考研英语真题：英语二(已公布)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题含答案解析2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,arguesthat the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in theUnited States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a fewconsider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
2023年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语二试题真题(含答案)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
英语2考研2024真题
英语2考研2024真题2024 English II Postgraduate Entrance ExaminationSection I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In the age of digital technology, privacy has become a major concern for many individuals. With the rise of social media and the internet, personal information is increasingly being1 online, raising questions about who has access to this data and how it is used. Companies often2 user data to tailor advertisements and improve their services, but this practice has led to3 concerns about the potential misuse of such information.The European Union has taken steps to address these issueswith the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This regulation 4 companies to obtain explicit consent from users before collecting their data and5 them the right to access, correct, or delete their personal information. However, critics argue that the GDPR is6 andthat it does not go far enough in protecting user privacy.In response to these concerns, some companies have 7 to develop new technologies that prioritize privacy. For example,Apple has introduced a feature called "App Tracking Transparency," which 8 users to control whether their data is shared with third parties. While these efforts are commendable, it is 9 that the fight for privacy is an ongoing battle that requires constant vigilance and 10.1. A. shared B. leaked C. stored D. uploaded2. A. collect B. analyze C. manipulate D. utilize3. A. ethical B. financial C. environmental D. political4. A. forces B. allows C. encourages D. requires5. A. grant B. deny C. limit D. revoke6. A. ambiguous B. insufficient C. excessive D. outdated7. A. committed B. hesitated C. refused D. agreed8. A. enables B. requires C. prevents D. prohibits9. A. inevitable B. evident C. necessary D. possible10. A. innovation B. regulation C. education D. enforcementSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1The recent surge in remote work has led to a significant increase in the demand for home office equipment. Companies are now scrambling to meet the needs of their employees who are working from home. This has resulted in a boom for thefurniture industry, as people are investing in ergonomic chairs and desks to create comfortable and productive workspaces.Question 21: What is the main reason for the increase in demand for home office equipment?A. The rise in remote workB. The need for ergonomic furnitureC. The boom in the furniture industryD. The scramble of companies to meet employee needsText 2The impact of climate change on global food security is a growing concern. Experts warn that rising temperatures and changing weather patterns could lead to reduced crop yields and increased food prices. This could have severe consequences for millions of people around the world who are already struggling with food insecurity.Question 22: What is the potential consequence of climate change on global food security?A. Increased crop yieldsB. Reduced food pricesC. Reduced crop yieldsD. Improved food securityText 3The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is expected to revolutionize the industry. AI has the potentialto improve diagnostics, personalize treatments, and reduce healthcare costs. However, there are concerns about the ethical implications of AI, including issues related to data privacy and patient consent.Question 23: What is one potential benefit of using AI in healthcare?A. Improved diagnosticsB. Increased healthcare costsC. Reduced data privacyD. Decreased patient consentText 4The role of education in promoting social mobility has been a topic of debate. Some argue that education is a key factor in enabling individuals to move up the social ladder, while others believe that the current education system perpetuates social inequality. The debate highlights the need for reform in education to ensure equal opportunities for all.Question 24: What is the main point of the debate on the role of education in social mobility?A. Education is key to social mobilityB. Education perpetuates social inequalityC. Education does not affect social mobilityD. Education reform is needed to ensure equal opportunitiesPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions 25-30 by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text 5[Text omitted for brevity]Question 25: What is the main idea of the text?A. [Answer omitted for brevity]。
考研英语二真题及答案（word完整版）
考研英语二真题及答案（word完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 underground It's a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldn't know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ："Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as"creep,"We fear we'II be 7 We fear we'II be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones."Phones become our security blanket，"Wortmann says."They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up，it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and JulianaSchroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 withthe experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C]signall [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C]another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C]plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C]notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resis [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C]In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] Iogical [D] rare答案：1. signal2. Much3. plugged4. message5. behind6. misinterpreted7. judged8. unfamiliar9. anxious 10. turn11. dangerous 12. hurt 13. Conversation 14. passengers15. predict 16. ride 17. went through 18. in fact19. since 20. simple。
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题
2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题2023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination in English II2023年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I: Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People may think that sight and hearing are the most important senses for human beings, but we can go without them and still live quite a(n) (1) life. It is true that a person who is blind or deaf has to develop other senses more, but this does not make his life impossible. However, one thing humans cannot survive without is touch.Touch provides information about the world around us. It tells us whether an object is (2) or cold, rough or smooth, hard or soft. We touch things to find out what they are like and to learn about the world we live in. We learn about (3) from touch very young, and even when we are grown, we continue learning from it. That is why people who cannot see or hear canlearn to do things almost as well as anybody else, but people who cannot touch things cannot live on their own.There have been studies done on infants who were (4) touch from other people because of insensitivity to pain. These children have a difficult time holding a baby bottle or writing. If they don't have the sensation of touch, they will not be able to live alone when they grow up.When a person loses touch with another person, or when a person gets cut off from the society around him, he feels alone. We need touch as much as we need to eat or sleep. If we (5) away from people who are close, we suffer even more than we do when we cannot eat or sleep.Part B: Listening Comprehension(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear short conversations. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.(2)Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following conversation.M: Have you thought about which college you want to go to?W: Yeah, I've been considering several options. But I'm still not sure where to go.Question 6: What has the woman been doing?Question 7: What is the woman's current situation?Question 8: What can be inferred from the conversation?(4)Questions 9 to 11 are based on the following conversation.M: I heard that there will be a new professor for the psychology course next semester.W: Yes, and I hope he will assign less reading than the previous professor.(5)Question 9: What will happen next semester?Question 10: How does the woman feel about the previous professor?Question 11: What can be inferred about the woman?(6)Questions 12 to 15 are based on the following passage.M: Excuse me, could you please give me directions to the nearest post office?W: Sure, just walk straight ahead for about three blocks. It will be on your left.Question 12: Where does the man want to go?Question 13: How far is it from the man's location?Question 14: Which direction should the man go?Question 15: What can be inferred from the conversation?Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 minutes)Part A: Text Completion(1)Directions: Read the following three texts. Choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)Text 1Many people nowadays choose to (16) physically active to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Whether it's jogging, swimming, cycling, or participating in team sports, exercise is an important part of our daily routine. However, there are numerous benefits to adding a new dimension to your regular exercise program: engaging in mindfulness exercises.(3)Text 2Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just science fiction. It is now a (17) part of our daily lives. From voice assistants like Siri and Alexa torecommendation systems on streaming platforms, AI algorithms are at the core of these technologies. Despite its increasing influence, AI still (18) many people.(4)Text 3Being organized is a valuable (19) for success. It helps us manage our time effectively, reduces stress, and increases productivity. However, staying (20) is not always easy, especially in today's fast-paced world.Part B: Reading Comprehension(1)Directions: Read the following three passages. Answer the questions according to the information given in each passage. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.(2)Passage 1(3)Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the oceans, causing serious environmental problems. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, located between California and Hawaii, is a massive collection of floating debris that spans an area twice the size of Texas. Plastic waste poses a significant threat to marine life, as animals can mistake it for food or become entangled in it.To tackle this issue, various solutions have been proposed, including plastic recycling and reducing single-use plastics. However, one innovative approach gaining attention is the use of sustainable materials for packaging and product design.(4)Passage 2(5)Space tourism has long been considered a futuristic concept reserved for the wealthy elite. However, with advancements in technology and private space companies like SpaceX, the dream of traveling to space may soon become a reality for ordinary citizens. While the cost of space travel remains high, several companies are working on making it more accessible to the general public.(6)Passage 3(7)The concept of universal basic income (UBI) has gained traction in recent years as a potential solution to income inequality and automation-induced job loss. UBI involves providing every citizen with a guaranteed income, regardless of their employment status. Proponents argue that it could alleviate poverty, provide a safety net, and empower individuals to pursue their passions and entrepreneurial endeavors.Section III: Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes)Part A: Vocabulary(1)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)1. The new shopping mall offers a wide variety of __________, from luxury brands to affordable options.2. The employee's __________ performance led to his promotion.3. The professor's lecture was so __________ that many of the students fell asleep.4. The company has implemented stricter __________ measures to prevent theft.5. The book provides a __________ overview of the history of modern art.Part B: Grammar and Structure(1)Directions: For each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.(2)6. She __________ studying for two hours when her friends called her.7. __________ you bring an umbrella, you will get wet in the rain.8. The teacher asked the students __________ they had finished their homework.9. I wish I __________ more time to spend with my family.10. It's __________ that we finish the report by tomorrow.Section IV: Error Correction (10 minutes)(1)Directions: There are ten errors in the following passage. Each line contains one error. You should correct the errors by underlining the incorrect part and writing the correct part in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.(2)Example:My father is lawyer. My father is a lawyer.(3)Text:China has a long history ancient civilization, (11)_________________________________dating back over 5,000 years. It is known by (12)_________________________________its rich cultural heritage and many historical (13)_________________________________landmarks. The Great Wall of China being one (14)_________________________________the most famous attractions in the world, (15)_________________________________drawing millions visitors each year. In (16)_________________________________addition, Chinese cuisine has become (17)_________________________________popular all around a world, with dishes (18)_________________________________such as dumplings and Peking duck enjoyed (19)_________________________________by people around the globe. The Chinese (20)_________________________________Section V: Writing (30 minutes)(1)Directions: In this part of the test, you are required to write an essay on the topic of "The Benefits of Bilingual Education." You should write at least 250 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(2)双语教育的好处(3)1. 双语教育可以提高语言能力；2. 双语教育对认知能力的提升有积极影响；3. 双语教育有助于培养跨文化沟通能力；4. 双语教育对就业和全球竞争力的意义。
2023-年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题考研英语二
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today ：you're the CEO of a small business,and though you're making a nice 1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2．[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3．[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4．[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5．[A]identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6．[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7．[A]despite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides8．[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again9．[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed10．[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal11．[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease12．[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight13．[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transferring 14．[A]As a result[B]At any rate[C]By the way[D]In a sense 15．[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose16．[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden17．[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment 18．[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respectable19．[A]Before[B]Once[C]While[D]Unless20．[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followingfour texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut-and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of theproblems fake grass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the green-wash”of artificial grass,already has more than 20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one callingfor a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecologicaldamage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282signaturesHowever,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also anenvironmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing andtherefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also pointsout that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer orother treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use theirgarden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grassspend an average of£500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,whichprovides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30,000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.It added:"We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters,However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass________.[A]is harmful to the environment[B]is a hot topic in gardening circles[C]is overpraised in the annual show[D]is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’________.[A]disappointment with the RHS[B]resistance to fake grass use[C]anger over the proposed tax[D]concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph 4,supporters of fake grass point out________.[A]the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B]the disadvantages of growing real grass[C]the way to take care of artificial lawns[D]the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A]Urge legislation to restrict its use.[B]Take measures to guarantee its quality.[C]Remind its users to obey existing rules[D]Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass______.[A]is being improved continuously[B]has seen a market share decline[C]is becoming increasingly affordable[D]has been a controversial productText2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12 billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about 5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of 700U.S.taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some 81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S.residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America's past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only＄3billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more than50%since 1980,and now stands a t330 million visitors per year. 26.what problem are U.S.national parks facedwith?[A]Decline of business profits[B]Inadequate commercialization[C]Lack of transportation services[D]poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased privatization of the campgroundsmay________.[A]spoil visitor experience[B]help preserve nature[C]bring operational pressure[D]boost visits to parks28.According to paragraph 5 most respondents in the surveywould[A]go to the national parks on a regular basis[B]advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C]agree to pay extra for the national parks[D]support the national parks'receive reformsText3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In 2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer(“an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,”for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didn't remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adopting to new communications technology,”Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as“cognitiveoffloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks,libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,”Sparrow says,adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J.Simons.And surfing the web exercisedthe brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,”observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better?At this point,we don't know.”31.Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brainwill________.[A]analyze information in detail[B]collect information efficiently[C]switch its focus of memory[D]extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”________.[A]helps us identify false information[B]keeps our memory from failing[C]Enables us to classify trivial facts[D]lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about theInternet?[A]It may reform our learning approach[B]It may impact our society negatively[C]It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D]It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains[A]requires further academic research[B]is most studied in older adults[C]is reflected in our reading speed[D]depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that________.[A]our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B]the Internet is weakening our memory[C]memory exercise is a must for our brains[D]our ability to focus declines with ageText436.According to Paragraph,children growing into adolescence tend to[A]develop opposite personality traits[B]see the word in an unreasonable way[C]have fond memories of their past[D]show affection for their parents37.It can be learned from 2 that Crone'sstudy________.[A]explores teenagers'socialresponsibilities[B]examines teenagers'emotionalproblems[C]provides a new insight intoadolescence[D]highlights negative adolescentbehavior38.What does crone's study find about prosocialbehavior?[A]It results from the wish to cooperate[B]It is cultivated through education[C]It is subject to family influence[D]It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers________.[A]over-stress their influence on others[B]care a lot about social recognition[C]Become anxious about their future[D]Endeavor to live a joyful life40.What is the text mainly about________.[A]Why teenagers are self-contradictory.[B]Why teenagers arerisk-sensitive.[C]How teenagers develop prosociality.[D]How teenagers become independent.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensionssoaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.They set new standards for ventilation,energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of MasterBuilders,saysthe measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,"he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he explains.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,says this will bring in newrestrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflightsmust cover no more than 25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,"hesays.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developerswere rushing to file plans just before the deadline.Any plans submittedbefore that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can goahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed thepaperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says MarcusJefford of Build Aviator.Materials prices are already up 25%in the last two years.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is notclear."Whilst admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost ofhousebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out ofhomeownership,"says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association ofProperty Buyers.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs."John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes priceswill eventually come down.But not in the immediate future."As themarketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies thatsupport them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bringcosts down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.”he says.However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Andrew Mellor,of PRP architects.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings.It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)In the late 18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to another world and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can bedramatic,funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come to life when they are recited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer. Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsAn art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and yourfriend David asks you which one he should go to.Write him an email to1)make a suggestion,and2)give your reason(s)Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEETDo not use your own name in your email,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,youshould 1)describe and interpret the chart and2)give your comments.Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)health literacy健康素养2011-2021我国居民健康素养水平。
2024研究生考试英语二试题
2024研究生考试英语二试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）The company _______ a new product to the market last month.A. launchedB. establishedC. introducedD. developedThe report _______ a detailed analysis of the current economic situation.A. containsB. includesC. comprisesD. coversShe _______ her job as a teacher to pursue a career in writing.A. gave upB. gave awayC. gave outD. gave inThe novel is set in a _______ town in the 19th century.A. fictionalB. historicalC. traditionalD. literaryThe scientist's theory _______ the existing knowledge in the field.A. contradictedB. complementedC. contrastedD. contrasted with_______ the weather, we decided to have an outdoor barbecue.A. In spite ofB. In view ofC. In favor ofD. In terms ofThe government has _______ new measures to tackle the problem of air pollution.A. takenB. introducedC. madeD. broughtThe movie was so _______ that I fell asleep halfway through.A. boringB. interestingC. excitingD. amazingIt was only when he saw the photo _______ he realized who the man was.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whoThe project, _______ in 2020, aims to improve the efficiency of energy production.A. launchedB. to be launchedC. having launchedD. being launched二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1.The _______ (process) of making tea involves several steps, including boilingwater and steeping the tea leaves.2.The _______ (importance) of education cannot be overstated, as it lays thefoundation for a person's future.3.The _______ (conclusion) of the study suggested that exercise had a positiveimpact on mental health.4.The book was written by a(n) _______ (well-known) author and attracted a lotof attention.5.The _______ (discovery) of the new planet was a groundbreaking event in the fieldof astronomy.6.The company's _______ (financial) performance has improved significantly inrecent years.7.The _______ (goal) of the project is to reduce energy consumption and increaseefficiency.8.The _______ (decision) to cancel the event was made due to low participation.9.The _______ (conclusion) of the argument was that both sides had valid points.10.The government is working on a plan to improve _______ (infrastructure) in ruralareas.三、作文（20分）Title: The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and ChallengesDirections: Write an essay of about 200 words discussing the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in the future. Analyze how AI is likely to affect various aspects of society, including economy, education, and privacy. Finally, offer your own on how to balance the benefits and risks of AI development.。
2024年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题
2024年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1National Master's Entrance Examination 2024Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By car.B. By bus.C. By plane.D. By train.2. A. Black.B. Blue.C. Red.D. White.3. A. At 2:00.B. At 2:15.C. At 2:30.D. At 2:45.4. A. She's from France.B. She's from Germany.C. She's from Italy.D. She's from Spain.5. A. In a restaurant.B. In a library.C. In a park.D. In a classroom. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 6 to 10 with the exact words you have just heard. For the third time, please check what you have written.6. ________________7. ________________8. ________________9. ________________10. ________________Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, or D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on Passage One.11. What is the aim of the passage?A. To introduce information about Facebook.B. To discuss the disadvantages of using Facebook.C. To emphasize the importance of Facebook.D. To provide opinions on using Facebook.12. According to the passage, what can be inferred about Facebook?A. It is beneficial for students' academic performance.B. It poses a threat to students' academic performance.C. It has no impact on students' academic performance.D. It is mainly used by teachers.13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Social networking.B. Facebook addiction.C. Class participation.D. Teacher satisfaction.14. What contributes to students' excessive use of Facebook?A. Lack of interest in education.B. Need for social approval.C. Strict regulations on internet use.D. Limited access to technology.15. What does the passage suggest about controlling Facebook use among students?A. It can be achieved through punishment.B. It requires teachers' active involvement.C. It should be left to students' discretion.D. It will not affect students' academic performance.Passage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on Passage Two.16. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of reading.B. The impact of technology on reading.C. The history of reading.D. The decline of reading habits.17. According to the passage, what has contributed to the decline in reading habits?A. The popularity of e-books.B. The convenience of audiobooks.C. The limited access to libraries.D. The lack of educational programs.18. What can be inferred about reading in the digital age?A. It has led to an increase in reading habits.B. It has transformed the way people read.C. It has eliminated the need for traditional books.D. It has made reading less enjoyable.19. What does the author suggest regarding reading choices?A. People should only read classic literature.B. People should explore different genres.C. People should avoid reading non-fiction.D. People should focus on reading bestsellers.20. What impact does the author believe reading can have on individuals?A. It can improve mental health.B. It can lead to social isolation.C. It can hinder cognitive development.D. It can limit creativity.Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on Passage Three.21. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the benefits of meditation.B. To discuss the popularity of mindfulness.C. To emphasize the importance of relaxation.D. To describe the practice of meditation.22. What did the study by JAMA Internal Medicine find about the effects of meditation?A. It can help reduce stress levels.B. It has no impact on physical health.C. It can increase the risk of heart disease.D. It is only effective for young adults.23. How does the author view the future of meditation?A. It will become less popular.B. It will replace traditional medicine.C. It will continue to gain acceptance.D. It will lose its effectiveness.24. According to the passage, what benefit does mindfulness meditation offer?A. Improved mental clarity.B. Enhanced physical strength.C. Higher academic achievement.D. Reduced social interactions.25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. Meditation is a temporary trend.B. Meditation has no proven benefits.C. Meditation can have positive effects.D. Meditation is only for the elderly.Part III Cloze TestDirections: In this section, there are 10 blanks in Passage Four. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage FourOne of the most important skills for anyone who is using English as a second language is the ability to listen. When people start learning a language, they usually focus on(26)_________ from books, which is important, but listening plays a vital role in improving(27)_________ listening comprehension. Listening to native speakers can help you understand proper pronunciation and intonation. The (28)_________ you listen to English, the more familiar you will become with the language. This will enable you to understand different accents and dialects more easily.(29)_________ English is not only about listening to others speak but also about understanding what is being said. This is why listening practice is so important. It helpslearners(30)_________ the language in real-life situations. Many people find it difficult to follow a conversation between native speakers because they are used to(31)_________ in a structured classroom environment. Listening to various English materials,such as podcasts, news broadcasts, and movies, can improve your listening(32)_________.In addition, listening can(33)_________ vocabulary acquisition. By listening to spoken English, you will become more familiar with the words and phrases that native speakers use. This can help you expand your vocabulary and improve your abilityto(34)_________ effectively. As you listen to more English, you will become more confident in your ability to(35)_________ spoken language.26. A. learningB. learnC. learnedD. to learn27. A. theirB. hisC. herD. your28. A. frequentlyB. frequentC. more frequentD. most frequent29. A. LearningB. To learnC. LearnedD. To learning30. A. usingB. usesC. useD. used31. A. studyB. studiedC. studyingD. to study32. A. capabilityB. capableC. capabilitiesD. capably33. A. promoteB. promotingC. promotesD. promoted34. A. communicateB. communicationC. communicativeD. communications35. A. understandB. understandingC. understoodD. understandsPart IV WritingSection ADirections: In this section, you are required to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Higher Education inToday's Society." You should write at least 200 words and present your opinion with relevant examples and explanations.Section BDirections: In this section, you are required to write an email to a professor requesting feedback on your research paper. In your email, you should introduce yourself, provide a brief overview of your paper, and politely ask for the professor's feedback. You should write at least 100 words and ensure your email is well-structured and professional.End of TestGood luck with your examination!篇22024 National Postgraduate Entrance ExaminationEnglish IIPart I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them,there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on this passage.Water scarcity is becoming an increasing problem globally, with many countries facing the challenge of limited access to clean drinking water. The number of people suffering from water scarcity is expected to rise due to factors such as climate change and polluted water sources. This issue not only affects human health, but also has serious implications for agriculture and food production.1. What is the main problem discussed in the passage?A) Climate change.B) Water scarcity.C) Health issues.D) Food production.2. What is causing the increase in water scarcity?A) Pollution.B) Climate change.C) Population growth.D) Industrial development.3. Why is water scarcity a serious problem for agriculture?A) It affects food production.B) It causes pollution.C) It leads to climate change.D) It harms human health.4. What is the expected outcome of water scarcity?A) Increased access to clean water.B) Enhanced food production.C) Medical breakthroughs.D) More people suffering.5. What does the passage suggest about the future of water resources?A) They will remain stable.B) They will become more plentiful.C) They will become scarcer.D) They will become more polluted.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on this passage.Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditionalgasoline-powered cars. The adoption of EVs can help reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to efforts to combat climate change. However, the high cost of EVs and limited charging infrastructure are barriers to widespread adoption.6. What is the main advantage of EVs over traditional cars?A) They are cheaper to purchase.B) They are more powerful.C) They produce less pollution.D) They have longer range.7. How do EVs help combat climate change?A) By increasing air pollution.B) By emitting fewer greenhouse gases.C) By consuming more energy.D) By using fossil fuels.8. What is a barrier to the widespread adoption of EVs?A) Low fuel efficiency.B) High cost.C) Lack of power.D) Limited speed.9. Why is charging infrastructure important for EVs?A) It reduces emissions.B) It improves performance.C) It extends battery life.D) It increases convenience.10. What is the potential impact of widespread EV adoption?A) Increased air pollution.B) Reduced greenhouse gas emissions.C) Higher energy consumption.D) More fossil fuel use.Section BDirections: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there is a choice of four alternatives marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on this passage.Technology plays a significant role in modern education, offering new opportunities for learning and teaching. Tools such as online courses and educational apps have transformed the way students access information and interact with teachers. However, there are concerns about the impact of technology on students' attention spans and academic performance.11. What does technology provide in modern education?A) New opportunities.B) Traditional methods.C) Fewer resources.D) Limited access.12. How have online courses and educational apps changed education?A) They have decreased student-teacher interactions.B) They have improved student performance.C) They have limited information access.D) They have caused distractions.13. What are some concerns about technology in education?A) Increased student engagement.B) Reduced attention spans.C) Enhanced academic performance.D) Improved teaching methods.14. What impact does technology have on students' attention spans?A) It improves focus.B) It decreases concentration.C) It enhances memory.D) It boosts creativity.15. How does technology influence academic performance?A) It has a positive impact.B) It has a negative impact.C) It has no impact.D) It depends on the student.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on this passage.The rise of social media has transformed how people communicate and share information online. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow users to connect with others, express opinions, and discover new content. However, there are concerns about privacy, cyberbullying, and misinformation on social media.16. What has social media changed in online communication?A) Information sharing.B) Connectivity.C) Privacy.D) Content discovery.17. What can users do on social media platforms?A) Connect with others.B) Protect their privacy.C) Avoid cyberbullying.D) Share misinformation.18. What are some concerns about social media?A) Information sharing.B) Privacy violations.C) Positive interactions.D) Authentic content.19. How do privacy issues affect social media users?A) They enhance security.B) They increase trust.C) They raise concerns.D) They improve communication.20. What is a potential downside of social media use?A) Enhanced connectivity.B) Cyberbullying.C) Privacy protection.D) Misinformation prevention.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet.21. The temperature dropped ___________ we had to cancel the picnic.A) unlessB) soC) thereforeD) consequently22. Mary is the _____ girl on the team, always cheering her teammates on.A) happyB) nicestC) happierD) happiest23. The government has implemented new __________ to reduce traffic congestion.A) rulesB) lawsC) regulationsD) restrictions24. The world's oceans are facing a ___________ threat from pollution and climate change.A) significantB) littleC) minorD) minor25. _________ the rain, the farmers' crops will be ruined.A) WithoutB) DespiteC) AlthoughD) Even26. Tom enjoys _________ different types of cuisine when he travels.A) tastingB) testedC) tasteD) tastes27. The students _________ in the library when the fire alarm went off.A) studyingB) were studiedC) were studyingD) is studying28. We must _________ measures to protect the environment.A) takeB) takingC) tookD) taking29. The company plans to _________ its production capacity by 20%.A) increaseB) increasedC) increasingD) increases30. The movie was _________ long, so we left before it finished.A) soB) tooC) suchD) veryPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each one, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the best one and mark it on the Answer Sheet.Passage FiveQuestions 31 to 35 are based on this passage.Climate change is a pressing issue that requires immediate action to mitigate its effects. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise are some of the consequences of climate change. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources.31. What issue requires immediate action?A) Pollution.B) Climate change.C) Deforestation.D) Water scarcity.32. What are some consequences of climate change?A) Decreased temperatures.B) Increased greenhouse gases.C) Rising sea levels.D) Improved weather.33. Who needs to collaborate to address climate change?A) Governments, businesses, and individuals.B) Scientists only.C) Corporations.D) Politicians.34. What must be done to mitigate climate change?A) Increase greenhouse gas emissions.B) Reduce renewable energy sources.C) Promote deforestation.D) Transition to renewable energy sources.35. What is a key solution to combat climate change?A) Plant more trees.B) Reduce emissions.C) Use fossil fuels.D) Ignore the problem.Passage SixQuestions 36 to 40 are based on this passage.Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various industries, from healthcare to finance. Through machine learning and data analysis, AI systems can automate tasks, improve efficiency, and enhance decision-making processes. However, there are concerns about the ethical implications and potential job displacement caused by AI.36. What is revolutionizing industries?A) Automation.B) Robotics.C) Artificial intelligence.D) Data analysis.37. How can AI systems improve efficiency?A) Through data analysis.B) By reducing tasks.C) By employing more people.D) By increasing errors.38. What are some ethical concerns about AI?A) Job displacement.B) Data analysis.C) Automation.D) Potential biases.39. What could AI systems lead to in terms of jobs?A) Increased opportunities.B) Enhanced creativity.C) Job displacement.D) Improved work-life balance.40. How can the ethical implications of AI be addressed?A) Through increased automation.B) By reducing data analysis.C) By implementing regulations.D) Through job displacement.Part IV Writing (20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Importance of Learning English. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 英语是一门国际通用语言，具有重要的地位。
英语二考研真题2024
英语二考研真题2024# English II Postgraduate Entrance Examination 2024## Section I: Use of English### Part A: Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.Text 1: The Impact of Technology on EducationIn recent years, the integration of technology into the classroom has been a topic of much debate. While some argue that it enhances learning, others believe it can be a distraction. This text explores the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in education.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the text?A. The debate over technology in educationB. The history of educational technologyC. The types of technology used in classroomsD. The future of education without technology2. What is one benefit of using technology in education mentioned in the text?A. Increased student engagementB. Reduced classroom costsC. Decreased student interactionD. Elimination of the need for teachers3. What is a potential drawback of using technology in education?A. It can help students focus better.B. It may lead to a lack of face-to-face interaction.C. It always improves test scores.D. It is too expensive for most schools.Text 2: Climate Change and Its EffectsClimate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. This text examines the causes of climate change and itseffects on the environment, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity.Questions:4. What does the text primarily discuss?A. The causes of climate changeB. The solutions to climate changeC. The denial of climate changeD. The history of climate change research5. What is one effect of climate change mentioned in the text?A. Increased agricultural yieldsB. Decreased global temperaturesC. Rising sea levelsD. The stabilization of weather patterns6. What does the text suggest about the future if climate change continues unchecked?A. It will lead to a more stable environment.B. It will have no significant impact.C. It will result in irreversible damage.D. It will benefit certain industries.### Part B: Cloze TestDirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best fits the context and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.In the digital age, privacy has become a 71 concern for many individuals. The rise of social media has made it easier than ever to 72 personal information. Companies collect data to 73 their services and 74 advertisements. However, this has raised questions about 75 and the potential misuse of this data.71.A. minorB. majorC. negligibleD. occasional72.A. secureB. shareC. discloseD. conceal73. A. customizeB. abandonC. evaluateD. duplicate74.A. obscureB. targetC. diversifyD. reject75.A. ethicsB. aestheticsC. dynamicsD. statistics## Section II: Reading Comprehension### Part A: Reading in DepthQuestions 76-80 are based on the following text.Text 3: The Benefits of BilingualismBeing bilingual offers numerous cognitive and social advantages. This text delves into the benefits of speaking two languages, including enhanced problem-solving skills,better multitasking abilities, and improved memory.Questions:76. What is the main idea of the text?A. The challenges of being bilingual.B. The social implications of bilingualism.C. The cognitive benefits of bilingualism.D. The economic advantages of bilingualism.77. According to the text, which of the following is abenefit of bilingualism?A. Increased risk of cognitive decline.B. Improved ability to learn new languages.C. Reduced memory capacity.D. Decreased problem-solving skills.78. What does the text suggest about the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive flexibility?A. There is no significant relationship.B. Bilingualism may hinder cognitive flexibility.C. Bilingualism can improve cognitive flexibility.D. Cognitive flexibility decreases with age in bilingual individuals.79. What is one social advantage of bilingualism mentioned in the text?A. It can lead to cultural misunderstandings.B. It can facilitate better communication with a wider range of people.C. It can limit job opportunities.D. It can cause。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》真题及答案一.完形填空下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题。
Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you’re the CEO of a small business,and though you’re making a nice 1 ,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow. Let’s look at a real-world 4 .Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had50employees working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, 8 ,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this 12 ,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent. But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.【完形填空】第1题A.purchaseB.profitC.connectionD.bet正确答案：B2.【完形填空】第2题A.defineB.predictC.prioritizeD.appreciate正确答案：D3.【完形填空】第3题A.exclusivelyB.temporarilyC.potentiallyD.initially正确答案：A4.【完形填空】第4题A.experimentB.proposalC.debateD.example正确答案：D5.【完形填空】第5题A.identicalB.marginalC.provisionalD.traditional正确答案：D6.【完形填空】第6题A.rumorB.secretC.mythD.problem正确答案：D7.【完形填空】第7题A.despiteB.unlikeC.throughD.besides正确答案：A8.【完形填空】第8题A.moreoverB.howeverC.thereforeD.again正确答案：B9.【完形填空】第9题A.inspectedB.createdC.expandedD.reformed正确答案：B10.【完形填空】第10题A.culturalB.objectiveC.freshD.personal正确答案：C11.【完形填空】第11题A.endB.burdenckD.decrease正确答案：C12.【完形填空】第12题A.policyB.suggestionC.viewD.result正确答案：D13.【完形填空】第13题A.contributingB.allocatingC.promotingD.transferring正确答案：C14.【完形填空】第14题A.As a resultB.At any rateC.By the wayD.In a sense正确答案：A15.【完形填空】第15题A.uniteB.financeC.followD.choose正确答案：A16.【完形填空】第16题A.shareB.identifyC.divideD.broaden正确答案：B17.【完形填空】第17题A.announcementB.assessmentC.adjustmentD.accomplishment正确答案：D18.【完形填空】第18题A.famousB.responsibleC.availableD.respectable正确答案：B19.【完形填空】第19题A.BeforeB.OnceC.WhileD.Unless正确答案：C20.【完形填空】第20题A.serveB.limitC.summarizeD.alter正确答案：A二.【阅读理解Part A】下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】英语二真题：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used tobe .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept incold foxholes,who went without the（ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not . is just a military abbreviation （7) GovernmentIssue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And JoeA common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,JoeMagrac …a working class United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portraydethemselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, . Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means[C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text bychoosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even manyparents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. Schooldistricts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, arerevising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, .Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with theexception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for morethan 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students fromimpoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. Butthe policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should beassigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if thedistrict is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do theirhomework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close tothe implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat ofschooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. Butwith homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students caneasily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on theirreport cards. Some students might do well on state tests withoutcompleting their homework, but what about the students who performed wellon the tests and did their homeworkIt is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empoweringteachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes aflat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thornyquestions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportantto its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce oreliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework studentsare not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for . Unified to do homework right.is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homeworkto Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for gradessuitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel versionof red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs abouttheir psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phasewas something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” betweeninfant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”becamea common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest waysto segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, ,the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and intereststo Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumptionmay learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advisedto_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' termscan be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3'%“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatents totwogenssthathelpforecastawoman',acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessing tofirmsandpatientsalike.“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromc ottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,,.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are ea ger to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----executives to be activeto rule out gene patentingto be patcntablcBIO to issue a warningwho are against gene patents believe that----tests are not reliableman-made products are patentableon genes depend much on innovatiaonshould restrict access to gene tic teststo hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----disease comelationsgene interactionspictures of geneshuman DNAsaying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----supreme court was authoritativeBIO was a powerful organizationpatenting was a great concernwere keen to attend conventiongsspeaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----Text 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it islikely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become lessmaterialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the . ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness mayreinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentmentthat has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the . was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape oursocial fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recessionto Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyleFriedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classesresearch of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the othersauthor thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favouritehistorical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch beganwork on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned onits head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who doesall that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation:Translate the following text from English into your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developedworld ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around %of all Indians over the age of "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：TEXT1：21. ATEXT2：TEXT3：TEXT4：新题型：41-45：AFGCE 翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2024考研英语二试卷
1、The rise of e-commerce has significantly impacted traditional retail by ________.A. decreasing foot traffic in physical storesB. increasing the cost of goods soldC. limiting the variety of products availableD. enhancing the complexity of supply chains (答案：A)2、In the realm of cybersecurity, "phishing" refers to ________.A. a legitimate email request for personal informationB. the process of encrypting sensitive dataC. a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information through disguised communicationD. a software designed to protect computers from viruses (答案：C)3、The implementation of telemedicine has primarily aimed to ________.A. replace face-to-face medical consultationsB. increase healthcare costs for patientsC. provide remote medical services and adviceD. reduce the need for specialized medical training (答案：C)4、Which of the following is a key driver of global economic growth in recent years?A. Decreased international tradeB. Technological advancements and innovationC. Reduction in foreign investmentsD. Limitations on resource extraction (答案：B)5、The term "sustainable agriculture" emphasizes ________.A. maximizing short-term crop yieldsB. using environmentally friendly farming practicesC. relying heavily on synthetic fertilizersD. ignoring long-term soil health (答案：B)6、The primary goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives is to ________.A. maximize profits at the expense of the environmentB. ensure compliance with legal minimumsC. integrate economic, social, and environmental concerns into business operationsD. limit corporate engagement with local communities (答案：C)7、The concept of "the gig economy" refers to ________.A. a traditional employment model with fixed hours and benefitsB. a flexible labor market characterized by temporary or freelance workC. a system where only high-skilled jobs are availableD. an economy driven solely by technology companies (答案：B)8、In the field of marketing, "segmentation" involves ________.A. dividing a market into distinct groups based on shared characteristicsB. selling products at the lowest possible priceC. promoting a single product to all consumersD. ignoring customer preferences in advertising campaigns (答案：A)9、The shift towards renewable energy sources is driven by concerns over ________.A. the abundance of fossil fuelsB. the stability of oil pricesC. environmental degradation and climate changeD. the efficiency of traditional energy infrastructure (答案：C)10、In the context of business strategy, "blue ocean strategy" focuses on ________.A. competing in existing market spaces with rivalsB. creating new market spaces and demand through innovationC. reducing costs by copying competitors' strategiesD. maintaining the status quo in the industry (答案：B)。
考研英语二真题2024
考研英语二真题2024Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.1. News Report 1- Summary: An international conference on climate change was held in New York, where representatives from various countries discussed the urgent need for global cooperation to address the climate crisis.- Questions:1. What is the main topic of the conference?A) Economic developmentB) Climate changeC) International securityD) Technological innovation2. What action did the representatives agree to take?A) Increase military spendingB) Reduce carbon emissionsC) Expand trade agreementsD) Launch a space mission2. News Report 2- Summary: Scientists have discovered a new species of deep-sea fish in the Mariana Trench, which has unique bioluminescent properties.- Questions:1. Where was the new species of fish found?A) The Amazon rainforestB) The Mariana TrenchC) The Great Barrier ReefD) The Antarctic ice sheet2. What makes this fish unique?A) Its sizeB) Its colorC) Its bioluminescenceD) Its longevity3. News Report 3- Summary: A breakthrough in medical technology has allowed for the first successful transplant of a 3D-printed heart in a human patient.- Questions:1. What is the significance of this medical achievement?A) It lowers the cost of heart surgeryB) It increases the availability of donor heartsC) It reduces the need for organ donorsD) It shortens the recovery time post-surgery2. What material was used to print the heart?A) Titanium alloyB) Biocompatible polymerC) CeramicD) Stainless steelSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken twice, and you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Conversation 1- Summary: Two students discuss their plans for the upcoming semester, including courses they intend to take and their career aspirations.- Questions:1. What course is the woman interested in taking next semester?A) Advanced PhysicsB) Introduction to PsychologyC) Comparative LiteratureD) Environmental Science2. What is the man's career goal?A) To become a software engineerB) To work in environmental conservationC) To be a professional athleteD) To start his own businessConversation 2- Summary: A customer service representative assists a customer with a technical issue regarding a newly purchased device.- Questions:1. What seems to be the problem with the customer's device?A) It won't turn onB) It's overheatingC) It's not connecting to the internetD) It's missing some pre-installed software2. What does the representative suggest the customer do first?A) Restart the deviceB) Update the softwareC) Contact the retailerD) Return the device for a refundPart II Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)Section ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A), B), C), or D). Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.Text 1- - Summary: This article explores the effects of social media usage on individuals' mental well-being, highlightingboth positive and negative aspects.Questions:1. What is the main focus of the article?2. What positive effect of social media does the author mention?3. What negative consequence of social media is discussed in the article?Text 2- Title: The Future of Work: Automation and Its Implications - Summary: The article discusses the impact of automation on the job market and the potential changes in the nature of work in the coming years.Questions:1. What is the central theme of the article?2. What is the potential impact of automation on employment?3. How does the author suggest individuals prepare。
2021年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2021年考研英语二真题及答案解析一、阅读理解（Part A）Passage 1Passage 2This passage explores the impact of social media on mental health. It acknowledges that social media can be a useful tool for staying connected with friends and family, but also highlights the negative effects it can have on mental wellbeing, such as increased feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression. The author suggests strategies for managing social media use, such as setting limits on screen time, unfollowing accounts that cause negative feelings, and engaging in offline activities.Passage 3This passage discusses the benefits of exercise for brain health. It explains how physical activity can improve cognitive function, memory, and mood. The author provides examples of different types of exercise that can benefit the brain, such as aerobic exercise, strength training, and yoga. The passage also emphasizes the importance of consistency in exercise routines and suggests ways to make exercise a habit, such as finding a workout partner or incorporating physical activity into daily routines.Passage 4This passage explores the concept of worklife balance and its importance for overall wellbeing. It acknowledges that achieving a balance between work and personal life can be challenging, but emphasizes the benefits of doing so, such as reduced stress, improved mental health, and increased productivity. The author provides tips for achieving worklife balance, such as setting boundaries, prioritizing tasks, and making time for selfcare.二、翻译（Part B）Please translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese:In today's fastpaced world, it is easy to feel overwhelmed the demands of work, family, and social obligations. However, it is important to remember that taking care of yourself is not selfish. In fact, it is essential for your overall wellbeing and productivity. When you prioritize selfcare, you are able to better manage stress, maintain focus, and perform at your best. So, make sure to schedule time for activities that you enjoy and that promote your physical and mental health, such as exercise, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones.三、写作（Part A）Please write a letter to your university's administration expressing your concern about the quality of the food served in the school cafeteria. In your letter, you should:1. Describe the specific issues you have encountered with the food.2. Explain how these issues have affected your and your classmates' experience.3. Suggest possible solutions to improve the quality of the food.四、写作（Part B）Please write an essay on the topic of "The Impact of Technology on Education." In your essay, you should:1. Discuss the positive effects of technology on education.2. Discuss the negative effects of technology on education.3. Offer your own opinion on the overall impact of technology on education.。
2024年考研英语(二)真题及解析完整版
2024年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankandmark A,B,Cor D ontheANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as 'the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are not working'.It's important to have a social life,but what's right for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, some of us may feel drained,evenif it's doing something we enjoyThis is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make youfeel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact onyourmental health and 5a lowmood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.Thismight be especially true if, 6 you are working from home and you are 7 on the social conversations that happen in an office.Other life changes also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement,changingjobs or becoming aparent.It's important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to 9 a social life.But it be overwhelming 10 .It's a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You canthen find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet_ 11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to 12 anew sport for the first time or networkingeventsfor those in the same profession tomeetupand 13 ideas.On the other hand,it is 14 possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you're always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social bumout or social 6 .We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognise when you're feeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health.Make sure you 18 _some time in your diary when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 and recover.1.[A]because [B]unless [C]whereas[D]until2.[A]contrast [B]balance[C]link D]gap3.[A]seeing [B]pleasing [C]judging [D]teaching4.[A]misguided [B]surprised [C]spoiled [D]disconnected5. [A]contribute to[B]rely on [C]interferewith [D]go against6.[A]in fact [B]of course [C]for example[D]on average7.[A]cutting back [B]missing out[C]breaking in [D]looking out8.[A]shorten [B]trigger[C]follow D]interrup9.[A]assess [B]interpret [C]provide [D]regain10. [A]at first[B]in turn [C]ontime D]by chance11.[A]far-sighted [B]strong-willed [C]kind-hearted [D]like-minded12.[A]try[B]promote [C]watch [D]describe13.[A]test [B]share[C]accept [D]revise14.[A]already [B]thus [C]also D]only15.[A]visit [B]order [C]space[D]boundary16. [A]fatigue[B]criticism [C]injustice [D]dilemma17.[A]sources [B]standards [C]signs[D]scores18.[A]take over [B]wipe off [C]add up [D]mark out19.[A]ungrateful [B]unavailable[C]responsible [D]regretful20.[A]react [B]repeat [C]return [D]restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new book Cogsand Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better, the gains will haveto bemoreevenlyshared than in the recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionairesand gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut byautomation will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for morepeople will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they're justseeinggoodjobs being destroyedIn a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problem could bea roadblock to deploying AL.“We're talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transfomative technologies that change th e ways wespend our time every day, that change business models that succeed.”To make such “tremendous changes,”she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmeringamong many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.Acording to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account for two-thirds of theAI assets and capabilities in the United States (San Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continueto soar.Not only will this foster political andsocial unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies togrow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech hason defining the AI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muro and others have suggested hefty federal funding to helpcreate US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts ofthecountry care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should[A]giverise toinnovation[B]diversifycareerchoices[C]benefit people equallyD]be promoted forcefully22.According to paragraph 2,digital technology should be useful to[A]bring about instant prosperity[B]reduce people's workload[C]raise overall work efficiencyD]enhance cross-sector coopertion23.What doesCoyle fear about transformative technology?[A]They may affect work-life balance.[B]They may be impracticalto deploy.[C]They may incurhuge expenditure.D]They may be unwelcome to the public24.Several American cities are mentioned to show[A]the uneven distributionof AI technologiesin the US[B]the disappointing prospect of tech jobs inthe US[C]the fast progress of US regional economies[D]the increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to Coyle concem,the author suggests[A]raising funds to start new AI projects[B]encouraging collaboration in AI research[C]guarding against the sideeffects of AI[D]redefining the role of AItechnologiesText 2The UK is facinga future construction crisis because ofa failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas wamed.The forestryand wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for futuregenerations.Curently only 20 percent of the UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains thesecond-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK govermment for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them toboost timber supplies."Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."For decadeswe have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leavingus exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future suppliesof wood as global demand risesand our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes andis a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grownwood in England is onlyaround 25 percentWhile productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewinding and planting ofnative woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add: “While food production and biodiversity areclearly of critical importance,we need our land to also providesecure supplies of wood for construction,manufacturing andcontribute to net zero.While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there hasbeen little action on the ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensurewe have enough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be leamed from paragraph I that the UK needs to[A]increase its domestic wood supply[B]reduceits demand for timber[C]lower its wood production costs[D]lift its control on timber imports27.According to Confor,the UK govemment's freshincentives[A]can hardly address construction crisis[B]are believed to come at the wrong time[C]seem to be misleading for landowners[D]willbe costly to put into practice28.The UK's exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of[A]government's inaction on timber imports[B]inadequate investment in growing wood[C]competition of timber traders at home[D]wood products motive to maximise profits29.Whichof the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?[A]excessivetimber consumption inconstruction[B]unfavorable conditions for growing trees[C]outdated technology for wood production[D]farmers'unwillingness to plant trees30.What does Goodallthink UK govemment should do?[A]Subsidise the building of low-carbonhomes.[B]Pay attention to rural economy.[C]Provide more support for tree planting[D]Give priority to pursue net-zero strategy.Text 3Onebig challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tum over the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops—or is forced to stop—diving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician's advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physiciansto report, others allow but donot mandate reports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality”she counseled.Part ofthe problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions withdifferent focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan. “There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,"she said.“Weneedbetter evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to workis requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal. Mandatory in-personrenewal was associated with a31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 orolder,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for thosedrivers,although there appeared to be nobenefit from combining the two.Many old divers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primarycare providers have their hands full and may notbe able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't tumtheir heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,As long asthere are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human divers would require to many algorithms,she said.But we need to do more to improve safety,s aid Dugan.“If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-old can drive comfortably.”31.According toParagraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road[A]is a new safety measure[B]hasbecome a disputed issue[C]can be a toughtask to complete[D]will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice[A]has won support from drivers[B]is generally considered unrealistic[C]is wide dismissed as unnecessary[D]has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,effortsto keep older drivers safe[A]have brought about big changes[B]need to bewell coordinated[C]havegained publicconcern[D]call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to[A]stick with bad driving habits[B]have aweakened memory[C]suffer fromchronic pains[D]neglect car maintenance35.Duganthinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in[A]upgrading self-driving vehicle[B]developing senior-friendlycars[C]renovating transport facilities[D]adjusting the age limit for driversText 4If you look at the apps on your phone,chances are you have at least one related to your health—and probably several.Whether it is a mental health app,a fitness tracker,a connectedhealth device or something else,many of us are taking advantage of this technology tokeep better track of our health in some shape or fom.Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.While these apps have a great deal to offer,it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected,safeguarded and shared online.Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,is primarily focused on the way hospitals,doctors'ofices,clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legalprotections.Without additional protections in place,companies may share (and potentially monetize)personal health information in a way consumersmay not have authorized oranticipated. In2021,Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission(FTC)investigation.The FTC alleged in a complaint that "despite express privacy claims,the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties.”"Flo Health andthe FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users'express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts,meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleadingor causeunjustified consumer harm.While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rateat which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.As to the prospects for federal legislation,commentators suggest thatcomprehensive federal privacy legislation seemsunlikely in the short term.States have begun implementing their own solutionsto shore up protections for consumer-generated healthdata.Califomia has been at the forefront of state privacyefforts with theCalifomia Consumer Privacy Act of 2018.Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation36.The research findings are cited in Paragraph 1 to show[A]the prevalence of health apps[B]the public concen over health[C]the popularity of smartphonesD]theadvancement of technology37.What dose the author imply about existing health privacy law?[A]Its coverage needs to be extended[B]Its enforcement needs strengthening[C]It has discouraged medical misconduct.[D]It has disappointedinsurance companies.38.Before sharing itsusers'health information.Flo Health is required to[A]seek the approval of theFTC[B]find qualified third parties[C]remove irrelevant personal dataD]obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?[A]Thecomplexity of health information[B]The rapid increase in newhealth apps[C]The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.[D]The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.It can be leamed from the last paragraph that health data protection[A]has been embraced by health app developers[B]has been a focus of federal policy-making[C]hasencounteredopposition in CalifomiaD]has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections:Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eagerto stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activities matter more than the number of activities he or she participates in Sue Rexford,the director of collegeguidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School, saysit is not necessary for a student,flling out the Common Application tolist 10 activities in the application“No”college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list of extracurricular that they have beenpassionately involved in each foran tended period of time,"Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.“The competition to standout and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they're going todo a popular activity,I'd say,be the best at it.”says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently often impress colleges,experts say.“For example,a student withan interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrateskills and potential by starting a profitable small business.”Olivia Valdes,the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrotein an emailJosephAdegboyega-Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional, extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissionsoffices,assuming they demonstrated,serious com mitment.“Again,sinceone of the big questions high school seniors must consider is ‘What makesyou unique?'having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional oneisan advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity canhelp in the college admissionsprocess,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in the admissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is not enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wiseadmissions consultancy, wrote in an email.“Student s need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community.”Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest.“Ifyou already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a big plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,afomer math and science magnet program assistant at a public high schoolwho is now executive directo of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academyin Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.答案：41.C 42.E 43.A 44.G 45.BSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers³markets are a feast for the senses.They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce —all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usuallyweekly ormonthly events,most often with outdoor stalls, which allowfarmers orproducers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of marketscan vary from season to season,depending on the area's agricultural calendar,and you're likely to find different produce on sale at different times of theyear.By cutting out themiddlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where —and to who—their money isgoing.参考译文：空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嘈杂声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴(3分)。
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考研英语真题：英语二（已公布）
2017年考研英语二范文
新东方在线博物馆参观者用简单的visitors即可;至于图表中的数字是十万，6378个十万即6.378 billion.
范文如下：
The statistics about museums and their visitors are precisely illustrated by the line chart. During the 3 years from 2013 to 2015, the figure of museums experienced a gradual rise, and soaring from 4.145 thousand to 4.692 thousand. Besides, following the same tendency, the number of museum visitors, as is shown, ascended gradually from 6.378 billion to 7.811 billion, increasing by about 1.43 billion.
The following factors, from my perspective, are responsible for the statistics. To begin with, aside from disseminating knowledge in schools, department concerned adopts other ways to promote the comprehensive quality of Chinese citizens, for instance providing more access to museums is a simple yet effective way to broaden visitors’horizon. In addition, having been experiencing the unparalleled material prosperity, most of Chinese citizens intend to pursue knowledge by visiting museums, tourist attractions and other places. Moreover, museums, which are supported by public funding, provide visitors with knowledge and professional service. Individuals, therefore, are inclined to enjoy their leisure time by visiting museums.
To summarize, the data shown by the chart objectively reflect what’s happening in our society. Museums undoubtedly exert indispensible effects on our society and Chinese citizens, and it is predictable that, in the next decade, both large cities and small towns will witness the popularization of museums.
2017年考研英语二，小作文考察的是一封邀请信的回函，要求写作内容包括：
1、接受教授邀请给留学生做有关中国文化的presentation(介绍/演示)。
2、提供介绍内容的关键信息。
考官出题的套路并不好预测，和往年一样，让想依靠背模板来过写作关的同学眼前一黑，这完全证实了考研英语反押题反模板的一贯思路。
不过从内容上看，写作手法也秉承了以往考研英语二小作文的思路----多种文体结合。
此次写作完全可以写成一个感谢开头结合内容介绍的格式，思路简单但操作略有难度。
写作过程中最难的地方在于有关中国文化的关键信息，对考生的基本功有一定要求。
小作文
Dear Professor Williams，
It is my honor to receive your invitation to give presentation about Chinese culture to international students. And I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude and provide the specific information about my presentation, which is about the brief introduction of Confucianism, the dominant philosophy of oriental culture.
To begin with, the first part of my presentation is the brief introduction to Master Confucius and the Analects of Confucius. Relevant background about Spring and Autumn warring state period will also be introduced. In addition, the second part is about etiquette, one of the cores of Confucianism, which stabilized ancient Chinese society. Moreover, I would like to upload the e-book of English version of the Analects of Confucius to the official website of our university, so that the audience will be fully prepared.
Thank you for your invitation, and I wish my presentation will be appreciated by the audience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
亲爱的威廉教授：
很荣幸收到您邀请我给留学生做关于中国文化的介绍，我在此对您表达衷心的谢意并提供相关的具体信息。
我的介绍是关于东方文化的主导哲学思想儒家的内容。
首先，我介绍的第一部分是关于孔子和《论语》的简介。
同时还会介绍有关春秋战国的背景。
其次，我的第二部分是关于“礼”的介绍。
作为儒家思想的核心之一，“礼”为古代中国社会具有了稳定性。
再次，我会把这些作品的电子版上传到我们大学的官方网站，以便听众能方便的下载，并对我的讲授内容做出充分准备。
感谢您对我的邀请，我希望我的介绍能被大家欣赏。
李明。