2017年美赛D题题目翻译
美国数学建模题目至翻译
美国数学建模题目2017至2017翻译篇一：2017年建模美赛C题带翻译Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads.For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hoursbecause the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularlypronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interestfor this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highwayswithout increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existingtraffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving,cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (Seethe provided map and Excel spreadsheet).In particular, how do the effects change as thepercentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there atipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes bededicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/oraverage traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Yourmodel should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self-driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads ofinterest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to theGovernor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: Theappendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours. ? The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.? Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.? Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.? Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.? In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use thedata provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C：“合作和导航”由于道路的数量，美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
2017年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(课标全国卷III)
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（课标全国卷Ⅲ）A旧金山消防车之旅旧金山葡萄酒之旅活动时间：2月1日至4月30日在这次美妙的旅程中，我们将穿过城市到达金银岛，在著名的旧金山酿酒厂停留。
在这里您可以品尝四杯旧金山酒厂提供的美酒。
（包含在门票价格中）从罐头厂出发时间：根据客户要求时长：2小时价格：90美元回到50年代的巡回演出活动时间:8月16日到8月31日这次旅行将你带回旧金山最精彩的时期之一—20世纪50年代，我们将带你去旧金山免费品尝冰淇淋，体验有趣的历史。
从罐头厂出发时间: 下午5:00和下午7:30时长：2小时价格：90美元令人毛骨悚然的万圣节之旅活动时间:10月10日至10月31日请与我们一起游览历史上的总统区。
当我们的表演者带你去旧金山最激动人心的部分时，真正的消防装备就会为你提供温暖。
从罐头厂出发时间：下午6点30分，8点30分。
时长：1小时和30分钟价格：根据客户要求提供节日灯之旅活动时间：12月6日至12月23日这段迷人的旅行带你去感受旧金山一些最愉快的度假场景。
当你进入节日的精神状态时，真正的消防装备就会为你提供温暖。
从罐头厂出发时间：晚上7点和9点。
时长：1小时30分钟需要提前预订。
B昨天，广场剧院的最后一部电影放映结束几分钟后，员工们正忙着清扫爆米花和可乐杯。
在剧院75年的历史中，这一幕曾多次上演。
然而，这次的清理工作有些不同。
当一群工人在清理垃圾时，另一群人开始拆除座位和其他剧院设备，为拆除剧院做准备。
经典电影《最后一场电影》是老剧院放映的最后一部电影。
尽管这部电影已经30多年了，但在250个座位中，大多数座位上的人热泪盈眶，他们都是想和老剧院说再见的观众。
影院老板艾德·布拉德福德说他之所以选择播放这部电影是因为它很应景。
这部电影是在一个小镇上拍摄的，那里唯一的电影院正准备关闭。
布拉德福德说，这座城市的大型现代剧院使得广场剧院不具竞争力。
他补充道，剧院的位置也是原因之一。
2017年建模美赛B题带翻译
Problem B: Merge After TollMulti-lane divided limited-access toll highways use “ramp tolls” and “barrier tolls”to collect tolls from motorists. A ramp toll is a collection mechanism at an entrance or exit ramp to the highway and these do not concern us here. A barrier toll is a row of tollbooths placed across the highway, perpendicular to the direction of traffic flow. There are usually (always) more tollbooths than there are incoming lanes of traffic (see former 2005 MCM Problem B). So when exiting the tollbooths in a barrier toll, vehicles must “fan in” from the larger number of tollbooth egress lanes to the smaller number of regular travel lanes. A toll plazais the area of the highway needed to facilitate the barrier toll, consisting of thefan-out area before the barrier toll, the toll barrier itself, and the fan-in area after the toll barrier. For example, a three-lane highway (one direction) may use 8 tollbooths in a barrier toll. After paying toll, the vehicles continue on their journey on a highway having the same number of lanes as had entered the toll plaza (three, in this example).Consider a toll highway having L lanes of travel in each direction and a barrier toll containing B tollbooths (B > L) in each direction. Determine the shape, size, and merging pattern of the area following the toll barrier in which vehicles fan in from B tollbooth egress lanes down to L lanes of traffic. Important considerations to incorporate in your model include accident prevention, throughput (number of vehicles per hour passing the point where the end of the plaza joins the L outgoing traffic lanes), and cost (land and road construction are expensive). In particular, this problem does not ask for merely a performance analysis of any particular toll plaza design that may already be implemented. The point is to determine if there are better solutions (shape, size, and merging pattern) thanany in common use.Determine the performance of your solution in light and heavy traffic. How does your solution change as more autonomous (self-driving) vehicles are added tothe traffic mix? How is your solution affected by the proportions of conventional (human-staffed) tollbooths, exact-change (automated) tollbooths, and electronic toll collection booths (such as electronic toll collection via a transponder in the vehicle)?Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to the New Jersey Turnpike Authority, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit.多车道有限接入收费公路使用“坡道收费”和“障碍收费”收取驾驶人士的收费。
2017年高考英语真题阅读理解译文(课标全国卷I)
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（课标全国卷Ⅰ）A太平洋科学中心指南◆参观太平洋科学中心商店别忘了去太平洋科学中心的商店，那里可以参与精彩的科学活动或者购买纪念品来为你的旅行留念。
商店位于3号楼楼上激光屋的右边。
◆饿了吗？我们的展览会为你提供精神食粮，但是你的身体呢？我们的咖啡馆除了提供应季特色菜以外，还有完整的菜单供你选择午餐和小吃。
咖啡馆位于1号楼的楼上，每天营业至太平洋科学中心关门前一小时。
◆租赁信息在您游览期间，可以租赁储物柜存放任何物品。
储物柜位于服务台和1号楼附近。
在服务台和丹尼路入口处可以租到手推车和轮椅。
需要出示身份证件。
◆赞助太平洋科学中心自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直激发人们对科学、数学和科技领域探索发现和终身学习的热情。
太平洋科学中心每年接待游客130多万人，每年在华盛顿州的课堂和社区进行探究性科学教育。
这是一项了不起的成就，如果没有个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨赞助，我们就无法实现这一目标。
请访问pacificsciencecenter. org查看赞助方式。
B我在野生动物志愿者组织工作，这是一家提供野生动物救援和教育的机构，位于蝗虫谷贝利植物园。
帮助受伤、流离失所或生病的动物是令人心碎的，因为我们从来不能确定他们能否存活。
但是，当救助起作用的时候，简直太美好了。
我接到了羊肉镇一名女子的救援电话，她在地上发现了一只猫头鹰幼雏。
我到现场时，看到了一只2-3周大的猫头鹰。
为了安全它已经被放置在一个架子上。
我检查了这只幼雏，似乎一切都正常。
如果我能找到巢穴，也许能把它放回去，但是没找到。
接下里我要做的是建造一个巢穴，并把它固定在树上。
房主非常乐于助人，给我找了一个铁丝篮。
为了让巢更加舒适、安全，我放进去了一些松树枝。
我将这只雏鸟放进去后，它很快就平静下来了。
现在它只需要父母，但他们却不在。
我给了房主一份关于猫头鹰幼雏饥饿时尖叫的录音。
这可以告诉成年猫头鹰幼雏的位置；录音也可能会帮助猫头鹰幼雏开始叫。
大学生英语竞赛D类翻译专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
大学生英语竞赛D类翻译专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.1．任何人，不管是二十岁还是八十岁，停止学习就会衰老。
(whether．．．or…)正确答案：Anyone who stops learning is old，whether at twenty or eighty．解析：(“衰老”可译为“grow old，slow up，age”等，本句在翻译过程中将其动词词性转译为形容词。
“不管是二十岁还是八十岁”在句中做插人语，可译为whether引导的让步状语从句。
)2．毕竟世上有这样一些人，他们渴望和平、安宁的生活。
(eager for)正确答案：After all，there are some people who are eager for peaceful and calm life．解析：(be eager for渴望。
who引导的定语从句修饰some people。
)3．因为我不太了解艺术，我无法评价你的作品。
(comment on)正确答案：As I don’t know much about art, I can’t comment on your work.解析：(comment on sth．对…评价，评论。
)4．保护知识产权使发明者能从他们所发明的东西上获益。
(benefit from)正确答案：The protection of intellectual property allowed the inventor to benefit from what they have invented.解析：(intellectual property知识产权。
benefit from从…获益。
)5．她总是觉得受人监视而心神不宁。
(be obsessed with)正确答案：She was obsessed with the feeling that she was being watched.解析：(be obsessed with痴迷于…；沉迷于…。
2017年美国数学建模大赛B题答案中文翻译大长河露营问题
沿着“大长河”露营问题摘要游客在“大长河”可以享受到秀丽的风光和令人兴奋的白色湍流，因此许多游客选择在这条长河上露营几天。
对于此问题，我们归结为两个：一个是安排一个最优的混合旅行方案，使得最大限度的利用露营地，并且要使船只尽可能少的接触到河上其它的船只，二是把我们发现的问题在模型中提出来，以便管理者作为改进经销的意见参考。
我们把所有旅游时间分为忙时和闲时。
在忙时，由于游客旅游次数比较多，而两个露营者又不能在同一时间占据同一个露营地，所以我们考虑“大长河”上露营地的利用率越高，总的旅游时间越短，那么“大长河”的管理者就会获利越大。
我们采用“平移模型”对整个旅游模式进行设计，最终达到最大限度地利用露营地。
所谓“平移模型”就是指每天都选择同一种漂流工具，然后对每条橡胶筏（或机动帆船）都设定好当天的露营地点，就好像每天所有的游客都向前平移一样，这样我们就可以最大限度（全部）地利用“大长河”上的露营地，并且在河上的所有船只都不会碰面。
但是此种模型在很好地符合条件的同时也是存在着问题的，那就是按照这种模式，所有旅客从头至尾都只能乘坐一种漂流方式进行游览，显得有些单调，最终使游客的满意度降低。
所以我们又对该模型做了一些改进。
对所有人征集意见，如果大多数的游客都愿意换漂流工具，那管理者就在第二天同时对所有人换漂流工具，这样就可以使所有旅客体验到不同的漂流方式。
在闲时，由于来游玩的游客不是很多，所以可以更大程度的按照游客自己的意愿来旅游。
游客可以自由选择自己想的旅游时间，我们假设游客对旅游天数的选择服从泊松分布。
根据搜集到的资料，我们可以得到机动船和橡胶筏的数量关系，因此我们可以得到游客选择机动帆船和橡胶筏的旅游天数的概率，对其归一化后，得到游客选择旅行的平均时长。
假定游客可以自由选择每天的旅行路程长度，我们观察数据得到这个长度符合正态分布规律，则可得到计划旅行i天的游客每日旅行的路程，那么平均每日所有游客的旅行路程也可以得出。
年美赛d题题目翻译
问题D：优化机场安全检查站乘客吞吐量继2001年9月11日美国发生恐怖袭击事件后，全世界的机场安全状况得到显着改善。
机场有安全检查站。
在那里，乘客及其行李被检查爆炸物和其他危险物品。
这些安全措施的目的是防止乘客劫持或摧毁飞机，并在旅行期间保持所有乘客的安全。
然而，航空公司有既得利益，通过最小化他们在安全检查站排队等候并等待他们的航班的时间，来保持乘客积极的飞行体验。
因此，在最大化安全性和最小化对乘客的不便之前存在对立。
在2016年，美国运输安全局（TSA）受到了对极长线路，特别是在芝加哥的奥黑尔国际机场的尖锐批评。
在此公众关注之后，TSA投资对其检查点设备和程序进行了若干修改，并增加了在高度拥堵的机场中的人员配置。
虽然这些修改在减少等待时间方面有一定的成功，但TSA在实施新措施和增加人员配置方面花费了多少成本尚不清楚。
除了在奥黑尔机场的问题，还有在其他机场，包括通常排队等待时间较短的机场，会出现不明原因和不可预测的排队拥挤情况的事件。
检查点排队状况的这种高度变化性对于乘客来说可能是极其不利的，因为他们面临着不必要地早到达或可能赶不上他们的预定航班的风险。
许多新闻文章，包括[1,2,3,4,5]，描述了与机场安全检查站相关的一些问题。
您的内部控制管理（ICM）团队已经与TSA签订合同，审查机场安全检查站和人员配置，以确定潜在的干扰乘客吞吐量的瓶颈。
他们特别感兴趣的解决方案是，既增加检查点吞吐量，减少等待时间的变化，同时保持相同的安全和安全标准。
美国机场安全检查点的当前流程如图1所示。
区域A：乘客随机到达检查站，并等待队列，直到安全人员可以检查他们的身份证明和登机文件。
区域B：然后乘客移动到打开检查的队列;根据机场的预期活动水平，可能开放更多或更少的线路。
一旦乘客到达这个队列的前面，他们准备所有的物品用于X射线检查。
乘客必须去除鞋子，皮带，夹克，金属物体，电子产品和带液体容器，将它们放置在单独的X射线箱中;笔记本电脑和一些医疗设备也需要从其袋中取出并放置在单独的容器中。
2015年美赛D题纯手工翻译---Superman-t
它是可持续的吗？问题背景我们这个时代最大的挑战之一是如何协调持续增长的人口和地球上有限的可消费资源的关系。
我们怎样才能做到这一点的同时，兼顾社会公平的提高并致力于消除贫困？从1960年的现代环保运动开始，平衡人类需要与地球健康成为一个争论很大的话题。
经济的发展和生态系统的健康是相矛盾的吗？为了协调这个困难的平衡，可持续发展的概念在20世纪80年代被提出。
可持续发展在1987年布伦特兰的报告中被定义为“发展既满足当代人的需求又不损害后代人满足其自身需求的能力。
”这个概念提出以后，可持续发展已经成为国际化的援助组织，规划者，政府和非营利性组织的目标。
尽管如此，迈向可持续发展的未来的步伐从未像现在这样迫切。
联合国预测世界人口将在2050年之前达到90亿水平。
这一点，加之不断增长的消费需要，给地球有限的资源施加了更为巨大的压力。
了解地球是一个连接时间和空间的系统是可持续发展的关键。
发展必须着眼于需要（例如，减少世界贫困人口的脆弱性）和限制（例如，环境降解废物的能力）。
在2012年，联合国可持续发展大会认识到：“消除贫困，改变不可持续的并促进可持续的消费和生产模式，以经济和社会发展为基础保护并管理自然资源是可持续发展的首要目标和基本要求。
”减少个人贫穷和脆弱性，鼓励经济发展，保持生态系统健康是可持续发展的支柱。
问题描述The International Conglomerate of Money (ICM) 已聘请你来帮助他们使用其丰富的金融资源和影响力，以创造一个更加可持续的的世界。
他们尤其对发展中国家特别感兴趣，他们相信在那里可以收货自己投资的最大成果。
任务1：为一个国家的可持续发展建立一个模型。
这个模型应该提供一种评估方式用于将更具有可持续发展潜力的国家和政策从可持续发展潜力小的群体中区分出来。
该模型也可以用来告知ICM哪些国家最需要支持和干预。
这些因素可能包括人类健康，粮食安全，获得洁净水，当地环境质量，能源接入的便利性，生计，社会脆弱性和公平可持续发展。
【2017年江苏卷D篇】高考真题—Old problem, new approaches
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.
B. The global warming trend cannot be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly.
D. Sunቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱight reflection may relieve global warming.
A. Storing ice for future use.
B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time.
D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
68. What do we learn from the Peru example?
C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.
D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.
美国数学建模题目2017至2017翻译
美国数学建模题目2017至2017翻译各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢篇一：2017年建模美赛C题带翻译Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hoursbecause the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularlypronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interestfor this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highwayswithout increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior ofthese cars interacting with the existingtraffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving,cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (Seethe provided map and Excel spreadsheet). In particular, how do the effects change as thepercentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there atipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes bededicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/oraverage trafficvolume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Yourmodel should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self-driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads ofinterest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to theGovernor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: Theappendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours. ? The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.? Mileposts are numbered from southto north, and west to east.? Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.? Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.? In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use thedata provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the : A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C：“合作和导航”由于道路的数量，美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
2017美赛ABCDEF题英文+中文翻译
PROBLEM A:Managing The Zambezi RiverThe Kariba Dam on the Zambezi River is one of the larger dams in Africa.Its construction was controversial,and a2015report by the Institute of Risk Management of South Africa included a warning that the dam is in dire need of maintenance.A number of options are available to the Zambezi River Authority(ZRA)that might address the situation.Three options in particular are of interest to ZRA:(Option1)Repairing the existing Kariba Dam,(Option2)Rebuilding the existing Kariba Dam,or(Option3)Removing the Kariba Dam and replacing it with a series of ten to twenty smaller dams along the Zambezi River.There are two main requirements for this problem:Requirement1ZRA management requires a brief assessment of the three options listed, with sufficient detail to provide an overview of potential costs and benefits associated with each option.This requirement should not exceed two pages in length,and must be provided in addition to your main report.Requirement2Provide a detailed analysis of Option(3)-removing the Kariba Dam and replacing it with a series of ten to twenty smaller dams along the Zambezi river.This new system of dams should have the same overall water management capabilities as the existing Kariba Dam while providing the same or greater levels of protection and water management options for Lake Kariba that are in place with the existing dam.Your analysis must support a recommendation as to the number and placement of the new dams along the Zambezi River.In your report for Requirement2,you should include a strategy for modulating the water flow through your new multiple dam system that provides a reasonable balance between safety and costs.In addition to addressing known or predicted normal water cycles,your strategy should provide guidance to the ZRA managers that explains and justifies the actions that should be taken to properly handle emergency water flow situations(i.e. flooding and/or prolonged low water conditions).Your strategy should provide specific guidance for extreme water flows ranging from maximum expected discharges to minimum expected discharges.Finally,your recommended strategy should include information addressing any restrictions regarding the locations and lengths of time that different areas of the Zambezi River should be exposed to the most detrimental effects of the extreme conditions.Your MCM submission should consist of three elements:a standard1page MCM Summary Sheet,a1-2page brief assessment report(Requirement1),and your main MCM solution (Requirement2)not to exceed20pages for a maximum submission of23pages.Note: Any appendices or reference pages you include will not count towards the23page limit.A题中文翻译：问题A：管理赞比西河赞比西河上的卡里巴水坝是非洲较大的水坝之一。
2017英语高考真题全国新课标Ⅲ卷汉语同步翻译-物理小金刚系列
ASan Francisco Fire Engine ToursSan Francisco Winery TourRunning: February 1st through April 30thThis delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)Departing from the Cannery: Tell time upon request.Duration(时长)：2 hoursPrice: $90Back to the Fifties TourRunning: August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.Departing form the Cannery 5:00 pm and 7:00 pmDuration:2 hoursPrice:$90Spooky Halloween TourRunning: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district .Authentic fire gear （服装）is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most 旧金山葡萄酒庄观光经营时间:2月1日到4月30日这次很不错的观光之旅会在去往金银岛的路上穿过这个城市，在金银岛我们会在著名的SF葡萄酒庄停留。
2017美赛-校内选拔题
Problem A: Problem: Preventing Road RageHave you ever been traveling down a highway when you see one or both of these signs?In some cases, the road simply loses a lane as it enters a less traveled section. In other cases, the road narrows because of construction or roadwork. When this happens on a fairly busy highway, it may be a recipe for road rage*.Assume we’re on a busy two-lane road reducing to a one-lane road. Once a driver sees a sign indicating the right lane is going to end, he or she has a choice: drive in the right lane or drive in the left lane. Often, many drivers move into the left lane fairly quickly. This causes the left lane to become congested and slow down. Some drivers remain in the right lane and are able to maintain their speed (and pass the vehicles in the left lane which are now moving slower).When a lane closure is approaching, there will be signs indicating the distance of the lane closure as it nears (e.g. 1 mile, 1/2 mile, 500 ft.). As the end of the right lane approaches, some of the right lane drivers merge into the left lane, while others continue heading toward the lane closure. It’s at this point that the probability of road rage rapidly increases. Horns blast and gestures are made. Some cars will pull half way into the right lane in an attempt to prevent any cars from passing only to have another vehicle swerve around them and continue toward the lane closure point. At times, a vehicle will stay in the right lane directly next to, and driving at the same speed as, a chosen vehicle in the left lane in an effort to make the travel toward the lane closure "fair."Some states have done research on this phenomenon, but there is no consensus around best practices. Your team is tasked to provide a fresh analysis of this issue or add value to any existing analysis. Teams should not simply mimic previous research.Part I: Analyze the various driver actions and their implications in lane closure situations ona major highway.Part II: From your analysis in Part I, address and support fair and efficient driver actions:a)In the case of two lanes merging to one, what is the "fairest" way for drivers to behave as they approach a lane closure? What is the most “efficient” way for drivers to behave as they approach a lane closure? Is there a difference between "fair" and "efficient?"b) Use your analysis to address and support what drivers should do if a three-lane highway is reducing to two lanes? How should driver behavior change, if at all, if the three-lane highway is reducing to one lane?c) Discuss and support any differences in fair and efficient driver behavior for lane closures on a secondary road with a 35 mile per hour speed limit versus a highway with a 65 mile per hour speed limit.Part III: Policies and Practicesa) From your analysis in Parts I and II, develop guidelines for inclusion in the Department of Motor Vehicles driver education materials and signage used by the Department of Highway Safety to encourage appropriate driver actions when approaching a lane closure.b) In addition to the contest format, write a one-page cover letter in support of your guidelines and signage to the Director of the Department of Transportation, urging adoption of your recommendations.*Road rage is aggressive or angry behavior by a driver of an automobile or other road vehicle. Such behavior might include rude gestures, verbal insults, deliberately driving in an unsafe or threatening manner, or making threats. Road rage can lead to altercations, assaults, and collisions that result in injuries and even deaths. It can be thought of as an extreme case of aggressive driving. (/wiki/Road_rage)Problem B: Swim, Bike, and RunA triathlon is a multiple-stage athletic endurance competition of three continuous and sequential events, usually long distance swimming , cycling , and running. Triathletes’ overall course completion time includes their time for each event plus their time for transitions between the three events.Race organizers provide each participant a transition area where he/she can pre-position a bike, running shoes, performance gear and other equipment needed to transition from swimming to cycling and from cycling to running. An athlete’s time in the transition area (denoted as T1 for swimming to cycling and T2 for cycling to running) counts toward the total race time. The race begins with the swimming event and participants start the race in a sequence of waves of groups of swimmers at intervals of some number of minutes apart.Your team is working with your town’s Mayor to organize a triathlon to support your local youth organization. You are expecting about 2000 runners and plan to have a traditional open Olympic triathlon, which consists of a 1500m swim, a 40K bike ride and a 10K run. You hope to attract some professional triathletes (best in the nation and world) and some premier triathletes (not quite professionals, but among the fastest amateurs in previous triathlons). As this is an open triathlon, there is no qualification time required for participation, and so, the vast majority of your participants will be open registrants. You have done some research and have found that most races have a variety of divisions based on gender and age, as well as on professional, premier, or open status. Having a variety of divisions also helps to attract participants, as you will provide awards to the top finishers in each division.The Super Tread Race Company has agreed to sponsor your event. If this year’s race goes well, Super Tread will commit to supporting the race again next year. The CEO of Super Tread wants to ensure the race is a world-class event that will attract professional racers and serious amateur athletes each year to further promote the company’s brand and sales. As such, the CEO wants you to minimize congestion on the course. In other words, participants should be able to proceed without hindrance during each phase of the triathlon. For example, a crowd of slower swimmers should not slow down faster swimmers.The Mayor of your town wants the triathlon to be an enjoyable event for the many amateur participants, but also wants to minimize the length of time the local roads in the town are closed for the cycling and running portions of the triathlon. While you expect the time between the start of the first group of swimmers and the completion of the last runners to take a number of hours, you cannot keep the local roads closed for more than 5.5 hours.You have a data set of results from a recent triathlon to assist you in preparing to organize your race (see TriDataSet.xlsx). These data include participants’ gender, age, status (professional, premier or open), race event times, transition times, and total times.Part I.Explore and discuss minimizing course congestion and minimizing road closure time. In order to minimize both course congestion and road closure time; use your data set to determine: 1. the divisions you will use in your race, and2. a schedule of wave start times.Part II. Explore any advantages you may achieve in terms of congestion and road closure time if you adjust the race distances of the swimming, biking, and/or running events of your triathlon.Part III. Write a two-page letter to the Mayor of your city summarizing your analysis. Include your race day event schedule as the second page of your letter. This cover letter will be the first two pages of your report.PROBLEM NOTES:1. TriDataSet.xlsx is based on an Olympic distance triathlon consisting of a 1500m swim, 40K bike ride, and a 10K run.2. Key for Data Set Column HeadingsBIB NO.Registration Number of ParticipantAGE Age in years on race dayGENDER M – male F – femaleCATEGORY Registration CategoryM Pro – male professional F Pro – female professionalM Premier – male premier F Premier – female premierM Open – male open race F Open – female open raceCLY – open Clydesdale – men over 220 lbs.ATH – open Athena – women over 165 lbs.SWIM Swim Time (hh:mm:ss)T1Transition time from swim to bike (hh:mm:ss)BIKE Bike Time (hh:mm:ss)T2Transition time from bike to run (hh:mm:ss)RUN Run Time (hh:mm:ss)FINALTM Total time for all events and transitions (hh:mm:ss)。
2017年大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)B类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2017年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）B类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comperhension 2. Multiple Choice 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comperhension 5. Translation 6. IQ Test 7. Writing 8. Error CorrectionPart I Listening ComperhensionSection A听力原文：M: Who’s in charge of the construction project?W: We’ve taken on a civil engineer on a nine-month temporary contract. He’ll oversee the whole project. In fact we’re having a project meeting at 3 p. m. this afternoon to allocate responsibilities and finalise the time schedule. Why don’t you join us? M: I can’t I’m afraid. I’ve got another meeting scheduled for 2: 30 p. m.1．What’s said about the project?A．The engineer in charge has a temporary contract.B．The time schedule of the project has been set.C．The man will attend the project meeting.D．The project meeting will be held at 2: 30 p. m.正确答案：A解析：录音中女士说聘请了一位工程师负责本次项目，与他签了临时合约，并且下午三点会开会商定项目的时间安排表。
美赛题目2010-2018（含目录）
目录2018 年美赛题目翻译 (3)问题A：多跳HF 无线电传播 (3)问题B：语言传播趋势 (3)问题C ：能源配置与预测 (5)问题D：从汽油驾驶到E （电）驾驶 (6)问题E：气候变化如何影响区域不稳定？ (7)问题F：隐私成本问题 (8)2017 年美赛题目翻译 (10)问题A：管理赞比西河 (10)问题B：收费后合并 (11)问题C：“合作和导航” (12)问题D：在机场安全检查站优化乘客吞吐量 (13)问题E：规划可持续城市的发展 (15)问题F：迁移到火星：2100城市社会的乌托邦劳动力 (17)2016 年美赛题目翻译 (20)Program A 浴缸的水温模型 (20)Program B 解决空间碎片问题 (20)Program C 优质基金挑战 (21)2015 年美赛题目翻译 (21)问题一：根除病毒 (21)问题B：寻找失踪的飞机 (22)2014 年美赛题目翻译 (22)问题A：（交通流、路况）优化 (22)问题B：（体育教练）综合评价 (23)2013 年美赛题目翻译 (23)A ：平底锅受热 (23)B：可利用淡水资源的匮乏 (24)2012 年美赛题目翻译 (25)A 题：一棵树的叶子 (25)B：沿着 Big Long River 野营 (25)2011 年美赛题目翻译 (26)A:单板滑雪场地 (26)B：中继站的协调 (26)2010 年美赛题目翻译 (27)A 题：解释棒球棒上的“最佳击球点” (27)B 题系列犯罪地理效应 (27)2018年美赛题目翻译问题A：多跳HF 无线电传播背景：在高频段（HF,定义为3-10MHz），无线电波可以在地球表面和电离层之间的多次反射以进行长距离的传输（从地球表面上的一个点到地球表面上的另一个远点）。
对于低于最大可用频率（MUF）的频率，来自地面源的HF 无线电波将随着每个连续的跳跃继续前进从电离层反射回地球，在那里它们可能再次反射回到电离层，也可能再次反射回地球，等等。
2017年建模美赛E题带翻译
Problem E: Sustainable Cities Needed!Background:Many communities are implementing smart growth initiatives in an effort to consider long range, sustainable planning goals. “Smart growth is about helping every town and city become a more economically prosperous, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable place to live.”Smart growth focuses on building cities that embrace theE’s of sustainability—Economically prosperous, socially Equitable, and Environmentally Sustainable. This task is more important than ever because the world is rapidly urbanizing. It is projected that by 2050, 66 percent of the world’s population will be urban—this will result in a projected 2.5 billion people being added to the urban population.Consequently, urban planning has become increasingly important andnecessary to ensure that people have access to equitable and sustainable homes, resources and jobs.Smart growth is an urban planning theory that originated in 1990’s as a means to curb continued urban sprawl and reduce the loss of farmland surrounding urban centers. The ten principles for smart growth are1 Mix land uses2 Take advantage of compact building design3 Create a range of housing opportunities and choices4 Create walkable neighborhoods5 Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place6 Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas7 Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities8 Provide a variety of transportation choices9 Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective10 Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions These broad principles must be tailored to a community’s unique needs to be effective. Thus, any measure of success must incorporate the demographics, growth needs, and geographical conditions of a city as well as the goal to adhere to the three E’s.2017 ICMProblem E: Sustainable Cities Needed!Tasks:The International City Management Group (ICM) needs your help implementing smart growth theories into city design around the world. Select two mid-sized cities (any city with a population of between 100,000 and 500,000 persons), on two different continents.1. Define a metric to measure the success of smart growth of a city. It should consider the three E’s of sustainability and/or the 10 principles of smart growth.2. Research the current growth plan of the selected cities. Measure and discusshow the current growth plan of each city meets the smart growth principles. How successful are the current plans according to your metric?3. Using smart growth principles develop a growth plan for both cities over the nextfew decades. Support why you chose the components and initiatives of yourplans based on the geography, expected growth rates, and economicopportunities of your cities. Use your metric to evaluate the success of yoursmart growth plans.4. Also using your metric, rank the individual initiatives within your redesigned smart growth plan as the most potential to the least potential. Compare and contrastthe initiatives and their ranking between the two cities.5. Suppose the population of each city will increase by an additional 50% by 2050,explain in what way(s) your plan supports this level of growth?Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 20 page limit.References:[1] Smart Growth: Improving lives by improving communities.https:///[2] EPA, “This is Smart Growth.” 2016https:///smartgrowth/smart-growth-publication[3] World Urbanization Prospects. United Nations. 2014.https:///unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf[4] EPA, “Smart Growth: A Guide to Developing and Implementing Greenhouse Gas Reductions Programs.” 2011./Documents/SCI/Report_Guide/Guide_EPA_SmartGrowthGHGReduction_2011.pdf[5] Duany, Andres, Jeff Speck and Mike Lydon. The Smart Growth Manual.McGraw-Hill. 2010.问题E：需要可持续城市！背景：许多社区正在实施智能增长计划，以努力考虑远程，可持续规划目标。
2017全国大学生数学建模竞赛---D题解析
这些问题，提供不同的参数，选择你
喜欢的算法。
问题分析 —— 问题1的求解
2.2 问题1的求解
现知道每个班需要5名工人，所 以需要将巡视点划分成5个区域，每 个区域最多包含6个点，最少也要有4 个点，其目的是保证每个区域的工作
点则少安排一些。为了完成这种需求
的安排，需要计算从22号点至其余各
问题3 —— 上班时间
因此，得到如下的排班方法：第
如果第1名工人在第一轮巡视后， 休息5分钟，那么他要在10:20开始第 二轮的巡视，与第一轮巡视的第4名
1名工人在8:00开始巡视（上班或换
班），第2名工人则在8:35开始巡视， 第3名是9:10，第4名是9:45。而每位 工人都走最优的旅行商路线。 注意到，每名巡视工人的间隔时
点的最短路，这项工作可用Dijkstra （戴克斯特拉）算法完成。 当然，也不需要自己编程计算， 直接调用R软件的shortest.paths()
量（巡视时间）尽量平衡。
由于题目要求，每位工人均从22
函数和get.shortest.paths()函数
（见[2]）就可完成此问题，所绘图 形如图3所示。
巡检线路的排班
——2017年D题讲评
主讲人：北京工业大学 薛毅 Email: xueyi@
2017全国数学建模讲评会 云南、昆明 2017年11月25日
巡检线路的排班——2017年D题讲评
• 题目 • 问题分析及问题1的求解
• 问题2的求解 • 问题3的求解 • 阅卷情况简述
工人的巡视时间间隔正好相差35分钟。
第2名工人第二轮巡视的开始时间是 10:55，与第1名工人相差35分钟，以 此类推。 由上述推导可知，4名工人足够满
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问题D：优化机场安全检查站乘客吞吐量
继2001年9月11日美国发生恐怖袭击事件后，全世界的机场安全状况得到显着改善。
机场有安全检查站。
在那里，乘客及其行李被检查爆炸物和其他危险物品。
这些安全措施的目的是防止乘客劫持或摧毁飞机，并在旅行期间保持所有乘客的安全。
然而，航空公司有既得利益，通过最小化他们在安全检查站排队等候并等待他们的航班的时间，来保持乘客积极的飞行体验。
因此，在最大化安全性和最小化对乘客的不便之前存在对立。
在2016年，美国运输安全局（TSA）受到了对极长线路，特别是在芝加哥的奥黑尔国际机场的尖锐批评。
在此公众关注之后，TSA投资对其检查点设备和程序进行了若干修改，并增加了在高度拥堵的机场中的人员配置。
虽然这些修改在减少等待时间方面有一定的成功，但TSA在实施新措施和增加人员配置方面花费了多少成本尚不清楚。
除了在奥黑尔机场的问题，还有在其他机场，包括通常排队等待时间较短的机场，会出现不明原因和不可预测的排队拥挤情况的事件。
检查点排队状况的这种高度变化性对于乘客来说可能是极其不利的，因为他们面临着不必要地早到达或可能赶不上他们的预定航班的风险。
许多新闻文章，包括[1,2,3,4,5]，描述了与机场安全检查站相关的一些问题。
您的内部控制管理（ICM）团队已经与TSA签订合同，审查机场安全检查站和人员配置，以确定潜在的干扰乘客吞吐量的瓶颈。
他们特别感兴趣的解决方案是，既增加检查点吞吐量，减少等待时间的变化，同时保持相同的安全和安全标准。
美国机场安全检查点的当前流程如图1所示。
区域A：
乘客随机到达检查站，并等待队列，直到安全人员可以检查他们的身份证明和登机文件。
区域B：
然后乘客移动到打开检查的队列;根据机场的预期活动水平，可能开放更多或更少的线路。
一旦乘客到达这个队列的前面，他们准备所有的物品用于X射线检查。
乘客必须去除鞋子，皮带，夹克，金属物体，电子产品和带液体容器，将它们放置在单独的X射线箱中;笔记本电脑和一些医疗设备也需要从其袋中取出并放置在单独的容器中。
他们的所有物品，包括包含上述物品的箱子，通过传输带在X射线机中移动，其中一些物品被标记，供安全人员（D区）进行额外的搜索或筛选。
o同时乘客排队通过毫米波扫描仪或金属探测器检查。
o未能通过此步骤的乘客接受安全官员（D区）的轻击检查。
区域C：
乘客然后前进到X射线扫描仪另一侧的传送带，收集他们的物品并离开检查站区域。
图1：TSA安全筛选过程的图示。
大约45％的乘客报名参加一个称为预检查信任旅行者的计划。
这些乘客支付85美元，接受背景调查，并享受五年的独立筛选程序通道。
尽管事实上更多的乘客使用预检查过程通道，但是每三条常规车道通常有一个预检查车道打开。
预检查乘客和他们的行李经过相同的筛选过程，但经过一些修改，以加快筛选速度。
预检查乘客还必须移除扫描用的金属和电子物品以及任何液体，但不需要去除鞋子，浅的皮带;他们也不需要从他们的包里取出他们的电脑。
下面收集了关于乘客如何进行安全检查过程的每个步骤的数据。
您的特定任务是：
a。
开发一个或多个模型，允许您通过安全检查点探索乘客流，并识别瓶颈。
清楚地确定当前流程中存在哪些问题区域。
b。
对当前流程开发两个或多个潜在修改，以提高旅客吞吐量并减少等待时间的变化。
对这些更改方案进行模拟，以演示修改方案如何影响流程。
C。
众所周知，世界上不同的地方都有自己的文化规范，塑造了地方社会互动的规则。
考虑这些文化规范如何影响你的模型。
例如，美国人以尊重和优先考虑别人的个人空间而闻名，并且有以插队为耻的社会风气。
同时，瑞士人以集体效率为重点，中国人以优先个人效率而闻名。
考虑文化差异如何影响乘客的过程通过检查点作为敏感性分析的方式。
您应用于
敏感性分析的文化差异可以基于真实的文化差异，或者您可以模拟与任何特定文化（例如，较慢的旅行者）无关的不同旅行者风格。
安全系统如何适应这些差异以加快乘客吞吐量并减少时间变化？
d。
根据您的模型为安全管理人员提出政策和程序建议信。
这些策略可以是全球适用的，或者可以针对特定文化和/或旅行者类型来定制。
除了开发和实施您的模型来解决这个问题，您的团队还应该验证您的模型，评估优势和弱点，并提出改进建议（未来工作）。
您的ICM提交应包含1页的摘要表，您的解决方案不能超过20页，最多21页。
注意：附录和参考文献不计入20页的限制。
每一列的数据是相互独立的，因为时间数据是通过几组正在经过扫描过程的人收集的。
就如所有优秀的模型一样，做出假设来说明你对数据集的理解并在你的report中声明。