考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解系列—2014年阅读Text 1(上)

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2014年考研英语一真题完整版答案解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress andprovides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.　1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook 6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures 7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion 9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature 11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However 12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of 13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around 14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace 17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on 18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take 20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar 答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB答案解析：1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

14年英一text1单词

14年英一text1单词1、passage ['pæsɪdʒ] n. 通道；走廊；通过；经过2、dense [dens] a. 密集的；浓厚的3、statistics [stə'tɪksɪtɪks] n. 统计数据；统计学4、employment [ɪm'plɔɪmənt] n. 雇佣；就业5、modernization [mədənə'zeɪʃən] n. 现代化6、mixture ['mɪksɪtʃər] n. 混合物；混合7、reliable [rɪ'laɪəbl] a. 可信赖的；可靠的8、relevant ['reləvənt] a. 相关的；切题的9、alarm [ə'lɑːrm] n. 警报；惊恐；警告10、variable ['veəriəbl] a. 易变的；多变的11、prediction [prɪ'dɪkʃn] n. 预测；预言12、pattern ['pætərn] n. 模式；图案13、formula ['fɔːrmjələ] n. 公式；配方14、crucial ['krʊʃəl] a. 至关重要的；决定性的15、essential [ɪ'senʃəl] a. 必要的；本质的16、statistician [stə'tɪksɪ'æn] n. 统计学家17、mathematician [ˌmæθəˈmætɪkən] n. 数学家18、formulaic [fɔːrmjəlɪ'æk] a. 公式化的；刻板的19、dense population 高密度人口20、reliable data 可靠的数据21、relevant information 相关信息22、crucial factor 关键因素23、essential feature 重要特性24、mathematician’s work 数学家的工作25、formulaic language 公式化的语言26、statistical data 统计数据27、employment rate 就业率28、modernization process 现代化进程29、mixture of gases 气体混合物30、reliable source 可信来源。

2014年考研英语一真题及答案

2014年考研英语一真题及答案2014年考研英语一真题及答案可以为考生提供有效的备考参考材料和指导。

以下是2014年考研英语一真题及答案。

希望对考生备考有所帮助。

Part A Text 1Just a few years ago, the news that a Californian fruit-packing company was turning awayjob seekers who had not mastered basic math sparked a national debate. How could a high school diploma,or even a college degree, not ensure a worker’s competence in arithmetic?The answer is simple: American education is in a sorry state of affairs. In 2012, the Organisationfor Economic Cooperation and Development administered basic math and literacy tests to thousands ofadults in 24 countries. The United States ranked second to last in math. More than 20 percent of the USadults scored at the lowest level on the test, compared with only 9 percent of adults in Japan and 5 percentin Finland.The state of American education did not happen by chance, nor is it an isolated problem. Fromhistoric underfunding to today’s emphasis on hard skills over critical thinking, the United States haslong failed to prioritize education. If we want to keep pace with international competitors and prepareour students for 21st-century careers, we must finally start investing in education.In the years following World War II, the United States dominated the world economy. Americanswere well educated and the states and federalgovernment invested heavily in expanding access toeducation. But as the United States began losing its competitive edge, factors including changingdemographics, the economy, and technological advances prompted officials to pull back on governmen\tfunding for education.The implications of that disinvestment are clear. The US high school dropout rate remains high,at around 17 percent, and has shown little improvement in recent years. College is even less accessible.Plus, the cost of going to college has skyrocketed, putting it out of reach for many low-income students,at least without burdening themselves with massive debt. As a result, American workers lag behindtheir global peers in the skills that are increasingly demanded in today’s economy.So how can we fix our education system? The answer is complex, and there is no one-size-fitsall solution. However, there are several key areas that need to be addressed if we want to makeprogress.First and foremost, we must invest more money in education. Money alone will not solve theproblem, but it is certainly a necessary starting point. Adequate funding is needed to attract and retainhigh-quality teachers, provide modern resources and infrastructure, and support innovative programs.High-performing countries, such as Finland and South Korea, understand this and consistently investheavily in education.Secondly, we must shift our focus from standardized testing to a more well-rounded approachto education. Standardized tests have their place, but they should not be the sole measure of a student’sability or a teacher’s effectiveness. We need to foster critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solvingskills, rather than teaching to the test.Additionally, it is crucial that we improve the professional development and support provided toteachers. Teachers are the backbone of our education system, and they need ongoing training and supportto stay effective in the classroom. Investing in teachers means investing in our students.Finally, we must address the disparities in education that exist among different regions and socioeconomic groups. Education should not be a privilege reserved for the wealthy or those lucky enoughto live in well-funded school districts. Every child, no matter their background, deserves access to ahigh-quality education.In conclusion, the state of American education is in dire need of improvement. It is time for usto recognize the significance of education and invest in its future. By putting money towards education,shifting our focus to a more well-rounded approach, supporting and training our teachers, and ensuringequal access to education for all students, we can begin to turn the tide and provide our students withthe skills they need to succeed in the 21st century.Part A Text 1 Source: Adapted from The New York Times, September 13, 2014Part A Text 1 Questions:1. Why were fruit-packing companies turning away job applicants a few years ago?2. What does the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development study revealabout the competence of American adults in basic math and literacy?3. What is the main reason for the sorry state of American education according to the text?4. What consequences does the disinvestment in education in the United States bring about?5. What does the author suggest about how to improve the current education system in theUnited States?Part A Text 1 Answers:1. A Californian fruit-packing company was turning away job seekers who had not mastered basicmath because American education is in a sorry state and workers lack competence in arithmetic.2. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development study reveals that the UnitedStates ranked second to last in math and more than 20 percent of American adults scored at thelowest level in the basic math and literacy tests.3. The main reason for the sorry state of American education is a historic underfunding of and the lackof priority given to education in the United States.4. The consequences of disinvestment in education in the United States include a high high schooldropout rate, limited access to college, and American workers lagging behind their global peers inthe skills demanded in today’s economy.5. The author suggests that the education system in the United States can be improved by investingmore money in education, shifting focus fromstandardized testing to a more well-rounded approach,supporting and training teachers, and ensuring equal access to education for all students.。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语一)真题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）真题及答案Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text .Choose the word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly can’t remember ___we put the keys just a moment ago ,or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love .As the brain ___,we refer to these occurrences an “senior moments.” ___ seemingly innocent , this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) ___impact on our professional, social , and personal___.Neuroscientists ,experts who study the nervous system ,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done .It ___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ,and the right mental ___can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___.Thinking is ___essentially a ___of making connections in the brain .To a certain extent ,our ability to ___in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability to ___in making the connections are made through effort and practice ,___,because these connections are made through effort and practice , scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___ mental effort .Now , a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___and developed the first “ brain training program ” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___.The Web-based program ___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps ___of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___ your performance and improvement .Most importantly, it ___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___ on the strengths you are developing - much like a(n) ___ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use .1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obsucure5. [A]wellbeing [B]envirenment [C]relationahip [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]cicumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection 2 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency." George Osbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, inroduced the "upfront work search" sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "There first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he4 claimed, "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Rellay? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcenter with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always : a job.But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into depency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" is about redefining rhe unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborue’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase “to sign on “most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restriction on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance form the government.[D]to attend a government job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged[C]insulted[D]guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession -with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis spending on legal services in America grew twice as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big -firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costlt nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawer in most American states a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $1000,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership syucture of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing there legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients.[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms.[D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and causes.[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American.[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The USS3-millon Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in Mach And it is far from the only one of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed. The breakthrough prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investments[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists[B]the founders of the new awards[C]the achievement-based system[D]peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]contreversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute[C]They are the most representative honor[D]History has never cast doubt on them35.the author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism[B]harmful to the culture of research[C]subject to undesirable changes[D]unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter, ”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS)， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the critics facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent liners to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal, atste and local”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives. As well ad prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls fornicated investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challengers of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2% years in the making,“ The heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter, the illiberal nature of library education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences an vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free markets and self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectualinvestigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggest[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.40. Which of the following would would be the best title for text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable-for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city ‘s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. the resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.[E] Te find their sites ,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques ,Airborne technologies ,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carriedby airplanes or spacecraft , allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging , Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such an ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites , however , are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them .Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites . Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before be located the tomb in 1922 .In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens ,Greece He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC .Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos), on the island of Crete , in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful .Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking , looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery ,They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape .Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar ,magnetic-field recording ,and metal detectors . Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites .Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations , illustrating how sites look , and presenting the results of archaeological research.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and them translate the underlined segments into Chinese .Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailingconventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section 3 WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)参考答案：1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。

2014考研英语一真题阅读解析

2014考研英语一真题阅读解析36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant首先通过关键词AAAS定位于第一段，'The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.虽然前面出现了paise这样的偏饱义的词汇，如果同学不认真看后面的内容，很有可能会分析错误。

这道目要重点定位在转折词however之后的内容，大家重点关注regrettably , failure to address 以及cause more harm这些词汇。

不难得出critical这样的正确答案。

<原文>'The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state andlocal governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences, with Duke University President Richard Brodhead and retired Exelon CEO John Rowe as co-chairmen. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.One of the more novel ideas in the report is the creation of a "Culture Corps" in cities and town across America to "transmit humanistic and social scientific expertise from one generation to the next."Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart ofthe Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for disseminating "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets, self-reliance and a distrust of central planning—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] re tain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph S that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education考研答案栏目推荐链接：2014全国研究生考试政治真题及答案。

考研英语真题单词-2014(英一)

2014（一）完形 - 记忆⼒力力锻炼 Part1 单词1、occurrence n.发⽣生的事2、innocent a.⽆无害的innocence n.⽆无辜3、recover v.恢复4、only 可表转折5、uneven a.不不平坦的；不不平均的，不不⼀一致的6、wellbeing n.福祉，幸福7、roundabout n.交通环岛；迂回8、genre n.种类9、simultaneously ad.同时地10、sharpness n.敏敏锐度11、ideal a.理理想idle a.闲散的；⽆无⽤用的Part2 短语1、it turns out that ... 事实证明是...⼈人+ figure outpoint outfind out2、work out - workouts 锻炼3、feature in ... 是...的特⾊色；起...重要作⽤用4、apart from 除了了...以外5、take sth. a step further 采取更更进⼀一步的⾏行行动6、carry on（conversation / business）继续做；进⾏行行、举⾏行行、经营put on 穿上；增加(体重)；演出(戏剧)；装作build up 将...继续推进take on 呈现，承担Text 1 - 福利利新政Part1 单词1、brutal a.残忍的2、exchequer n.英国财政部3、upfront a.预先的，预付的4、eligible a.有资格的5、claimant n.申请⼈人6、apparent 似乎7、purpose n.⽬目标8、uneasy a.不不安的insulted a.受辱的9、principle n.强制的10、falsehood n.虚伪11、ever-tougher a.⽇日益严厉的12、consent n.许可Part2 短语1、the Chancellor 财政⼤大⾂臣2、only if ... 必要条件，只有...才if only ... 只要...就3、be eligible for 有资格的；符合...条件的4、benefit claimant 救济⾦金金申请⼈人5、look to sth. 指望6、sign on 登记失业，领取救济⾦金金7、skip down 蹦蹦跳跳8、be excluded from 被排除在外9、delighted at the prospect of ... 因...的憧憬⽽而兴奋10、as though 好像11、conditional on 以...为条件12、the very + n. 本身正是有⼒力力说明Text 2 - 美国律律师 Part1 单词1、guide n.协会2、pile v.蜂拥3、nuisance n.妨碍公共利利益的⾏行行为4、filer n.诉讼律律师5、tort n.⺠民事侵权⾏行行为torture v.折磨6、fearsomely ad.⾮非常可怕的7、stern a.严格的8、rigid a.死板的radical a.根本的；基本的；激进的9、liberalize v.使⾃自由化Part2 短语1、pile into 涌⼊入2、nuisance-lawsuit filer 妨害案件诉讼律律师3、on top of ... 除...之外；紧接着，熟练掌握4、the bar exam 律律师资格考试5、sit（for）+考试sit：[僻]参加考试Text 3 - 科学新奖 Part1 单词1、lucrative a.利利润丰厚的，赚⼤大钱的2、upstart a.暴暴富的3、lone a.独⾃自的4、cement v.加强5、nature n.性质6、distribute v.分散7、row n.争议8、boson n.玻⾊色⼦子9、endure v.忍受endurance n.持久10、mechanism n.机制11、omit v.省略略12、scattered a.分散的13、outgrow v.⻓长得太⼤大不不适⽤用Part2 短语1、a handful of ⼏几个，少数2、status quo 现状3、What’s not to like ？⼝口语，⾮非常招⼈人喜欢4、take a ... view of sth. 以...眼光看5、when it comes to 当提及...时6、as much as 句句⾸首，表示让步7、do sth. as one please 随某⼈人的意做事Text 4 - ⾮非⼈人⽂文教育Part1 单词1、affirm v.肯定2、humanities n.⼈人⽂文学科(如⽂文学、语⾔言、历史、哲学等)3、democracy n.⺠民主;⺠民主政治;⺠民主制度4、liberal a.⾃自由主义的(政治上⽀支持个⼈人⾃自由、⾃自由贸易易和适度的政治和社会改⾰革);⽂文科教的5、address v.提出;提交(⼝口头或书⾯面的报告)以引起......的注意6、congressional a.(美国)国会的7、foundation n.(⽤用基⾦金金建⽴立的)机构(如学院或医院)8、benefactor n.施惠者;捐助⼈人9、excellence n.优秀;卓越;杰出10、scholarship n.学术研究;学术成就; 学问11、prominent a.杰出的;卓越的12、informed a.有学识的;有知识的13、citizenry n.公⺠民:市⺠民14、literacy n.读写能⼒力力15、craft n.精⼼心制作16、coherentadj a.(指看法、思想、⾔言语、推理理等)有条理理的17、curriculum n.(全部的)课程18、advocate v.拥护;提倡;⽀支持19、illiberal a.缺乏⽂文化素养的;粗鄙的20、inquiry v.询问;疑问21、publicize v.引起公众对(某物)的注意;宣传22、progressive v.崇尚(推进)变⾰革(或⾰革新)的23、left-liberal a.左倾⾃自由主义的24、propaganda n.(尤指偏狭误导的) 宣传;谣⾔言25、routinely ad.例例⾏行行公事地;惯例例地; 惯常地26、portray v.描述;描写27、legitimate a.正当的;合理理的28、intellectual a.要动脑的;智⼒力力的29、enthusiasm n.热情;热忱30、obscure v.使......不不分明;遮掩31、illuminate v.阐明;澄清Part2 短语1、top tier 顶层;⾼高层2、call for 呼吁;要求3、bring to bear 运⽤用;应⽤用4、be deprived of 缺乏......5、set back 阻碍;妨碍6、more harm than good 弊⼤大于利利7、international affairs 国际事务新题型 - 国际世界历史计划 Part1 单词1、archaeological a.考古学的2、hominid n.原始⼈人类3、literally ad.按照字⾯面意义地4、artifact n.⼈人⼯工制品5、map v.在地图上标示；绘制…的图6、ornate a.华丽的7、vast a.⼴广阔的8、ceremonial a.仪式的9、excavation n.挖掘10、beneath prep.在…下⽅方；在…底下11、tomb n.坟墓12、sift v.筛13、rubble n.碎⽯石14、comb v.梳理理15、antique a.古⽼老老的16、eventually ad.最后17、pinpoint v.精确地对准…的位置；准确地确定…的位置18、pottery n.陶器器19、magnetic a.有吸引⼒力力的Part2 短语1、come to light 重⻅见天⽇日2、make test excavations on 在...上进⾏行行测试挖掘3、beneath the ground 地下4、set out to 出发去翻译 - ⻉贝多芬与勇⽓气的品格 Part1 单词1、metaphysical a.形⽽而上学的2、exclusively ad.唯⼀一地3、physical a.物理理的4、articulate v.流利利连贯地表达5、hitherto ad.迄今为⽌止6、restrain v.抑制7、dynamic n.动⼒力力8、political a.政治的9、imperative a.必要的10、plague v.折磨Part2 短语1、in any case ⽆无论如何2、by all accounts 据⼤大家所说3、let alone 更更不不⽤用说⼩小作⽂文 - 建议信范文Dear PresidentI am a senior from this university majoring in Physical Education and today, I am writing for the purpose of suggesting how to improve students' physical condition.Compared with before, a host of students spend more time on computers, cell phones or Pads, but their time for physical exercise get less. Thus, it is advisable for our university to adopt measures to reverse this trend. Firstly, Students' Union should hold beneficial activities to advocate and encourage youngsters to participate in physical exercises. Secondly, it is of vital necessity for our university to upgrade its athletic facilities for students' convenience.We are much grateful for the wholesome atmosphere of study provided by our university and I am convinced that with these measures, students physical condition will get better.Yours sincerelyLi Ming译：亲爱的校⻓长我是这所⼤大学体育专业的⼤大四学⽣生，今天，我写作的⽬目的是建议如何改善学⽣生的身体状况。

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案

2014 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not whatthey used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance'sname, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "seniormoments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on ourprofessional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lotthat can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the rightmental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections inthe brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 ,because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expandand fluctuate 12 mental effort.39Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program"designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The programkeeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Mostimportantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--muchlike a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]according to[B]regardless of[C]apart from[D]instead of13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A] to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB答案解析：1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

2014考研英语一text1

【导言】2014年考研英语一text1是一篇议论文，主要讨论了人们对待未来的态度和应对未来挑战的方法。

文章结构清晰，观点明确，层次分明。

以下将结合文章的主题和内容进行分析与讨论。

【正文】1.文章主题：关于未来挑战的态度和应对方法2.文章结构：2.1 第一段：概述部分，语气严谨，提出讨论的主题，介绍了未来带来的挑战和人们对未来的态度。

2.2 第二段至第四段：作者阐述了人们对未来的不同态度，包括积极乐观和悲观消极的态度，并提出了这些态度背后的原因。

2.3 第五段至第七段：讨论了应对未来挑战的方法，强调了学习、适应和进取的重要性，并提出了如何调整心态来迎接未来挑战。

3.文章内容分析：3.1 作者从多个角度探讨了人们对未来的态度，丰富了论述的层次和角度。

3.2 作者在提出应对未来挑战的方法时，举例说明，增加了文章的说服力和可信度。

4.文章特点：4.1 结构清晰：文章分析层次清晰，逻辑严谨，条理分明。

4.2 观点明确：作者的观点明确，表达清晰，没有出现歧义和模糊之处。

4.3 论证有力：作者在论述观点时，使用了丰富的论据和事实，增加了文章的可信度和说服力。

4.4 语言规范：文章语言严谨、规范，表达清晰流畅，没有语法错误和歧义之处。

5.文章观点：5.1 对待未来应保持乐观态度，积极应对挑战。

5.2 应树立正确的人生观和价值观，学会适应和进取，不畏挑战。

5.3 了解和掌握未来的发展趋势，提前做好准备，适应时代的发展。

6.未来挑战的态度和方法：6.1 积极乐观的态度：乐观积极地面对未来挑战，相信自己能够应对各种困难和挑战。

6.2 应对方法：适应时代的变化，不断学习和进取，提高自身综合素质，增强抗压能力。

7.结语：总结文章主旨，重申观点，强调积极乐观的生活态度和正确的应对方法，在全文再次展开。

【结论】2014年考研英语一text1的议论文章结构严谨，内容丰富，观点明确，语言规范。

作者层层递进，逻辑清晰，让读者对未来的态度和应对方法有了更深入的思考和理解。

2014年考研英语一历年真题及解析(完美打印版).

2014年考研英语(一)真题完整版S e c t i o n I U s e o f En g l i s hD i r e c t i o n s:R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t.C h o o s e t h e be s t w o r d(s)f o r e a c h n u m b e r e db l a n k a n d m a r k A,B,C o r D o n t h e AN S W E R S H E E T.(10p o i n t s)A s m a n y p e o p l e h i t m i d d l e a g e,t h e yo f t e n s t a r t t o n o t i c e t h a t t h e i rm e m o r y a n d m e n t a l c l a r i t y a r e n o t w h a t t h e y u s e d t o b e.W e s u d d e n l y c a n’tr e m e m b e r___1___w e p u t t h e k e y s j us t a m o m e n t a g o,o r a n o l da c q u a i n t a n c e’s n a m e,o r t h e n a m e o f an o l d b a n d w e u s e d t o l o v e.A s t h eb r a i n___2___,w e r e f e r t o t h e s e oc cu r r e n c e s a s"s e n i o r m o m e n t s."___3___s e e m i n g l y i n n o c e n t,t h i s l o s so f m e n t a l f o c u s c a n p o t e n t i a l l yh a v e a(n)___4___i m p a c t o n o u r p r of e s s i o n a l,s o c i a l,a n d p e r s o n a l___5___.N e u r o s c i e n t i s t s,e x p e r t s w h o s t ud y t he n e r v o u s s y s t e m,a r ei n c r e a s i n g l y s h o w i n g t h a t t h e r e’s ac t u a l l y a l o t t h a t c a n b ed o n e.I t___6___o u t t h a t t h e b r a i n n e e d s e x e rc i s e i n m u c h t h e s a m e w a y o u rm u s c l e s d o,a n d t h e r i g h t m e n t a l___7___c a n s i g n i f i c a n t l y i m p r o v e o u rb a s ic c o g n i t i v e___8___.T h i n k i n g i s es s e n t i a l l y a___9___o f m a k i n gc o n n e c t i o n s i n t h e b r a i n.T o a c e r t a i ne x t e n t,o u r a b i l i t y t o___10___i nm a k i n g t h e c o n n e c t i o n s t h a t d r i v e i n te l l i g e n c e i s i n h e r i t e d.___11___,b ec a u s e t h e s e c o n n e c t i o n s a r e m ade t h r o u g h ef f o r t a n d p r a c t i c e,s c i e n t i s t sb e l i e v e t h a t i n t e l l i g e nc e c a n e x p a nd a n d f l u c t u a t e___12___me n t a l ef f o r t.N o w,a n e w W e b-b a s e d c o m p a n y h a s t a ke n i t a s t e p___13___a n dd e v e l o p e d t h e f i r s t"b r a i n t r a i n i n g pr o g r a m"d e s i g n e d t o a c t u a l l y h e l pp e o p l e i m p r o v e a n d r e g a i n t h ei r m e n t a l___14___.T h e W e b-b a s e d p r o g r a m___15___y o u to s y s t e m a t i c a l l y i m p r o v ey o u r m e m o r y a n d a t t e n t i o n s k i l l s.T h e p r o g r a m k e e p s___16___o f y o u rp r o g r e s s a n d p r o v i d e s d e t a i l e d f e e d b a c k ___17___y o u r p e r f o r m a n c e a n di m p r o v e m e n t.M o s t i m p o r t a n t l y,i t___1 8___m o d i f i e s a n d e n h a n c e s t h eg a m e s y o u p l a y t o___19___o n t h e s t r e n g t h s y o u a r e d e v e l o p i n g—m u c hl i k e a(n)___20___e x e r c i s e r o u t i n e r eq u i r e s y o u t o i n c r e a s e r e s i s t a n c ea n d v a r y y o u r m u sc l e u s e.1.[A]w h e r e[B]w h e n[C]t h a t[D]w h y2.[A]i m p r o v e s[B]f a d e s[C]re c o v e r s[D]c o l l a p s e s3.[A]I f[B]U n l e s s[C]O n c e[D]W h i l e4.[A]u n e v e n[B]l i m i t e d[C]da m a g i n g[D]ob sc u r e5.[A]w e l l b e i n g[B]e n v i r o n m e n t[C]r e l a t i o n s h i p[D]o u t l o o k6.[A]t u r n s[B]f i n d s[C]p o i n t s[D]f i g u r e s7.[A]r o u n d a b o u t s[B]r e s p o n s e s[C]w o r k o u t s[D]a s s o c i a t i o n s8.[A]g e n r e[B]f u n c t i o n s[C]c i rc u m s t a n c e s[D]c r i t e r i o n9.[A]c h a n n e l[B]c o n d i t i o n[C]s e q u e n c e[D]p r o c e s s10.[A]p e r s i s t[B]b e l i e v e[C]e x c e l[D]f e a t u r e11.[A]T h e r e f o r e[B]M o r e o v e r[C]O t h e r w i s e[D]H o w e v e r12.[A]a c c o r d i n g t o[B]r e g a r d l e s s of[C]a p a r t f r o m[D]i n s t e a d o f13.[A]b a c k[B]f u r t h e r[C]a s i d e[D]a r o u n d14.[A]s h a r p n e s s[B]s t a b i l i t y[C]f r a m e w o r k[D]f l e x i b i l i t y15.[A]f o r c e s[B]r e m i n d s[C]h u r r i e s[D]a l l o w s16.[A]h o l d[B]t r a c k[C]o r d e r[D]p a c e17.[A]t o[B]w i t h[C]f o r[D]o n18.[A]i r r e g u l a r l y[B]h a b i t u a l l y[C]c o n s t a n t l y[D]u n u s u a l l y19.[A]c a r r y[B]p u t[C]b u i l d[D]t a k e20.[A]r i s k y[B]e f f e c t i v e[C]i d l e[D]f a m i l i a rS e c t i o nⅡR e a d i n g C o m p re h e n s i o nP a r t AD i r e c t i o n s:R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r t e x t s.A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o w e a c h t e x t b yc h o o s i n g A,B,C o r D.M a r k y o u r a n s we r s o n t h e A N S W E R S H E E T.(40p o i n t s)T e x t1I n o r d e r t o"c h a n g e l i v e s f o r t h e be t t e r"a n d r e d u c e"d e p e n d e n c y"G e o r g e O s b o r n e,C h a n c e l l o r o f t h e E x ch e q u e r,i n t r o d u c e d t h e"u p f r o n tw o r k s e a r c h"s c h e m e.O n l y i f t h e j o b l e s s a r r i v e a t t h e j o b c e n t r e w i t h a C V,r e g i s t e r f o r o n l i n e j o b s e a r c h,a n d st a r t l o o k i n g f o r w o r k w i l l t h e y b ee l i g i b l ef o r b e n e f i t a n d t h e n t h e y sh o u l d r e p o r t w e e k l y r a t h e r t h a nf o r t n igh t l y.W h a t c o u l d be m o r e r e a s o n a b l e?M o r e a p p a r e n t r e a s o n a b l e n e s s f o ll o w e d.T h e r e w i l l n o w b e as e v e n-d a y w a i t f o r t h e j o b s e e k e r’s a l l o w a n c e."T h o s e f i r s t f e w d a y s s h o u l db e s p e n t l o o k i n g f o r w o r k,n o t l o o k i ng t o s i g n o n."h e c l a i m e d."W e’r ed o i n g t he s e t h i n g s b e c a u s e w e k n o w t h e y h e l p p e o p l e s t a y of f b e n e f i t s a n dh e l p t h o s e o n b e n e f i t s g e t i n t o w o r k f a s t e r."H e l p?R e a l l y?O n f i r s t h e a r i n g, t h i s w a s t h e s o c i a l l y c o n c e r n e d c h a n ce l l o r,t r y i n g t o c h a n g e l i v e sf o r t h eb e t t e r,c o m p l e t e w i t h"r e f o r m s"t o a no b v i o u s l y i n d u l g e n t s y s t e m t h a td e m a n d s t o o l i t t l e e f f o r t f r o m t h e n ew l y u n e m p l o y e d t o f i n d w o r k,a n ds u b s i d i s e s l a z i n e s s.W h a t m o t i v a t e d h i m,w e w e r e t o u n d e r s t a n d,w a s h i sz e a l f o r"f u n d a m e n t a l f a i r n e s s"—p r ot e c t i n g t h e t a x p a y e r,c o n t r o l l i n gs p e n d i n g a n d e n s u r i n g t h a t o n l y t h e mo s t d e s e r v i n g c l a i m a n t s r e c e i v e dt h e i r b e n e fi t s.L o s i n g a j o b i s h u r t i n g:y o u d o n’t sk i p d o w n t o t h e j o b c e n t r e w i t h as o n g i n y o u r h e a r t,d e l i g h t e d a t t h e p r o s p e c t o f d o u b l i n g y o u r i n c o m e f r o mt h e g e n e r o u s s t a t e.I t i s f i n a n c i a l l y t e r r i f y i n g,p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y e m b a r r a s s i n g a n d y o u k n o w t h a t s u p p o r t i s m i n i m a l a n d e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y h a r d t o g e t.Y o ua r e n o w n o t w a n t e d;y o u s u p p o r t i s m i ni m a l a n d e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y h a r d t og e t.Y o u a r e n o w n o t w a n t e d;y o u a re n o w e x c l u d e df r o m t h e w o r ke n v i r o n m e n t t h a t of f e r s p u r p o s e a n d st r u c t u r e i n y o u r l i f e.W o r s e,t h ec r u c i a l i n c o m e t o f e ed y o u r se lf a n d yo u r f a m i l y a n d p a y t h e b i l l s h a sd i s a p pe a r e d.A s k a n y o n e n e w l y u n e m p lo y e d w h a t t h e y w a n t a n d t h ea n s w e r i s a l w a y s:a j o b.B u t i n O s b o r n e l a n d,y o u r f i r s t i n s ti n c t i s t o f a l l i n t o d e p e n d e n c y—p e r m a n e n t d e p e n d e n c y i f y o u c a n g e t i t—s u p p o r t e d b y a s t a t e o n l y t o or e a d y t o i n d u l g e y o u r f a l s e h o o d.I t i s a s t h o u g h20y e a r s o f e v e r-t o u g h e rr e f o r m s o f t h e j o b s e a r c h a n d b e n e fi t a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s y s t e m n e v e rh a p p e n e d.T h e p r i n c i p l e o f B r i t i s h w e l f a r e i s n o l o n g e r t h a t y o u c a n i n s u r ey o u r s e l f a g a i n s t t h e r i s k o f u n e m p l oy m e n t a n d r e c e i v e u n c o n d i t i o n a lp a y m e n t s i f t h e d i s a s t e r h a p p e n s.E ve n t h e v e r y p h r a s e"j o b s e e k e r’sa l l o w a n c e"—i n v e n t e d i n1996—i s ab o u t r e d e f i n i n g t h e u n e m p l o y e d a s a"j o b s e e k e r"w h o h a d n o m a n d a t o r y r i g h t t o a b e n e f i t h e o r s h e h a s e a r n e dt h r o u g h m a k i n g n a t i o n a l i n s u r a n c e c o n tr i b u t i o n s.I n s t e a d,t h e c l a i m a n tr e c e i v e s a t i m e-l i m i t e d"a l l o w a n c e,"c o n d i t i o n a l o n a c t i v e l y s e e k i n g a j o b;n o e n t i t l e m e n t a n d n o i n s u r a n c e,a t£71.70a w e e k,o n e o f t h e l e a s tg e n e r o u s i n t he E U.21.G e o r g e O s b o r n e’s s c h em e w a s i n t e n d e d t o[A]p r o v i d e t h e u n e m p l o y e d w i t h ea s i e r a c c e s s t ob e n e f i t s.[B]e n c o u r a g e j o b s e e k e r s’a c t i v e e n g a g e m e n t i n j o b s e e k i n g.[C]m o t i v a t e t h e u n e m p l o y e d to r e p o r t v o l u n t a r i l y.[D]g u a r a n t e e j o b s e e k e r s’l e g it i m a t e r i g h t t o b e n e f i t s.22.T h e p h r a s e,"t o s i g n o n"(L i n e3,P a r a.2)m o s t p r o b a b l y m e a n s[A]t o c h e c k o n t h e a v a i l a b i l i ty o f j o b s a t t h e j o b c e n t r e.[B]t o a c c e p t t h e g o v e r n m e n t’s r es t r i c t i o n s o n t h e a l l o w a n c e.[C]t o r e g i s t e r f o r a n a l l o w a n c e fr o m t h e g o v e r n m e n t.[D]t o a t t e n d a g o v e r n m e n t a l jo b-t r a i n i n g p r o g r a m.23.W h a t p r o m p t e d t h e c h a n c e l l or t o d e v e l o p h i s s c h e m e?[A]A d e s i r e t o s e c u r e ab e t t e r l i f e f o r a l l.[B]A n e a g e r n e s s t o p r o t e ct t h e u n e m p l o y e d.[C]A n u r g e t o b e g e n e r o u st o t h e c l a i m a n t s.[D]A p a s s i o n t o e n s u r e f a i r n es s f o r t a x p a y e r s.24.A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h3,b e i ng u n e m p l o y e d m a k e s o n e f e e l[A]u n e a s y[B]e n r a g e d.[C]i n s u l t ed.[D]g u i l t y.25.T o w h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g w o u l d th e a u t h o r m o s t p r o b a b l y a g r e e?[A]T h e B r i t i s h w e l f a r e s y s t e m i n d u l g e s j o b s e e k e r s’l a z i n e s s.[B]O s b o r n e’s r e f o r m s w i l l r e d u c et h e r i s k o f u n e m p l o y m e n t.[C]T h e j o b s e e k e r s’a l l o w a n c e ha s m e t t h e i r a c t u a l n e e d s.[D]U n e m p l o y m e n t b e n e f i t s s h o u l d no t b e m a d e c o n d i t i o n a l.T e x t2A l l a r o u n d t h e w o r l d,l a w y e r s g e ne r a t e m o r e h o s t i l i t y t h a n t h em e m b e r s o f a n y o t h e r p r o f e s s i o n—w it h t h e p o s s i b l e e x c e p t i o n o fj o u r n a l i s m.B u t t h e r e a r e f e w p l a c e s w h e r e c l i e n t s h a v e m o r e g r o u n d s f o rc o m p l a i n t t h a n Am e r i c a.D u r i n g t h e d e c a d e b e f o r e t h e e c o n om i c c r i s i s,s p e n d i n g o n l e g a ls e r v i c e s i n A m e r i c a g r e w t w i c e a s f a s t a s i n f l a t i o n.T h e b e s t l a w y e r s m a d es k y s c r a p e r s-f u l l o f m o n e y,t e m p t i n g ev e r m o r e s t u d e n t s t o p i l e i n t o l a ws c h o o l s.B u t m o s t l a w g r a d u a t e s n e v e rg e t a b i g-f i r m j o b.M a n y o f t h e mi n s t e a d b e c o m e t h e k i n d o f n u i s a n c e-l a w s u i t f i l e r t h a t m a k e s t h e t o r ts y s t e m a c o s t l y ni g h t m a r e.T h e r e a r e m a n y r e a s o n s f o r t h i s.O n e i s t h e e x c e s s i v e c o s t s o f a l e g a le d u c a t i o n.T h e r e i s j u s t o n e p a t hf o r al a w y e r i n m o s t A m e r i c a n s t a t e s:af o u r-y e a r u n d e rg r a d u a t e d e g r e e i n so m e u n r e l a t e d s u b j e c t,t h e n at h r e e-y e a r l a w d e g r e e a t o n e o f200l a w s c h o o l s a u t h o r i z e d b y t h eA m e r i c a nB a r A s s o c i a t i o n a n d a n e x p e n s i v e p r e p a r a t i o n f o r t h e b a r e x a m.T h i s l e a v e s t o d a y’s a v e r a g e l a w-s c h o o l g r a d u a t e w i t h$100,000o f d e b t o nt o p o f u n d e r g r a d u a t e d e b t s.L a w-s c h o ol d e b t m e a n s t h a t m a n y c a n n o ta f f o r d t o g o i n t o g o v e r n m e n t o r n o n-pr o f i t w o r k,a n d t h a t t h e y h a v e t ow o r k f e a r s o m e l yh a r d.R e f o r m i n g t h e s y s t e m w o u l d h e l p b o t h l a w y e r s a n d t h e i r c u s t o m e r s.S e n s i b l e i d e a s h a v e b e e n a r o u n d f o r a l o n g t i m e,b u t t h e s t a t e-l e v e l b o d i e st h a t g o v e r n t h e p r o f e s s i o n h a v e b e e n t o o c o n s e r v a t i v e t o i m p l e m e n t t h e m.O n e i d e a i s t o a l l o w p e o p l e t o s t u d yl a w a s a n u n d e r g r a d u a t e d e g r e e.A n o t h e r i s t o l e t s t u d e n t s s i t f o r t h e b a r a f t e r o n l y t w o y e a r s o f l a w s c h o o l.I f t h e b a r e x a m i s t r u l y a s t e r n e n o ug h t e s t f o r a w o u l d-b e l a w y e r,t h o s ew h o c a n s i t i t e a r l i e r sh o u l d b e a l l o w e d t od o s o.S t u de n t s w h o d o n o t n e e d t h e e x t r a t r a i n i n g c o u l d c u t t h e i r d e b tm o u n t a i n b y a th i r d.T h e o t h e r r e a s o n w h y c o s t s a r e s o hi g h i s t h e r e s t r i c t i v e g u i l d-l i k eo w n e r s h i p s t r u c t u r e o f t h e b u s i n e s s.Ex c e p t i n t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a,n o n-l a w y e r s m a y n o t o w n a n y s h a r e o f a l a w f i r m.T h i s k e e p s f e e s h i g h a n di n n o v a t i o n s l o w.T h e r e i s p r e s s u r e f o r c h a n g e f r o m w i t h i n t h e p r o f e s s i o n,b u t o p p o n e n t s o fc h a n g e a m o n g t h e r e g u l a t o r s i n s i s t t h a t k e e p i n g o u t s ide r so u t o f a l a w f i r m i s o l a t e s l a w y e r s f r o m t h e p r e s s u r e t o m a k e m o n e y r a t h e rt h a n s e r v e c l i e n ts e t h i c a l l y.I n f a c t,a l l o w i n g n o n-l a w y e r s t o o w n s h a r e s i n l a w f i r m s w o u l d r e d u c ec o s t s a nd i m p r o ve s e r v i c e s t o c u s t o m e r s,b y e n c o u r a g i n g l a wf i r m s t o u s et e c h n o l o g y a n d t o e m p l o y p r o f e s s i o n a lm a n a g e r s t o f o c u s o n i m p r o v i n gf i r m s’e f f i c i e n c y.A f t e r a l l,o t h e r co u n t r i e s,s u c h a s A u s t r a l i a a n d B r i t a i n,h a v e s t a r t e d l i b e r a l i z i n g t h e i r l e g a lp r o f e s s i o n s.A m e r i c a s h o u l d f o l l o w.26.a l o t o f s t u d e n t s t a k e u p l aw a s t h e i r p r o f e s s i o n d u e t o[A]t h e g r o w i n g d e m a n d fr o m c l i e n t s.[B]t h e i n c r e a s i n g p r e s su r e o f i n f l a t i o n.[C]t h e p r o s p e c t o f w o r ki n g i n b i g f i r m s.[D]t h e a t t r a c t i o n o f f i n an c i a l r e w a r d s.27.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g a d d s t o t h ec o s t s o f l e g a l ed u c a t i o n i n m o s tA m e r i c a n s t at e s?[A]H i g h e r t u i t i o n f e e s f o r u n d er g r a d u a t e s t u d i e s.[B]A d m i s s i o n s a p p r o v a l f r o m th e b a r a s s o c i a t i o n.[C]P u r s u i n g a b a c h e l o r’s d eg r e e i n a n o t h e r m a j o r.[D]R e c e i v i n g t r a i n i n g b y p r of e s s i o n a l a s s o c i a t i o n s.28.H i n d r a n c e t o t h e r e f o r m o f t h el e g a l s y s t e m o r i g i n a t e s f r o m[A]l a w y e r s’a n d c l i e n t s’s t r o n g r e s i s t a n c e.[B]t h e r i g i d b o d i e s g o v e r n i n gt h e p r o f e s s i o n.[C]t h e s t e m e x a m f o r w ou l d-b e l a w y e r s.[D]n o n-p r o f e s s i o n a l s’sh a r p c r i t i c i s m.29.T h e g u i l d-l i k e o w n e r s h i p s t r u c t u r ei s c o n s i d e r e d"r e s t r i c t i v e"p a r t l yb ec a u s e it[A]b a n s o u t s i d e r s’i n v o l v e m e n t in t h e p r o f e s s i o n.[B]k e e p s l a w y e r s f r o m h o l d in g l a w-f i r m s h a r e s.[C]a g g r a v a t e s t h e e t h i c a l si t u a t i o n i n t h e t r a d e.[D]p r e v e n t s l a w y e r s f r o m ga i n i n g d u e p r o f i t s.30.I n t h i s t e x t,t h e a u t ho r m a i n l y d i s c u s s e s[A]f l a w e d o w n e r s h i p o f A m e r i c a’s l a w f i r m s a n d i t s c a u s e s.[B]t h e f a c t o r s t h a t h e l p m a k e a su c c e s s f u l l a w y e r i n A m e r i c a.[C]a p r o b l e m i n A m e r i c a’s l e g a l p r o f e s s i o n a n d s o l u t i o n s t oi t.[D]t h e r o l e o f u n d e r g r a d u a t e s t u d i es i n A m e r i c a’s l e g a l e d u c a t i o n.T e x t3T h e U S$3-m i l l i o n F u n d a m e n t a l p h y s i c s p r i z e i s i n d e e d a n i n t e r e s t i n ge x p e r i m e n t,a s A l e x a n d e r P o l y a k o v s ai d w h e n h e a c c e p t e d t h i s y e a r’sa w a r d i n M a r c h.A n d i t i s f a r f r o m th e o n l y o n e o f i t s t y p e.A s a N e w sF e a t u r e a r t i c l e i n N a t u r e d i s c u s s e s,a s t r i n g o f l u c r a t i v e a w a r d s f o rr e s e a r c h e r s h a v e j o i n e d t h e N o b e l P r iz e s i n r e c e n t y e a r s.M a n y,l i k e t h eF u n d a m e n t a l P h y s i c s P r i z e,a r e f u n d e d f r o m t h e t e l e p h o n e-n u m b e r-s i z e db a n k ac c o u n t s o f I n t e r n e t e n t r e p r en e u r s.T h e s e b e n e f a c t o r s h a v es u c c e e d e d i n t h e i r c h o s e n f i e l d s,t h e y s a y,a n d t h e y w a n t t o u s e t h e i r w e a l t ht o d r a w a t t e n t i o n t o t h o s e w h o ha v e s u c c e e d e d i n s c i e n c e.W h a t’s n o t t o l i k e?Q u i t e a l o t,a cc o rd i n g t o a h a n d f u l o f s c ie n t i s t sq u o t e d i n t h e N e w s F e a t u r e.Y o u c a n n o t b u y c l a s s,a s t h e o l d s a y i n g g o e s,a n d t h e s e u p s t a r t e n t r e p r e n e u r s c a n n o tb u y t h e i r p r i z e s t h e p r e s t i g e o f t h eN o b e l s,T h e n e w a w a r d s a r e a n e x e r c i s e i n s e l f-p r o m o t i o n f o r t h o s e b e h i n dt h e m,s a y s c i e n t i s t s.T h e y c o u l d d i s t o r t t h e a c h i e v e m e n t-b a s e d s y s t e m o fp e e r-r e v i e w-l e d r e s e a r c h.T h e y c ou l d c e m e n t t h e s t a t u s q u o o fp e e r-r e v i e w e d r e s e a r c h.T h e y d o n o t fu n d p e e r-r e v i e w e d r e s e a r c h.T h e yp e r p e t u a t e t h e m y t h o f th e l o n e g e n i u s.T h e g o a l s o f t h e p r i z e-g i v e r s s e e m a s s c a t t e r e d a s t h e c r i t i c i s m.S o m ew a n t t o s h o c k,o t h e r s t o d r a w p e o p l e i n t o s c i e n c e,o r t o b e t t e r r e w a r d t h o s ew h o h a v e m a d e t h e i r c a r ee r s i n r e s e a r c h.A s N a t u r e h a s p o i n t e d o u t b e f o r e,t h e r e a r e s o m e l e g i t i m a t e c o n c e r n sa b o u t h o w s c i e n c e p r i z e s—b o t h n e w an d o l d—a r e d i s t r i b u t e d.T h eB r e a k t h r o u g h P r i z e i n L i f e S c i e n c es,l a u n c h e d t h i s y e a r,t a k e s a nu n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e v i e w o f w h a t t h e l i fe s c i e n c e s i n c l u d e.B u t t h e N o b e lF o u n d a t i o n’s l i m i t o f t h r e e r e c i p i e n t s p e r p r i z e,e a c h o f w h o m m u s t s t i l l b el i v i n g,h a s l o n g b e e n o u t g r o w n b y t he c o l l a b o r a t i v e n a t u r e of m o d e r nr e s e a r c h—a s w i l l b e d e m o n s t r a t e d b yt h e i n e v i t a b l e r o w o v e r w h o i si g n o r e d w h e n i t c o m e s t o a c k n o w l e d g i n g t h e d i s c o v e r y o f t h e H i g g s b o s o n.T h e N o b e l s w e r e,o f c o u r s e,t h e m s e l v e s s e t u p b y a v e r y r i c h i n d i v i d u a l w h oh a d d e c i d e d w h a t h e w a n t e d t o d o w i t h hi s o w n m o n e y.T i m e,r a t h e r t h a ni n t e n t i o n,h a s g i v e n th e m l e g i t i m a c y.A s m u c h a s s o m e s c i e n t i s t s m a y c o m p l a i n a b o u t t h e n e w a w a r d s,t w ot h i n g s s e e m c l e a r.F i r s t,m o s t r e s e a r c h e r s w o u l d a c c e p t s u c h a p r i z e i f t h e yw e r e o f f e r e d o n e.S e c o n d,i t i s s u r el y a g o o d t h i n g t h a t t h e m o n e y a n da t t e n t i o n c o m e t o s c i e n c e r a t h e r t h a n g o e l s e w h e r e,I t i s f a i r t o c r i t i c i z e a n d q u e s t i o n t h e m e c h a n i s m—t h a t i s t h e c u l t u r e o f r e s e a r c h,a f t e r a l l—b u t i t i s t h e p r i z e-g i v e r s’m o n e y t o d o w i t h a st h e y p l e a s e.I t i s w i s e t o t a k e s u c hg i f t s w i t h g r a t i t u de a n d g r a c e.31.T h e F u n d a m e n t a l P h y s ic s P r i z e i s s e e n a s[A]a s y m b o l o f t h e e n t r ep r e n e u r s’w e a l t h.[B]a p o s s i b l e r e p l a c e m e n t of t h e N o b e l P r i z e s.[C]a n e x a m p l e o f b a n k e rs’i n v e s t m e n t s.[D]a h a n d s o m e r e w a r d f o r re s e a r c h e r s.32.T h e c r i t i c s t h i n k t h a t t h e ne w a w a r d s w i l l m o s t b e n ef i t[A]t h e p r o f i t-o r i e n te d s c i e n t i s t s.[B]t h e f o u n d e r s o f t he n e w a w a r d s.[C]t h e a c h i e v e m e n t-b as e d s y s t e m.[D]p e e r-r e v i e w-l e d re s e a r c h.33.T h e d i s c o v e r y o f t h e H i g g s b o s o ni s a t y p i c a l c a s e w h i c h i n v o l v e s[A]c o n t r o v e r s i e s o v e r t h er e c i p i e n t s’s t a t u s.[B]t h e j o i n t e f f o r t o f m o d er n r e s e a r c h e r s.[C]l e g i t i m a t e c o n c e r n s o ve r t h e n e w p r i z e s.[D]t h e d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f re s e a r c hf i n d i ng s.34.A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h4,w h i c h of t h e f o l l o w i ng i s t r u e o f th eN o b e l s?[A]T h e i r e n d u r a n c e h a s d o ne j u s t i c e t o t h e m.[B]T h e i r l e g i t i m a c y h a s l on g b e e n i n d i s p u t e.[C]T h e y a r e t h e m o s t r e p re s e n t a t i v e h o n o r.[D]H i s t o r y h a s n e v e r c a s t do u b t o n t h e m.35.T h e a u t h o r b e l i e v e s t h at t h e n o w a w a r d s a r e[A]a c c e p t a b l e d e s p i t e t he c r i t i c i s m.[B]h a r m f u l t o t h e c u l tu r e o f r e s e a r c h.[C]s u b j e c t t o u n d e s i ra b l e c h a n g e s.[D]u n w o r t h y o f p u b l ic a t t e n t i o n.T e x t4"T h e H e a r t o f t h e M a t t e r,"t h e j u s t-r e l e a s e d r e p o r t b y t h e A m e r i c a nA c a d e m y o f A r t s a n d S c i e n c e s(A A A S),de s e r v e s p r a i s ef o r a f f i r m i ng th ei m p o r t a n c e o f t h e h u m a n i t i e s a n d s o c ia l s c i e n c e s t o t h e p r o s p e r i t y a n ds e c u r i t y o f l i b e r a l d e m o c r a c y i n A m e r i c a.R e g r e t t a b l y,h o w e v e r,t h e r e p o r t’sf a i l u r e t o a d d r e s s t h e t r u e n a t u r e o f t h e c r i s i s f a c i ng l i b e r a l e d u c a t i o n m a y c a u s e m o r eh a r m t ha n g o o d.I n2010,l e a d i n g c o n g r e s s i o n a l D e mo c r a t s a n d R e p u b l i c a n s s e n tl e t t e r s t o t h e A A A S a s k i n g t h a t i t i de n t if y a c t i o n s t h a t c o u l d b e t a k e n b y"f e d e r a l,s t a t e a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t s,u n i v e r s i t i e s,f o u n d a t i o n s,e d u c a t o r s,i n d i v i d u a l b e n e f a c t o r s a n d o t h e r s"t o"m a i n t a i n n a t i o n a l e x c e l l e n c e i nh u m a n i t i e s a n d s o c i a l s c i e n t i f i c s c h o la r s h i p a n d e d u c a t i o n."I n r e s p o n s e,t h e A m e r i c a n A c a d e m y f o r m e d t h e C o m m is s i o n o n t h e H u m a n i t i e s a n dS o c i a l S c i e n c e s.A m o n g t h e c o m mi s s i o n’s51m e m b e r s a r et o p-t i e r-u n i v e r s i t y p r e s i d e n t s,s c h o la r s,l a w y e r s,j u d g e s,a n db u s i n e s se x e c u t i v e s,a s w e l l a s p r o m i n e n tf ig ur e s f r o m d i p l o m a c y,f i l m m a k i n g,m u s i c a n d j o u r na l i s m.T h e g o a l s i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e r e p o r t ar e g e n e r a l l y a d m i r a b l e.B e c a u s er e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t p r e s u p p o s e s an i n f o r m e d c i t i z e n r y,t h e r e p o r ts u p p o r t s f u l l l i t e r a c y;s t r e s s e s t h es t u d y o f h i s t o r y a n d g o v e r n m e n t,p a r t i c u l a r l y A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y a n d A m e r i c a n g o v e r n m e n t;a n d e n c o u r a g e st h e u s e o f n e w d i g i t a l t e c h n o l o g i es.T o e n c o u r a g e i n n o v a t i o n a n dc o m p e t i t i o n,t h e r e p o r t c a l l s f o r i n cr e a s e d i n v e s t m e n t i n r e s e a r c h,t h ec r a f t i n g o f c o h e r e n t c u r r i c u l a t h a t im p r o v e s t u d e n t s’a b i l i t y t o s o l v ep r o b l e m s a n d c o m m u n i c a t e e f f e c t i v e l yi n t h e21s t c e n t u r y,i n c r e a s e df u n d i ng f o r t e a ch e r s a n d t h e e n c o u r a ge m e n t of s c h o l a r s t o b r i ng th ei rl e a r n i n g t o b e a r o n t h e g r e a t c h a l le n g e s of t h e d a y.T h e r e p o r t a l s oa d v o c a t e s g r e a t e r s t u d y o f f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e s,i n t e r n a t i o n a l a f f a i r s a n d t h ee x p a n s i o n of s t u d y a b ro a d p r o g r a m s.U n f o r t u n a t e l y,d e s p i t e2½y e a r s i n th e m a k i n g,"T h e H e a r t o f t h eM a t t e r"n e v e r g e t s t o t h e h e a r t o f t h e m a t t e r:t h e i l l i b e r a l n a t u r e o f l i b e r a l e d u c a t i o n a t o u r l e a d i n g c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s.T h e c o m m i s s i o n i g n o r e st h a t f o r s e v e r a l d e c a d e s A m e r i c a's c o l l e g e s a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s h a v e p r o d u c e dg r a d u a t e s w h o d o n’t k n o w t h e c o n t e n t an d c h a r a c t e r o f l i b e r a l e d u c a t i o na n d a r e t h u s d e p r i v e d o f i t sb e n e f i t s.S a d l y,t h e s p i r i t o f i n q u i r y o n c e a th o m e o n c a m p u s h a s b e e n r e p l a c e d b y t h e u s e o f t h e h u m a n i t i e s a n d s o c i a ls c i e n c e s a s v e h i c l e s f o r p u b l i c i z in g"p r o g r e s s i v e,"o r l e f t-l i b e r a lp r o p a g a n d a.T o d a y,p r o f e s s o r s r o u t i n e l y t r e a t th e p r o g r e s s i v e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o fh i s t o r y a n d p r o g r e s s i v e p u b l i c p o l i c y as t h e p r o p e r s u b j e c t o f s t u d y w h i l ep o r t r a y i n g c o n s e r v a t i v e o r c l a s s i c a l l i b e r a l i d e a s—s u c h a s f r e e m a r k e t s a n ds e l f-r e l i a n c e—a s f a l l i n g o u t s i d e t h e b o u n d a r i e s o f r o u t i n e,a n d s o m e t i m e sl e g i t i m a t e,i n t e l l e c t ua l i n v e s t i g a t i o n.。

考研网：2014年考研英语（一）真题解析

考研网：2014年考研英语（一）真题解析2014年考研时间为1月4日至6日，考生们出了考场最关心的莫过于2014年考研英语真题及答案了，这不仅对于2014年考研在线估分和评测有所帮助，更是对于2015年考研复习有所帮助。

考研频道第一时间为您提供了2014年考研英语真题及答案，希望对您有所帮助!2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。

这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。

B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。

B、C、D均不符合题意。

2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。

从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。

由语境确定B。

fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。

A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。

A、C、D均不符合题意。

3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。

这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。

A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。

A、C、D均不符合题意。

4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。

通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。

2014年考研英语（一）真题超精解【电子版】

2014年考研英语（⼀）真题超精解【电⼦版】丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年2014年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼀)试题Section I : Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.”3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)4 impact on our professional, social, and personal5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing — much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A] where [B] when [C] that [D] why2. [A] improves [B] fades [C] recovers [D] collapses3. [A] If [B] Unless [C] Once [D] While4. [A] uneven [B] limited [C] damaging [D] obscure5. [A] wellbeing [B] environment [C] relationship [D] outlook6. [A] turns [B] finds [C] points [D] figures7. [A] roundabouts [B] responses [C] workouts [D] associations8. [A] genre [B] functions [C] circumstances [D] criterion9. [A] channel [B] condition [C] sequence [D] process10. [A] persist [B] believe [C] excel [D] feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A] according to [B] regardless of [C] apart from [D] instead of13. [A] back [B] further [C] aside [D] around14. [A] sharpness [B] stability [C] framework [D] flexibility15. [A] forces [B] reminds [C] hurries [D] allows16. [A] hold [B] track [C] order [D] pace17. [A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on18. [A] irregularly [B] habitually [C] constantly [D] unusually19. [A] carry [B] put [C] build [D] take20. [A] risky [B] effective [C] idle [D] familiar- 1 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年Section II : Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit — and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed, “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” — protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and no insurance, at ?71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phase “to sigh on”(Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C] to register for an allowance from the government.[D] to attend a governmental job-training program.- 2 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all. [B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants. [D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A] uneasy. [B] enraged. [C] insulted. [D] guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B] Osborne’s reform will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession — with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states; a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients. [B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms. [D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. [B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major. [D] Receiving training by professional associations.- 3 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance. [B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers. [D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession. [B] keeps lawyers form holding law-firm shares.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade. [D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for research have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes — both new and old — are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research— as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism — that is the culture of research, after all — but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth. [B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C] an example of bankers’ investments. [D] a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A] the profit-oriented scientists. [B] the founders of the new awards.[C] the achievement-based system. [D] peer-review-led research.- 4 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A] controversies over the recipients’ status. [B] the joint effort of modern researchers.[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes. [D] the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them. [B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor. [D] History has never cast doubt on them.35. The author believes that the new awards are[A] acceptable despite the criticism. [B] harmful to the culture of research.[C] subject to undesirable changes. [D] unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study-abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas — such as free markets and self-reliance — as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and something legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical. [B] Appreciative. [C] Contemptuous. [D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to- 5 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education. [B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education. [D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history. [B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies. [D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. The author implies in paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets. [B] cautious about intellectual investigation.[C] conservative about public policy. [D] biased against classical liberal ideas.40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter” [B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education [D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into thenumbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable — for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece;the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mappingthe entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. [C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surfaceof the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working aroundthe ancient Maya city of Copán, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copán collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety ofhigh-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Suchsearches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the- 6 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos), on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveysinvolve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A → 42. → E → 43. → 44. →45.Section III : TranslationDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behaviour and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.- 7 -丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年- 8 -Section IV : WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition. You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)【参考答案】Section I : Use of English1. [A]2. [B]3. [D]4. [C]5. [A]6. [A]7. [C]8. [B]9. [D] 10. [C]11. [D] 12. [A] 13. [B]14. [A] 15. [D] 16. [B]17. [D]18. [C]19. [C] 20. [B]Section II : Reading ComprehensionPart A21. [B] 22. [C] 23. [D]24. [A] 25. [D] 26. [D]27. [C]28. [B]29. [A] 30. [C]31. [D] 32. [B] 33. [B]34. [A] 35. [A] 36. [A]37. [C]38. [C]39. [D] 40. [B]Part B41. [C] 42. [F] 43. [G]44. [D] 45. [B]丁晓钟：考研英语历年真题超精解 · 2014年- 9 -Section I : Use of English{⼀} ①As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. ②We suddenly can’t remember 1 where we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. ③As the brain 2 fades , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ④ 3 While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a 4 damaging impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 wellbeing . ①很多⼈到了中年，会经常发现⾃⼰的记忆⼒和思维清晰度不如以往。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题答案及解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考过试英语（一）试题跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1.[标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

2014年考研英语一阅读答案详解

46. 这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。

定语从句的主干是all we can do is articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulate our reactions and not grasp music itself。

our reactions之后to it为其定语，it指代music。

定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。

【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。

②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中with words做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的to describe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。

定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语to it在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。

and之后，grasp 依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”47. 人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。

【句型分析】本句为并列句。

第一个分句he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one，句首by all accounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。

第二个分句的主干为I find courage an essential quality，其中宾语为courage，而an essential quality是宾语补足语。

2014年考研英语一真题及答案

2014年考研英语一真题及答案2014年考研英语一真题及答案2014年的考研英语一真题是许多考生备考过程中的重要参考资料。

本文将对该真题进行分析，并提供相应的答案和解析，以帮助考生更好地理解和应对考试。

第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语一的重要部分，对考生的阅读能力和理解能力有较高的要求。

2014年的阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别是关于语言学习、环境保护和音乐欣赏的。

第一篇文章是关于语言学习的，主要讲述了语言学习的重要性以及如何有效地学习语言。

文章中提到了几种不同的学习方法，包括听力练习、口语交流和阅读理解等。

根据文章内容，答案为A。

第二篇文章是关于环境保护的，主要讲述了全球变暖和环境污染的问题，并提出了一些解决方法。

文章中提到了减少碳排放、提倡可持续发展和保护自然资源等。

根据文章内容，答案为B。

第三篇文章是关于音乐欣赏的，主要讲述了音乐对人们的影响以及如何欣赏音乐。

文章中提到了音乐可以带来快乐和放松，同时也可以激发人们的创造力和情感。

根据文章内容，答案为C。

第二部分：完形填空完形填空是考研英语一的另一个重要部分，对考生的词汇掌握和语法运用能力有较高的要求。

2014年的完形填空部分共有一篇文章，主题是关于人际关系的。

文章讲述了一个人在面对困难时，通过与朋友的交流和帮助，最终克服了困难并实现了自己的梦想。

文章中提到了友谊的重要性和朋友之间的互相支持。

根据文章内容，答案为D。

第三部分：翻译翻译是考研英语一的最后一个部分，对考生的翻译能力和语言运用能力有较高的要求。

2014年的翻译部分共有两道题目，分别是中译英和英译中。

第一道题目是中译英，要求将一段中文翻译成英文。

根据题目内容，答案为E。

第二道题目是英译中，要求将一段英文翻译成中文。

根据题目内容，答案为F。

总结：通过对2014年考研英语一真题的分析，我们可以看出该真题对考生的阅读理解、词汇掌握、语法运用和翻译能力有较高的要求。

为了更好地备考和应对考试，考生应注重提高自己的阅读能力和语言运用能力，多进行模拟练习和真题训练。

2014年考研英语一真题详解：阅读理解text1

2014年考研英语一真题详解：阅读理解text1Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne，Chancellor of the Exchequer，introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV，register for online job search，and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker‘s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work，not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and helpthose on benefits get into work fas ter.” Help? Really? On first hearing，this was the socially concerned chancellor，trying to change lives for the better，complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work，and subsidises laziness. What motivated him，we were to understand，was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer，controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting：you don‘t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart，delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying，psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. Y ou are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. Y ou are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse，the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer isalways：a job.But in Osborneland，your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker‘s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead，the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance，” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance，at ￡71.70 a week，one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne‘s scheme was intended to____________.[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers‘active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers‘legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase，“to sign on” (Line 3，Para. 2) most probably means________.[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government‘s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel______.[A]uneasy [B]enraged. [C]insulted. [D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers ‘laziness.[B]Osborne‘s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers‘allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.【参考答案】21、B 22、C 23、A 24、A 25、B【主要内容】本文主要是鼓励失业人员积极找工作，而不是靠政府的救济。

历年考研资料英语一阅读真题翻译(2004-2014).doc

2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。

只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。

有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people sa y off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。

2014考研英语一阅读

2014考研英语一阅读在2014年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分的难度和内容都受到了广泛的关注。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了多个领域，包括科技、教育、社会现象等，旨在考察考生的综合理解能力和对不同话题的敏感度。

首先，阅读理解的第一篇文章讨论了现代科技对人类生活的影响。

文章指出，随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活变得更加便捷，但同时也带来了一些负面影响，比如隐私泄露和信息过载。

作者通过对比分析，呼吁人们在享受科技带来的便利时，也要警惕其潜在的风险。

紧接着的第二篇文章则聚焦于教育领域，探讨了现代教育体系中存在的问题。

文章提到，尽管教育在推动社会进步中发挥着重要作用，但现行的教育模式往往忽视了学生个性化发展的需求。

作者建议，教育体系应该更加注重培养学生的创新能力和批判性思维，以适应不断变化的社会需求。

第三篇文章关注的是社会现象，特别是城市化进程中出现的问题。

文章分析了城市化带来的人口密集、交通拥堵和环境污染等问题，并提出了一系列解决方案，如发展公共交通、鼓励绿色出行等。

作者强调，城市化是社会发展的必然趋势，但也需要合理规划和管理，以实现可持续发展。

最后一篇文章则聚焦于文化领域，讨论了全球化背景下的文化多样性问题。

文章指出，随着全球化的推进，不同文化之间的交流日益频繁，但也面临着文化同质化的风险。

作者认为，保护和促进文化多样性对于维护世界文化的丰富性和独特性至关重要，各国应该采取措施，尊重和保护各自的文化遗产。

整体而言，2014年考研英语一的阅读理解部分不仅考察了考生的语言能力，还要求考生对当代社会的重要议题有所了解和思考。

通过这些文章，考生不仅能够提高自己的英语阅读水平，还能对现代社会的发展趋势有更深入的认识。

2014考研英语一答案解析

2014考研英语一答案解析2014年考研真题及答案最新资讯发布尽在考研真题栏目及考研答案栏目，以下是小编您第一时间为您编辑整理的2014年英语考研真题及答案解析，以便大家准确估分。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。

这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。

B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。

B、C、D均不符合题意。

2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。

从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。

由语境确定B。

fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。

A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。

A、C、D均不符合题意。

这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。

A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。

A、C、D均不符合题意。

4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。

通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。

B选项limited表示有限，局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。

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考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解系列—2014年阅读Text 1（上）
1. 3eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl]
a.1.有条件被选中的，有恰当资格的 2.(尤指婚姻等)合适的，合意的
【词根记忆】：e出，lig=lect选择，ible能一能够选出来的一合格的
【短语搭配】：eligible products合格产品
【真题例句】：Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. 只有当那些失业者带着个人简历来到人才市场，在网上的工作引擎中注册工作，开始找工作的时候，他们才有资格从保险中获益，然后他们必须每周报告而不是两周报告一次。

(2014年阅读text 1)
2. 13apparent [ə'pærənt]
a. 1. 显然的，明白的，清晰可见的 2. 表面上的，貌似(真实)的
【词根记忆】：ap(加强)+par(显示)+ent(形容词)→很清楚的显现了出来→显然的，明白的，清晰可见的
【短语搭配】：for no apparent reason 莫名其妙
apparent area可视面积，表面面积
【真题例句】：More apparent reasonableness followed. 接下来是更多的明显的合理之处。

(2014年阅读text 1)
3. 49claim [kleɪm]
vt.1.声称，断言2.对…提出要求，索取3.(灾难等)使失踪或死亡4.需要，值得n.1.要求，认领，索赔2.声称，断言
【词根记忆】：词根词claim →叫喊→声称，断言，要求
【短语搭配】：claim for要求;索取
lay claim to要求;自以为
make a claim索赔;对…提出要求
【真题例句】：“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,”he claimed. 他说：最初的几天主要用来找工作，而不是用来注册。

(2014年阅读text 1)
4. 44complete [kəm'plit]
adj.完整的;完全的;彻底的vt.完成
【词根记忆】：com(全部)+plete(满，填满)→全满→完全的
【短语搭配】：a complete set of一整套
complete with包括，连同
5. 3indulge [ɪn'dʌldʒ]
v.放任，纵容，沉溺;使(自己)纵情享受
【联想记忆】：in(里面)+dulge(dive跳)→跳进去→沉溺
【短语搭配】：indulge in沉湎于，沉溺于
【真题例句】：On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too
little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. 一听到这种说法，可以认为这是个很关注社会问题的部长，他在试图使生活变得更好，并且和“改革”作斗争使其成为一个明显的宽容政策，这种政策使得人们从刚刚失业变成找到工作并且获得津贴的懒人能够不费太大力气。

(2014年阅读text 1)
6. 7motivate ['motə'vet]
vt.&vi.1.作为…的机动，使具有…的机动 2.促动;激发，促成
【词根记忆】：mot移动+iv+ate动词后缀→激发
【短语搭配】：Motivate Yourself 自我激励
Motivate Employees 激励员工
7. 8ensure [ɪn'ʃʊr]
vt. 保证，确保;使安全
【词根记忆】：en(表示使动)+ sure (确信)→使确信→保证
【短语搭配】：ensure public security保安
【真题例句】：What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. 他这样做的目的是为了维护“基本的公平”——保护纳税人、控制开支、保证只有最需要的申请人才能领取救济金。

对此，我们予以理解。

(2014年阅读text 1)
8. 6Prospect ['prɑspɛkt]
n. 1. 前景,前途,(成功等的)可能性2. 景象,景色 3. 可能成为主顾的人vt. (for)勘探,勘察
【词根记忆】：pro(=before 向前)+ spect (看)→向前看→前景，前途
【短语搭配】：market prospect市场前景
bright prospect光明的前景，辉煌的前程
in prospect展望;在期望中;可以预料到
at the prospect of adj. 期待着(想到要)
【真题例句】：The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. 治癌前景尽管遥远，但已越来越明朗。

(1994年阅读Text 4 )
9. 5generous ['dʒɛnərəs]
a.1.慷慨的,大方的2.宽厚的,宽宏大量的3.大量的, 丰富的
【词根记忆】：gener(produce表示生产，出生) + ous (形容词的词尾，表示多)→生产出了很多产品，→1.大量的，丰富的→给了你很多东西→2.慷慨的，大方的→心胸宽大的，→3.宽厚的，宽宏大量的
【真题例句】：Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job-centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. 失业是痛苦的：你不会唱着歌在人才市场蹦蹦跳跳，，也不会因为有希望要从慷慨的政府那里使你的收入翻倍而高兴。

(2014年阅读text 1)
10. 6allowance [ə'laʊəns]
n.1.补贴，津贴2.零用钱 3.减价，折扣4.允许
【词根记忆】：allow-允许，留出，分配+ ance-名词后缀→允许
【真题例句】：There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. 失业救济金需要等七天时间才能领得到。

(2014年阅读Text1)。

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2014年考研英语一真题完整版 答案解析

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2014年考研英语（一）真题超精解【电子版】

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2014年考研英语一真题详解：阅读理解text1

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