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北京大学英语2002年博士研究生入学考试试题huazi 发表于2007-1-20 11:00:00推荐北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part One: Structure and Written ExpressionDirection: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably comp lete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the AN SWER SHEET. (20%)1 . The doctor's ___ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insul in and watches her diet.A.agnosticismB. anticipationC. diagnosisD. prognosis2.It is understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe asyllable of m his hearing wi11 remain forever unspoken.A.uncommunicativelyB. acceptab1yC. tacitlyD. taciturnly3. ___ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seekingwish to identify with someone important or famous.A. A complimentB. An adulatoryC. FlatteryD. Praise4.Leaving for work m plenty of time to catch the train will _____ worry about being late.A.rule offB. preventC. avoid D・ obviate5.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.A. vociferouslyB. patrioticallyC. verboselyD. loquaciously6.People suffering from prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken m 1arge public buildings and open fields.A,acrophobia B・ agoraphobiaC. claustrophobiaD. xenophobia7.All normal human beings are at least to a degree 一一they get a feeling of warmth an d kinship from engaging in group activities.A. segregatedB. congregationalC, gregarious D. egregious8.He is __ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.A. an inveterateB. an incorrigibleC. a chronicD. an unconscionable9.We listened dumb-struck, full of, to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex-president of the compare.A. incrcdality B・ ingenuityC. ingenuousnessD. incredibility10.Too much ___ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few peop 1c have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.A. retrospectB. retrospectionC. perspicacityD. perspicuity11 . Hydrocarbons, __ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of su nlight to form complex toxic gases.A. are given offB. give offC. they are given offD. given off12.He could hardly his temper when he saw the state of his office.A. hold inB. hold upC. hold offD. hold out13.The statesman was evidently ____ by the journalist"s questions and glared at him for a f cw seconds.A.put downB. put outC. put acrossD. put away14., it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.A,As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB.Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC.The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD.Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light15.to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?A.Were you usedB. Are you usedC. Did you useD. Do you used16.1 would have gone to the lecture with you 1 was so busy.A. except thatB. provided thatC. but thatD. only that17.The detective watched and saw the suspect a hotel at the comer of the street.A. getting off the taxi and walking intoB. got off the taxi and walked into18.C. get off the taxi and walk intoD. got off the taxi to walk intoThe child is ____ all the evidence for his opinion.A. not encouraged either to be critical or to examineB.encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC.either encouraged to be critical or to examineD.neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine19.To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school child ren _all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.A.would have been expected to have consideredB.were expected to considerC.wi11 be expected to have been consideredD.were expected to have considered20.Whenever work is being done, energy from one form into another.A. convertsB. convertedC. is converted D・ is being convertedPart Two : Reading ComprehensionL Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions For each question four an swers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the bestanswer to each question. Pat your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OnThe Aerospace Bicycle That Fell to Earth(1 ) A radical new bicycle had its first public showing at the National British Cycling C hampionships in Shrewsbury last weekend. Based on the gold medal-winning design from the B arcelona Olympics, it is the first commercial mountain bike made of a single piece of carb on fibre.(2)Bicycles for amateurs have up to now nom made of steel aluminium or magnesium tubes we Ided together into the conventional ，，A-flame，z shape. But last year, the British competitor Chris Boardman set world records while winning titles in the Olympic cycling pursuit even ts on a custom-built , carbon-fibre bicycle with lower weight and wind resistance than stan dard models . Because carbon fibre is both light and extremely strong, it docs not need the A-frame shape, saving further weight. Carbon fibre can also be moulded in a single piece, avoiding the weaknessof welds.(3), The new bike, which will cost between $2000 and $3000 when it reaches the shops next month, has the same advantages as the Olympic model. It weighs about 11 kilograms, a savin g of 1.5 kilograms on metal frames . With no crossbar, it has a lower centre of gravity, ma king it easier to use in race conditions. "When you're doing some aggressive riding, you t hrow the bike about form side to side," explains Eddie Eccleston,, director of British Eag 1c, a British bicycle manufacturer based in Powys, Wales, which is marketing the bikes. he low centre of gravity gives you better control.〃(4)The frames are being made in the US for British Eagle by SP systems in Camari1lo, Cali fornia, which has clients in the aerospace industry. "This is aerospace technology brought into cycling by enthusiasts,says Ecclcston. When professionals tested racing versions o f the bike before the Tour de France, they were quicker than metal versions by up to 3 sec onds per kilometre.(5)The new design has no struts between the saddle and the back wheel; instead, the frame 's flexibility can be "tuned" to individual tastes by changing the mixture of Kevlar fibre and carbon fibre in the back wheel strut , allowing up to 5 centimetres of movement.(6)The carbon-fibre design has a lower centre of gravity and smoother back-wheel suspensi on than conventional bikes.21.The new bicycle exhibited at the National British Cycling Championships was radical because _____A.it was made from the gold medal-winning design of the Barcelona OlympicsB.it was the fast commercial mountain bikeC.its public showing last weekend aroused many people's curiosityD.it was made of one single piece of carbon fibre22.According to the context, "bicycles for amateurs" at the beginning of the second parag raph refers to bicyclesA. that people buy only for riding in their daily lifeB that are bought by amateur cyclists who like cycling as an exerciseC. that are built for customers in generalD.that non-Olympic competitors use23.Which of the following statements is Not true ?A The new commercial bike has no crossbar and its centre of gravity is lower than the Olym pic model.B.When the rider is doing some rough riding, the new bike's low cetnre of gravity gives h im better control.C.The new bike is made by using aerospace technology and is quicker than the conventional bikeby 3 seconds per kilometre.D.The new bike has no metal bar between the saddle and the back wheel, and the amount of carbon fibre used in the back wheel can be changed according to the user's taste.Passage TwoFree Advice Is Just Around the Corner(1)When Daniel Franklin, a political science professor from Atlanta, needed career advanc ement advice, he didn't turn to colleagues, therapists or even his mom.(2)lie went to the Advice Ladies.(3)Three thirty something New York women, advertising freelancers by day, have turned the msclvcs into Saturday afternoon strcct-comcr oracles, they pull up lawn chairs and a tabicon a lower Manhattan street coiner and dish out free advice to passersby. They" ve claimed the comer of West Broadway and Broome Street in Soho as their own for the last several mon ths.(4)Amy Alkon, who, with longtime friends Marlowe Minnick and Carolyn Johnson, becomes a p art-time shrink each weekend. 〃We use creative problem-solving to turn problem into fun, 〃 she says.(5)On a recent steamy afternoon, a 1 ine has formed in front of the Advice Ladies' table. Obviously, New Yorkers need plenty of help. "People feel they have no control in this craz y world. And therapy can take years,z，Minnick says. 〃We solve problems instantly, it's ins tant answer gratification，(6)The three brainstorm before delivering advice on everything from pet discipline, close t-spacc management, even hair care. But no legal advice. 〃By far, most of our questions ar e love-related . Tt's amazing the intimate sexual problems that people wi11 divulge to a t otal stranger," Alkon says.(7)But they won't be strangers much longer. The Advice Ladies are putting together a book deal. And Robert De Niro is crewing a talk show around them, due nationally this fall from his Tribeca Picutres.(8)〃De Niro asked us for advice, but we think he's already perfect,purrs Alkon.(9)And their career advice to Franklin? "He's written a book, so we told him to get a man ager and go on the touring circuit. It's great money and great publicity for the book”(10)"Good advice," says Franklin.24.There wereA.about 30 New York women who offered free advice by dayB.three women freelancers about 30 years old who offered advertising advice on SaturdayC.about 30 women advertising freelancers offered advice every Saturday afternoon in New y orkD.three women about 30 years old, who did advertising as a job, offered free advice every Saturday afternoon25.These advisors_A changed the New York street comers into oraclesed the New York street comers as their advice officeC.sat at a street comer to give people free adviceD.made a street comer their place to predict the future to passersby26.New Yorkers came to the Advice Ladies bccauscA. the ladies' advice was quick and effective to solve problemsB.New Yorkers felt it was difficult to 1ive in this crazy worldC Medical therapy could net solve people* s problemsD. New York was a crazy place and its inhabitants need plenty of help27.In the seventh paragraph we read that the Advice Ladies won' t be strangers for long be causeA.they are dealing with a book together and a TV man is writing a talk show about themB.they are going to sell a book about themselves and also appear on a TV showC.they wi11 buy a book through a deal and appear in a film in the coming fal1 seasonD.they will get to know each other bettor by working on a book and appearing in a TV show togetherPassage ThreeThe American Presidential Gala of 1993(1)Mixing populism and celebrity, Cl inton dances into office with a week-]ong multimillio n-dollar party full of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs.(2)The Party was held m a way never seen since World War 11. Many movie and music stars s howed up, offering their wishes to a new administration. They sang songs 1 ike "You know, B ill's gonna get this Country straight" '93! You and me! U-ni-tee!/Time to partee with Big Bill and Hillarcc."(3)The stars came out in constellation because they recognized in Clinton one of their ow n. Not just that he plays the saxophone, a little. Or that Hillary is a smart, tough 1awye r, 1 ike most Hollywood moguls. What matters is that Cl inton is a beacon of middle-class ch arm, a lover of being loved, a believer in the importance of image, metaphor, style. And h e is an ace manipulator of media, selling his symbols directly to the people on TV, withou t the interference of nosy journalists. It all makes far a wondrous '90s blend of show bizand politic.(4)"This is our lime," Clinton said in his Inaugural Address. " Let us embrace il・〃 Last w eek he had an embrace for everyone, and not just the stars. This huggy-bear President need s to feel the public's approval.(5)At one of the bal1s of the week, Cl inton was 1 ike the college student who drops in the night before the exam to show he's one of the guys, then sneaks back to his dorm to cram.Perhaps there is as much Nixon in him (the ambition, the intellect) as Kennedy (the char m, the recklessness, his position as centrist custodian of 1iberal dreams). He will need t o be the best of both men if he is to close, as he said last week, 〃lhc gap between our wo rds and our deeds.〃(6)During the gala, actor Edward James Olmos quoted Lincoln: 〃We must disenthrall ourselv es, and then we shall save our courntry. z，Clinton, a good student with a good memory, mout hed the words as Olmos spoke them. Cl inton must have real ized that, in a different sense a nd different era, America faces the task of disenthralling itself, of shaking off the Holl ywood stardust and facing facts.(7)Tn 1992 Clinton vended optimism; now he must be careful in saying so. He sold the nati on a miracle product, ALL-NEW HOPE: it gives you cleaner, cheaper government with a fresh minty flavor. But if it doesn't get the stains out, the electorate's high hopes could sourinto despair. Then the man called Hope will become the man called Hype. All the big stars and better angels will leave him out in the spotlight, stranded, unmasked.28.The meaning of "Clinton dances into his office, with a week-long multimillion-dollar p artyfull of stars, saxophone music and presidential hugs" in the first paragraph is:A.Cl inton held a party and danced with film stars and musicians, and hugged his guestsB.Clinton went into his office followed by rich film stars and musicians who wanted to be hugged by the presidentC.Cl inton started his term of president" s work with a week-]ong gala of celebrities and m usic to celebrate the eventD.Clinton spent a great deal of money to give a party of dance and music to please the fi Im stars and important people29.By saying "Bill's gonna get this Country straight”, the party attendants believe lhal_A. Money bills are important in getting things done for the United StatesB・ The president has got to do a wonderful job to save AmericaC.Clinton will change the United States to a free countryD.Cl inton is going to solve the problems of the United Statesa quiet way to do his woB. Clinton was certainly a combination of both Nixon and Kennedy.C. Clinton said at the Party that he was going to close his mouth and work harder.D. When Olmos quoted Lincoln, Clinton repeated the words as Olmos spoke them.30. Which of the following statements is True?A. At one of the balls, Clinton appeared shortly and then left inrk. IL Direction: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English t he exactmeaning of the numbered an d underlined parts . (15%)Medical consumerism —like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly —is designed to b e unsatisfying. (31) The prolongation of life and the search for perfect heal th (beauty, y outh, happiness) arc inherently self-defeating, The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineti es. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy.(32)grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and polit ics turn mean.What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future tamed into one of bestowing meagerincrements of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportio nate energies and resources ―not least medical ones, 1 ike illegal steroids —are now invest cd to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism ―the "abolition" of death--would net be a solution but only an exacerbation. (3 3) To air thesepredicaments is not anti-medical spleen 一a churlish reprisal against medic ine for itsvictories ―but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly withoutresponsibility but withdissolving goals,(34) Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic, From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simpl c to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to m intage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. To day, with mission accomplished, medicine ，s triumphs are dissolving m disorientation, (35) Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. The task facing medic inc in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.(46) begun began Part Three: Cloze TestDirection: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage Put your answers in the ANSWERSHEET. (10%)For (36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy wi11 always evok e a certain __________________ (37): a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences and combined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the retable consequences of war stopped (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, th e Normandy invasion stands as a feat (39) to be repeated.There will never be _____ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have _(41), Ali-out war in the beginnings o f this century would surely spell all-out (42) for the belligerents, and possibly fo r the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup* of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivale nt of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to pu t tens of millions of American lives at (43). And the possible benefits for the alii es would be uncertain at bestEuropean defense experts often ask whether the U. S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for 'Dusseldorf. ” In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth ___________ (44) Amo rican cities to avenge a Europe already (45) to rubble.Part Four: ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 1 0 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part, of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (\) and write the correct word. If you add a word, write the missing word between the word s (in bracket3) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\), Put your , answers in theExamples: eg. 1 (46) The meeting begun 2 hours agoCorrection in the ANSWER SHEET: eg. 2 (47) Scarcely they settled themselves intheir scats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (47) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (48) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (48) not(46) A state university president was arrested today and charged with impersonate a police officer because, the authorities say, he pulled over a speeding driver here last month.(47)Using flashing headlights, Richard L. Judd, 64, the president of Central Connecticut State University, made the driver, Peter Baba 24. of Plainville, pull on Jan, 23. the stat e police said.(48) He then flashed a gold badge and barked at him for speed, they said.(49) Mr. Judd is New Britain* s police conunissioncr from 1981 to 1989 and from 1993 to 199 5. (50) But Detective Harold Gannon of the New Britain police said today that the job invo ived morepolicy as police work, and did not include the authority to charge or chide crim inals. (51) The gold badge was mere a university award. (52) The governor said he would no t ask for a resignation because Mr. Judd had made a "misjudgment" and had written a letter of apologizing.(53) Later, Mr. Judd's lawyer, Paul J. Mcouillan, issued a long apology from his superior, whom he described as 〃th。