专四语法及练习虚拟语气解读
专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
（2）祈使语气 (imperative mood) 祈使语气用来表示请求、命令和劝告等。 eg. Don’t be late. Be quiet! Let’s have a break.
（3）虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood) 虚拟语气是一组特别的动词形式，用来表 示要求、建议、命令、意愿和假设等。 eg. If there were no air, all living things would die. It is vital that she be warned before it is too late.
2. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时句中并未出现条件句，其假设情况是 由上下文含蓄地提供的，这种句子称为含 蓄条件句。
eg. A more careful student wouldn’t have made such glaring mistakes. With his aid you would have succeeded in it. But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. She must have been ill, otherwise she would have come to school.
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间 条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
专四虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。
但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。
如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如：If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
专四语法讲解(虚拟语气)
1.主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 句 与现在事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 与过去事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+have done 与将来事实相反 would/情态动词 过去式+do 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did
had done
真题举例：
1. He would have finished his college education, but he _____ to quit and find a job to support his family. （07, 60） A. had had B. has C. had D. would have [C] 2. _____ you ____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. (05, 63) A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had [C]
真题举例：
1. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65) A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues [C] 2. It is imperative that the government _____ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59) A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract [C]
专四常考语法结构3虚拟语气
If only the committee __ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve D 注意：当if only后的句子表示与现在或将来事实 相反，该用动词过去式来表示虚拟语气，而选 项中又没有时，可以采用这种形式：would + 动词原形。
• I insist that we_______ (go) there by bus. • He susggested that we _________ (leave) early. • The judge ordered that the prisoner________ (be) sentenced to 30 days in jail.
• I wish I were as tall as you. 我 希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
• 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
错综时态的虚拟语气
• 错综时态的虚拟语气即指主句和从句在 表达是与什么时态的事实相反上并不一 致（比如主句要表达与现在事实相反而 从句要表达与过去事实相反），这种情 况要采用“对号入座”的方法来处理， 即主从句结构分别采用与其表达时态对 应的结构。Eg.
专四虚拟语气题目及讲解
1、It’s getting late. I’d rather you
Hale Waihona Puke __now. A、left B、leave C、are leaving D、will leave
Would rather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事， 从句用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意 区分would rather 其它两个惯用句式：would rather do sth. “宁愿做某事”；would rather do…than do…“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”
4.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she __ much better results now. A. Would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. Would get
条件句与过去事实相反，虽然主句的时间副词为 now，但事实上该成绩已经出来，故用could have got. 而不是 would get.
ifonly从意义和语法上都相当于iwish后面的谓语动词用一般过去时表示目前的愿望用过去完成时表示过去的愿望用wouldcoulddohightimewecuttingdownshallstophightime后面的从句谓语动词用一般过去式或should动词原形且should不可省略
虚拟语气
回顾历年真题 虚拟语气讲解
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时 间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气
专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气语法是语言学的一个分支，研究按确定用法来运用的"词类"、"词"的屈折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。
下面是店铺给大家带来专四语法考点解析之虚拟语气，希望能给大家带来帮助。
考点一：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。
1. It was recommended that passengers _not __ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994)A. notB. need notC. could notD. would not2. He left orders that nothing _should be_____touched until the police arrived here.1997A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be3. She asked that she __be____ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993A.would beB.could beC.beD.was4. The teacher demanded _that Tom hand in_____ his essay immediately.1991A. Tom to hand inB. that Tom hands inC. that Tom handed inD. that Tom hand in考点二：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用(should)+动词原形。
2英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气
条件句
• 条件句为非真实条件句时，所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或 实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句都要用虚拟语气。
与将来事实相反也可以用过去时：were, did
虚拟语气的几个句型
• 1、虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中 • A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 • B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中 谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 • C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时， 宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词。 • The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. • ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” • ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” • I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
虚拟语气常用句型
12. 建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。 A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词 有： • ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求 • command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望 • determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张 • move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令 • prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心 • recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 • urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求 • 注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达， 一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 • She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） • She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） • She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
专四语法部分
1与现在事实相反
从句—v.过去式(be在一、三人称后可用was/were，通常用were较多)
2与过去事实相反
从句—v.过去完成式(had done)
3与将来事实相反，即将来不太可能发生
从句--情态v. (might) + v.原形
Eg. He talks as if hewerea scholar. (In fact, he is not a scholar.)
用在wish后的宾语从句中，表示不可实现的愿望。
主句通常为I wish,从句用下列形式：
1与现在事实相反,即目前未能实现的愿望
从句--v.过去式(be→were)
2与过去事实相反，即过去未能实现的愿望
从句--①had done(v.过去完成式)
②情态v.+ have done（动词的完成式）
3将来不太可能实现的愿望
I second Mr. Green’s motion that the meetingbe put offuntil next week.
2上述动词的形容词后的that主语从句也要求相同形式的虚拟语气。
advisable, desirable, preferable, urgent, …
It is advisable that you (should) go to see a doctor.
If Iwereyou, Ishould go and seethe doctor at once.
Icould have mether if Ihad comea few minutes earlier.
If shehadn’t got uplate, shewouldn’t have beenlate for school.
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气、非谓语动词
It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
虚拟语气的几个句型
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if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：
虚拟语气的几个句型
whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管（不论）是……还是……”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等，必须用倒装。例如：
Be he what he may, he should obey the rules.
虚拟语气的几个句型
虚拟语气的几个句型
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虚拟语气的几个句型
would rather +
动词过去式（与现在或将来事实相反） had + 过去分词（与过去事实相反）
do… (than do…) 宁愿…(而不…) sb. +
虚拟语气的几个句型
had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
虚拟语气常用句型
虚拟语气常用句型
NOTE: 当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如： Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to the hospital immediately. He insisted that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。
专四语法第13节-虚拟语气
专四语法第13节-虚拟语气第十三节虚拟语气虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或纯粹的空想等非真实情况。
一if非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.if非真实条件句的基本用法由if引导的非真实条件句表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可以分为以下三类：The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送往医院，他本来就有机会活下来的。
（与过去事实相反）If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。
（与现在事实相反）If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。
（表将来）[专四真题] If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been译文：如果没有虚拟语气，英语学习起来就会更容易了。
分析：本题表示与现在事实相反的假设。
表现与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去时，主句使用should(would)+动词原形，故B为答案。
A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设，与从句所表示的现在事实不吻合；C项will be 不可以用于虚拟语气中；D 是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式。
2.省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were, had或should等词时，可将if省去，把were, had或should等提到主句之前，引起倒装。
英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点
英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词)、as的特殊用法。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业四级虚拟语气语法考点，希望能给大家带来帮助!英语专四语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
虚拟语气讲解和练习(附答案)
虚拟语气讲解和练习（附答案）概念理解一、动词的语气语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
英语中的语气(mood)1.陈述语气Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。
Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！2.祈使语气Come this way, please! 请这边走。
Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
3.虚拟语气If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！知识清单清单一、条件句中的虚拟语气A．真实条件句If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。
If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。
We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。
I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。
TEM4语法—Unit 2 虚拟语气
Unit 2 虚拟语气：1. 在suggest, insist, require等某些表示建议、命令、要求、想法等动词的宾语从句中，从句的谓语必须用虚拟语气结构：“should + 动词原形”这类动词及相应的名词有：suggest (suggestion), propose (proposal), recommend (recommendation), advise (advice), order (order), command (command), direct (direction), demand (demand), request (request), require (requirement0, desire (desire), insist (insistence), decide (decision), agree (agreement), prefer (preference), urge (urge), resolve (resolution)2. 虚拟语气也用在would rather, would sooner, had rather, would just soon 等表示“宁愿”意思的that 从句中。
注意：would rather等结构后还可跟不带to的动词不定式，表示would prefer to （更愿意）。
其基本形式是：would rather + (not) +动词原形eg: Would you rather stay here or go home?3. 在“it is (was) +adj. +that”引出的实际主语从句中，虚拟语气一般表示建议、惊奇等情感。
常见的这类形容词有：important, necessary, essential, advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, imperative, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital等。
专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句和it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。
考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。
考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。
专四语法虚拟语气
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3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道 相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2 题，总计有24题。
年 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 合 份 计 题 2 1 3 3 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 24 数
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看例句，总结虚拟语气结构
B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro. C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights. D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.
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例2：If only the patient______ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.（2007:54） A. had received C.should receive B. received D.were receiving
[C]
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2: _______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party．
A. Had they arrived
B. Would they arrive
C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive
专四-虚拟语气练习及小结
虚拟语气一、条件句中的虚拟语气1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式(be 用were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。
如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
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当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时， if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在 这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话， 我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了
(3)识别事实和假设混合句： Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子前半部分为假设情况，而 “父母病了”是事实) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分为 假设，后半部分是事实)
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念： 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时 间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。 如： Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. (主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反) If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
与将来事实相反
should do / were to do
1.Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand ? (04年) [与过去事实相反]
2.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd people there.（00年）[与过去事实相 反]
(3)下列名词接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句 中动词用虚拟形式： insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如： John Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
(2)下列形容词和分词做表语或补语时，that主语从句 中动词用虚拟形式： advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如： The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away. It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.
专四语法总结及练习
虚拟语气
二 虚拟语气
1.主从句谓语动词的时态 (1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 句 从 句 were (不分人 称)/did had done
would/情态动词 过去式+do would/情态动词 过去式+have done would/情态动词 过去式+do
真题举例：
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
2.It is imperative that the government attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59)