2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇速成

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2015年北京师范大学政府管理学院考博真题

2015年北京师范大学政府管理学院考博真题各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的考博真题，方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。

考博英语真题Part I: Listening Comprehension略Part II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the bestone and mark your answer on the ANSER SHEET.Passage OneIn 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-New York,Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experiencedremarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.Line The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades ofthe twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number ofcircumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the areawas enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and datingto obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the OwensRiver. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made itpossible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; itdisseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. Themost important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked tothe automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of theSouthern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center.Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: itsdistinctive spatialorganization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was adecentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It考博结束已经好几个月了，也终于静下心来回顾一下自己整个考博的历程。

2015北京师范大学考博英语真题首轮复习注意事项

2015北京师范大学考博英语真题首轮复习注意事项首轮英语复习应该根据上述考查重点有针对性地、有所侧重地展开，复习重点是夯实三个基本功：语法、词汇和复杂长难句式的初步掌握。

育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，这一阶段的复习非常重要。

英语首轮复习有它自己的特点，在这里提醒考生注意从以下三点进行把握。

语法不能投入过多时间语法固然重要，但是考博中直接涉及具体语法的很少很少，而主要是间接的通过阅读部分来考察语法知识点的。

同时语法是纯理论化的东西，很抽象。

汉语也有语法，而且汉语语法的难度要远远大于英语的语法。

但是中国人中真正懂这些抽象语法的人多吗？又有几个中国人看不懂、说不出、听不懂汉语呢？育明考博辅导专家认为，语言仅仅是一种交流的工具，很多时候知其然就够了，不一定非要知其所以然。

所以，语法的复习不应该作为大头，简单的温习一下就够了，甚至可以不去管那些具体的“概念”，比如“限制性定语从句”“非限制想定语从句”，只要能看懂文章，看懂句意就可以了。

切勿乱搞题海战术题海战术本来是个好方法，经过大量的演练后，就能熟悉题型、掌握套路，以至“熟能生巧”。

题海演练为的就是实战！但是题海战术有个最关键的前提：你现在作为战术演练的题型一定要和实战的题型几乎一致。

如果你所演练的题型和实战不一致，那就失去了实际应用价值。

就好比，要进行抢滩登陆战了，你却总在防空演习。

可想而知，就算你的防空能力达到了连一只苍蝇也飞不进来，也无法解决好抢滩登陆战的问题。

育明考博辅导专家提醒考生，盲目的题海战术只能说是浪费时间、浪费精力、浪费你的激情。

这也就是很多朋友考博前做了300-500篇阅读短文，命中率也不很糟糕，但是一到考博就只能命中50%左右的原因了！难句并不代表一切有的同学就认为只要把真题里的难句分析看懂，分析明白就可以了。

其实不然，每篇文章里都有不同句型的难句，你分析对了一个，也只是掌握了这一个。

无法达到举一反三，触类旁通的效果。

但是专门的难句分析书就不一样了，那里面把各种句型一一罗列，每个句型里又列举了几十个句子，你把这些个句子掌握了，这种句型也就掌握了，再在考场里遇到这样的难句就不会心慌了。

2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题及答案解析

第一部分：试题
Part I ：Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are six passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSER SHEET. Passage 1 The human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that the brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in the surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of the oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside the cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain.

2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题以及讲解

2015北京师范大学文学院考博真题以及讲解各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上北京师范大学的博士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题笔记方便大家准备考博，希望给大家一定的帮助。

真题集5American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is anothermatter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts torecruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, hasboosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshmanclasses from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to ourkinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well whenit comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get theirdiplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in severalrecent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, directorof postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studiedenrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for adiploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For thefirst time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less welleducated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better thanthe rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studiesshow that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college –but theirgraduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos,andNative Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minoritypopulation grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to nationalprosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison–one of the top five or so prestigious public universities –graduated 81% of its white studentswithin six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers getworse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its whitestudents, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally –but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges foundthat while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americansdid so as well.27. The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _________________ .A. commercially uselessB. just as anticipatedC. somewhat controversialD. quite unexpected28. Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that ________________ ?A. it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB. it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC. it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD. it prevents excessive intake of vitamins29. What is a possible effect of olestra according to some critics?A. It may impair the digestive system.B. It may affect the overall fat intake.C. It may increase the risk of cancer.D. It may spoil the consumers’appetite.30. Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A. It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.B. People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C. The function of the intestines may be weakened.D. It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.才思教育自1995年开始开设北京地区高校考研辅导班，其中近90%考上北京知名高校攻读硕士研究生。

北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇答辩

北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇(1表示“在……之中(之间,相互”意义加前缀interlace束紧——interlace混合,交织breed繁殖——interbreed杂交,繁殖lock锁——interlock连锁personal个人的——interpersonal人际关系的(2表示“中间的,居中的”意义加前缀midsummer夏季——midsummer仲夏night夜晚——midnight午夜day白天——midday中午,正午ship船——midship船的中央部分(3表示“错误的(地,坏的(地,不利的(地”意义加前缀mismatch搭配——mismatch误配,配合不当quote引用——misquote错误地引用需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

count计算——miscount算错chance机会——mischance不幸,灾祸(4表示“再一次,重新,返回,在……后”意义加前缀re arrange安排——rearrange重新安排call呼唤——recall唤回decorate装饰——redecorate重新装饰value估价——revalue重新估价(5表示“越过,超越,过度的”意义加前缀overcharge索价——overcharge索价太高exposure曝光——overexposure感光过度fly飞——overfly飞越stock存货——overstock存货过多(6表示“下面的,不完全的,从属于”意义加前缀under sell出售——undersell廉价出售secretary部长——undersecretary副部长production生产——underproduction生产不足garment外衣——undergarment衬衣(7表示“一半,不完全的,发生两次的”意义加前缀semitone音调——semitone半音coke焦炭——semicoke半成焦炭detached分开的,独立的——semidetached半独立式的weekly每周的——semiweekly每周两次的(8表示“非常小的,微型的,小规模的”意义加前缀minibus公交车——minibus小公交车computer计算机——minicomputer小型计算机skirt裙子——miniskirt超短裙cab出租车——minicab小型计程车(9表示“大量的,多数的”意义加前缀multi(在元音前作mult linguistic语言的——multilinguistic多种语言的storey层的——multistorey多层楼的angular角形的——multangular多角的national国家的——multinational多国的(10表示“反对,反传统式样”意义加前缀antiwar战争——antiwar反战的cancer癌症——anticancer抗癌aircraft飞行器——antiaircraft对空的semitic犹太人的——anti semitic反犹太人的(11表示“共同的,相互的”意义加前缀coexist存在——coexist共存operation操作;工作,活动—cooperation合作,协力habit居住——cohabit同居education教育——coeducation男女同校的教育(12表示“下降,分离,相反,除去”意义加前缀de classify保密——declassify泄密rail铺设铁轨——derail脱离轨道,出轨appreciate赏识,升值——deappreciate贬值,折旧horn触角——dehorn切去角(13表示“本身的,独自的”意义加前缀autographic书写的——autographic亲笔的immunity免疫——autoimmunity自体免疫criticism批评——autocriticism自我批评biographical传记的——autobiographical自传的(14表示“代理,副,次”意义加前缀vicemonitor班长——vicemonitor副班长president总统——vicepresident副总统admiral海军上将——viceadmiral海军中将,次于海军上将royalty王——viceroyalty副王(15表示“在……之上,更加,超越”意义加前缀superabundance充足——superabundance剩余,过度cool变凉——supercool过度冷却addition增加物——superaddition追加incumbent现任的——superincumbent盖在上面的;(压力自上而下的(16表示“在(时间,场所……之后”意义加前缀postglacial冰河的——postglacial冰河期之后的graduate毕业生——postgraduate研究生war战争的——postwar战后时期impressionism印象主义——postimpressionism后印象主义派(17表示“假冒的,虚伪的,不真诚的”意义加前缀pseudomemory记忆——pseudomemory记忆错误love爱情——pseudolove假爱,不真诚的爱graphic文字的——pseudographic伪书的scientific科学的——pseudoscientific伪科学的(18表示“远(距离的,电视的”意义加前缀telephotography摄影术——telephotography远距离摄影术typewriter打字机——teletypewriter电传打字机meter计量器——telemeter测远计communication通信——telecommunication电信,远距离通讯本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2015考博英语必考知识点集锦

2015考博英语必考知识点集锦一、重点梳理1、单词1)初步进行了“自然动态”类的词根词缀的学习2)能够掌握并运用构词法分解单词。

2、语法1)掌握定语句式的用法;2)理解定从、状语从句等重点语法点。

二、一周小测1、单词decision decisiveconcise preciseprecisely precisionsuicide scissorsdecline inclineinclination climaxcliff clientclimate clinicflexible Inflexibledeflect deflectioninflect reflectreflexion reflectionduring durableduration enduranceendure influenceinfluenza influentialaffluence affluentfloat flushfluid fluencyfluent fluctuateflu floodflow2、句子分解及翻译1)The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)2)They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.作业精讲1、The definition also excludes the majority of teachers,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living..句子成分：1)让步状语;2)同位语从句;3)定语从句。

2015年考博英语词汇

⼀、98%的⾼校在试卷的第⼀部分或者第⼆部分以词汇题形式考查词汇：考查形近词，例如：The lawyer ________ his ideas loudly and clearly in court, which surprised her a great deal.（中科院；2010）A．acclaimed B．admonished C．addressed D．asserted考查词组搭配，例如：Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing” form human beings is a question that________a wide solution.（北⼤；2011）A. admits ofB. requires ofC. needs ofD. seeks of考查近义词，例如：We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in the form of statistical data, a product or a financial reward.（医学；2011）A. intelligibleB. infinitiveC.substantialD.deficient常见的有六种题型：（1）以动词为中⼼与其他词搭配（2）近义词辨析（3）近形异义词（4）同根词辨析（5）词义辨析（6）固定搭配。

更多请详见班级课程⾥详解。

⼆、词汇在听⼒、阅读、完形、翻译、写作各专项中得到考查。

“no bricks, no mansions”，词汇量的不⾜会严重制约听、说、读、写、译等诸多能⼒的提⾼。

没有⼀定词汇量的基础，英语词汇与语法结构、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作也就成了“空中楼阁”。

2015年考博英语词汇复习指南

2015年考博英语词汇复习指南已公布，具体内容请各位考⽣及时查看如下，尽请关注！pace n．速度pacific a．和平的 a．性情温和的pal n．伙伴，好朋友，v．交友pamphlet n．⼩册⼦panel n．讨论⼩组，仪表板panic n．恐慌，惊惶pant n．⽓喘；⼼跳 vi.⽓喘panther n．豹，⿊豹；美洲狮pantry n．⾷品柜，餐具室pants n．裤⼦；男⽤短衬裤paper n．纸；官⽅⽂件；⽂章 vt.⽤纸包装(或覆盖)parachute n．降落伞；风散种⼦parade n．*；检阅 vt.夸耀(才能等)paragraph n．(⽂章的)段，节 n．⼩新闻，短评paralyse vt．使⿇痹，使瘫痪parameter n．参数, 参量, <⼝>起限定作⽤的因素participant n．参加者 a.有份的participate vi．参与，参加；分享 vi．参与 vt.分享particular a．特殊的；特定的 a．苛求的；特称的partition n．⽠分，隔开passport n．护照 n．达到⽬的的⼿段pasture n．牧场；牲畜饲养patent adj．专利的,显着的,新奇的pathetic adj．引起怜悯的，令⼈难过的patriot n．爱国者，爱国主义者patriotic a．爱国的patrol n．巡逻 n．巡逻，巡查patron n．主顾；赞助⼈；庇护⼈pattern n．模式，图案；花样peacock n．孔雀peak v．憔悴，消瘦peck n．啄痕,啄⾷,许多 ,轻吻peculiarity n．特性；特质pedal n．踏板peddler n. ⼩贩，传播者pedestrian adj．徒步的，缺乏想像的呆板的 n．⾏⼈pedlar n．(挨户兜售的)⼩贩peel vt．剥(⽪)，削(⽪) n.果⽪，蔬菜⽪peer n．同等之⼈，同辈penalty n．刑罚,罚款,报应pendulum n．摆，钟摆．penetration n．穿透，洞察⼒perception n．洞察⼒，理解⼒perch v．（鸟）栖息 n．鲈鱼perfection n．尽善尽美；⽆⽐精确peril n．危险perimeter n．周长,周界periodic n．周期的；⼀定时期的periodical n．期刊peripheral adj．边缘的，周边的perish v．死，暴卒．perpendicular adj．垂直的perpetual adj．永久的,不断的perplex vt．迷惑，困惑，难住persecute vt．迫害,虐待,困扰persevere vi．坚持不懈；不屈不挠persist vi．存留，持续；坚持不懈persistence n．坚持；持续，存留personality n.个性，⼈格personnel n．全体⼈员，全体职员 n．⼈事部门persuasion n．劝说，说服；主张pertinent adj．相关的,中肯的,切题的pest n．害⾍，讨厌的⼈或物petition vt．vi．请求,恳求,请愿 n.请愿, 情愿书petty adj．⼩的, 不重要的, ⼩规模的, ⼩型的, 细微的, ⼩器的, 卑鄙的photoelectric a．光电的photography n．摄影术physical a．⾃然的physically ad.物质上；体格上pickle n．腌制⾷品，泡菜pier n．桥墩，码头pierce v．刺透，穿过pilgrim n．朝圣客，⾹客pineapple n．凤梨，波萝pious adj．虔诚的, 尽责的pipe n．管⼦，导管；烟⽃ n．管乐器pirate n．海盗，剽窃者v．盗印,掠夺piston n．活塞pitch n．沥青,柏油 n．⾳调(⾳符之⾼低)plague n．瘟疫,讨厌的⼈或物 v．烦扰plain n．平原 a.坦⽩的；普通的plastic adj．可塑的 n．塑胶plateau n．⾼地,⾼原稳定platform n．平台；站台；讲台 n．政纲，党纲，宣⾔plea n．请愿，请求，恳求plead v．恳求,提出…为理由pledge n．誓⾔ vt.使发誓pluck 1. n．猛拉,动物内脏, 弹奏 2. n．勇⽓，胆量在困难⾯前⾜智多谋的勇⽓和胆量；精⼒congeal 凝结,冻僵congenial 意⽓相投,友善的congenital 天⽣的congest 拥塞conglomerate 聚集congregate 聚集congress 会议,⼤会conjunction 结合,连结conjure 以咒召魂,变魔术,恳求connect 连接connote 含意,暗⽰conquer 征服,克服conquest 征服conscience 良⼼conscientious 正直,有良⼼的conscious ⾃觉,知道的consecrate 奉为神圣consecutive 连续的consensus ⼀致的意见consent 允许,同意consequence 结果conserve 保全,保存consist 为...所制成,组成console 安慰consolidate 巩固consonant ⼀致,相称的consort 结交constant 不断,持久的constellation 星座,星群constitute 构成,任命constrain 强迫construct 建筑construe 解释,翻译consume 消耗,浪费consummate 完成contact 接触contagious 传染性的contain 包含,容纳contaminate 污染contemporary 同时代的contend 竞争content 使满⾜,使满意contest ⽐赛,争⽃contiguous 接触,邻近的contort 扭歪,歪曲contour 轮廓,外形contract 缩短,省略contribute 贡献,捐助convene 召开,召集,集合converge 集中於⼀点,使聚合converse 谈话convert 改变convey 传达,运送convict 宣告有罪convince 使相信,说明convivial 欢乐,快活的convoy 护送convulse 痉挛,抽搐,震撼,使不安cooperate 合作,协同coordinate 同等的correct 改正,修正correlate 使相关连correspond 调合,符合corroborate 证实corrode 腐蚀,侵蚀corrugate 使起皱纹corrupt 使腐坏,败坏TopCONTRA-,CONTRO-,COUNTER-against相对,反对字⾸ contra,contro,counter 源⾃拉丁⽂介系词,副词 contra,意为相对,反对.拉丁⽂将 contra 和 contro 视作字⾸,例如 contradict v. [否认],contrary a.[反对的],controversy n. [争论] 等字,是 contradicere,contrarius,controversia 等拉丁⽂转变⽽来. counterv. [抵抗],是⽐较特别的例⼦,以字⾸形态单独演变成⼀个动词.contradict 否认,⽭盾contrary 相反的contrast 差异contravene 抵触,否定,反驳controversy 争论,辩论controvert 否定,反驳,争论counter 反对,对抗counteract 消解,抵消counterattact 反攻,反击counterbalance 弥补,使抵消counterfeit 伪造,假冒的countermand 撤回,取消counterpart 极相似的⼈,配对的东西countervail 抵消,对抗Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delaydesert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give upabide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stayYou have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in withabsorb He was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call.engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy withAbundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and gameaccess In many schools, students don’t have sufficient access to the library.Way/approach/solution/answer/Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at handHis words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit)I’m in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion to account He asked no one’s advice; he did it on his own (account).independentlyYou have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mindGive us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secureactive He is very active in politics.Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiasticadapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fitaccustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with)admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/c o n f e s s / a c k n o w l e d g e / a d o p t ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 8 " > a d e q u a t e T h e i r e a r n i n g s a r e b a r e l y a d e q u a t e t o t h e i r n e e d s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 9 " > e n o u g h / s u f f i c i e n t / s a t i s f a c t o r y / p l e n t y / a m p l e / p >。

2015北京师范大学考博真题最核心基础阶段词汇

2015北京师范大学考博真题最核心基础阶段词汇一常考词语的固定搭配(一)名词的固定搭配介词+名词形式第一组by accident 偶然 on account of 因为，由于in addition 另外 in addition to 除……之外(包括)in the air 在流行中，在传播中on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说on the basis of 根据，在……的基础上at (the) best 充其量，至多for the better 好转，改善on board 在船(车、飞机)上out of breath 喘不过气来on business 因公，因事in any case 无论如何，总之in case of 假使，万一in case 假如，以防(万一)，免得in no case 决不第二组by chance 偶然，碰巧in charge (of) 负责，主管(a) round the clock 昼夜不停地in common 共用，共有，共同in conclusion 最后，总之on condition that 在……条件下in confidence 信任in connection with/to关于in consequence 因此，结果in consequence of 由于……的缘故on the contrary 反之，正相反in contrast with/to 与……成对照out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs 不惜任何代价at the cost of 以……为代价第三组in the course of 在……过程中，在……期间of course 当然，自然，无疑in danger 在危险中，垂危out of danger 脱离危险out of date 过期(时)的up to date 时新的in debt 欠债in detail 详细地in difficulties 处境困难in the distance 在远处off duty 下班on duty 值班，上班on earth 究竟，到底at all events 无论如何in any event 无论如何in effect 有效；实际上第四组in the event of 万一，如果发生for example 例如with the exception of除……之外in the face of 面对，不顾，即使in fact 其实，实际上on fire 烧着on foot 步行in force 有效；实施中in favo(u)r of 有利于，赞成，支持in front of 在……面前in (the) future 今后，将来on guard 警惕，防范in general 通常，大体上in half 成两半at hand 在手边，在附近from tip to toe 彻头彻尾，完全by hand 用手hand down to 往下传，传给(后代)第五组hand in hand 手拉手，携手in hand 在掌握中，在控制中on hand 在手边，临近on (the) one hand... 一方面……，on the other hand...另一方面……at heart 在内心；实质上by heart 牢记，凭记忆at home 在家，在国内；自在，自如in honor of 以纪念，向……表示敬意on one’s honor 以名誉担保in a hurry 匆忙地，立即for instance 例如，举例说at intervals 不时，时时at last 最终，终于at least 至少，最低限度in the least 一点，丝毫第六组at length 终于，最后；详细地in the light of 按照，根据in line 成一直线，排成一行in line with 与……一致，按照at a loss 困惑，不知所措by all means 无论如何，必定by means of 借助于，用by no means 决不in memory of 纪念at the mercy of 在……支配下by mistake 错误地at the moment 现在，此刻for a moment 片刻，一会儿for the moment 现在，暂时in a moment 立刻，马上第七组in nature 本质上on occasion 有时，不时in order 秩序井然，整齐in order to 以便，为了in order that 以便out of order 发生故障，失调on one’s own 独自地，独立地in particular 特别地，尤其，详细地in the past 在过去，以往in person 亲自in place 在适当的位置in place of 代替in the first place 起初，首先in the last place 最后out of place 不得其所的，不适当的on the point 即将……的时候第八组to the point 切中要害，切题in practice 在实际中，实际上out of practice 久不练习，荒疏at present 目前，现在for the present 目前，暂时in proportion to (与……)成比例的in public 公开地，当众for (the) purpose of为了on purpose 故意，有意with the purpose of 为了in question 正在考虑at random 随意地，任意地at any rate 无论如何，至少by reason of 由于as regards 关于，至于with/in regard to 对于，就……而论第九组in/with relation to 关系到with respect to 关于as a result 结果，因此as a result of 由于……的结果in return 作为报答，作为回报on the road 在旅途中as a rule 规章，规则；通常，照例in the long run 最终，从长远观点看for the sake of 为了……起见on sale 出售；贱卖on a large scale 大规模地on a small scale 小规模地in secret 秘密地，私下地in a sense 从某种意义上说in shape 处于良好状态on the side 作为兼职，额外第十组at first sight 乍一看，初看起来in sight 被看到，在望out of sight 看不见，在视野之外in spite of 不管，不顾；尽管，虽然on the spot 当场，在现场in step 同步，合拍out of step 步调不一致，不协调in stock 现有，备有in sum 总而言之in tears 流着泪，含泪，哭in terms of 依据，按照；用……措词for one thing 首先，一则on the second thoughts 经重新考虑，一转念at a time 每次，一次at no time 从不，决不at one time 同时，曾经，从前曾第十一组at the same time 但是，然而，同时at times 有时for the time being 目前，暂时from time to time 有时，不时in no time 立即，马上in time 及时，适时地on time 准时on top of 在……之上out of touch 失去联系in truth 事实上，实际上，的确on try 试穿by turns 轮流，交替地in turn 依次，轮流in vain 徒劳，无效a variety of 种种，各种by virtue of 由于第十二组by the way 顺便提一下，另外by way of 经由，通过……方式in a way 在某点，在某种程度上in no way 决不in the way of 妨碍in one’s/the way 妨碍，阻碍after a while 过了一会，不久for a while 暂时，一时on the whole 总的来说in a word 总而言之in other words 换句话说，也就是说at work 在工作，忙于out of work 失业in the world 到底，究竟动词+名词形式第十三组have/gain access to 可以获得take...into account 考虑gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于pay the way for 为……铺平道路take advantage of 利用，趁……之机pay attention to 注意do/try one’s best 尽力，努力get the best of 胜过make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理get the better of 打败，致胜catch one’s breath 屏息，歇口气take care 小心，当心take care of 照顾，照料take a chance 冒险一试take charge of 担任，负责keep company with 与……交往take delight in 以……为乐with delight 欣然，乐意地第十四组make a/the difference 有影响，很重要carry/bring into effect 使生效，使起作用put into effect 实行，生效come/go into effect 生效，实施take effect 生效，起作用catch one’s eye 引人注目keep an eye on 留意，照看make faces 做鬼脸find fault 埋怨，挑剔catch fire 着火come/go into force 生效，实施make friends 交朋友，友好相处be friends with 对……友好，与……交上朋友make fun of 取笑，嘲弄keep one’s head 保持镇静lose one’s head 不知所措第十五组lose heart 丧失勇气，失去信心get/learn by heart 记住，背诵get hold of 抓住，掌握keep house 管理家务，做家务throw/cast light on 使明白，阐明bear/keep in mind 记住have in mind 记住，考虑到，想到make up one’s mind 下决心come/go into operation 使投入生产，使运转put in order 整理，检修keep/hold pace with 跟上，与……同步play a part 起作用take place 发生，进行take the place of 代替come to the point 说到要点，扼要地说bring/carry into practice 实施，实行第十六组make progress 进步，进展give rise to 引起，使发生make sense 讲得通，有意义catch the sight of 发现，突然看见(go) on the stage 当演员take one’s time 不急不忙，从容进行keep in touch 保持联系keep track 通晓事态，注意动向lose track 失去联系make use of 利用put to use 使用，利用give way 让路，让步lead the way 带路，引路make one’s way 前进，进行make way 让路，开路keep one’s word 遵守诺言第十七组act on 作用appeal to 呼吁，要求attempt at 企图，努力attitude to/towards 态度，看法a great/good deal of 大量(的)，许多(的) influence on 影响interference in 干涉interference with 妨碍，打扰第十八组introduce to 介绍a lot (of) 许多(的)，大量(的)lots of 大量，很多fall in love with 相爱，爱上a matter of (关于……)的问题a number of 若干，许多reply to 回答，答复a series of 一系列，一连串其他固定搭配第十九组trolley bus 无轨电车I.D. card 身份证credit card 信用卡no doubt 无疑，必定next door 隔壁out of doors 在户外face to face 面对面地as a matter of fact 实际情况，真相a few 有些，几个quite a few 还不少，有相当数目的a little 一点，稍微，一些，少许little by little 逐渐地quite a little 相当多，不少no matter 无论the moment (that) 一……就no more 不再第二十组fair play 公平竞赛；公平对待in demand 有需要，销路好rest room 厕所，盥洗室primary school 小学side by side 肩并肩，一个挨一个heart and soul 全心全意step by step 逐步ahead of time 提前all the time 一直，始终once upon a time 从前once in a while 偶尔，有时no wonder 难怪，怪不得word for word 逐字地decline with thanks 婉言谢绝(二)动词的固定搭配动词+介词形式第二十一组account for 说明(原因等)aim at 瞄准，针对allow for 考虑到appeal to 呼吁，要求arrive at 达成，得出ask after 询问，问候ask for 请求，要求attach to 附属于，隶属于begin with 从开始break into 闯入break off 断绝，结束break through 突破break up 中止，结束；打碎，折断bring about 带来，造成bring down 打倒，挫伤；降低bring forth 产生，提上第二十二组bring forward 提出bring out 使出现；公布；出版bring up 教育，培养，使成长build up 积累；堵塞；树立，逐步建立；增进；锻炼call for 邀请；要求；需求call forth 唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起call off 放弃，取消catch at 抓住(东西)call on/upon 访问，拜访；号召，呼吁call up 召集，动员；打电话care for 照管，关心；喜欢，意欲carry off 夺去carry on 继续下去；从事，经营carry out 贯彻，执行；实现come to 总计，达到；苏醒，复原count on 依靠；期待，指望count up 把……相加第二十三组cover up 掩饰，掩盖cut across 走捷径，抄近路deal with 处理，对付，安排do without 没有……也行fill in/out 填充，填写get at 得到，接近；意思是get into 进入，陷入go after 追求go into 进入；研究，调查go for 竭力想取得；喜爱；支持，拥护go through 经历，经受；详细检查go with 伴随，与……协调go without 没有……也行improve on 改进keep to 保持，坚持lie in 在于live up to 不辜负第二十四组live on/by 靠……生活，以……为食live through 度过，经受过look after 照管，照料look at 看望，注视look for 寻找，寻求look into 调查，观察，过问；窥视look over 检查，查看，调查look through 仔细查看，浏览，温习make for 走向，驶向；有助于occur to 被想到，被想起play with 以……为消遣，玩弄refer to 参考，查阅，涉及，提到run for 竞选run into 撞上，偶然碰见see to 注意，负责，照料，修理send for 派人去请，召唤；索取第二十五组send in 呈报，递交，送来serve as 作为，用作set aside 挑出，拨出，留出；拒绝sit for 参加stand by 支持，帮助；袖手旁观stand for 代替，代表，意味着stand against 反抗，抵抗stick to 坚持，忠于，信守take after 与……相像take for 把……认为是，把……看成是take in 接受，吸收；了解，理解take to 喜欢，亲近touch on 关系到，涉及turn into 变成turn to 变成；求助于，借助于turn off 关上；出产；解雇动词+副词形式第二十六组break down 损坏，分解，瓦解break in 闯入；打断，插嘴break out 逃出；突然发生，爆发bring to 使恢复知觉burn out 烧掉burn up 烧起来，旺起来；烧完catch on 理解，明白check in 办理登记手续check out 结账后离开；检验，核查check up (on) 校对，检查，检验cheer up 使高兴，使振奋clear away 扫除，收拾clear up 收拾；澄清；放晴make it clear that 弄清楚come off 实现，成功，奏效come on 请，来吧，快点；开始，出场，上演come out 出版；出现，显露；结果是第二十七组come round (around) 来访，前来；苏醒，复原come through 经历，脱险come up 走近，上来；发生，被提出cross out 删去，取消cut back 削减，减少cut down 削减，降低cut in (汽车)抢道；插嘴，打断cut off 切断；删去；停止cut out 删除cut short 突然停止die down 渐渐消失，平息die out 消失，灭绝draw in (火车、汽车)到站draw up 写上，画上；草拟；停住dress up 穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮drop by/in 顺便来访dry out 干透，使干dry up 干涸，枯竭第二十八组drop off 减弱，减少drop out 退出，离队fall behind 落后fall out 争吵；结果是fall through 落空，失败feed in 输入find out 查明get across 解释清楚，使人了解get around/round 走动，旅行；(消息)传开get away 逃脱，离开get by 通过，经过get down 从……下来；写下get in 进入；收获，收集get off 从……下来；离开，动身，开始get over 克服；(从病中)恢复过来get through 结束，完成；接通电话have got to (do) 不得不，必须第二十九组get together 集合，聚集get up 起床；增加，增强give away 泄露；分送give back 送还，恢复give in 交上；投降，屈服give off 放出，释放give out 分发，放出give up 停止，放弃go ahead 开始，前进；领先go by 过去go down 下降，降低；被载入，传下去go off 爆炸，发射；动身，离开go out 外出；熄灭go over 检查，审查；复习，重温go round/around 足够分配go under 下沉，沉没；失败；破产go through 通过，审查，完成第三十组go up 上升，增加；建起hand down 流传下来，传给，往下传hand in 交上，递交hand on 传下来，依次传递hand out 分发，散发，发给hand over 交出，移交，让与hang about 闲荡，徘徊，逗留hang back 犹豫，踌躇，畏缩hang on 抓紧不放；继续下去hang up 挂断(电话)have back 要回，收回have on 穿着，戴着hold back 踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制hold on 继续，握住不放hold out 维持，支持；坚持，不屈服hold up 举起，阻挡，使停止；抢劫第三十一组hurry up (使)赶快，迅速完成keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留keep down 控制，压制，镇压；压低keep off 不接近，避开keep up 保持，维持；继续，坚持let down 放下，降低；使失望let in 让……进入，放……进来let off 放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)let out 放掉，放出，发出line up 排队，使排成一行look back 回顾，回头看look out 留神，注意，提防，警惕look on 旁观，观看；看待，视作look up 查阅，查考；寻找(某人)look in 顺便看望make out 辨认，区分；理解，了解make out of 用……做，从……得出第三十二组make up 构成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装mix up 混淆，混合，搞糊涂pass away 去世，逝世pass off 中止，停止pass to 转到，讨论，传到pass out 失去知觉，昏倒pay back 偿还，回报pay off 还清(债)pay down 即时交付，用现金支付pay up 全部付清第三十三组pick out 选出，挑出，拣出；辨认，辨别出pick up 拾起，(偶然)得到；(车船)中途搭(人)，学会pull down 拆毁，拉倒；拉下，降低pull in (车)停下，进站，船(到岸)pull off 脱(帽、衣)pull on 穿，戴pull out 拔出，抽出；(车、船)驶出pull together 齐心协力pull up (使)停下put across 解释清楚，说明put aside 储存，保留put away 放好，收好；储存put down 记下，放下；镇压，平定put forward 提出put in 驶进put on 穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重)put out 熄灭，关(灯)；出版，发布；生产put right 改正(错误)，整理第三十四组put up 提起，举起，提(价)；为……提供食宿，投宿ring off 挂断电话rub out 擦掉，拭去run down 撞倒，撞沉；追捕，追查run off 复印，打印run over 略读，略述；辗过，浏览，匆匆复习see off 给……送行see through 看穿，识破；干完，干到底set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍set down 卸下，放下，记下，记入set forth 阐明，陈述set off 出发，动身；引起，使发生set out 陈列，显示；动身，启程；制定set up 创立，建立，树立；资助，扶持show in 领入show off 炫耀，卖弄第三十五组show up 使呈现，使醒目shut out 排除sit in 列席，旁听sit up 迟睡，熬夜speed up 使加速stand out 突出，显眼stand up 站起来，耐用step up 提高，加快，加紧step in 插入，介入stick out 伸出，突出；坚持到底，继续take away 消除；消耗take down 记下，写下take off 拿走，脱下；起飞take on 呈现；接纳，承担，从事take over 接管，接办take up 占据；开始；拿起，接收take up with 和……交往，忍受，采用第三十六组think over 仔细考虑throw away 扔掉，抛弃touch up 润色，改进turn down 拧小，调低；拒绝turn in 交出，上缴；转身进入turn off 关掉，断开；拐弯，叉开turn on 接通，打开turn out 制造，生产；结果是turn over 翻过来；移交，转交turn up 开大；出现；来到；发生use up 用完，花完warm up 变热wear off 逐渐消失wear out 用破；耗尽，使精疲力竭while away 消磨(时间)wipe out 擦去，抹去；消灭，毁灭work out 解决，算出；弄懂，制定出work up 引起，激起；逐渐上升work on 从事于，努力做write off 报废，勾销，注销后接动名词的固定搭配第三十七组aim at 目的在于，旨在；瞄准accuse...of... 控告；谴责depend on 取决于devote to 奉献，致力engage in 从事于，忙着；订婚feel like 欲，想要go on 继续；发生cannot/couldn’t help禁不住；不得不insist on 坚持keep from 使……不(做)keep on 继续不断，保持look forward to 盼望，期待persist in 坚持，持续prevent from 预防，防止put off 推迟，推延set about 开始，着手succeed in 成功thank for 感谢think of 想起，想到；想一想其他固定搭配第三十八组add up to 合计，总计make believe 假装break away (from) 脱离，逃跑catch up with 追上，赶上come true 实现，达到come up to 达到，符合come up with 提出，提供concern with 关心，挂念；从事于do away with 废除，去掉have something to do with 和……有点关系have nothing to do with 和……毫无关系fall back on 求助于，转而依靠fall in with 符合，与……一致be fed up with 感到厌烦as follows 如下get along/on with 有进展，有进步；生活得get through 到达，完成，及格get somewhere 有些结果第三十九组get down to 开始，着手get out of 逃避，改掉get the better of 占上风，胜过have got 有give oneself away 泄露，露马脚give oneself up 自首，投降，投案give way to 给……让路，被……代替go along with 陪同前往，随行go back on 违背go in for 从事，致力于，追求go before 居前hang on to 紧握住，坚持下去have to/have got to 不得不，必须have to do with 与……有关help oneself 自取所需(食物)hold on to 紧紧抓住，坚持keep out of 躲开，置身……之外第四十组keep up with 向……看齐，跟上……lend itself to 适用于，对……有用let alone 不干涉；更不用说let loose 放开，放松，释放let go 放开，松手live up to 做到，不负look down on 看不起，轻视look up to 尊敬，敬仰be made up of 由……构成，由……组成make up for 补偿，弥补never mind 不要紧，没关系put in for 申请put up with 容忍，忍受refer to...as 把……称作，把……当做run out of 用完，用尽，耗尽serve right 活该，给应得的待遇第四十一组set in 来临，流行set out to 打算，着手stand up for 为……辩护；维护stand up to 面对，坚决抵抗；经得起come to stay 木已成舟stay by 守在一边take...as 把……作为think of...as 把……看做是，以为……是think better of 改变主意，重新考虑throw about 乱丢(东西)，乱花(钱) throw down 推倒throw (a) light on 照亮，阐明(三)形容词的固定搭配第四十二组be able to (do) 能(做)，会(做)be about to (do) 即将，正要be absent from 缺勤，缺课be abundant in 富于，富有be accustomed to 习惯于be acquainted with 与……相识，熟悉be active in 积极于be afraid of 恐怕，害怕，担忧be alive to 发觉，感觉，对……敏感be angry at 因某事生气be angry with 对……发怒be anxious about 担心，为……担忧be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望be anxious to (do) 渴望(做)be ashamed of 为……感到害臊be aware of 意识到第四十三组be bad at 拙于，不善于be badly off 生活穷困be based on 根据，以……为基础be bent on 热恋于，一心想be beside oneself 忘乎所以be better off 处境较好，情况好转be born in 出生于……be born of 出生于……(家庭)be bound to (do) 一定会，不得不be buried in 沉思，陷入，专心于be burned out 住所被烧光be busy (doing) 忙着(做某事)be busy with 忙于……be busy about 忙于……be careful of 爱惜，注意be careful to (do) 务必注意(做)第四十四组be certain to (do) 一定(做)，必然(做)be capable of 能够be confident in 对……有信心be characterized by 以……为特征be clever at 擅长于be combined with 与……结合be composed of 由……组成be concerned about 关心，挂念be connected with 与……有关be coupled with 与……配合be covered with 被……覆盖be crowded with 挤满，拥塞be curious to (do) 很想(做)be dependent on/upon 取决于，依赖be derived from 由……得到be determined to (do) 决心(做)第四十五组be different from 与……不同be divided by 被……除以be divided into 被分成be eager for 渴望be eager to (do) 急于要(做)be engaged in 忙于，从事于be equal to 等于be famous for 以……著名be fed up 因多而厌烦be filled with 充满be fit for 适合，胜任be fond of 喜欢，爱好be free from 没有……的，不受……影响的be friendly to 对……友好be frightened at 受……惊吓be glad to (do) 乐于(做)，对……感到高兴第四十六组be good at (doing) 善于，擅长be good for 适于，在……期间有效be grateful to 感谢，感激be identified as 被认为是be independent of 脱离……而独立，与……无关be indispensable for 对……必不可少的be interested in 对……感兴趣be involved in 包括……中，被卷入be involved with 涉及be kind enough to (do) 承……好意，恳请be known as 被称作……，以……著称be known to 为……所熟知be late for 迟到be likely to (do) 可能要，像是要be mad about 迷恋be made from 由……制成(化学变化)第四十七组be made of 由……制成(物理变化)be made up of 由……组成be mixed up 混杂，混在一起be obliged to (do) 被迫(做某事)be obliged to...for...因……而感激be well off 生活富裕be pleased to (do) 乐于be pleased with 对……感到满意be popular with 得人心的，受……欢迎的be possessed of 具有，拥有be prepared for 做……打算；对……做好准备be present at 出席be proud of 以……自豪，因……感到满意be provided with 装备有be ready to (do) 装备好(做)；乐意(做)be ready for 为……准备好第四十八组be regarded as 被认为是，被当做是be rich in 富于be rid of 除去，摆脱get rid of 摆脱，除掉be satisfied with 对……满意，满足于be second to 次于be short for 是……的缩写(简称)be short of 短缺be sick for 渴望be sick in bed 病在床上be sick of 对……感到厌倦be sorry for 对……感到抱歉be strict with 对……要求严格be suited to 适合于be supposed to (do) 应该，非……不可be sure of 坚信，确信第四十九组be sure to (do) 一定，必定be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be taken aback 吃惊be taken by surprise 被突袭be terrified at 被……吓一跳be lost in thought 沉思be through with 结束be tired from 因……而疲乏be tired of 厌烦；对……厌倦be tired out 疲倦极了be torn open 被撕开be true of 适用于be unconscious of 不知道……be unequal to 无法胜任……的be unfit for 不适合，不胜任be united as one 团结一致第五十组be used as 被……用作be used to 习惯于get used to 习惯于be useful to 对……有用be well up in 精通，熟悉be wild with joy 欣喜若狂be willing to (do) 乐意……be worried about 为……而担心be worse off 处境较坏，情况恶化be worth (doing) 值得(做)be wrong with 有点毛病，有些不舒服(四)其他重要的固定搭配第五十一组above all 首先，毕竟after all 终于，毕竟；虽然这样at all 完全，根本all but 几乎，差一点all over 遍及，到处in all 总共，总计not at all 一点也不all out 全力以赴，竭尽全力leave alone 听其自然，更不用说along with 与……一起one after another 一个接一个one another 互相anything but 除……以外任何事(物)，根本不as...as 像……一样as for 至于，就……方面说as if 好像，仿佛第五十二组as though 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as well 也，又as well as (除……之外)也，既……又not as/so...as 不如……那样back and forth 往返，来来往往地back of 在……后部，在……背部because of 由于，因为had better 最好还是，应该both...and 既……又……，两个都but for 除……以外，倘没有，除非each other 互相either...or 或……或，不是……就是；无论……还是or else 否则，要不然even if/though 即使，虽然even then 即使那样，连，都第五十三组except for 除……之外as/so far as 远至，到……程度by far ……得多，最far from 远非，远离so far 迄今为止first of all 首先，第一if only 要是……就好了in itself 本身at last 最终，终于at least 至少，最低程度no less than 决不少于，不亚(次)于a little 一点；一些，少许little by little 逐渐地quite a little 相当多，不少as/so long as 只要，如果第五十四组no longer 不再，已不a great/good many of 许多，大量many a 许多的more and more 越来越more or less 或多或少no more than 不过，仅仅；和……一样不at (the) most 最多，至少，不超过make the most of 充分利用neither...nor 既不……也不every now and then 有时，时时，偶尔just now 刚才，一会儿以前now and then 时而，不时now that 既然，由于off and on 断断续续，不时地and so on 等等第五十五组all at once 突然；同时，一起at once 立刻，马上once (and) for all 一劳永逸，限此一次once more 再一次，又一次by oneself 独自地，单独地every other 每隔一个地other than 不同于over and over (again) 一再，再三all right 好，行all round 周围，处处ever since 从那时起，自那时以来and so on/forth 等等ever so 非常，极其or so 大约，左右so...as to 结果是；如此……以至于第五十六组so that 以便，为的是；结果是so...that 如此……以至于such as 像……那样的；诸如，例如such...that 那样的……以致that is (=i. e.) 就是说，即up to 起来，从事于，忙于；直至what about (对于)……怎么样what if 如果……将会怎样，即使……又有什么要紧whether...or 是……还是，不管……还是go wrong 发生故障，出毛病and yet 可是，然而as yet 到目前(那时)为止abide by 坚持；遵守accustom to 使习惯adapt to (使)适应，适合；改编第五十七组adhere to 粘附，胶着；坚持apologize (ise) to,for 道歉，认错cling to 粘住；依附；坚持collide with 抵触compensate for 补偿，赔偿comply with 照做，遵照，应允conceive of 设想，构思；以为conform to 遵守，依照，符合，顺应consult with 商量，商议cooperate with 合作，协作，相配合cope with 竞争，对抗；对付，应付；妥善处理deduce from 演绎，推断derive from 导出，由……来deviate from 背离，偏离dispose of 处理，处置dispose for 布置，安排第五十八组dwell on 凝思；详述hinder from 阻止，妨碍impose on 把……强加给intervene in 干涉，干预；插入originate in/from 起源，发生；首创，创造participate in 参与，参加；分享preside at/over 主持prevail over/against 取胜，占优势；流行，盛行reconcile to/with 使一致reign over 统治；盛行restrain from 抑制，制止sacrifice for/to 牺牲，献出，献祭scrape through 擦过，勉强通过specialize in 专攻，专门研究，专业化第五十九组testify to 说明，证实flare up 突然燃烧起来；突然发怒queue up 排队，排队等待acquaint sb. With 使认识，使了解correspondence with通信congratulations on 祝贺dependence on 依靠；依赖；信赖dissatisfaction with/at 不满，不平exposure to 受到longing for 渴望objection to 反对，异议preference for to 偏爱，喜爱；优惠；优先选择proficiency in 熟练，精通requirement for 需要，需要的东西，要求thirst for 渴望，热望by comparison 比较起来第六十组in sequence 依次，逐一at stake 在危险中，利害攸关in accordance with 与……一致on behalf of 代表……，为了……accustomed to 习惯于on the sly 偷偷地，冷不防地in excess of 超过to and fro 来来回回on schedule 按预定时间on sight 一见就……，立即(五)超纲的其他固定搭配除了《考试大纲》规定考生要掌握的固定搭配之外。

2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题

2015年北京师范大学考博英语真题(总分68, 做题时间90分钟)1. Reading ComprehensionThe human ear contains the organ for hearing and the organ for balance. Both organs involve fluid-filled channels containing hair cells that produce electrochemical impulses when the hairs are stimulated by moving fluid. The ear can be divided into three regions: outer, middle, and inner. The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them to the eardrum separating the outer ear from the middle ear. The middle ear conducts sound vibrations through three small bones to the inner ear. The inner ear is a network of channels containing fluid that moves in response to sound or movement. To perform the function of hearing, the ear converts the energy of pressure waves moving through the air into nerve impulses that me brain perceives as sound. Vibrating objects, such as the vocal cords of a speaking person, create waves in me surrounding air. These waves cause the eardrum to vibrate with the same frequency. The three bones of the middle ear amplify and transmit the vibrations to the oval window, a membrane on the surface of the cochlea, the organ of hearing. Vibrations of me oval window produce pressure waves in the fluid inside me cochlea. Hair cells in the cochlea convert the energy of the vibrating fluid into impulses that travel along the auditory nerve to the brain. The organ for balance is also located in the inner ear. Sensations related to body position are generated much like sensations of sound. Hair cells in the inner ear respond to changes in head position with respect to gravity and movement. Gravity is always pulling down on the hairs, sending a constant series of impulses to the brain. When the position of the head changes—as when the head bends forward—the force on the hair cells changes its output of nerve impulses. The brain then interprets these changes to determine the head's new position.1.What can be inferred about the organs for hearing and balance?A Both organs evolved in humans at the same time.B Both organs send nerve impulses to the brain.C Both organs contain the same amount of fluid.D Both organs are located in me ear's middle region.2.Hearing involves all of the following EXCEPT______.A motion of the vocal cords so that they vibrateB stimulation of hair cells in fluid-filled channelsC amplification of sound vibrationsD conversion of wave energy into nerve impulses3.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the cochlea is a part of______.A the outer earB me eardrumC the middle earD the inner ear4.What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 about gravity?A Gravity has an essential role in the sense of balance.B The ear converts gravity into sound waves in the air.C Gravity is a force that originates in the human ear.D The organ for hearing is not subject to gravity.5.In this passage, the author mainly explains______.A the organs of the human earB the function of the hearingC the three regions of the earD how the ear organ performs the hearing and balanceThe geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds andis constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level. The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random butis a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs—atmosphere, continent, and ocean—we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents. A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimessoils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.6.According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water______.A precipitating onto the groundB changing from a solid to a liquid stateC evaporating from the oceansD being carried by wind7.The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network" is to______.A determine the size of molecules of waterB prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC move water from the Earth's surface to the oceansD regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers8.What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?A The potential energy contained in water.B The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents.D The relative size of the water storage areas.9.All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT______.A magnesiumB ironC potassiumD calcium10.The word "efficiency" in line 21 is closest in meaning to______.A relationshipB growthC influenceD effectivenessScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough. Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such anunfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole. When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur. The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. " There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says. The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought mat several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays. If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US2. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says. Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US3, says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.11.Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which of the following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A The black hole could tear apart the star.B The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C The black hole could dwindle its size considerably.D The black hole could devour the star.12.According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem of ______.A whether nuclear reaction would occurB whether the stars would increase its density and temperatureC whether shock waves would occurD whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars13.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B The star would be destroyed completely.C Much of the star's matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole's reach.D The black hole would completely devour the star.14.What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A The star's matter will move further away from by the black hole.B The black hole's matter will heat up.C The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D The black hole's matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.15.According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph 6 means______.A confusionB tearing apartC interruptionD flatteningOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that " Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are making us lose friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer —who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all America is the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a moresignificant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.16.It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably______.A stand stillB jump asideC step forwardD draw back17.The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their______.A cultural self-centerednessB casual mannersC indifference towards foreign visitorsD arrogance towards other countries18.In countries other than their own most Americans______.A are isolated by the local peopleB are not well informed due to the language barrierC tend to get along well with the nativesD need interpreters in hotels and restaurants19.According to the author, Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will______.A affect their image in the new eraB cut themselves off from the outside worldC limit their role in world affairsD weaken the position of the US dollar20.The author's intention in writing this article is to make Americans realizethat______.A it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD it is time to get acquainted with other culturesHistorians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in 18th-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children's toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries? An answer to the first of these hasbeen difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of 18th-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The "middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism(a preoccupation with or stress upon material rather than intellectual or spiritual things), but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector. That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.21.In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to ______.A contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in 18th-century EnglandB indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to 18th-century English historyC give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in 18th-century EnglandD support the contention that key questions about 18th-century consumerism remain to be answered22.Which of the following items, if preserved from 18th-century England, would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in lines 3-4, Paragraph 2?A A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxury goods.B A diary that mentions luxury goods and services purchased by its author.C A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular play.D A payroll record from a company that produced luxury goods such as pottery.23.According to the text, Thompson attributes to laboring people in 18th-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?A Enthusiasm.B Curiosity.C Ambivalence.D Hostility.24.In the third paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with______.A contrasting two theses and offering a compromiseB questioning two explanations and proposing a possible alternative to themC paraphrasing the work of two historians and questioning their assumptionsD examining two theories and endorsing one over the other25.According to the text, 18th-century England and the contemporary world of the text readers are______.A dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classesB dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and servicesC dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be stimulant of industrial developmentD similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and servicesPity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject which has blighted their holidays and ruined their evenings. The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates; until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC's response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10% ; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics — including Oxford University, the London Schoolof Economics and the London Business School. Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finis their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics. The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies. The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.26.By time new doctors get a job and try to finish their theses in spare time, ______.A most of them died of some sicknessB their holidays and evenings have been ruined by their jobsC most of them are completely tired of the narrowly defined subjectD most of their grants run out27.Oxford University would be excluded out of those universities that receive PhD grants from ESRC, because the completion rate of its PhD students' theses within four years is lower than ______.A 25%B 40%C 39%D 10%28.All the following statements are the arguments against ESRC's policy EXCEPT______.A all the institutions on the blacklist are arbitrary and negativeB there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topicsC many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their diesesD some polytechnics are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance29.The ESRC would prefer______.A that me students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchersB to see higher standards of PhD students' theses and more ambitious doctoral topicsC more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD studentsD that PhD students were less modest in their aims30.What the ESRC can do is to______.A force departments to give graduates more teaching timeB try to persuade universities to change their waysC dictate me standard of diesis required by external examinersD note mat students want more research training and less elaborate style of thesis2. English-Chinese Translation1.Washington Irving grasped this fact nearly a hundred years ago when he wrote: "The stranger who would form a correct opinion of English character must go forth into the country. He must sojourn in villages and hamlets; he must visit castles, villas, farmhouses, cottages; he must wander through parks and gardens, along hedges and green lanes; he must loiter about country churches, attend wakes and fairs and other rural festivals, and cope with me people in all their conditions and all their habits and humors. "2.The impact of decentralization trends, of course, extends well beyond cities. Sprawling development patterns are destabilizing many of the suburbs that surround America's cities. Older suburbs are experiencing the same challenges as cities: failing schools, persistent crime, and the loss of jobs and businesses to other, further out suburbs. Even suburban areas that are developing rapidly are finding that explosive growth has its drawbacks, especially in the form of overcrowded schools, but also in long commutes and the inability of local governments to pay for new roads, sewers, and other infrastructure.3. Chinese-English Translation1.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。

2015北京大学考博英语真题长难句50句

2015北京大学考博英语真题长难句50句1.Even the doctoral degree,long recognized as a required“union card”in the academic world,has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.1、即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位，现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习，却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。

2.While a selection of necessary details is involved in both,the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts,while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.2、尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的，但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面，而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始，并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。

北京师范大学考博英语必备翻译知识点汇总

北京师范大学考博英语必备翻译知识点汇总2015年考博还有一段时间，同学们都在紧张的备考，育明考博为苦背单词的同学整理了以下句子，希望有助于同学们备考需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

1.The accessory successor never made concessions to difficulties, so he succeeded in accessing successive successes。

附属继承人从未向困难妥协，因此在走向连续的成功之路上成功了。

2.I exceed the excellent student who has excessive excellence。

我胜过那个有过多优点的优秀学生。

3.During the procession,the microprocessor finished the processing procedure。

在队伍行进时，微处理器完成了加工过程。

4.The chess professor confessed his professional blessing in the confession。

象棋教授在供状中承认了其职业福气。

5.The progressive congressman dressed in black stressed his distress。

穿着黑色衣服的进步国会议员强调了他的不幸。

6.The man depressed by the pressure from the press expressed the impression on him。

那个受到来自新闻界压力压抑的人表达了他的印象。

7.Initially I kept silent to the essential essay。

起初我对这个重要的短评保持沉默。

2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇记忆重要性

中国考博辅导首选学校 2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇记忆重要性究竟记多少单词才够用？对于这个问题，很多考生都认为，记得越多越好。

其实问题并非那么简单。

英文词汇有几十万，比较常用的也有五、六万。

不用说把几十万英文词汇都记住，就是把比较常用的五、六万英文词汇都记住，中国绝大多数学英语的人，一辈子也办不到。

海天考博辅导专家提醒考生，对于词汇量，要根据自己某一个阶段的英语学习目标，确定这一个阶段必须掌握的基本词汇量，以后再逐步扩大范围。

大家可以参照考博大纲上的要求，现阶段大纲还没有出炉，大家可以先借鉴去年的大纲，因为每年的变动不会太大，所以大家完全可以参考去年的大纲，等到新大纲出来之后再做对比。

正确认识考博英语准备复习考博英语的时候，大家首先要对英语有个正确的认识。

英语是一种能力，要想提高英语考试的成绩，就要提高自己的英语能力，无论是四、六级还是考博英语都是如此。

如果抱着侥幸心理只是为了应付考试，可能只能治标不治本，更不太可能考出好成绩的。

平时学习英语时候的目标要定位于提高英语水平、对错都要弄明白理由。

海天考博辅导专家认为，大家学英语学了这么多年，会看会做阅读却不会说不会写，很大一部分原因就是没有语言环境。

导致学习效果不好，怎么学长进也不大。

让“阅”读变“悦”读阅读的过程不仅仅是捕捉信息，而且还包括分析事实、原因、各个细节及其与作者意图之间的关系。

按照篇章内容和有关系那所做出准确的判断和推理，以便了解作者的态度和观点，挖掘文章的主旨，最终得出正确的结论。

海天考博辅导专家提醒考生，在阅读时不妨尝试熟悉阅读的篇章结构，在阅读时，大家首先要判断文章结构安排、写作目的、面向的阅读对象、文章体裁等是提高阅读速度、快速领会篇章内容的好办法。

同时，了解英语中不同文体的篇章结构的基本特点，对于把握篇章的要点、中心思想和作者的意图以及其他细节都有极大的帮助。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇

北京师范大学考博英语真题常见重点词汇(1)表示“在……之中(之间)，相互”意义加前缀interlace束紧——interlace混合，交织breed繁殖——interbreed杂交，繁殖lock锁——interlock连锁personal个人的——interpersonal人际关系的(2)表示“中间的，居中的”意义加前缀midsummer夏季——midsummer仲夏night夜晚——midnight午夜day白天——midday中午，正午ship船——midship船的中央部分(3)表示“错误的(地)，坏的(地)，不利的(地)”意义加前缀mismatch搭配——mismatch误配，配合不当quote引用——misquote错误地引用需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

count计算——miscount算错chance机会——mischance不幸，灾祸(4)表示“再一次，重新，返回，在……后”意义加前缀rearrange安排——rearrange重新安排call呼唤——recall唤回decorate装饰——redecorate重新装饰value估价——revalue重新估价(5)表示“越过，超越，过度的”意义加前缀overcharge索价——overcharge索价太高exposure曝光——overexposure感光过度fly飞——overfly飞越stock存货——overstock存货过多(6)表示“下面的，不完全的，从属于”意义加前缀undersell出售——undersell廉价出售secretary部长——undersecretary副部长production生产——underproduction生产不足garment外衣——undergarment衬衣(7)表示“一半，不完全的，发生两次的”意义加前缀semitone音调——semitone半音coke焦炭——semicoke半成焦炭detached分开的，独立的——semidetached半独立式的weekly每周的——semiweekly每周两次的(8)表示“非常小的，微型的，小规模的”意义加前缀minibus公交车——minibus小公交车computer计算机——minicomputer小型计算机skirt裙子——miniskirt超短裙cab出租车——minicab小型计程车(9)表示“大量的，多数的”意义加前缀multi(在元音前作mult) linguistic语言的——multilinguistic多种语言的storey层的——multistorey多层楼的angular角形的——multangular多角的national国家的——multinational多国的(10)表示“反对，反传统式样”意义加前缀antiwar战争——antiwar反战的cancer癌症——anticancer抗癌aircraft飞行器——antiaircraft对空的semitic犹太人的——anti semitic反犹太人的(11)表示“共同的，相互的”意义加前缀coexist存在——coexist共存operation操作;工作，活动—cooperation合作，协力habit居住——cohabit同居education教育——coeducation男女同校的教育(12)表示“下降，分离，相反，除去”意义加前缀de classify保密——declassify泄密rail铺设铁轨——derail脱离轨道，出轨appreciate赏识，升值——deappreciate贬值，折旧horn触角——dehorn切去角(13)表示“本身的，独自的”意义加前缀autographic书写的——autographic亲笔的immunity免疫——autoimmunity自体免疫criticism批评——autocriticism自我批评biographical传记的——autobiographical自传的(14)表示“代理，副，次”意义加前缀vicemonitor班长——vicemonitor副班长president总统——vicepresident副总统admiral海军上将——viceadmiral海军中将，次于海军上将royalty王——viceroyalty副王(15)表示“在……之上，更加，超越”意义加前缀superabundance充足——superabundance剩余，过度cool变凉——supercool过度冷却addition增加物——superaddition追加incumbent现任的——superincumbent盖在上面的;(压力)自上而下的(16)表示“在(时间，场所)……之后”意义加前缀postglacial冰河的——postglacial冰河期之后的graduate毕业生——postgraduate研究生war战争的——postwar战后时期impressionism印象主义——postimpressionism后印象主义派(17)表示“假冒的，虚伪的，不真诚的”意义加前缀pseudomemory记忆——pseudomemory记忆错误love爱情——pseudolove假爱，不真诚的爱graphic文字的——pseudographic伪书的scientific科学的——pseudoscientific伪科学的(18)表示“远(距离)的，电视的”意义加前缀telephotography摄影术——telephotography远距离摄影术typewriter打字机——teletypewriter电传打字机meter计量器——telemeter测远计communication通信——telecommunication电信，远距离通讯本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2015年考博英语语法真题重点整理(3)

2015年考博英语语法真题重点整理（3）—动词的句型1、常见的动词句型（1）在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。

例如： She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising．她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。

I watched them rehearsing the play．我看他们排演戏。

I could feel the wind blowing on my face．我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。

（2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。

例如：I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他们偷我的苹果。

If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。

We found him waiting to receive us．我们发现他正等着接待我们。

（3)go +现在分词表示“从事…”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。

go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。

如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling 打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。

I’ll go camping tomorrow．我明天去露营。

I’ll go shopping．我去商店。

Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗?（4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做…I am busy writing my thesis．我正忙着写论文。

2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇词义破解

2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇词义破解在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。

这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。

其实这种做法是不科学的。

它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。

事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。

我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。

海天考博提醒考生应重点避免以下两种情况：第一，考生往往会随便猜一个选项，错误率很高。

第二种情况下，考生往往落入命题专家的陷阱，不知不觉地失了分，原因是考生并没有掌握阅读词汇题的基本命题原则。

在阅读部分的词汇题要考的并不是考生认不认识题中所考的单词，否则便是命题失效。

此处要考的是考生阅读中的推断能力，也就是说题中所考单词的词义必定能根据上下文推断出来。

所以考生在遇到阅读中的词汇题时，一定要冷静，去上下文中细找，推断出词义后，可将词义代入原文看是否通畅。

词义题解题方法针对推测生词含义题型，我们可以从两个方面进行分析：1）利用内在逻辑关系。

即根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。

a.根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。

b.根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。

c.根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。

d.根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。

在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些技巧，我们还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

此外利用词缀亦不失为一种有效的手段。

a.根据前缀猜测词义例如：He fell into a ditch and lay there， semiconscious， for a few minutes.根据词根conscious（清醒的，有意识的），结合前缀semi（半，部分的，不完全的），我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。

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2015北京师范大学考博英语真题词汇速成法词汇体系•第一部分→上帝造人→身体部位及人物关系•第二部分→上帝造人→人的行为动作•第三部分→精神世界→思维活动•→情感活动•第四部分→人与自然→自然动态•→自然万物•第五部分→人与社会→管理阶层•→社会行为第一部分身体部位及人物关系（一）眼spec, spect, spic, spise看respectrespectable adj. 值得尊敬的Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is ___ CA. influentialB. modestC. respectableD. talented (2011. Text 1-22)respectful a. 恭敬的，尊敬的disrespectful a. 无礼的respective a. 各自的respectively ad. 各自地retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi. 回顾，追溯，回想….raising a child can bring happiness in retrospect…..(2011 text 4)prospect n. 前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1).a. 预期的，未来的expectexpectation n. 期待；预期；指望Art provides a balance between expectation and reality. (2006 Text 4-40 B) Expected adj. 预期的；预料的…the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. (2005 Writing).n. 期待，期望unexpected adj. 意外的，想不到的inspectinspection n. 视察，检查inspector n.检查员，巡视员Perspective n.透视图；观点；远景from the middle-class family perspective…despise vt. 鄙视，看不起suspect n. 嫌疑犯adj. 可疑的v. 怀疑；猜想suspicion n. 1. 怀疑2. 一点儿suspicious a. 1. 猜疑的2. 可疑的conspicuous a. 显眼的，明显的This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.n.1.场面 2. 景象3. [pl.]眼镜a. 壮观的n.惊人之举n. 观众，旁观者speculate vi.推测2. 投机vt. 推测n. 思索，做投机买卖a. 思索的，推测的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3. 面貌，外观n.1.光谱 2.范围，幅度vid,vis,看见video n. 录相带a. 视频的view n. 1. 看法2. 景色vt. 看待viewpoint n. 观点visitor n. 参观者，访问者，来客evident a. 明显的，明白的review n./vt. 1. 审查2. 复习3. 评论4. 检阅visibleinvisible 看不见的，无形的visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化visual 视力的visit 参观vision n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。

visionary 幻想的，幻觉的envision 正视，面对advise 劝告，建议advisory 劝告的，忠告的supervise 监督supervisor n. 监督人，管理人supermarket supermansuperstition 迷信revise 修正，修改revision n.修正，修订opt（=vision）看,光optical a. 光（学）的；眼的，视力的；视觉的optic adj.眼的，视觉的，光学上的optician n.1.眼镜商，2.眼镜商店3.光学仪器制造者optics n.光学adopt vt.1.收养2.采取，采纳，采用3.正式通过，批准opt vi.（for）选择，挑选optimum a.最合适的，最优的，最佳的option n.选择,选择权，选择自由,选修课optional a.可以任选的，非强制的，选修的optimism n.乐观，乐观主义optimist n.乐观主义者optimal a.最佳的，最理想的，最令人满意的（二）耳audi , aud=to hear听audio a. 音频的，听觉的radiovideopianosoloaudible a.听得见的audience n.听众，观众audit vt/n.1.审计2.旁听auditor n.1.审计员2.旁听生 3.听者auditorium n. 1.观众席2.礼堂inaudible adj. 听不见的（三）口dict,dic,dit 说，宣称predict vt. 预言，预测，预告真题例句: And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment... （2008 阅读Text 3）indict vt.1.谴责，指责2.控告，起诉，告发verdict n.1.裁定2.定论，判断性意见addict n.有瘾/入迷的人vt.使成瘾/入迷dedicate vt.1.题献词2. 把（一生等）献给真题例句: . ...the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depict ing happiness…（2006阅读Text 4）contradict vt.反驳，与…发生矛盾，与…抵触contradiction n.1.矛盾，不一致 2.否认，反驳indicate vt.1.标示，指示2.表明，示意indication n.1.指示，表示 2.象征，迹象indicative a.标示的, 陈述的n.陈述语气dictation 听写fab,fam,fess 说profess vt.1.表示，承认2. 宣誓入教3.以为职业profession n. 职业,[the ～] 同行, 表白,入教的誓言professional a.职业的n.自由职业者，专业人员vacation vocationvacationvocationconfess vt.&vi.1.坦白，供认2.承认log,loqu,locut,说话dialog n.对话，对白n.逻辑（学）的，符合逻辑的 2.合乎常理的n.航行日志.日志,原木vt.&vi.记录,伐木eloquent a.1.雄辩的，有说服力的2.明白显示的monologue n.1. 滔滔不绝的话2.独白slogan n.标语，口号，广告语拓展：uni- sol mono-unifieduniform 制服universeunite 统一unique 独一无二的，独特的isolate 使隔绝，使孤独sole adj, 唯一的solo 独奏，独唱solar adj.阳光的，日光的solitary 独自的，独居的，隐居的，lead a solitary life,过着独居的生活desolate 荒凉的，使荒凉。

console 舒适，给人以安慰monologue 独白，自言自语dialogue 对话monotonous 单调的，无聊的。

claim, clam (= cry out, to shout, to call)大叫claim vt. 1. 声称2.索取n. 1. 要求，声称acclaim vt. 向…欢呼n. 称赞exclaim v. 呼喊，惊叫exclamation n. 感叹，感叹语proclaim vt. 1. 宣告，显示proclamation n. 宣言，公告reclaim vt. 1. 要回2.开拓3. 回收利用voc，voke，vot，vow（=to sound；call）喊voice n. 1.嗓音2. 发言权vt.说（话）advocate vt. 拥护n. 拥护者ad为强调devote v.1. 将奉献给2. 宣誓给予evoke vt. 唤起，引起provoke vt. 1. 对挑衅2. 激起revokevote n./v. 票2. 投票veto n. 否决vocabulary n. 词（汇）表vocal a.直言不讳的，嗓音的n. [pl.] 声乐节目vocationvacationspir（=to breathe；mind）呼吸spirit n. 1. 精神，幽灵，志气; [pl.]烈酒spiritual a. 精神（上）的respire v. 呼吸respiration n. 呼吸aspire vi.（to，after）渴望，追求n. 有抱负者a.上进的n.1. 热望2. 发音时的送气conspire v.1. 密谋2.（事件等）巧合conspiracy n. 阴谋，密谋expire vi. 1. 期满2. 断气inspire vt. 1. 鼓舞2. 给以灵感inspiration n. 1. 灵感 2. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）v .1. 出汗2. 分泌perspiration n. 1. 排汗2. 汗液（四）头cap (=head头)cap n.帽子，军帽，巅峰，vt.戴帽子，盖在…顶上capital n.首都，首府,资本,大写字母a.大写的死罪的真题例句: The railroad industry... still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. (2003 阅读Text 3）capitalism n.资本主义真题例句: Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nin eteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? (1993 阅读Text 2）captain n.1.船长，机长2.上尉，队长，领队cape n.1.斗篷，披肩2.海角，岬cap, cop, cup, cab 抓取；控制；容纳capable n.1.（实际）能力2.潜能，性能3.容量真题例句: ...lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands .（2001阅读Text 4）capacity n.1.容量，容积2.才能3.身份，职位真题例句: ...they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing... (2002知识运用）capsule n.1.胶囊（剂）2.航天舱，密封舱captive a.被俘虏的，被捕获的n.俘虏真题例句: Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more... (2003阅读Text 3）captivate vt.迷住，迷惑capture vt.1.俘虏2.夺得n.俘获，捕获真题例句: Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. (2007阅读Text 2）occupy vt.1.占领，占，占用2，使忙碌，使从事真题例句: Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better. （2006 阅读Text 2）occupation n.1.工作2.（人）从事的活动3.占领cab n.1.出租汽车2.司机室，驾驶室3.轻便马车cabin n. 1.小木屋2.机舱，船舱cable n. 缆绳，电缆,（海底）电报vt.给发电报（五）手ag,act（=to do；to drive做，行动，驱动）act v. 表演，起作用n. 行动,法案,一幕真题例句: Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. （2007阅读Text 4）actor n.（男）演员actress n.女演员active a.1.活跃的，积极的2.主动的，起作用的真题例句: A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want ……（2003知识运用）activate vt.使活动起来，使开始起作用真题例句: Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system. (1997阅读Text 3）activist n.激进主义分子，积极参加政治活动的人activity n.1.活动，行动2.活跃，活力真题例句: . ...enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. （2006阅读part B）actual a.实际的，事实上的，真实的真题例句: The mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. (2005阅读Text 1）actuate vt.使行动，驱使inactive a. 无行动的，怠惰的,非活动的,无作用agency n.代理行，经销处,专门行政部门真题例句: Manpower Inc., with 560 000 workers, is th e world’s largest temporary employment agency. (1997知识运用）agent n.代理人，代理商，特工，政府代表,原因,剂真题例句: the site’s “personal search agent” (2004阅读Text 1）agenda n.议事日程，记事册真题例句: And since these messages have an agenda-to lure us to open our wallets-they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. （2006 阅读Text 4）enact vt.1.制定（法律）2.上演，扮演exact a.精确的，确切的vt.强求，要求，索取真题例句: ...all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. （1993翻译）a.1.要求严格的2.需要付出很大努力的react v.反应，反抗fact，fect，fict，feat，feit，fat，fet，fit做factory n.工厂，制造厂facility n.1.[pl.]设备，设施，2.便利，容易，方便facilitate vt．使变得（更）容易，使便利faculty 1,能力2，学院，3 全套教员fact n.1.事实2.实情，真相3.真实性4.（犯罪）行为真题例句: These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. (2008 知识运用)factual a.1.事实的，实际的2.根据事实的真题例句: He has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems（2006翻译）factor n.因素，要素，动因affect v影响,（疾病）侵袭, 感到非常地悲伤或怜悯真题例句: And should one country take upon itself the role of defending competition on issues that affect many other nations... （2001阅读Text 4）defect n.缺点，缺陷，毛病vi.变节，叛变infectious a.1.传染的，有传染性的 2.有感染力的infect vt.1.传染，感染 2.影响infection n.1.传染病 2.传染，传播，感染真题例句: ...some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections. （2008知识运用）perfect a.完美的，完全的,（动词）完成时的vt. 改善perfectly a.极佳的，完美的ad.很，完全，完美地perfection n.完成性质或状态,行为或过程, 完美的人或事imperfection n.1.不完美，非理想性2.缺点，瑕疵deficit n.赤字，亏空，亏损effect n.结果,效力.[pl.]个人财产vt.实现，引起真题例句: First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. (1997阅读Text 3)effective a.1.有效的，2.给人印象深刻的3.实际effectivity n.效力，效果，有效性effectiveness = effectivity效率，效能，功效真题例句: . ... the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry. （2000翻译）efficient a.效率高的，有能力的; 共同作用的，合作的真题例句: At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. (1994 阅读Text 2)proficiency n.熟练，精通proficient n.能手，专家 a. 精通的，熟练的profit n.益处，收益vt.有益于vi. 得益profitable a.有利可图的，有益的feat n.功绩，伟业，技艺feature n.特征面貌,特写, vt.突出，主演真题例句：It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then Emails them when a matching position is posted in the database. （2004阅读Text 1）（六）人物关系dem，demo (=the people) 民众democracy 民主真题例句：On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.一方面，它为分析像公正、民主以及自由这样的概念提供机会。