欧洲文化教学的经典之作__欧洲文化简明教程
“欧洲文化入门”课程学习指南
“欧洲文化入门”课程学习指南一、课程基础：欧洲文化入门是全校外语类选修课程，本课程面向全校文理学生开设，是主要以提高学生的文化素养为主的课程。
二、适应对象：大学英语完成三级课程学习的本科学生。
三、教学目的：本课程教学目标为：了解欧洲文化的最基本知识，开阔视野，培养兴趣，促进英语学习。
本课程力图在介绍文化知识的同时，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，从而提高语言能力，以达到充分体现素质教育，全面提高学生的跨文化交际能力，培养学生的综合文化素质，扩展国际视野。
四、内容提要：本课程的主要内容包括：希腊罗马文化、基督教及其《圣经》、中世纪、文艺复兴和宗教改革、十七世纪、启蒙运动、浪漫主义、马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义、现代主义及其它。
由于学时所限，本学期本门课只集中讲述前五个大题的内容。
若学生对本门课感兴趣，想继续学习后五个大题的内容可选修大外应用提高阶段的选修课—欧洲文化入门（下）。
本课程以欧洲文化为语境，培养学生人文知识的底蕴，使学生对西方文化最基本的方面有一定的认识和了解，从而激发语言学习的兴趣、带动英语学习。
五、自主学习授课模式：基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式是为了帮助学生达到大学英语应用提高阶段教学要求所设计的一种新型英语教学模式。
强调个性化教学与自主学习，以及教师可通过课堂进行辅导，传授知识和技能的特点，使学生可在教师的指导下，根据自己的特点、水平、时间，选择合适的学习内容，借助计算机的帮助，迅速提高自己的英语综合实用能力，达到最佳学习效果。
1、教学模式的构成图一、基于计算机和课堂的英语多媒体教学模式2、基于计算机的英语学习过程大学外语应用提高教学阶段各门课程采用“以传统教学模式为主，以网络自主学习模式为辅”的教学模式。
如下图：图二、基于计算机的英语学习过程六、自主学习学习方法：依据建构主义学习理论，在教学中采用自主学习、讨论学习等教学方法，采用学生为主体进行自主学习和训练及教师为主导进行讲授相结合的教学方法。
欧洲文化入门课程简介
《欧洲文化入门》课程简介课程介绍：本课程以欧洲国家文化概况为主要教学内容，以历史为线索，将文学、思想潮流、艺术、建筑等形式作为重要载体，为学生提供一个了解西方国家文化渊源的平台。
通过该课程的学习，学生将增强对欧洲文化历史的了解，对一些文化现象具有敏锐的观察鉴别能力, 并养成良好的阅读习惯。
这将在一定程度上为提高学生在不同文化背景下的有效交际的能力打下基础。
授课对象：对英美文化感兴趣，对欧洲历史较为熟悉且英语基础较好的2008级非英语专业学生授课形式以及预期效果：本课程采取教师讲解与学生自主展示相结合的授课形式，定期进行课程相关内容的测试，使学生积极主动的参与到课堂活动当中，达到有效学习的目的。
通过该课程的学习，学生应该达到以下几个目标：1、对主要西方国家的社会、文化、文学、历史等状况有一个全面而概括的了解。
2、对普遍的个体文化现象以及文化热点作专题的讨论和分析，在此过程中，学生的独立思考、研究、阅读能力以及口头表达能力要有所提升。
3、以英美文化为参照，促使学生更深层次的理解本国文化，树立学生热爱本国文化，包容异质文化，最终宣传本国文化的态度。
4、结合英语口语课程，实际锻炼学生的跨文化交际能力，达到有效交际的目的。
5、扩大单词量，为基础英语的巩固提供有力支持。
教学用书：王佐良主编，《欧洲文化入门》, 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2005。
参考书目：朱永涛编著，1994，《英美文化基础教程》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。
（配学习指导）朱永涛，2002，《英语国家社会与文化入门》（上、下册），北京：高等教育出版社。
罗选民，2003，《英美社会与文化》（上、下），武汉：华中理工大学出版社。
赵毅衡，2007，《有个半岛叫欧洲》，上海：世纪出版集团/上海人民出版社。
工具书：《英美文化辞典》，外教社，胡文仲。
欧洲文化入门Europe culture2 The Bible and Christianity
Then God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light. And God saw the light, that it was good; and God divided the light from the darkness. God called the light Day, and the darkness He called Night. So the evening and the morning were the first day.
Around 3,800 years ago the Hebrews who were the ancestors of the Jews wandered through the deserts as traveling merchants until C.1300 BC when they settled in Canaan (modern day Israel/Palestine).
It is essential for students of any aspect of European culture and influence to have knowledge of the Bible. The Bible is constantly referred to in most western art and in common western sayings. Without knowing the stories of the Bible it is impossible to understand western culture.
Bible: a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament.
《欧洲文化入门》教学大纲
欧洲文化入门【课程代码】【课程中文名称】欧洲文化入门【课程英文名称】Brief Introduction to European Culture【学分】1 学分【总学时】 28 学时【讲授学时】28 学时一、教学目标本课程教学目标为：了解欧洲文化的最基本知识，开阔视野，培养兴趣，促进英语学习。
本课程力图在介绍文化知识的同时，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，从而提高语言能力，以达到充分体现素质教育，全面提高学生的跨文化交际能力，培养学生的综合文化素质，扩展国际视野的目的。
二、课程描述本课程的主要内容包括：希腊罗马文化、基督教及其《圣经》、中世纪、文艺复兴和宗教改革、十七世纪、启蒙运动、浪漫主义、马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义、现代主义及其它。
由于学时所限，本学期本门课只集中讲述前五个大题的内容。
若学生对本门课感兴趣，想继续学习后五个大题的内容可选修大外应用提高阶段的选修课——欧洲文化入门（下）。
本课程以欧洲文化为语境，培养学生人文知识的底蕴，使学生对西方文化最基本的方面有一定的认识和了解，从而激发语言学习的兴趣、带动英语学习的积极性。
三、课程性质及教学对象欧洲文化入门是（大学外语应用提高阶段）的选修课程，本课程面向大学英语三、四年级的学生开设。
四、教材选用选用教材：《欧洲文化入门》（王佐良外语教学与研究出版社）学生使用教材说明： A 需要学生购买教材 B 教师根据教材内容发放活页材料参考教材：《西方文化导论》（叶胜年著上海外语教育出版社）《西方文化概论》（赵林著高等教育出版社）《西方文化史》（姜守明洪霞著科学出版社）《西方文化史续编》（徐新主编北京大学出版社）五、教学内容IntroductionChapter 1 GREEK CULTURE AND ROMAN CULTURESection 1 Greek Culture1. The Historical Context2. Social and Political Structure3. Homer4. Lyric Poetry5. Drama6. History7. Philosophy and ScienceSection 2 Roman Culture1. Romans and Greeks2. Roman History3. Latin Literature4. Architecture, Painting and Sculpture【参考学时】6 学时【参考资料】《欧洲文化入门》P2-35《西方文化导论》叶盛年上海外语教育出版社 P9-37《古希腊和古罗马》Ancient Greece & Rome Richard Easby外语教学与研究出版社《雅典卫城》The Acropolis Jane Shuter 外语教学与研究出版社Chapter 2 THE BIBLE AND CHRISTIANITYSection 1 The Old Testament1. The Pentateuch2. The Historical Books3. The Poetical Books4. The ProphetsSection 2 Rise of Christianity1. The Life of Jesus2. The Spread of ChristianitySection 3 The New Testament1.The Birth of Jesus2.Jesus Is Tempted by the Devil3.The Sermon on the MountSection 4 Translations of the Bible【参考学时】4 学时【参考资料】《欧洲文化入门》P50-84《西方文化导论》叶盛年上海外语教育出版社P82-107Decoding Da Vinci CodeBible StoriesChapter 3 THE MIDDLE AGES【参考资料】《欧洲文化入门》P88-123《西方文化导论》叶盛年上海外语教育出版社P108-132《A History of Western Civilization》邓红风中国海洋大学出版社《The Outline of History》H.G. Wells (1866~1946 ) （张春光译）江西人民出版社《WESTERN CIVILIZATION A BRIEF HISTORY》Jackson J. Spiel V ogel 北京大学出版社Chapter 4 RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION【参考资料】《欧洲文化入门》P125-178《西方文化导论》叶盛年上海外语教育出版社P133-164《到古代去旅行》P87-89《文艺复兴》支顺福上海外语教育出版社2001.10《人类的故事》，143页，侯皓元陕西人民出版社2005.5《“第一周波”：西方自由主义的文化革命》，31页，马林韬社会科学文献出版社2005.2《卓越与迷茫欧洲文化发展进程综述》，华少庠西南交通大学出版社2005.3 Chapter 5 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY【参考资料】《欧洲文化入门》P180-221六、教学方法1.主要教学方法：讲授法，研讨式教学法、案例教学法等。
欧洲文化入门
《欧洲文化概论》是由外语教学研究出版社出版的中国大学英语专业教材。
该书介绍了欧洲不同历史时期和人物的英语典故、名言、成语、地名等，并按时间顺序对欧洲历史作了具体而简明的介绍。
通过这本书，我们可以用英语来教授欧洲思想、科技、政治和社会的重要时期和人物，使学生加深对欧洲历史文化的了解，使英语学习更加顺畅。
更好地掌握英语语言和文化。
相关摘要
《欧洲文化概论》是中国大学英语系根据教学需要编写的教材。
在阅读英语书刊和与英语国家的人交流的过程中，中国大学生经常感到缺乏对欧洲文化的了解会增加许多困难。
从古希腊罗马哲学、文学、历史著作、希伯来圣经、文艺复兴时期的艺术创作，或涉及到不同时期的思想、技术、政治和社会等方面。
如果你对这些东西了解不多，你可能无法通过阅读来理解它们，也就无法进行流畅的对话。
一旦你对这些知识有了更好的理解，你不仅能更好地理解它们，而且还能通过文化更好地学习语言。
课程目的
它是为学习英语的学生设计的。
因此，所提到的地名、人物、书籍、事件等的名称都是按照英语惯例拼写的，比如亚里士多德而不是亚里士多德或亚里士多德。
“欧洲文化导论”
出版单位：外语教学与研究出版社
主编：王作良、朱珏、李品伟、高和坤编辑：司徒爽、王丽丽、李先生、刘新民、朱永涛、徐海欣
资料来源：《欧洲文化导论》。
欧洲文化简明教程_Classic Age Greek Culture and Roman Culture
Chapter OneClassic Age: Greek Culture and Roman CultureI.Greek culture1. The Historical BackgroundWhenever we talk about the ancient Greece, we cannot fail to mention the Trojan War which lasted ten years beginning from 1194 B.C. and ending in 1184 BC. Many stories have been told about this war. But Homer told the story more vividly in his Iliad.In the 5th century B.C. Greece entered a more glorious period when the Greek people drove away the Persian invaders and Athens established democracy in which only the adult male Greek citizens could use their power and rights. Athens developed its economy depending on the slave system. The Olympic Games also originated from ancient Greece, and it revived in 1896.During this period, science, philosophy, literature, art and history writing developed quickly. But when foreign threat was removed, a civil war broke out between Athens and Sparta at the end of the century.In the second half of the 4th century B. C, one of the Greek states called Macedon became more and more powerful under the leadership of Alexander the King who unified the whole Greece as Qinshihuang (the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty) unified the whole China. Macedon enjoyed large territories including parts of Europe, Asia and Africa.But history is always like such that fall comes after rise. No country can avoid such a fate. In 146 B.C. Greece was conquered by the Romans.2. Literature1) Homer (荷马)HomerHomer lived around 700 B.C. It is said that he was a slave and blind. It is considered that he wrote two epics，namely,the Iliad and the Odyssey.The Iliad deals with the war between Troy and the united forces of the states on the mainland of southern Greece.The Odyssey tells the story about the return of Odysseus after the Trojan War to his country Ithaca.2) Lyric PoetryThe famous lyric poet of this time is worth remembering. She is Sappho (萨福).Sappho (ca. 612-580 B.C.), born in Lesbos, is the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece and is famous for her burning love poems because of which the English Romantic poet George Gordon Lord Byron called her “burning Sappho” . Plato called her the tenth Muse.3.DramaGreek drama developed quickly and prosperously in the 5th century B.C. based on its rich tradition. The Greek drama has the following features. First, most early plays were performed at religious festivals. Second, the plays were performed in open-air theaters. Third, actors wore masks. Fourth, there was a big chorus but few actors.In the Greek drama during this period, tragedy is the most noteworthy. The achievements of tragedy are greater than those of comedy. The tragedies mostly wrote about royal families, noble families and great heroes. It gives the impression that the term “tragedy” is applied only to high-born people. In this sense, some tragedies in Chinese drama cannot use this term because some tragedies in Chinese drama talk about the fate of the common people.The Greek drama has something in common with the ancient Chinese drama in which actors wore masks and dramatic faces with diverse colors and designs as symbols of character. In Sichuan drama, the dramatic faces are more mysterious and interesting.A. Aeschylus (埃斯库罗斯, 525-456B.C.)AeschylusB. Sophocles (索福克勒斯, 496-406 B.C.)SophoclesSophocles wrote Oedipus the King (《俄狄浦斯王》)Sophocles made his contribution to the art of drama. He used three actors and decreased the size and the function of the chorus. He made the drama develop in the direction of performing rather than narrating by the chorus.C. Euripides (欧里庇得斯, 484-406 B.C.)EuripidesIn comparison with Aeschylus and Sophocles, Euripides was less influential but more realistic, always concerned with conflicts, on account of which he was referred to as the first playwright of “problem plays”.D. Comedy and Aristophanes （阿里斯托芬, ca. 450-380 B.C.)AristophanesComedy also developed quickly in the 5th century B.C. But it was less brilliant than tragedy.The best comedy playwright is Aristophanes who left 11 plays among which Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds are worth seeing. Aristophanes was bold enough to satirize even some of the famous people of his day, including Socrates and Euripides respectively in his Clouds and Frogs.He was often criticized for his use of coarse language in his plays.1) Herodotus (希罗多德, 484-430 B.C.)HerodotusHerodotus is famous for the writing of wars between the Greeks and the Persians, because he believed that “the great and wonderful deeds done by Greeks and Persians should not lack renown.”The remarkable features of his history writing are his application of anecdotes, digressions and lively dialogue, Herodotus, though not very accurate, as the forerunner of history writing, is thus often called “Father of History”.5. PhilosophyThe Greek people’s curiosity about things a nd the nature of them cultivated their enquiring mind to search, doubt, speculate, imagine and form new ideas. Imagination is not science, but it is the foundation of science and base of philosophy. So the Greeks created their mythologies and formed their ideas about the universe and its operation.1) Pythagoras (毕达哥拉斯, c a. 580-500 B.C.)Pythagoras, founder of scientific mathematics, is one of the early philosophers who boldly thought about the universe. In his eyes, only numbers spoke and all things in the world were numbers. He used numbers to understand the world and the universe2) Socrates (苏格拉底, c a. 470-399 B.C.)SocratesSocrates is often mentioned together with Plato and Aristotle whenever people talk about the ancient Greek philosophy and thinking. Socrates taught Plato. Plato taught Aristotle. They were all great masters in the field of philosophy. In terms of teaching methodology, it is Socrates who invented the teaching method of interrogative and interactive approach in the same manner as Confucius did when he taught his disciples.3) Plato (柏拉图, ca. 428-348 B.C.)PlatoPlato, as the disciple of Socrates, made his greatest contribution to the world inwriting The Dialogues, a collection of Socrates’ life and ideas, like the Analects in which Confucius’ teaching and his dialogues with his dis ciples were recorded.4) Aristotle (亚里士多德, 384-322 B.C.)AristotleTo Athens, Aristotle was a foreigner, who was born in Stagire. He was Plato’s disciple, but he was more versatile in that he taught and wrote about logic, ethics, politics, metaphysics, psychology, physics, zoology, poetry and rhetoric. Most of his ideas on the above-mentioned fields dominated the world culture for over a thousand years. So it is not overstatement to say that Aristotle is the “father of science or knowledge”.5. ScienceBesides many people who were both philosophers and scientists like Pythagoras, Democritus, Plato and Aristotle, two other men were worth mentioning. One was Euclid（欧几里德, 330-275 B. C.）, who was, noted for his Element s (《解析几何》), called the father of geometry. The other was Archimedes（阿基米德, 287-212 B. C.) .6. Art, Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery1) ArtGreek art is the witness of Greek civilization, because it reflected the Greek civilization in many fields including science, literature, philosophy, mythology and whatever the Greek people admired and worshipped. It recorded the progress of the Greek civilization in the form of art.2) ArchitectureIt is always a wonder to see the ancient Greeks to have built so many miraculous buildings at the early times when construction machinery was under-developed. Parthenon (巴特浓神庙) was one of the brilliant examples. It was built in 438 B.C. It was a temple 240 feet long and 110 feet wide, with many spectacular columns evenly spaced.Parthenon in the twilightParthenon at daytimeThere were three styles of Greek architecture, namely, the Doric style （多力克式）, the Ionic style（挨奥尼克式）and the Corinthian style（科林斯式）.The following picture is the Acropolis at Athens（雅典卫城）which was built in the 5th century B. C. for the purpose of praising Athens and holding religious activities.The Acropolis at Athens3) SculptureThe ancient Greek sculptures were all connected with gods or goddesses who were presented as lifeless figures. Sculpture developed quickly in the 5th century B.C. the sculpture began to show beauty and strength of the people or things sculptured. A.Discus Thrower（铁饼运动员; 掷铁饼者）The Discus Thrower was the work of Myron (米隆，date of birth unknown, but active 480-440 B. C.). T he sculpture shows the sculptor’s skill in presenting the thrower’s beauty, strength and balance. As a duplicate of the former bronze statue, this statue made of marble can clearly display even the muscles and ribs of the handsome young man.Discus Thrower4) PotteryPottery, unlike sculptures, was closely connected with daily needs in life at home and abroad.There were mainly Black-figure paintings (700-600 B.C.) and Red-figurepaintings (—50 B.C.).The Black-figure paintings are paintings on pottery with red background and black figure. The red-figure paintings are paintings on pottery with black background and pink figure.7. Influence and ContributionThe influence of Greek culture can be felt in many ways and fields. The ancient Greek culture made its greatest contribution to the world culture, especially in the Renaissance in Europe. The ancient Greeks made their never-dying contribution to the whole world with their invention of mathematics, philosophy, history writing and other things. They made the utmost achievements in all walks of life.The Greeks’ spirit of innovation or invention and their effort to understand the world with daring spirit set a good example for the whole world.In literature, the Greeks heavily influenced the later writers of many countries at all times. Many of the Greek works are studied, quoted and borrowed from by the later writers. The Greek literature has always been one the fountain heads for writers of different countries. To some writers, the Greek literature has been the inspiration for their creation. Many writers modeled on the Greek writers for their masterpieces.II. Roman Culture1. The Historical BackgroundThe Romans also had their long civilization. In about 2000 B.C., different tribes from many places, among them a Latin race, entered the present Italy. In the 8th century B.C., they moved to Rome. Between the end of the 7th century and the end of the 6th century, tribes began to form city states. From the 5th century B.C., Rome became more powerful and conquered many city-states. In 146 B.C., it conquered Corinth, which, together with the whole Greece became a province of Roman Empire. Through wars and diplomatic measures, the Roman Empire became a large empire covering many parts of Africa, Europe and Asia. In 27 B.C., the republic became an empire with Octavius taking power calling himself emperor with the title Augustus.Beginning from the 3rd century, the empire became weaker and was often confronted with threats from invaders such as the Goths and the Huns. In 324, Constantine became the only ruler. He moved the capital to Byzantium which he renamed it as Constantinople. In 395, the empire was divided into the West Empire where people spoke Latin and the East Roman Empire (also called Byzantine Empire) where people spoke Greek. The capital of the East Roman Empire was Constantinople (the ancient Byzantium and modern Istanbul).In the West Empire, economic crises appeared constantly. Foreign invasions came unceasingly. In 410, the Goths took Rome. In 452, the Huns took some part of Italy. In 455, the Vandals took Rome again. In 476, when the Goths took Rome again, they deposed the last emperor of the West Empire. This marked the ending of the West Roman Empire.Around the 7th century, the East Roman Empire entered feudalism after it underwent a series of uprisings, invasions and reforms. In 1453, the East Roman Empire was ended by the Turks.In the forming of the Roman Empire with a territory much larger than that of Greek Empire in times of Alexander the Great, the Romans relied on a strong army commonly called the Roman legions with a very well-organized discipline and battle tactics, quite confident in both their military and management capabilities. It swept over and occupied many places where they built roads and castles. There are still many traces of their roads in Britain even now.In the development of the empire, the Romans also relied on the laws they made which benefited not only the rulers but also the common people. Many of the laws were codified which foreshadowed the modern law in the west. In this field, the Romans made greater contribution to the world civilization than the Greeks.2. Literature1) Roman MythologyThe Roman mythology is a rich legacy the Romans left for the world civilization and the world culture. It is the evidence of the Roman people’s imagination andwisdom which shows the wishes of the people in their stories of different kinds about different gods and common people. But it is said the Roman mythology is an imitation of the Greek mythology.The famous worth remembering is Vergil2) ProseTwo prose writers who were politicians at the same time were more active during this period and they should be specially mentioned here.A.Marcus Tullius Cicero (马库斯·图留斯·西塞罗, 106-43B.C.)Marcus Tullius CiceroB. Gaius Julius Caesar (盖乌斯·尤利乌斯·恺撒, 102/100? - 44 B.C.)Gaius Julius Caesar3) PoetryA. Titus Lucretius Carus （提图斯·卢克莱提乌斯·卡鲁斯，根据英语词译为“卢克莱修”, ca. 99/95-55/51B.C.)Lucretius was the first important Roman poet and materialist philosopher, a contemporary of Virgil.B. Publius Vergilius V. Maro，usually called Virgil (普布留斯·维吉留斯·马罗, 根据英文名字译为“维吉尔”, 70-19 B.C.)VirgilPublius Vergilius V. Maro，usually called Virgil，born in a village in Gaul, received his education, at 17, in Rome and southern Italy where he studied philosophy, rhetoric, mathematics and medicine after which he returned to his hometown about 44 B. C. He wrote poetry and did farm work in the fields.Virgil occupies a very important place in European literature in that he lived in the closing period of classical civilization and in a period when Christianity was about to reign the European thought and life. His position foreshadowed that of Dante who lived at the turn of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in modern times. Dante adored and worshipped Virgil whom he referred to as his teacher in his Divine Comedy.3. Architecture and Sculpture1) ArchitectureA. The Pantheon (罗马万神殿)The PantheonThe Pantheon, a Greek word meaning “all the gods”, was built in 27 or 25 B.C. and was reconstructed in the 2nd century A.D. It is the only well-preserved building built in the period of the Roman Empire. In the heart of the Romans, it is the temple for all the gods or goddesses including Gaea (地神该亚), Uranus (天神乌拉诺斯), Titans(泰坦巨神), Cronus (天神克洛诺斯), Rhea (泰坦女神瑞亚), Prometheus (泰坦巨神普罗米修斯), Epimetheus (泰坦巨神厄庇米修斯), Zeus (天神宙斯), Hera (天后赫拉), Poseidon (海神波塞冬), Hades (冥王哈得斯), Demeter (农神得墨忒耳), Hestia (灶神赫斯提亚), Apollo (太阳神阿波罗), Artemis (月亮女神阿耳忒弥斯), Aphrodite (爱与美之神阿佛洛狄忒), Athene (智能女神雅典娜), Persephone (冥后珀耳塞福涅), Ares (战神阿瑞斯), Hephaestus (火神赫淮斯托斯), Hebe (青春女神赫拍), Hermes (神使赫耳墨斯), Dionysus (酒神狄俄倪索斯), Eros (小爱神厄洛斯) , Pan (牧神潘), Nike (胜利女神尼姬), Heracles (英雄赫拉克勒斯). It is very spacious inside and its interior decoration is much better than the outer appearance. The opening for natural lighting on the roof is 9metersin diameter. There is not any supporting pillar in the spacious temple which is 43 metersin height and width. It is a wonder of architecture.The front of the Pantheonb. The Colosseum (古罗马圆形大竞技场)The ColosseumThe Colosseum (Amphitheatrum Flavium, 弗莱文圆形剧场，亦译：罗马斗兽场、罗马大角斗场、罗马竞技场、罗马圆形竞技场、科洛西姆、哥罗塞姆) is situated south of the Venice Square in the center of Rome. It is 20,000 square meters in area with a big diameter of 188 meters and the small diameter of 156 meters. The circumference is 527 meters and the height of the wall is 57 meters. It can seat nearly 90,000 people. The colosseum is the symbol of Rome. It is also a witness of the ancient Romans’wisdom in that the mechanics of the colosseum was quite like that of a present arena. It had very good systems showing where the animals entered, where the fighters entered, from where the wounded were carried out, son so forth. Anyone who sees itwould marvel at the achievements of the architects. Of course, it is also a witness of the cruelty of the rulers who delighted to see the fights between men and fierce animals.A bird’s eye-view of the ColosseumThe Colosseum at night2) SculptureThe creation of the Romans on art is the sculpture-portrait style in their images of wax which aims to show respect to the dead and the powerful.The System of RoadLaw System。
欧洲文化入门
欧洲文化简介是由外语教学研究出版社出版的中文大学英语教科书。
本书介绍了欧洲不同历史时期和人物的英语典故，著名的谚语，成语和地名，并按时间顺序对欧洲历史进行了具体而简洁的介绍。
通过本书，我们可以用英语教授欧洲思想，科学技术，政治和社会的重要时期和人物，从而使学生加深对欧洲历史和文化的理解，并使英语学习更加顺畅。
更好地掌握英语语言和文化。
相关总结
欧洲文化导论是中国大学英语系根据其教学需要编写的一本教科书。
在阅读英语书籍和杂志以及与来自英语国家的人们进行交流的过程中，中国大学生常常感到缺乏对欧洲文化的了解将增加许多困难。
从古希腊和罗马哲学，文学，历史著作，希伯来圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作开始，或者与不同时期的思想，技术，政治和社会有关。
如果您对这些事情不太了解，则可能无法通过阅读来理解它们，并且无法进行顺畅的对话。
对这些知识有了更好的理解后，您不仅可以更好地理解它们，而且可以通过文化更好地学习语言。
课程目的
它是为学习英语的学生而设计的。
因此，地名，人物，书籍，事件等的名称是根据英语约定拼写的，例如Aristotle而不是Aristotle或Aristotle。
欧洲文化概论
出版单位：外语教学与研究出版社
主编：王作良，朱Ju，李品伟，高和坤主编：司徒双，王丽丽，李先生，刘新民，朱永涛，徐海新
资料来源：欧洲文化介绍。
欧洲文化入门教学设计
欧洲文化入门教学设计介绍欧洲文化是西方文化中最有代表性的一部分，具有丰富多彩、历史悠久的特点。
随着国际化和全球化的发展，了解欧洲文化已经成为现代人的必备知识之一。
因此，针对初学者，设计一份欧洲文化入门教学计划，将深受欢迎。
教学目的通过本教学计划，学生能够理解欧洲文化的基本特点和历史脉络，掌握一些欧洲国家的文化背景和一些词汇，提高自身跨文化沟通的能力和文化素养，为更深入的学习欧洲文化打下基础。
教学内容欧洲文化的基本概念概括介绍欧洲文化的基本定义，包括欧洲文化的种类、特点和历史背景。
欧洲文化的代表性国家介绍介绍欧洲文化的代表性国家，如英国、法国、意大利等，包括国家历史、文化背景、地理和人口情况等方面的简略介绍。
英语单词介绍涉及欧洲文化的英语单词，如“Bistro”，“Gondola”等。
学生可以通过记忆这些单词，扩大自身的英语词汇，增强跨文化交流的语言能力。
欧洲文化的艺术和文学作品介绍介绍欧洲文化的代表性艺术和文学作品，如《战争与和平》、《蒂姆·波特》、《摇滚乐队》等，分析作品的背景、主题和艺术特色。
教学方法授课方式教师采取讲解和互动问答的方式，鼓励学生就教材中涉及的问题开展讨论。
词汇与语音练习针对涉及到的英语单词，需要学生进行词汇和语音练习，加深学生的词汇记忆。
案例分析在介绍各个国家和艺术、文学作品时，需要通过历史和具体案例，引导学生积极思考，理解欧洲文化的核心价值。
教学评估学生需要完成书面作业和课上提问和互动讨论等，通过考核，评估学生对欧洲文化的理解和运用。
参考文献1.《西方文化概论》，冯一平，社会科学文献出版社2.《英语单词词典》，Oxford Dictionary3.《欧洲文化推荐读本》，洛阳市人民出版社以上是针对欧洲文化入门教学设计的一份简要计划，希望能够对初学者提供一些有用的参考和帮助。
欧洲文化入门
《欧洲文化入门》是一本中国大学英语系的教科书，为了教学需要而编写的。
学习英语的中国大学生在阅读英文书刊和同英语国家人士的交往中，往往感到由于缺乏欧洲文化知识而增加了许多困难。
英语中有数不清的典故、名言、成语、人名、地名等等来自古希腊罗马的哲学、文学、历史著作，希伯莱的圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作或者牵涉到各时期思想、科技、政治、社会方面的重要事件和人物。
如果对这些所知无多，读书未必全懂，对谈也难顺利。
而一旦对这些有了较多知识，则不仅了解程度会提高，而且由于通过文化来学习语言，语言也会学得更好
欧洲文化入门百度中文版2009-10-11 15:16《欧洲文化入门》由于其内容庞杂，琐碎，因而是一门学习起来比较困难的课程。
其实大家大可不必担心，只要我们潜下心去，找出里面的规律和线索，这门课并不难攻克。
我们要牢记文化的五分法：一、社会历史(包括政治、经济、宗教、历史) 二、哲学三、文学四、科学
五、艺术(包括绘画、雕塑、建筑和音乐)，以记忆每个时代的各要点为主，理解纵向的变迁为辅，后者主要的作用时帮助我们更好的记住前者。
要研究欧洲发展的历史，我们要仅仅抓住两条线索。
一条是社会文化发展线索，那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。
另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史。
正如，想精通中国文化必先熟知孔夫子和道家文化一样。
下面我们将分章节进行综述。
在每章综述的最后，会有一两道重要的问答题分析。
每章还会附有一些练习题，希望大家
好好做一做。
欧洲文化入门精讲 1
1.Greek Culture &Roman CultureGreek CultureGreek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.This was marked by the successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the century. 公元前五世纪古希腊文化达到了鼎盛时期，其标志就是古希腊人在世纪初成功地击退了波斯人的进攻。
In the second half of the 4th century B.C.,all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander,King of Macedon.在公元前4世纪后半叶，整个希腊在马其顿国王亚历山大大帝的统治之下。
In 146 B.C.,the Romans conquered Greece.公元前146年，罗马征服希腊。
The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labour.雅典的经济以大规模的奴隶劳动为基础。
The Greeks loved sports.Once every 4 years the Greeks had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of sports.Thus began the Olympic Games.Revived in 1896,the Olympic Games have become the world’s formost amateur sports competition. 希腊人热爱运动，每隔4年希腊人都会在奥林匹斯山举行盛大的体育比赛，这就是奥运会的开端。
欧洲文化入门
《欧洲文化概论》是中国大学英语专业的一本教科书，由外语教学与研究出版社出版。
该书介绍了欧洲不同历史时期和人物的英语典故，名言，成语，人名，地名等，并按时间顺序对欧洲历史进行了具体而简洁的介绍。
通过本书，我们可以用英语教授不同时期欧洲思想，科学技术，政治和社会的重要时期和人物，从而使学生能够加深对欧洲历史和文化的了解，从而使英语学习更加顺畅。
并更好地掌握英语语言和文化。
相关总结
《欧洲文化概论》是针对中国大学英语系的一本教科书，是根据教学需要编写的。
在阅读英语书籍和杂志以及与来自英语国家的人们进行交流的过程中，中国大学生常常感到缺乏欧洲文化知识会增加许多困难。
从古希腊和罗马时期的哲学，文学，历史著作，希伯来圣经，文艺复兴时期的艺术创作，或涉及意识形态，技术，不同时期的政治和社会方面。
如果您对这些事情不太了解，则可能无法通过阅读来全部理解它们，并且无法进行顺畅的对话。
一旦您对这些知识有了更多的了解，您不仅会更好地理解它们，而且还将通过文化来更好地学习语言。
课程目的
它是为学习英语的学生而设计的。
因此，提到的地点，人物，书籍，事件等的名称是根据英语约定拼写的，例如Aristotle代替Aristotel或Aristoteles。
《欧洲文化入门》“European Culture:An Introduction
出版社：外语教学与研究出版社Foreign Language Teaching And Rearch Press
主编：王佐良祝珏李品伟高厚堃编著：：司徒双王立礼李宪生刘新民朱永涛徐海昕来源：《欧洲文化入门》。
欧洲文化简明教程第一编共46页
1、纪律是管理关系的形式。——阿法 纳西耶 夫 2、改革如果不讲纪律，就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练，不是通过语言影响 ，而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为， 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
5、教导儿童服从真理、服从集体，养 成儿童 自觉的 纪律性 ，这是 儿童道 德教育 最重要 的部分 。—— 陈鹤琴
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间，才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育； 而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
44、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
Hale Waihona Puke
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第27 卷第6 期潍坊工程职业学院学报Vol．27 No．6 2014 年11 月JOUＲNAL OF WEIFANG ENGINEEＲING VOCATIONAL COLLEGE Nov．2014doi: 10．3969 / j．issn．1009 － 2080． 2014． 06．022欧洲文化教学的经典之作———评李正栓《欧洲文化简明教程》张瑞民，谢捷，郭志斌( 衡水学院，河北衡水053000)摘要:《欧洲文化简明教程》是一本有着深厚学术背景的经典教材，是作者多年教学的积累。
该书内容丰富，层次分明，是一部编者与读者讨论与沟通，具有独特视角的、实用性很强的关于欧洲文化的著作。
从古希腊罗马开始，到当代结束，涉及欧洲文化的各个方面，包括历史、哲学、宗教、文学、艺术、建筑等，处处闪现着欧洲文化过往的灵动之光。
更重要的是，《欧洲文化简明教程》语言简练，易学易懂，设计巧妙，融会贯通，符合学生的发展心理特点和学习心理规律。
关键词:《欧洲文化简明教程》; 欧洲文化; 经典中图分类号: K500 文献标志码: B 文章编号: 1009 －2080( 2014) 06 －0078 －03大学的英语课程不仅是旨在提高语言技能的语言课程，也是旨在拓宽知识、了解世界文化知识和提高人文素养的素质教育课程。
早在2011 年，全国人大常委会副委员长王光英指出: 中华文化和西方文化可以互相吸取，受中华文化熏陶的中国人，能够根据民族和国家的根本利益，主动吸取西方文化的营养，推动民族的强盛和国家的兴旺。
因此，大学课程体系的设计应注重培养学生的文化素质和传授国际文化知识。
“欧洲文化”是一门重要的语言和文化高度融合的知识型课程，也是学习英语文学和其他专业知识的辅助课程，更是培养完人不可或缺的重要组成部分。
通过这门课的学习，学生可以了解欧洲国家的历史、社会、经济、政治、教育、文学、艺术及其文化传统，提高文化素养，增强对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养跨文化交际能力。
在这一背景下，如何规划、设计简明易懂、接近学生认知水平的语言文化课程显得尤为重要，这是对学界具有重要意义的研究课题。
李正栓主编的《欧洲文化简明教程》( 以下简称《简明教程》) 正是这样一部极具学术价值和指导意义的应时之作。
2014 年5 月，商务印书馆出版了李正栓主编的《欧洲文化简明教程》，这是中国外国文化教学界的一件幸事。
作者李正栓早年北京大学博士毕业，在诗歌翻译、诗歌研究等方面造诣颇深，出版过多部学术著作。
《简明教程》是他多年教学研究的成果，融知识性、新颖性和应用型为一体，在国内外也是不多见的。
该部著作依据但不照搬国内外已有研究，结合学生语言接受水平和欣赏水平，科学并客观地讲述欧洲文化历史发展脉络; 从历史发展的角度，阐述欧洲文化上下数千年的发展过程; 站在人类总体文学的高度，把欧洲文学放在它们所处的文化体系中加以考察，肯定其特征与意义。
在此基础上，再通过清晰的脉络，相互比照，总结出基本规律，描绘出总体发展走向。
从全书构架上看，是极具开拓性，集指导性、实用性、综合性和应用性于一身的不可多得的高等学校专业或拓展课教材。
该书在内容编排上很有特色，是一部编者与读者讨论与沟通，实用性很强的学习欧洲文化的教材。
全书共分十章，从古希腊罗马开始，到当代结束，涉及欧洲文化的各个方面，包括历史、哲学、宗教、文学、艺收稿日期: 2014 －09 －27作者简介: 张瑞民( 1962 －) ，男，河北新河人，衡水学院教授; 谢捷( 1970 －) ，女，河北阜城人，衡水学院教授;郭志斌( 1972 －) ，男，河北衡水人，衡水学院教授。
78术、建筑等。
纵观全书，具有以下几方面的突出特点。
一、内容丰富，层次分明该书采用多源头、多方位、多层次的叙述方法， 比较全面地展示欧洲经典文化。
全书共分十章，第一 章介绍了西方文化源头的古希腊、罗马文明，分别介 绍了古希腊罗马灿烂的艺术之花、历史概貌、文学、哲 学、科学、艺术雕塑及其历史贡献和影响。
第二章是 对圣经文化的概述，包括: 旧约，基督教的兴起，新约 《圣经》译本在欧洲文化发展中的重要作用等方面。
罗马帝国黄金时代后，欧洲进入黯淡的中世纪，但是 中世纪的黑暗表象并没有完全掩盖中世纪的文化成 就，中世纪欧洲仍具有巨大的创造力，这便是第三章 的内容和主要观点。
第四章讲述欧洲文艺复兴和宗 教改革，中世纪的欧洲为欧洲文化复兴时期提供了物 质基础、阶级基础和文化基础，本章还介绍了法国、英 国、西班牙、荷兰和德国等其他国家的文艺复兴。
第 五章介绍十七世纪欧洲的科技革命、新的社会体系的 尝试以及巴洛克艺术风格。
资本主义萌芽不但为复 兴运动，同时也为启蒙运动提供了可能。
第六章主要 介绍欧洲启蒙运动、法国大革命、工业革命、洛可可式 艺术、古典音乐等。
第七章成功地从启蒙运动转入浪 漫主义，侧重介绍了欧洲各国浪漫主义文学和浪漫主 义文艺。
第八章主要介绍的是马克思主义和达尔文主义。
第九章分别介绍了欧洲现实主义文学、印象主 义和后印象主义艺术风格。
第十章首先介绍了深受 一战影响的欧洲现代主义文学思潮，包括意象派、意 识流、新小说、荒诞戏剧、愤怒的青年等主潮。
然后介 绍了欧洲现代艺术运动，这场运动中，表现主义、达达 主义、立体派、野兽派和超现实主义对现代设计的影 响最为明显。
二、内容安排和研究视角创新从内容的安排上看，这本书突出了各个时期的 历史状况、欧洲民族文学发展概貌、代表作者作品的 评介。
作者对于各个时期社会历史状况的概述很有 特色，有选择地重点介绍了与当时文学艺术活动密 切相关的文化现象，其中特别突出了民族文化和文 学发展史。
首先以扫描的形式概括出某一时期文学 的整体面貌、主要特质和成就，然后以史纲的形式勾 勒具有代表性的各国民族文学的特质和发展规律，最后对重点作家作品进行评介。
重点关注其中的哲 学思潮、政治变革、宗教运动和自然科学的发展对文学所产生的影响。
还采用网络式的结构，既注意到 了各个阶段文学发 展 的 历 时 性，以纵向叙述为主， 又关照到同一个发展阶段各国文学的思潮和流派、影 响和差异、共性和民族性，作共时性的横断面展示， 这样线和面都照顾到了。
这种编排论述体现了编写 者研究世界文化与文学发展脉络的新视角。
三、语言简明，易学易懂，夹注音标，选配课文 该教材没有照搬国外教材相关内容，用浅显易懂的语言接近学生的认知和欣赏水平，易学易记。
该书 脉络清晰，详略得当。
以历史发展为脉络，在宏观和 微观的论证中，较好地做到了脉络清晰而又细致深入，达到了重点突出、详略得当的效果。
本书的撰写 更是深入浅出，娓娓道来，不拿晦涩的术语吓人，既 充分考虑了通俗易懂，又不缺乏理论深度，是一本难 得的通俗易懂的好教材。
另外，该书还加注音标，选 配译文，使文化学习无障碍，语言学习轻松活泼，趣 味盎然。
四、设计丰富的练习、评价研讨环节，凸显应用性和实用性 该书的主要目的应该是介绍欧洲经典文化，但 并不满足于纯粹的单方面介绍，也没有一味地罗列概念和理论。
与以往的国内西方文化著作相比，本 书增加了练习和评论型思考题，做到了形式多样，举 一反三，主客观相结合，记忆型和批评型相结合和学 练结合。
同时作者对一些问题进行适度分析论述后， 提出了自己的见解，并适当地拓展和创新，这是该 著作的又一大特点。
通过阅读读者可以领会到宗教 与文学、艺术与文学的同源混生、天然亲缘的关系。
宗教对文化的影响是十分巨大的，世界各民族的文 学，同样受到各民族宗教的极大影响。
作为社会现 象的宗教与文学，千百年来无处不在并共同影响着 人类生活的方方面 面，左右着人们的思想和精神。
作为西方文化重要源头之一的基督教，不仅对西方 中世纪文化产生了决定性的影响，而且对近代和现当 代西方文化也产生了不可忽视的巨大影响。
不了解 基督教，就不能正确地认识和评价西方文学和艺术。
文学与宗教之间不仅存 在着积极与消极的相互影79响、联系，而且还存在着互补与对立的共生关系。
五、该教程符合学生的发展心理特点和学习心理规律作为“欧洲文化”的课程教材，该书语言简明流畅，文字与图表的使用科学、严谨、规范，适合学生的阅读水平，有利于激发学生学习兴趣。
更为可贵的是，编者对如何教授和学习该课程做出了全面说明。
李正栓教授有丰富的“欧洲文化”课程教学经历，积累了很多经验，并且非常恰当地将他的经验融入该书。
对于讲授本教程的课时安排和学习本课程的要求，都有详细说明和解释，这正是本书的一大特色。
再者，为了便于读者理解，在讲到欧洲文化时，提及中国文化进行比较，可见编者的细致和用心。
因此，无论是从欧洲文化研究的层面，还是从欧洲文化教育实践的角度，该教程都不失为一部难得的佳作。
综上所述，《欧洲文化简明教程》是一部优秀的欧洲文化教材。
在教学过程中，授课教师应选用适合的教学策略，如学生提前预习，课上师生互动讨论，课后自主练习，采用课内与课外相结合等方式来培养学生的跨文化意识和跨交际文化能力。
建议加强比较意识，重视中国文化与欧洲文化的比较，也可尝试用英语讲述中国文化。
参考文献:［1］李正栓．欧洲文化简明教程［M］．北京: 商务印书馆，2014．［2］徐行言．中西文化比较［M］．北京: 北京大学出版社，2005．A Classic of Teaching European Culture———on A Concise Course Book of European Culture by LI Zheng －shuanZHANG Ｒui －min，XIE Jie，GUO Zhi －bin( Hengshui University，hengshui Hebei 053000)Abstract: A Concise Course Book of European Culture is a classic of teaching European culture，which has a rich academic background． The book is a product of the author＇s years of teaching experiences．The book is rich in content and clear in organization．Being unique and practical，it is a bridge for both the readers and the author to discuss and communicate about European culture．It starts with ancient Greek and Ｒome culture and ends up with contemporary culture，including all aspects，such as history，philosophy，religion，literature，art and architecture，and so on．What is more important is that its language is brief，easy，well －designed and integrated，which is in accordance with the development of students＇ psychology and cognition．Key words: A Concise Course Book of European Culture; European Culture; classic( 责任编辑: 张连军)80。