国金名词解中英文版(供参考)
国际经济法名词解释汇总(word文档良心出品)
国际经济法名词解释11．ADR（American Depository Receipts），美国存托凭证，是美国信托银行公开发行的，表明非美国公司业已发行的某种股票，一经发行，即可在美国自由交易。
1 BOT(建设-经营-转让)：是指政府(通过契约)授予私营业(包括外国企业)以一定期限的特许专营权，许可其融资建设和经营特定的公用基础设施，并准许其通过向用户收取费用或出售产品以清偿贷款、回收投资并赚取利润。
特许权期限届满时，该基础设施无偿移交给政府。
7．CFR，全称Cost and Freight（…named port of destination），中文意为“成本加运费（……指定目的港）”，指在装运港货物越过船舷时卖方即完成交货，卖方须支付将货物运至指定目的港所需的运费。
但货物的风险是在装运港船舷转移的。
该术语适合于海运或内河运输。
CFR价与下列CIF价相比，在价格构成中少了保险费，因此，除了保险是由买方办理外，其他的双方义务与下列CIF价基本相同。
应该注意的是，CFR 价装船是卖方而投保又是买方，卖方在装船后应给买方以充分的通知，否则，因此而造成买方漏保引起的货物损失应由卖方承担。
2 CIF：即成本、保险费加运费，是国际贸易术语的一种，是Cost，insuranceandfreight的缩写或简称。
在具体使用时，在它后面要加注目的港。
在CIF，卖方必须支付成本费和将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费，还必须办理货物在运输途中应由买方承担的货物灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。
卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。
但只能要求卖方取得最低的保险险别。
此外，卖方须办理货物出口结关手续。
3 FCA：即货交承运人，是国际贸易术语的一种，是Freecarrier的缩写或简称。
在具体使用时，在它的后面要加注“指定地点”。
卖方办理货物出口结关将货物交至指定地点的由卖方指定的承运人照管。
如果买方未指定准确的地点，则卖方可在规定的地点或地段内选择承运人照管货物的地点。
名词解释名词背诵 国金
1本国货币与外国货币具有法定的兑换比率并保持稳定，汇率围绕法定比率在一定幅度内波动的汇率制度
2一国不再规定本外国货币的兑换比率，货币当局也不再承担维持货币汇率稳定的职责，市场汇率根据外汇市场供求力量而自由波动的汇率制度
3指一国经常发生（本国与外国交往经常发生的）的国际收支项目，他能真实反映出国与国之间的资源转移状况（他反映了一国与他国之间真实资源的转移状况）
4.指在一定时期内，一国（一个经济实体的）居民与非居民所发生的全部经济交易的系统记录和综合
5.指在外汇市场上，买卖双方达成交易后并不立即交割，而是在未来某个约定的日期交易进行交割的外汇市场
6.指政府扩大财政支出（投资扩大）或者减税，会引起（由于）国民收入的增加，在扣除储蓄后（所增加的收入将用于）进行消费或投资。
资金转移（转化）到其他行业（产业收入）后再进行（被用于）消费和投资，进而引起经济循环并进一步扩大（经济活动因而循环扩大并进一步扩展，反之政府支出减少则出现紧缩效果）
7.交易动机：指为了进行正常交易而持有一定货币的行为（指个人和企业需要货币是为了进行正常的交易活动）投资东级：指为了抓住有利时机进行证券交易的行为（而需要事先持有一部分货币的动机）预防投机：指为了预防意外支出而持有一定货币的行为
8.只因增加政府支出而挤占私人投资（对私人投资产生的挤占效应），从而引起因增加政府投资而提高（增加）的国民收入（可能）因私人投资的减少而部分或全部地被抵消
9.央行将本外币资产进行反向操作、调整（央行将持有的本外国资产，加以反向操作、调整）。
国际金融 名词中英文对照
第一章国际收支国际借贷international indebtedness（外汇的）收入receipts支付payment国际收支balance of payment经济实体economy经济交易economic transactions国际投资头寸international investment position顺差surplus逆差deficit国际收支危机balance of payment crisis国际收支平衡表balance of payment statement局部差额partial balance经常项目the current account货物goods收入incomes经常转移current transfers资本和金融帐户the capital and financial account 资本转移capital transfers错误与遗漏帐户errors and omissions account （国际收支）均衡equilibrium（国际收支）不均衡disequilibrium自主性交易autonomous transaction=事前交易ex-ante transaction调节性交易accommodating/compensatory transaction=事后交易ex-post transaction基本差额basic balance净清偿差额net liquidity balance官方储备交易差额official reserve transaction balance综合差额overall balance物价-现金流动机制price-specie-flow mechanism 弹性分析法the elasticities approachJ曲线效应J-curve effect吸收分析法the absorption approach货币分析法the monetary approach周期性不均衡cyclical disequilibrium货币性/价格性不均衡Monetary/price disequilibrium收入性不均衡income disequilibrium持久性不均衡secular disequilibrium结构性不均衡structural disequilibrium外汇平稳基金exchange stabilization fund货币贬值devaluation货币升值revaluation（国际收支）基本不均衡fundamental disequilibrium第二章外汇、汇率、外汇市场外汇foreign exchange可自由兑换货币convertible currency外汇汇率foreign exchange rate基本货币base currency标价货币quoted currency直接/应付标价法direct/giving quotation间接/应收标价法indirect/ receiving quotation国定汇率fixed rate浮动汇率floating rate自由浮动freely floating = clean floating有管理的浮动managed floating=肮脏浮动dirty floating（银行）买入汇率bid/buy rate（银行）卖出汇率selling/offer rate同业买卖汇率interbank rate中间汇率Middle rate现钞汇率bank notes rate基本汇率basic rate套算汇率cross rate电汇汇率telegraph transfers rate，T/T rate信汇汇率mail transfers rate，M/T rate汇票汇率demand draft rate，D/D rate即期汇率spot rate远期汇率forward rate远期差价forward margin升水at premium贴水at discount平价at par开盘汇率opening rate收盘汇率closing rate名义汇率nominal rate实际汇率real rate有效汇率effective rate金本位制gold standard system金汇兑本位gold exchange standard黄金输送点gold points有弹性elastic缺乏弹性inelastic空头short position多头long position批发市场wholesale market零售市场retail market外汇风险foreign exchange risk交易风险transaction exposure转换风险transfers exposure经营风险operating exposure债务净额支付netting双边债务净额支付bilateral netting多边债务净额支付multilateral netting配平matching自然配平batural matching平行配平parallel matching提前与推后收付leading & lagging计价货币currency of invoicing定价pricing资产负债管理asset and liability management货币市场套期保值money market hedge货币市场套期保值borrow-spot-invest贴现Discounting保收factoring即期外汇交易spot exchange transaction外汇头寸exchange position超卖oversold超买overbought抛补cover双档报价two way price远期汇差forward margin=掉期率swap rate择期远期交易optional forward transaction掉期外汇交易foreign exchange swap transaction 即期-远期掉期交易spot-forward swaps即期对即期掉期交易spot-spot swaps隔日掉期交易tomorrow-next swaps远期对远期掉期交易forward-forward swaps套汇交易arbitrage transaction不抛补套利uncovered interest arbitrage外汇期货foreign exchange future=外币期货currency=货币期货交易单位trading unit合约规模contract size最小变动价位minimum price change每日价格波动限制daily price limit交易时间trading hours最后交易日last trading day交割delivery初始保证金initial margin维持保证金maintenance margin变动保证金variation margin期权options 外币期权等参考期货看涨期权call options看跌期权put options场外期权OTP options场内期权exchange traded options现汇期权options on spot exchange期货期权options on foreign currency futures标的货币underlying currency履约价格strike price or exercise price 到期月份/日expiration months/day最后交易日last trading day保证金margin交割方式delivery methods期权价格option price期权费options premium内在价值intrinsic value外在价值extrinsic value履约价值exercise value时间价值time value溢价期权in-the-money-option损价期权out-of-the-money option平价期权at-the-money options第三章外汇制度外汇管制汇率制度exchange rate regime浮动汇率制floating exchange rate system中间汇率制intermediate exchange rate regimes 两极汇率制bipolar exchange rate regimes恶性循环假说vicious circle hypothesis国际储备的交易需求transactions demand for international reserves国际储备的预防性需求precautionary demand for international reserves自由浮动independent floating管理浮动managed floating爬行盯住制crawling peg货币局制度currency board arrangements货币联盟monetary union汇率目标区制exchange rate target zone外汇管制foreign exchange control第四章汇率理论国际借贷说theory of international indebtedness 流动借贷floating indebtedness固定借贷consolidated indebtedness国际收支论theory of balance of payment购买力平价说theory of purchasing power parity 绝对购买力平价absolute purchasing power parity 相对购买力平价relative purchasing power parity 利率平价说theory of interest parity弹性价格货币模型flexible-price monetary model 汇率超调模型sticky-price monetary model资产组合平衡模型portfolio balance model第五章国际储备国际储备international reserve国际清偿力international liquidity储备货币reserve currency储备头寸reserve position in IMF普通提款权general drawing rights离岸金融市场offshore financial market短期信贷市场short-term credit market短期证券市场short-term security market欧洲证券Eurobond利息平衡税interest equalization tax固定利率借款fixed-interest loan亚洲美元市场asian-dollar market石油美元oil-dollar国际银行信贷international banking credit LIBOR London Interbank offered rate优惠利率prime rate贷款利率offered rate存款利率bid rate承担费commitment fee政府信贷government credit出口信贷export credit融资租赁financial leasing货币市场共同基金MMMF可转让支付命令帐户NOWs货币市场存单MMCS超级可转让支付命令帐户super-NOWs货币市场存款账户MMDAS垃圾债券junk bond票据发行便利NIFs，note issuance facilities互换swaps远期利率协议FRAs，forward rate agreement非中介化disintermediation周期性承包便利RUFs，revolving underwriting facilities表外业务off-balance-sheet business衍生金融工具derivative securities交割价格delivery price股票指数期货stock index futures资本流出capital outflows交易成本transaction cost市场失灵market failure价格歧视price discrimination所有权有势ownership advantage内部化优势internalization advantage区位优势location advantageOIL , ownership-internalization-location偿债率debt service ratio特别提款权special drawing rights平价网体系grid parity system货币蓝体系basket parity system欧洲货币基金EMF，European monetary fund第九章国际金融机构国际清算银行BIS，bank for international settlement(IMF)普通贷款normal credit tranches出口波动补偿贷款compensation financial facility中期贷款extended facility缓冲库存贷款buffer stock financial facility石油贷款oil facility补充贷款supplementary financial facility信托基金贷款trust fund扩大贷款enlarged access facility结构调整贷款structural adjustment facility体制转型贷款systematic transformation facility 第十章金融全球化financial globalization金融一体化financial integration资本核心充足率capital adequacy ratio。
国际金融 名词解释全
国际金融名词解释C2balance of payments：The set of accounts recording all flows of value between a nation’s residents and the residents of the rest of the world during a period of time.the current account： Records the values of goods and services sold and purchased abroad, net interest and other factor payments and net unilateral transfers and gifts.the capital account：consists of capital transfer and the buying and selling of nonproductive assets and non-financial assets.the double-entry bookkeeping：Any exchange automatically enters the balance-of-payment accounts twice: as a credit and as a debit of the same value.current account balance：equals the net credits - debits on the flows of goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers. It also equals the ch ange in the nation’s foreign assets minus foreign liabilities, also known as net foreign investment.the overall balance：equals the sum of the current account balance and the private capital account balance.（算式）the international investment position: is a statement of the stocks of a nation’s international assets and foreign liabilities at a point in time, usually the end of a year.the IMF：The IMF was set up with contributions of gold and foreign exchange from member governments. It grants all member countries the right to borrow reserves to finance temporary deficits.SDRs：（Special Drawing Right） is an artificial "basket" currency used by the IMF for internal accounting purposes. The SDR is also used by some countries as a peg for their own currency, and is used as an international reserve asset.C3foreign exchange： holdings of foreign currencies: (1) foreign currencies;(2) payment instruments dominated in foreign currencies, like demand bank deposits; (3) securities in terms of foreign currencies; (4) other claims on nonresidents in terms of foreign currencies.exchange rate：the price of one nation’s money in terms of another nation’s money.spot exchange rate：The spot exchange rate is the price for “immediate” exchange (delivery).forward exchange：the price set now for an exchange (delivery) that will take place sometime in the futureintangible market：banks and traders who work at banks are at the center of the foreign exchange market. These banks and their traders use computers and telephones to conduct foreign exchange trades with theircustomers and also with each other.a vehicle currency：One foreign currency is exchanged for dollars, and these dollars are then exchanged for the other foreign currency. The dollar is often used in this way to accomplish trading between two other currencies, and the dollar is called a vehicle currency.SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications)：which is used to transmit instructions from one member bank to another CHIPS(Clearing House International Payments System)：This system clears dollar transfers among its member banks, which include all large and internationally active banks.floating exchange rate：It is the exchange rate system without intervention by governments or central bankers.the equilibrium exchange rate：(market-clearing rate) means no tendency for change. It is at the intersection point of the supply and demand curves.fixed exchange rate：Official strive to keep the exchange rate virtually fixed ( or pegged ) even if the rate they choose differs from the current equilibrium rate.the depreciation(the appreciation)：Under the floating-rate system a fall in the market price (the exchange rate value) of a currency is called a depreciation of that currency; a rise is an appreciation.the devaluation(the revaluation)：We refer to a discrete official reduction (rising) in the otherwise fixed par value of a currency as a devaluation (revaluation).arbitrage：The process of buying and selling to make a (nearly) riskless pure profit, ensures that rates in different locations are essentially the same, and that rates and cross-rates are related and consistent among themselves.biangular arbitrage：Buy currencies where they are cheap and simultaneously sell them where they are expensive.triangular arbitrage：There is an opportunity to make riskless profit by arbitraging through the three rates.basic rates：Basic rates represent the dollar price of various foreign currenciescross rates：the cross-rates are the rates between foreign currencies. C4exchange rate risk：the possibility of loss or gain of foreign exchange (currencies) assets (or liabilities) held by persons because of changes of exchange rates.international investment with cover：if the rate at which the future sale of foreign currency will occur is locked in now through a forward exchange contract, we have~.international investment without cover：involves investing in a financial asset denominated in a foreign currency without hedging or covering the future proceeds of the investment back into one’s owncurrency.hedging：Hedging a position exposed to rate risk is the act of reducing or eliminating a net asset or net liability position in the foreign currency.hedgers： are persons who have a home currency and seek a balance between their liabilities and assets in foreign currencies.speculating：Speculating is the act of taking a net asset position (“long”) or a net liability position (“short”) in the foreign currency, thereby gambling on its future exchange value.speculators：A speculator is anybody who is willing to take a net position in a foreign currency, whatever his motives or expectations about the future of the exchange rate.the forward premium：F = (f – e)/e If F is positive, the pound is at a forward premium because it gains value between buying current spot pounds and selling current forward pounds.covered interest arbitrage：It is buying a country’s currency spot and selling that country’s currency forward, to make a net profit from the combination of the difference in interest rates between countries and the forward premium on that country’s currency.covered interest parity：The condition Covered Interest Differential (CD) = 0 is referred as covered interest parity.uncovered interest parity：The condition Expected Uncover Interest Differential (EUD) = 0 is called the uncovered interest parity. This parity is also called the “international Fisher effect,”C5PPP： The principle that unit of currency will purchase the same basket of goods anywhere in the worldthe law of one price：A product that is easily and freely traded in a perfectly competitive global market should have the same price everywhere.absolute PPP：Posits that a basket or bundle of tradable products will have the same cost in different countries if the cost is stated in the same currency.relative PPP：Posits that the difference between changes over time in product-price levels in two countries will be offset by the change in the exchange rate over this time.overshooting：Investors can react rationally to news by driving the exchange rate past what they know to be its ultimate long run equilibrium value. The actual exchange rate then moves slowly back to that long-run rate later on. That is, the short run the actual exchange rate overshoots its long-run value and then reverts back toward it.bandwagon effects：Some investors, especially for expectations regarding the near-term future (the next minutes, hours, days, or weeks), may expect that the recent trend in the exchange rate will continue. They extrapolate the recent trend into the future.nominal bilateral exchange rate： The regular market rate between two currencies.nominal effective exchange rate：A weighted average of the market rates across a number of foreign currencies.real bilateral exchange rate：Incorporate both the market exchange rate and the product price levels for two countries.real effective exchange rate：A weighted average of real bilateral exchange rates across a number of foreign countries.C6convertible currency：the currency is fully convertible into foreign currency for all uses, for both trade in goods and services and international financial activities.exchange control：the government places some restrictions on the conversation of the domestic currency into foreign currency or vice versa.a clean float：The float of exchange rate which goes where private supply and demand drive it is called a clean float.a dirty float(a managed float)：The float of exchange rate which is generally floating but with official intervention is called a managed float (if you are an optimist, commendatory) or a dirty float (if you are a pessimist, derogatory).（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
国金名词解释
国金名词解释————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：名词解释国际收支：一国（或地区）的居民在一定时期内，在一定时期内与非居民的经济交易的系统纪录。
国际收支平衡表：一国在一定时期内的国际经济交易，根据交易的特性和经济分析的需要，分类设置科目和账户，根据复式簿记的原理进行系统纪录的报表。
综合差额：也称为总差额，所包括的线上交易最为全面，仅仅将官方储备作为线下交易，是指经常账户与资本金融账户中的资本转移、直接投资、证券投资、其他投资所构成的佘额。
基本差额：是经常账户交易、长期资本流动的结结果，它将短期资历本流动和官司方储备变动作为线下交易，反映了一国国际收支的长期趋势。
官方结算差额：是经常账户交易、长期资本流动和私人短期资历本流动的结果，它将官方短期资本流动和官方储备变动作为线下交易。
外汇：动态外汇指人们为了清偿国际间的债权债务关系，将一种乌纱帽币兑换成另一种货币的行为。
广义的静态外汇泛指可以清偿对外债务的一切以外国货币表示的资产或债权。
狭义的静态外汇是指以外币表示的，可直接用于国际债权债务关系清算的支付手段（空头支票，外国钞标不算）。
汇率：又称汇价或外汇行市，就是两种货币的兑换比率，或者说是一国货币以另一国货币表示的相对价格。
固定汇率制：指政府运用行政或法律手段选择一个基本的参照物，并确定公布和维持本国货币与该单位参照物之间的固定比价的汇率制度。
浮动汇率制：是指汇率水平完全由外汇市场的供求关系关系决定，政府不加任何干预的汇制度。
实际汇率：是名义汇率用两国价格水平调整后的汇率，即外国商品与本国商品的相对价格。
有效汇率：是种加权平均汇率，其权数取决于各国与该国经济往来的密切程度。
哈博格条件：一些西方学者如哈伯格等到将贬值由弹性论所说明的需求替代效应与这一收入效应结合起来，修正了贬值能够改善国际收支的条件。
国际经济法名词解释双语
国际经济法名词解释双语
国际经济法是指规范国际经济关系的法律体系。
下面是一些国际经济法的常见名词以及其解释：
1.自由贸易：指国家在相互协议下放宽或取消贸易壁垒，实现商品和服务的自由流通。
2.关税：指对进口或出口商品课征的税费，可以用于保护国内产业或筹集国家财政收入。
3.贸易协定：国家或地区之间为了促进贸易流通而达成的协议，通常包括关税优惠、市场准入等方面的规定。
4.贸易保护主义：一种国家采取的措施，旨在限制进口、保护本国产业，如征收高关税或采取非关税壁垒。
5.最惠国待遇：指国与国之间互相给予最有利条件的待遇，不得对某一国家或地区施加歧视性措施。
6.国民待遇：指对国内企业和外国企业一视同仁地对待，不得对外国企业采取歧视性措施。
7.金融自由化：指国家为了促进国际金融流动而取消金融市场上的限制，提供更多的金融服务和产品选择。
8.知识产权：指由个人或企业独立创造而获得的知识或创新成果的法律保护，包括专利、商标、版权等。
9.争端解决机制：是指国家之间解决国际经济争端的方式，可以通过谈判、调解、仲裁或诉讼等方式进行解决。
此外，国际经济法还涉及跨国公司、外国投资、禁止垄断和不正当竞争等课题。
国际经济法的主要目标是促进全球经济的稳定和有序发展，保护各国的商业利益，并加强国家之间的经济合作和互信。
国际经济法的发展也受到国际经济体系和国际组织的影响。
国金名词解中英文版(供参考)
国金名词解释1、Balance of payments accounting : 国际收支平衡账户A detailed record of the composition of the current account balance and of the many transactions that finace it .国际收支账户是对经常项目的组成以及相关金融业务的详细记录。
2、Official foreign cxchange intervention : 官方外汇干预The official transactions that central banks buy or sell international reserves in private asset markets to affect macroeconomic conditions in their economies .中央银行在私人外汇市场上买卖国际储备以改变经济的宏观环境的交易。
3、Official international reserves : 官方国际储备They are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune.中央银行持有的外国资产，可以作为国民经济情况不利情况时的缓冲器。
4、Official settlements balance (or balance of payments) : 官方结算余额（国际收支平衡）The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions . 在会计上登记用来抵消官方储备交易余额的部分。
5、Foreign exchange market : 外汇交易市场The market in which international currency trades take place . 国际货币的交易场所。
国金名词解释整理
1.米德冲突：是指在固定汇率制下，一国只有支出变更一种政策工具，无法同时实现内外均衡两个经济目标的情况。
2.一价定律：指在自由贸易条件下，同一种商品在世界各地以同一货币表示的价格是一样的。
3.国际储备：指一国货币当局为弥补国际收支赤字和维持汇率稳定而持有的在国际间可以被普遍接受的那部分资产。
通常包括黄金、外汇储备、特别提款权及会员国在货币基金组织的头寸。
4.货币局制：在法律中明确规定本国货币与某一外国可兑换货币保持固定的交换率，并且对本国货币的发行作特殊限制以保证履行这一法定义务的汇率制度。
5.J型曲线效应：一国货币贬值后，最初会使贸易状况进一步恶化而不是改善，只有经过一段时间后贸易收支状况的恶化才能得到控制并趋好转，最终使贸易收支状况得到改善。
这个过程用曲线描述出来，与大写字母J相似，代指贬值对贸易收支改善的时滞效应。
1．汇率制度：是指一国货币当局对本国货币汇率水平的确定、汇率变动方式等问题所作的一系列安排或规定。
包括：确定货币汇率的原则和依据；维持与调整汇率的办法；管理汇率的法令、体制和政策；确定维持和管理汇率的机构。
（4分）2．经常项目：国际收支平衡表中对实际资源在国际间的流动行为进行记录的帐户，分为商品、劳务、收益和经常转移四个小的帐户。
（4分）3．特里芬难题：在布雷顿森林体系下，美元处于一种两难的境地。
即如果美国出现过多的赤字，将导致美元泛滥，美元的信用受到损害；而如果美国出现顺差，则导致美元缺乏，导致“美元荒”。
主要储备货币的单一性导致这种情况的发生。
（4分）4．金融期权：是指期权的买方和买方在规定的时间内，按照双方约定的价格买卖一定数量的金融资产的权利的合约，在到期时由买方决定是否行驶这一权利。
（4分）5．货币危机：分广义和狭义。
广义的货币危机，也可称为汇率危机，指一国的货币汇率在短期内大幅度的变化；狭义的货币危机是指实行固定汇率制度国家发生大规模资产置换，固定汇率制度崩溃的情况。
国金名词解释
通胀率必须不能超过通胀率最低的3个欧元区国家平均水平的1.5个百分点、长期利率不能超过通胀率最低的三个欧元区国家平均利率的2个百分点、每年财政赤字不能超过GDP的3%、国债余额不能超过GDP的60%以及在加入前两年对欧元汇率保持稳定
4)马歇尔勒纳条件
9)黄金输送点
指汇价波动而引起黄金从一国输出或输入的界限。汇率的界限为铸币平价 运金费用。上下界分别为黄金输出点和黄金输入点。
10整型政策和支出转换性政策追求内外部均衡，将会导致一国内部均衡与外部均衡之间的冲突。
11)J曲线
一国收支处于逆差状态，为改善国际收支，本币发生一次性贬值，由于此时的协议仍按原数量执行，但结算的价格已经发生变化，所以贸易条件恶化。此后，出口供给和进口需求开始向改善贸易收支的方向调整，贸易收支得到改善。以时间为横轴，贸易收支余额为纵轴，贸易收支变化的曲线为J型，因此，贬值对贸易收支改善的时滞效应，被称为J曲线效应。
国金名词解释总结
1)贸易条件（termoftrade）
贸易条件又称交换比价，是指出口商品单位价格指数与进口商品单位价格指数的比例。表示的是一国对外交往中价格变动对实际资源的影响。
2)关税同盟（Customsunion）
指两个或两个以上国家缔结协定，建立统一的关境，在统一关境内缔约国相互间减让或取消关税，对从关境以外的国家或地区的商品进口则实行共同的关税税率和外贸政策。
8)黄金双价制
指在两种黄金市场实行两种不同价格的制度。黄金官价用于各国中央银行用美元向美国兑换黄金，市场金价则由供求关系所决定。在官方的市场上，仍然实行35美元等于1盎司的比较，而在私人黄金市场上，美国不再按35美元等于1盎司的这一价格供应黄金，金价由市场决定。这样，私人市场上的进价就随风上涨，逐渐拉开了与官方金价的距离。黄金双价制实际上意味着黄金-美元为中心的布林顿森林体系的局部崩溃
国金名词解释
RENREN国际金融名词解释国际收支：根据IMF的解释，一国的国际收支（Balance of Payments）是指一国（或地区）的居民在一定时期内（一年、一季度、一月）与非居民之间的经济交易的系统记录。
单方面转移（单方面转移项目）：指单方面、无对等的交易，即在国际间移动后并不产生归还或偿还问题的一些项目。
自主性交易：自主性交易(Autonomous Transaction)又叫事前交易(Ex－Ante Transaction)，这类交易纯粹由于经济上的某种目的而自动进行。
补偿性交易：调节性或补偿性交易(Accommodating / Compensatory Transaction)又叫事后交易(Ex－post Transaction)，这类交易是在国际收支的自主性交易各项发生不平衡时，为了弥补缺口而进行的交易。
“物价——现金（铸币）流动机制”：又称“休漠机制”、“价格—现金流动机制”。
在国际间普遍实行金本位制的条件下，一个国家的国际收支可通过物价的涨落和现金（即黄金）的输出与输入自动恢复平衡的自动调节规律。
（P141）支出变动型政策（支出变更政策）：旨在通过改变社会总需求或总支出来改变进出口贸易、劳务及资本的输出入状况，从而达到调节国际收支的目的。
财政政策、货币政策属于此类型。
支出转换型政策：指不改变社会总需求和总支出方向的政策。
如以经济手段实现转换的产业调整政策、汇率政策、关税政策；以法律手段实现转换的外汇管制、外贸管制等政策。
丁伯根法则(Tinbergen Rule )：实现一个经济目标，至少需要一种有效的政策工具，由此推论，要实现n种独立的政策目标，至少需要n种相互独立的有效政策工具。
J曲线效应：在马歇尔－勒纳条件成立的情况下，贬值对贸易收支改善的时滞效应。
马歇尔－勒纳条件：ηx+ηm>1，是本币贬值能够带来贸易收支或经常账户改善的必要条件。
外汇：由于绝大多数国家都有自己独立的货币制度和货币，一国货币不能在另一国流通，从而国与国之间的债权和债务在清偿时，需要进行本外币的兑换。
经济金融术语汉英对照表(央行权威版)
==============================专业收集精品文档========================================================================================================经济金融术语汉英对照表（央行权威版）A安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license; to grant a license to办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers’ incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currency accounts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest; departmentalism奔小康to strive to prosper; to strive to become well-to-do避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition==============================专业收集精品文档========================================================================================================变相社会集资disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items (operation)薄弱环节weaknesses; loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price; in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans; non-performing loans (assets)C财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary policy)财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition; product mix产品积压stock pile; excessive inventory产销率current period inventory; （即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio 产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy==============================专业收集精品文档========================================================================================================长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate in the stock market承购包销underwrite(securities)成套机电产品complete sets of equipment; complete plant(s)城市信用社urban credit cooperatives (UCCs)城市合作银行urban cooperative banks; municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate projects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources; financing channels初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits （不完全等同于西方的savings deposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。
国金名词解释和简答
冲销政策或者隔离政策：即在外汇储备变化引起货币供应量增加（减少）时，中央银行在公开市场上通过出售（购买）国内债券来相应减少（增加）国内信贷量，从而使外汇储备变动对国内货币供应量的影响完全被抵消，这就使中央银行可以保持货币政策的独立性。
欧洲货币市场：即离岸金融业务市场，是指以银行为中介在一国货币当局管辖之外从事该种货币借贷业务的市场.国际收支：是指一个经济体与其他经济体之间，由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起国际间资金移动，从而发生的一种国际间资金收支行为。
国际货币危机：又称国际收支危机。
一国货币的汇率变动在短期内超过一定幅度就可以称为国际货币危机。
简答题：1.2.第一，国际清偿力是自有国际储备、借入储备及诱导储备资产的总和(参见表1-2)。
其中，自有国际储备是国际清偿力的主体，因此，国内学术界亦把国际储备看成是狭义的国际清偿力。
第二，外汇储备是自有国际储备的主体，因而也是国际清偿力的主体。
第三，可自由兑换资产可作为国际清偿力的一部分，或者说包含在广义国际清偿力的范畴内，但不一定能成为国际储备货币。
只有那些币值相对稳定，在经贸往来及市场干预方面被广泛使用，并在世界经济与货币体系中地位特殊的可兑换货币，才能成为储备货币。
3．二者的区别主要在执行时间的分别上。
（1）美式期权合同在到期日前的任何时候或在到期日都可以执行合同，结算日则是在履约日之后的一天或两天，大多数的美式期权合同允许持有者在交易日到履约日之间随时履约，但也有一些合同规定一段比较短的时间可以履约，如“到期日前两周”。
（2）欧式期权合同要求其持有者只能在到期日履行合同，结算日是履约后的一天或两天。
目前国内的外汇期权交易都是采用的欧式期权合同方式。
通过比较，结论是：欧式期权本少利大，但在获利的时间上不具灵活性；美式期权虽然灵活，但付费十分昂贵。
因此，目前国际上大部分的期权交易都是欧式期权。
(完整word版)经济金融术语中英文对照
经济金融术语中英文对照D (1)E (3)F (3)G (4)J (6)K (9)L (9)M (10)N (11)P (11)Q (12)R (13)W (13)X (14)Y (16)Z (17)D打白条 issue IOU大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制 (all—in—one)mono-bank system呆账(请见“坏账”） bad loans呆账准备金 loan loss reserves(provisions）呆滞贷款 idle loans贷款沉淀 non—performing loans贷款分类 loan classification贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理国库 to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险 moral hazard地区差别 regional disparity第一产业 the primary industry第二产业 the secondary industry第三产业 the service industry；the tertiary industry递延资产 deferrable assets订货不足 insufficient orders定期存款 time deposits定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources东道国（请见“母国”) host country独立核算 independent accounting短期国债 treasury bills对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式 diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation二级市场 secondary marketF发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring)非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges；user’s charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account G改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal)公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state—owned sector；the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit—to—cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint—equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint—equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and people’s livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state—owned commercial banks国有经济（部门) the state-owned(or public）sector国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansionH合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企业 joint—venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings 汇兑在途 funds in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank 汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers过热J基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 economic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate基准利率 benchmark interest rate机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本 opportunity cost激励机制 incentive mechanism积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory挤提存款 run on banks挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources(from designated uses)技改投资 investment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品 technology—intensive product计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status计划经济 planned economy集体经济 the collective sector加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment加工贸易 processing trade加快态势 accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration加权价 weighted average price价格放开 price liberalization价格形成机制 pricing mechanism减亏 to reduce losses简化手续 to cut red tape；to simplify（streamline）procedures交投活跃 brisk trading缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves结构扭曲 structural distortion结构失调 structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱 financial fragility金融动荡 financial turbulence金融风波 financial disturbance金融恐慌 financial panic金融危机 financial crisis金融压抑 financial repression金融衍生物 financial derivatives金融诈骗 financial fraud紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility经济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革 economic reform经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth经济制裁 economic sanction经营自主权 autonomy in management景气回升 recovery in business activity境外投资 overseas investment竞争加剧 intensifying competition局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance迹象 signs of overheatingK开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续)经济增长 sustainable economic growth可变成本 variable cost可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency控制现金投放 control currency issuance扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品 inventory跨国银行业务 cross-border banking跨年度采购 cross—year procurement会计准则 accounting standardL来料加工 processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务 off-shore banking（business）理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动 profit-driven利息回收率 interest collection ratio联行清算 inter—bank settlement连锁企业 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环 virtuous cycle两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution 零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）流动性比例 liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款 working capital loans流通体制 distribution system流通网络 distribution network留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase垄断行业 monopolized industry(sector）乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）leviesM买方市场 buyer's market卖方市场 seller’s market卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo贸易差额 trade balance民间信用 non-institutionalized credit免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years明补 explicit subsidy明亏 explicit loss名牌产品 brand products母国(请见“东道国”) home countryN内部控制 internal control内部审计 internal audit内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong内债 domestic debt扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives(RCCs）P泡沫效应 bubble effect泡沫经济 bubble economy培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth平衡发展 balanced development瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）平稳回升 steady recovery铺底流动资金 initial（start-up）working capital普遍回升 broad—based recovery配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民币资金 lQ企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities企业集团战略 corporate group strategy企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring企业领导班子 enterprise management企业所得税 enterprise（corporate）income tax企业效益 corporate profitability企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market欠税 tax arrears欠息 overdue interest强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration强制措施 enforcement action翘尾因素 carryover effect切一刀 partial application清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans(破产）清算 liquidation倾斜政策 preferential policy区别对待 differential treatment趋势加强 intensifying trend全球化 globalization权益回报率 returns on equity(ROE)缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentumR绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP人均收入 per capita income人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi(exchange rate）认缴资本 subscribed capital软贷款 soft loans软预算约束 soft budget constraint软着陆 soft landingocal currency funding of…W外部审计 external audit外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap外汇占款the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济 export—oriented economy外债 external debt外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证 tax payment documentation违法经营 illegal business委托存款 entrusted deposits稳步增长 steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction物价监测 price monitoringX吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity稀缺经济 scarcity economy洗钱 money laundering系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis下岗工人 laid-off employees下游企业 down—stream enterprises现场稽核 on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）消费税 excise（consumption)tax消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget；to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡 lackluster sales协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects新增贷款incremental credit; loan increment；credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真 distorted signals信托投资公司 trust and investment companies信息不对称 information asymmetry信息反馈 feedback(information）信息共享系统 information sharing system信息披露 information disclosure信用扩张 credir expansion信用评级 credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism；socialist orcaptialist行政措施 administrative measures需求膨胀 demand expansion； excessive demand虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits削减冗员 to shed excess labor force寻租 rent seeking迅速反弹 quick reboundY养老基金 pension fund一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点 banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款（商业贷款) commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资（热钱） hot money有市场的产品 marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款 overdue loans；past-due loans与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出（收入） off—budget (extra—budgetary） expenditure（revenue）预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis； on a monthly basisZ再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve position in international financial institutions在人行存款 deposits at （with) the central bank在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施 revenue—enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value—added tax(VAT）涨幅偏高 higher-than—desirable growth rate；excessive growth账外账 concealed accounts折旧 depreciation整顿 retrenchment；consolidation政策工具 policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合 policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase支付困难 payment difficulty支付能力 payment capacity直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments 间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions职业道德 professional ethics指令性措施 mandatory measures指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy；to formulate and implement monetary policy滞后影响 lagged effect中介机构 intermediaries中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects；key investment project周期谷底 bottom（trough)of business cycle周转速度 velocity主办银行 main bank主权风险 sovereign risk注册资本 registered capital逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation逐步取消 to phase out抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversighton the large state—ownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition)专款专用 use of funds as ear—marked转贷 on-lending转轨经济 transition economy转机 turnaround转折关头 turning point准财政赤字 quasi—fiscal deficit准货币 quasi-money资本不足 under—capitalized资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio资本利润率 return on capital资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility资不抵债 insolvent；insolvency资产负债表 balance sheet资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets资产集中 asset concentration资产贡献率 asset contribution factor资产利润率 return on assets (ROA）资产质量 asset quality资产组合 asset portfolio资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital；financing cost资金到位 fully funded （project）资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds资金利用率 fund utilization rate资金缺口 financing gap资金体外循环 financial disintermediation资金占压 funds tied up自筹投资项目 self-financed projects自有资金 equity fund综合国力 overall national strength(often measured by GDP）综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）；over—haul 总成交额 total contract value总交易量 total amount of transactions总成本 total cost最后贷款人 lender of last resort。
国金名词解释
《国际金融》名词解释1.外国债券：所谓外国债券，是指甲国发行人在乙国市场上发行的以乙国货币为面值货币的债券。
2.欧洲债券：所谓欧洲债券，是指甲国发行人在乙国市场上发行的以第三国货币为面值的债券。
3.存托凭证：是一种以证书形式发行的可转让证券，代表投资者对境外证券所有权的证书，从而为证券跨国界交易和结算提供便利。
4.造壳上市：造壳上市，即本国企业在海外证券交易所所在地或允许的国家与地区，独资或合资重新注册一家中资公司的控股公司，本国企业进而以该控股公司的名义申请上市。
境外借壳上市是指国内企业在境外独资或合资设立一家控股公司，然后以该控股公司的名义申请在境外证券市场上市，并将筹资的资金投入到国内企业，从而实现国内企业通过境外控股公司在境外间接上市筹资的目的。
5.借壳上市：是指一间私人公司透过把资产注入一间市值较低的已上市公司得到该公司一定程度的控股权，利用其上市公司地位，使母公司的资产得以上市。
境外借壳上市可分为两种形式：境外买壳上市和境外造壳上市。
6.福费廷：福费廷业务是一种新型的贸易结算融资工具，通常是指由商业银行（包买商）从出口商那里无追索权地购买经进口商承兑的并由进口商所在地银行担保的远期汇票或本票，从而为出口商提供融资的一种贸易融资方式。
7.保理融资：保理融资是指卖方申请由保理银行购买其与买方因商品赊销产生的应收账款，卖方对买方到期付款承担连带保证责任，在保理银行要求下还应承担回购该应收账款的责任。
（国际保理业务是指以赊销、承兑交单为付款条件，保理商无追索权地买断出口商以单据表示的对进口商的应收账款，并提示信用销售控制、销售分户帐管理、债款回收、坏账担保等综合性金融服务。
）8.融资租赁：融资租赁是跨国界的租赁方式，体现了位于不同国家的出租人与承租人在约定期内将出租财产交承租人有偿使用的租赁关系。
9.项目融资：国际项目融资是在对拟投资项目本身进行有效包装的基础上，依靠该项目自身的投资价值进行国际融资的一种方式，也就是利用项目投产后的收益来偿还国际贷款的本息和以该项目本身的资产作为抵押物的一种融资方式。
复试用==国际金融英语词汇解释和内容概要
复试用==国际金融英语词汇解释和内容概要英文国金词汇和概要内容--金融学天津财经Chapter 1 Key Terms中文Asset: An asset is any one of the forms in which wealth can be held, such as money, stocks, factories, or government debt.Balance of payments accounting: Balance of payments accounting keeps track of both changes in a country’s indebtedness to foreigners and the fortunes of its export- and import-competing industries.Capital account: Certain activities resulting in transfers of wealth between countries are recorded in the capital account.Capital inflow: A transaction enters the financial account with a positive sign because the loan is itself a payment to a country.Capital outflow: A transaction involving the purchase of an asset from foreigners is called capital outflow.Central bank: An economy’s central bank is the institution responsible for managing the supply of money.Consumption: The portion of GNP purchased by the private sector to fulfill wants is called consumption.Current account balance: The difference between exports of goods and imports of goods and services is known as the current account balance.Financial account:The financial account of the balance of payments records all international purchases or sales of financial assets.Financial inflow: A transaction enters the financial account with a positive sign because the loan is itself a payment to a country.Financial outflow: A transaction involving the purchase of anasset from foreigners is called financial outflow.Government budget deficit: Government budget deficit is defined as government expenditures minus government taxes (G-T).Government purchases: Any goods and services purchased by federal, state, or local governments are classified as government purchases.Gross domestic product (GDP): GDP is supposed to measure the volume of production within a country’s borders.Gross national product (GNP): GNP is the value of all final goods and services produced by its factor of production and sold on the market in a given time period. Investment: The part of output used by private firms to produce future output is called investment.Macroeconomics: The branch of economics that studies how economies’ overall levels of employment, production, and grow th are determined.Microeconomics: The branch of economics that studies the problem of making the best use of the world’s scarce productive resources at single point in time from the perspective of individual firms and consumers.National income: The income earned in that period by its factors of production. National income accounting: National income accounting records all the expenditures that contribute to a country’s income and output.National saving: The portion of output is not devoted to household consumption, or government purchases.Official foreign exchange intervention: Central bank’s transactions of buying or selling international reserves in private asset markets to affect macroeconomic conditions in theireconomies.Official international reserves: Official international reserves are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune.Official settlements balance (or balance of payments): The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions is called the Official settlements balance. Private saving: Private saving is defined as the part of disposable income that is saved rather than consumed.CH APTER 11.International macroeconomics is concerned with the full employment of scarceeconomic resources and price level stability throughout the world economy.Because they reflect national expenditure patterns and their internationalrepercussions, the national income accounts and the balance of payments accounts are essential tools for studying the macroeconomics of open, interdependent economics.2. A country’s gross national products(GNP) is equal to the income received by itsfactors of products. The national income accounts divide national income according to the types of spending that generate it: consumption, investment, government purchases, and the current account balance .Gross domestic product (GDP), equal to GNP less net receipt of factor income from abroad, measures the output produced within a country’s territorial borders.3.In an economy closed to international trade, GNP must be consumed, invested, orpurchased by the government. By using current output to build plant, equipment, and inventories, investment transforms present output into future output. For a closed economy, investment is the only way to save in the aggregate, so the sum of the saving carried out by the private and public sectors, national saving must equal investment.4.In an open economy, GNP equals the sum of consumption, investment,government purchases, and net exports of goods and services. Trade does not have to be balanced if the economy can borrow from and lend to the rest of the world. The difference between the economy’s exports and imports, the current account balance, equals the difference between the economy’s output and its t otal use of goods and services.5.The current account also equals the country’s net lending to foreigners. Unlike aclosed economy, an open economy can save by domestic and foreign investment.National saving therefore equals domestic investment plus the cur rent account balance.6.Balance of payments accounts provide a detailed picture of the composition andfinancing of the current account. All transactions between a country and the rest of the world are recorded in its balance of payments accounts. The accounts are based on the convention that any transaction resulting in a payment to foreigners is entered with a minus sign while any transaction resulting in a receipt from foreigners is entered with a plus sign.7.Transactions involves goods and services appear in the current account of thebalance of payments, while international sales or purchases of assets appear in the financial account. The capital account records assets transfers and tends to be small for the United States. Any current account deficit must be matched by an equal surplus in the other two accounts of the balance of payments, and any current account surplus by a deficit somewhere else. This feature of the accounts reflects the fact that discrepancies between export earnings and import expenditures must be matched by a promise to repay the difference, usually with interest, in the future.8.International asset transactions carried out by central banks are included in thefinancial account. Any central bank transaction in private markets for foreign currency assets is called official foreign exchange intervention. One reason intervention is important is that central banks use it as a way of altering the amount of money in circulation. A country has a deficit in its balance of payments when it is running down its official international reserves or borrowing from foreign central banks; it has a surplus in the opposite case.Chapter 2 Key Terms中文Appreciation: A rise in one currency’s pric e in terms of another currency---for example, from $1.50 per pound to $1.75 per pound---is a appreciation of the pound against the dollar.Arbitrage: Arbitrage is the process of buying a currency cheap and selling it dear. Depreciation:Depreciation is a f all in one currency’s price in terms of another currency.Exchange rate: The price of one currency in terms of another is called an exchange rate.Foreign exchange market: The market in which internationalcurrency trades take place is called foreign exchange market.Forward exchange rate: Foreign exchange deals sometimes specify a value date farther away than two days—30days, 90days, 180days, or even several years. Theexchange rates quoted in such transactions are called forward exchange rates. Interbank trading: Foreign currency trading among banks—called interbank trading. Interest parity condition: The condition that the expected returns on deposits of anytw o currencies are equal when measured in the same currency is called the interest parity condition.Interest rate:The rate of return on a deposit of a particular currency is the currency’s interest rate。
国际金融 名词解释(英语)
国际金融名词解释(英语)------------------------------------------作者xxxx------------------------------------------日期xxxx1.balance of payments(国际收支平衡表):the set of accounts recording all flows of value between a nation's residents and the residents of the rest of the world during a period of time.2.credit item:(贷方项目) is an item for which the country must be paid.3.debit item（借方项目）is an item for which the country must pay.4.If we add up all the items for exports and imports of goods and services,we get the goods and services balance.5.the net value of flows of goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers is the current account balance.6.The net value of flows of financial assets and similar claims(including official international reserve asset flows ) is the private financial account balance.7.Official international reserve assets are money–like assets that are held by governments and that are recognized by governments as fully acceptable for payments between them.8.the country's current account balance must equal net foreign investment.9.The overall balance should indicate whether a country's balance of payments has achieved an overall pattern that is sustainable over time.10.The official settlements balance measures the sum of the current account balance plus the (nonofficial) financial account balance.plementing the balance of payments accounts(which record flows of transactions) is a balance sheet called the international investment position,a statement of stocks of a nation's international assets and foreign liabilities at a point in time ,usually the end of a year.12.foreign exchange :the act of trading different nations' moneys.13.exchange rate:the price of one nation’s money in terms of another nation’s money.14.spot exchange rate:the price for "immediate"exchange.15.forward exchange rate:the price set now for an exchange that will take place something in future.16.Arbitrage:the process of buying and selling to make a (nearly) riskless pure profit ensures that rates in different locations are essentially the same ,and that rates,and cross-rates are relates and consistent among themselves.17.triangular arbitrage:an opportunity to make a riskless profit by arbitraging through the three rate—a process called triangular arbitrage .18.exchange-rate risk:if the value of the person’s income,wealth,or net worth changes when exchange rates change unpredictably in the future.19.Hedging:a position exposed to rate risk,here exchange-rating riskthe act of reducing a eliminating a net asset or a net liability position in the foreign currency20.speculating:act of taking a net asset position(long)or a net liability position(short)in some asset is a foreign c urrency.21.forward foreign exchange contract:an agreement to exchange one currency for another on some date in the f uture at a price set22.covered international investmen t:her pound liability in the forward contract matches her pound asset position,so she has hedged her exposure to exchange-rate risk.23.uncovered international investment:she does not know for sure what this future spot exchange rate will be,so her investment is exposed to exchange-rate risk24.covered interest differential(CD):CD=(1+iuk)*f/e－(1+ius) CD=F+(iuk－ius) F=(f－e)/e CD>0 国内投资CD＜0国外投资25.covered interest parity:the opportunities to make arbitrage profits would be self-eliminating because rates would adjust so that the covered interest differential were driven to zero.1.A currency is at a forward premium(discount)by as much as its interest rate is lower (higher)than the interest rate in the other country 2.The overall covered return on a foreign-currency investment equals the return on a comparable domestic-currency investmentexpected uncovered interest differential(EUD):EUD=(1+iuk)*e∧ex/e－(1+ius)26.uncovered interest parity:1.A currency is expected to appreciate(depreciate)by as much as its interest rate is lower(higher)than the interest rate in the other country (for instance,expected appreciation of the pound=ius－iuk)2.The expected overall uncovered return on the foreign-currency investment equals the return on the domestic-currency investment(expected appreciation+iuk=ius)27.The asset market approach to exchange rates emphasizes the role of portfolio repositioning by international financial investors. As demand for and supply of financial assets denominated in different currencies shift around, these shifts place pressure on the exchange rates among the currencies.28.The exchange-rate value of a foreign currency (e) is raised in the short run by the following changes: A rise inthe foreign interest rate relative to our interest rate(; A rise in the expected future spot exchange rate().29.The concept of purchasing power parity (PPP) contains our core understanding of the relationship between product prices and exchange rates in the long run.30.The monetary approach to exchange rates emphasizes the importance of money supplies and demands as key to understanding the determinants of exchange rates.31.The law of one price posits that a product that is easily and freely trade in a perfectly competitive global market should have the same price everywhere, once the prices at different places are expressed in the same currency.( heavily traded commodities)32.The absolute purchasing power parity posits that a basket or bundle of tradable products will have the same cost in different countries if the cost is stated in the same currency.33.Relative purchasing power parity posits that the difference between changes over time in product-price levels in two countries will be offset by the change in the exchange rate over this time.34.The quantity theory equation says that in any country the money supply is equated with the demand for money, which is directly proportional to the money value of gross domestic product.35.Overshooting: in the short run the actual exchange rate overshoots its long-run value and then reverts back toward it.36.Exchange control: the government place some restrictions on use of the foreign exchange market.37.Capital control: place limits or require approvals for payments related to some(or all) international financial activities.38.Clean float: if government policy lets the market determine the exchange rate, the rate is free to go wherever the market equilibrium is at that time.39.Official intervention: t he government often tries to have a direct impact on the rate.40.An exchange rate that is generally floating but with the government willing to intervene to attempt to influence the market rate: managed float (an optimist) or dirty float (a pessimist).41.Special drawing right (SDR):a basket of the five major currencies in the world.42.Pegged exchange rate: in recognition the government has some ability to move the peg value.43.Adjustable peg: in the face of a substantial or “fundamental” disequilibrium in the country’s international position, the government may change the pegged-rate value.44.Crawling peg:the peg value is changed often according to a set of indicators or according to the judgment of the government monetary authority.45.The gold standard was a type of fixed exchange-rate system, in which each currency was tied to gold. In this period, Britain was central to the system.46.The Bretton Woods system was a type of adjustable pegged exchange-rate system. In this period, U.S. was central to the system.47.The current exchange-rate system is usually called a type of nonsystem e xchange-rate system.。
国际金融专有名词翻译解释-金融学专业复习笔记
国际金融专有名词翻译解释-金融学专业复习笔记国际金融专有名词翻译解释-金融学专业复习笔记1、international trade：国际贸易国际贸易是以一国的产品和劳务交换另一国的产品和劳务。
通常情况下，国与国之间并不直接用产品和劳务相交换，而是以销售产品所得的收入来购买另一国的产品和劳务。
2、trade terms：贸易术语贸易术语又称为价格术语、交货术语，它是国际销售合同的重要组成部分，用简洁语言告诉各个参与方该做重要事项：如交货条件、价格条件、交货义务等。
最常见的贸易术语是国际商会ICC “Incoterms2000” ，它包括13种贸易术语。
3、open account：赊销这是一种在买方没有支付货款之前卖方先交货的支付安排。
赊销一般允许买方在规定的未来某一天付款而不需要发行任何议付工具来表明其法定许诺。
卖方必须对买方在约定日期付款有绝对自信。
这种支付方式对买方风险最小，对卖方风险最大。
4、advance payment：预付买方在卖方装运货物或提供服务之前把资金置于卖方处置之下。
这种支付方式对买方成本和风险较高，往往用于资本密集型制造产品或专业化服务。
这种情况下双方往往同意预先支付一部分资金或者分批付款。
5、correspondent bank relationship代理行关系代理行是指一个银行与其他银行之间的直接联系或友好的服务关系。
通过代理安排，银行可以事先和国外银行签订协议，分别在所在国家以代理人身份帮助对方行使相关职能。
6、Crossed checks 划线支票支票的划线实际上是出票人或持票人提示付款银行只能将资金存入银行帐户的指示。
因此，划线支票不能在付款银行取现，必须由代收行向付款行提示付款。
7、bill of exchange汇票,它是一人开给另一人的无条件书面命令，由发出命令的人签名，要求接受命令的人立即火灾可以确定的将来时间把一定金额的货币支付给一个特定的人，或他的指定人，或持票人。
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国金名词解释1、Balance of payments accounting : 国际收支平衡账户A detailed record of the composition of the current account balance and of the many transactions that finace it .国际收支账户是对经常项目的组成以及相关金融业务的详细记录。
2、Official foreign cxchange intervention : 官方外汇干预The official transactions that central banks buy or sell international reserves in private asset markets to affect macroeconomic conditions in their economies .中央银行在私人外汇市场上买卖国际储备以改变经济的宏观环境的交易。
3、Official international reserves : 官方国际储备They are foreign assets held by central banks as a cushion against national economic misfortune.中央银行持有的外国资产，可以作为国民经济情况不利情况时的缓冲器。
4、Official settlements balance (or balance of payments) : 官方结算余额（国际收支平衡）The bookkeeping offset to the balance of official reserve transactions . 在会计上登记用来抵消官方储备交易余额的部分。
5、Foreign exchange market : 外汇交易市场The market in which international currency trades take place . 国际货币的交易场所。
6、Forward exchange rate : 远期汇率The exchange rates quoted in foreign exchange which deals sometimes specify a future taransation date , are called forward exchange rates .在指定未来一个时间上交割的外汇交易中所报的汇价，称为远期汇率。
7、Spot exchange rate : 即期汇率The exchange rates governing trading of bank deposits and execute the deal immediately ,are called spot exchange rate .在立即交换银行存款交易中的汇率，叫做即期汇率。
8、Interest parity condition : 利率平价条件The condition that the expected returns on deposits of any two currencies are equal when measured in the same currency is called the interest parity condition .用相同货币衡量的任意两种货币存款的预期收益率相等的条件，被称为利率平价条件。
9、Vehicle currency :A vehicle currency is one that is widely used to denominate international contracts made by parties who do not reside in the country that issues the Vehicle currency.载体货币：载体货币是一种在发行该种货币以外国家的国际交易中被广泛使用作为度量标准的货币。
10、Futures and options 期货和期权Futures involve a financial contract that requires the buyer to purchase an asset (or the seller to sell an asset)at a specific price on a predetermined date in the future.期货涉及到需要购买的资产在一个特定的价格在规定日期在未来（或卖方出售资产）的买方金融合同。
11、Options : the right to buy foreign currency to make the payment at a known price .期权：购买外汇的权利，使支付在一个已知的价格。
12、Deflation : 通货紧缩An economy experiences deflation when its price level is falling . 一个国家总体价格水平的下降。
13、Inflation : 通货膨胀An economy experiences inflation when its price level is rising . 一个国家总体价格水平的上升。
14、Exchange rate overshooting : 汇率超调The exchange rate is said to overshoot when its immediate response to a disturbance is greater than its long-run response.当汇率对于货币波动的即刻反应超过了长期反应时，我们称之为汇率超调。
15、Fisher effect :费雪效应All else equal ,a rise in a country’s expected inflation rate will eventually cause an equal rise in the interest rate that deposits of its currency offer . And vice versa .This long-run relationship between inflation and interest rates is called the Fisher effect . 在其他条件不变的情况下，若一国的预期通货膨胀率上升，最终会导致该国货币存款利率的同比例上升，反之亦然。
通货膨胀与利率之间的这种长期关系被称为费雪效应。
16、Nominal exchange rate :名义汇率The relative price of two currencies . 两种货币的相对价格。
17、Nominal interest rate:The rates of return measured in monetary terms.名义利率：收益用金钱来衡量的利率。
18、Purchasing power parity（PPP）: 购买力平价The theory of PPP states that the exchange rate between two countries currencies equals the ratio of the countires’ price levels .两国货币的汇率等于两国价格水平之比。
19、Real exchange rate :实际汇率It is a relative price of one country’s goods and services relative to the other’s . 实际汇率是一国商品和劳务相对于另一国商品和劳务的相对价格。
20、Real interest rate :The rates of return measured in monetary terms.实际利率：收益用金钱来衡量的利率。
21、Absolute purchasing power parity:The exchange rates equal relative price levels is called absolute PPP.绝对购买力平价：该汇率等于相对价格水平称为绝对购买力平价。
22、Relative purchasing power parity:The percentage change in the exchange rate between two currencies over any period equals the difference between the percentage changes in national price levels.相对购买力平价：百分比变化超过任何时期两种货币之间的汇率等于之间在国家物价水平的百分比变化的差异。
23、AA schedule : AA曲线（资产）The schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistern with equilibrium in the domestic money market and the foreign exchange market .国内货币市场和外汇市场均衡条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合叫做AA曲线。
24、DD schedule : DD曲线（产出）The schedule of exchange rate and output combinations that are consistern with equality of aggregate demand and supply .总供给和总需求相等条件下的汇率和产出水平的组合叫做DD曲线。
25、J-curve : J曲线If current account initially worsens after a depreciation , its time path , has an initial segment reminiscent of J and therefore is called J-curve J曲线：如果贬值，它的时间路径后的经常账户恶化最初，有一个初始段让人联想到的J，因此被称为J曲线26、Devaluation : 币值下调A fall in the market price of a floating currency浮动汇率制度下的市场价格下降。