods announced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat, the Southern California-based food-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reportedly cooks and tastes like real beef.③To be sure, Beyond Meat’s meatless creations have yet to take the country by storm. Although the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty of positive press since they appeared for the first time in May, so far they’re only available at Whole Foods stores in seven states. Even though the company’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frozen dinners are available nationwide, Beyond Meat is hardly a household name.④That may be what makes the news of Tyson’s investment all the more noteworthy. While the two companies declined to give details about the deal, it’s doubtful that Tyson’s 5 percent stake made much of dent(凹陷) in the meat giant’s coffers(金库). The company posted $41.4 billion in sales last year; prior to the deal with Tyson, Beyond Meat had reportedly raised $64 million in project capital funding—about what Tyson earns before lunch on any given day.⑤Tyson is doing pretty great. The company reported record third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects overall meat production to increase 2 to 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big oil company shelling out cash to invest in wind power, Tyson’s toe-in-the-water move to team up with a start-up devoted to bringing more plant-based protein toAmerican dinner tables seems to suggest the meat industry is starting to see which way the winds are blowing.⑥Sales of plant-based protein, which totaled an estimated $5 billion last year, continue to pale compared with the market for meat in America—but vegetarian alternatives to meat are booming, with sales growing at more than double the rate for food products overall. The steady drumbeat of news about the negative health impacts, environmental problems, and animal welfare concerns associated with meat consumption appears to be sinking in. According to a survey released in April, more than half of Americans surveyed said they plan to eat more plant-based foods in the coming year.63. Beyond Meat’s veggie burger made headlines probably because __________.A. it makes perfect use of animal proteinB. it uses high tech in the making processC. it tastes as good as a genuine beef burgerD. it represents the diet trend in South California64. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of Beyond Meat?A. It is the creator of the country’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.B. It has been well received as its products are available nationwide.C. It is far from being a match to real food processing giants like Tyson.D. It provides high-quality dining experience in selected Whole Foods stores.65. What can we infer from paragraph 4?A. The purchase of the stake barely costs a thing for Tyson.B. The 5 percent stake in Beyond Meat means a lot to Tyson.C. Tyson’s investment hasn’t caught the attention of the media as expected.D. Tyson is relying on this investment to raise more project capital funding.66. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Meat will still take over the market in spite of other alternatives.B. A major American meat company is betting on plant-based protein.C. Tyson and Beyond Meat work together to build a global meat giant.D. Plants have been found to contain protein that does more good to human beings.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Would You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___ This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind our assumed parked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you will consciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortable engaging with A Vs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Super Size MeFast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day? Would it seriously damage your health? These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Me.The main ba sis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to eat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing” refers to the fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and a great deal of salt and sugar in each meal—much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in his body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringinghis total weight to a massive 98kg.Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ’Next time I’m not going to “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all.I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.’” Food for thought indeed.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这款手表不防水。

2017年上海英语高三一模完形填空全解析-翻译、单词、详解

2017年上海英语高三一模完形填空全解析-翻译、单词、详解2017年高三英语一模汇编——完形填空One宝山区III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrases markedA, B, CandD. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anxiety disorders-- defined by extreme fear, restlessness,and muscle tension --are carefully considering, disabling, and can increase the risk for _____41_____and self-murder. They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, _____42_____around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US $42billion each year.焦虑症-----被定义为极度恐惧、不安和肌肉紧张，正在小心地重视，禁止，它增加了（41 ）和自杀的风险。

他们是世界上最普通的精神健康问题。

每一百人中有四人会受它的（42 ），每年要花费健康关心系统（卫生保健系统）和就业者近42亿美金。

anxiety 英[za??ti] n.焦虑，忧虑;disorder英[d?s??:d?(r)] n.混乱，凌乱;（身心机能的）失调使混乱，使凌乱The emergency room was in disorder 急诊室里一片混乱。

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2016-2017学年高三一模二模商务类完型填空专项训练2017年一模杨浦区完型填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Security guard, truck driver, salesperson – year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job __41__ – unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement – these three jobs __42__ for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, but just how much conversation we require is under __43__. In one study, researchers overheard undergraduates for four days and then __44__ each conversation as either “small talk” (“What do you have there? Pop corn? Yummy!”) or “serious” (“Did they break up soon after?”). They found that the second type is connected with happiness –the happiest students had roughly twice as many “serious” talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, __45__ only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don’t just consider small talk __46__ yet. Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could __47__ our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn’t.Small talk can also help us feel connected to our __48__. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and __49__ spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡师）reported a greater sense of __50__ than those who rushed through the transaction（交易）. __51__, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallery-goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than those who were not __52__.Of course, some of us are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation __53__ on their own. People who were considered “curious”, meanwhile, needed no help __54__ conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A “curious mindset,” the researchers concluded, can lead to “positive social __55__.”Therefore, go ahead –small talk needn’t be idle, and nosiness isn’t all bad.41. A. rewarding B. depressing C. exhausting D. challenging42. A. stand out B. turn up C. give off D. put forward43. A. negotiation B. construction C. investigation D. examination44. A. divided B. entitled C. imposed D. cataloged45. A. figured out B. made up C. took over D. added to46. A. worthless B. essential C. boring D. ridiculous47. A. occupy B. satisfy C. brighten D. spoil48. A. emotions B. heart C. customers D. surroundings49. A. purposefully B. briefly C. continuously D. generally50. A. responsibility B. security C. belonging D. achievement51. A. Consequently B. Oppositely C. Unexpectedly D. Similarly52. A. approached B. attached C. addressed D. attended53. A. breaking B. pausing C. rolling D. stopping54. A. evolving B. substituting C. adapting D. transforming55. A. interaction B. standard C. impact D. involvementKeys:41-55 B A C D B A C D B C D A C D A重点词汇：overhear 无意中听到idle 闲置的；懒散的figure out 计算出；弄明白look over 检查；查看give off 发光；发热put forward 提出建议/意见worthless = valueless 不值钱的invaluable= priceless 无价之宝的2017一模金山区完形填空A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in our business world. It makesquick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances mustbe seized immediately and decisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gatherinformation within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a 48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests 52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that. But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerous D. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solution D. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptance D. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timely D. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. decline D. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passion D. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. project D. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increased D. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissed D. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyes D. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn down D. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thought D. ExplorationKey: 41-45 CAABD 46-50 DDAAC 51-55 BDDBC2017年二模黄浦区完形填空III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Nec essarily Considered BetterThe firm, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age: that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its compu ter and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy __41__. Its fortunes started to __42__ with a series of expensive and much criticized purchases. By 2012 it had lost its position as the worl d’s leadingsupplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic __43__ was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggresive__44__.“I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterp rise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n) __45__ set of objectives and business outcomes... I can already see the difference.” Ms Whitmann, who now heads the new spin-off, Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already __46__ her performance. “One big change is it__47__ each of the divisions to purs ue the strategy that is right for them. __48__ , there is ‘no way’ printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to buy Samsung’s printing business for $1bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not __49__ by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” Ms Whitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s __50__ HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems __51__. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much smaller start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that __52__ equals success is being challenged. __53__ in 2014, eBay carved PayPal, the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says “Whether Uber, Airbnb, those same lessons __54__, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely __55__.”41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D. threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesomeKey：CADBC BABAD CDCAD较难词汇：declinev. 谢绝，婉言拒绝vi/n. 减少，下降；衰退splitvt.分裂;劈开,裂开n.划分;分歧;裂缝;劈叉adj.裂开的，劈开的，分离的，分裂的split sth into sth; split sth with sbhold back 阻止2017年二模浦东区完形填空III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Have We Reached Peak Trade?Globalization is usually defin ed as the free movement of people, goods and capital. It’s been the most important ___41___ force of modernity. Until the financial crisis of 2008, global trade grew twice as fast as theglobal economy itself. ___42___, thanks to both economics and politics, globalization as we have known it is developing fast.The question is: Have we reached peak trade? If you think of it in terms of the flow of digital data and ideas, no —it’s actually ___43___.” Indeed, the cross-border flow of digital data — e-commerce, web searches, online video, machine-to-machine interactions — has grown 45 times larger since 2005 and is ___44___ to grow much faster than the global economy over the next few years.There’s no doubt globalization has increased wealth at both global an d national levels. But free trade can also widen the ___45___ gap within countries, in part by creating concentrated groups of economic losers. Free trade has made goods and services cheaper for Americans —think of all the inexpensive Chinese-made goods at Walmart —but it hasn’t always ___46___ their job prospects. From1990 to 2008, the areas most ___47___ to foreign competition saw almost no net new jobs created. That’s one reason the new generation of Americans is on track to be ___48___ than their parents.The gains of free trade do not always ___49___ the losses. This realization that the tide of ___50___ doesn’t raise all boats has fed into the anti-free trade movement. And companies themselves are ___51___ globalization.Nevertheless, there is one reason to be ___52___ about the future of globalization —at least, the new information-based kind. McKinsey data estimate that the companies responsible for the jump in flows of digital goods, services and information will include a much higher proportion of small businesses than in the past. An estimated 86% of tech-based startups surveyed by McKinsey now do some cross-border business —___53___ before the arrival of the Internet, when globalization was dominated by super powers. That means that more of the wealth generated by globalization could flow down to the 80% of the population that hasn’t ___54___ as much as it should have.If those individuals feel they are being empowered by open borders and freer trade, it could help swing the political pendulum(钟摆) back toward globalization in some form. Despite its laws, it has been an economic force that has lifted more people out of ___55___ than anything else the world has ever known.41.A. political B. cultural C. economic D. natural42.A. Otherwise B. Hence C. Moreover D. Yet43.A. depressing B. increasing C. approving D. operating44.A. projected B. tracked C. signaled D. needed45.A. price B. welfare C. pension D. wealth46.A. ruined B. helped C. foreseen D. reversed47.A. resistant B. suited C. exposed D. inaccessible48.A. happier B. healthier C. wealthier D. poorer49.A. outweigh B. balance C. suffer D. substitute50.A. materialism B. modernization C. globalization D. consumption51.A. withdrawing from B. counting on C. profiting from D. insisting on52.A. confused B. concerned C. optimistic D. curious53.A. adaptable B. accessible C. affordable D. impossible54.A. striven B. consumed C. benefited D. digested55.A. fear B. poverty C. frustration D. embarrassmentKeys：41—45 C D B A D46—50 B C D A C51—55 A C D C B词汇：depress vt. 使沮丧；使（经济）不景气approve v 批准；赞成project n 项目；工程；计划v 计划；放映，投射；突出track v 跟踪，追踪n 轨道，跑道，踪迹signal n 信号v （发信号）通知，表示welfare n 福利pension n 养老金退休金，抚恤金reverse v逆转，n 相反adj 相反的，颠倒的resistant adj 抵抗的，反抗的outweigh v 比…重要，比…有价值substitute v 代替n 代替者，代替品materialism n 唯物主义；物质主义withdraw vi 撤退，vt 撤回strive v 努力，奋斗consume v 消耗；吃喝；毁灭poverty n 贫困frustration n 挫折，失败。