虚拟语气的特殊用法教学提纲

虚拟语气的特殊用法

虚拟语气的特殊用法

江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅

一．在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议), advise(劝告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提议), require(要求), insist(坚持, 坚决主张),

command(命令), request(请求, 恳求), desire(请求), prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气, should可以省略。如：

1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize.

2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.

3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf.

4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（宾语从句）

= The general’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（表语从句）

= It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（主语从句）

= The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（同位语从句）

5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.（宾语从句）

= My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.（表语从句）

= It is suggested that he (should) be careful.（主语从句）

= I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.（同位语从句）

二．在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would)；过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式，从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would)；在wished之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如：

1. How I wish I could fly to the moon.

2. He wishes I had come yesterday.

3. I wished he could come to give me a hand.

4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier.

三．在以 in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中，谓语常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should + 动词原形”，特别是从句为否定结构。如：

1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly.

2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move?

3. She stood away so that I should enter first.

4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train.

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四．在had better表示建议或劝告时，其后的从句谓语用过去式构成的虚拟语气。如：

I had better you came yesterday.

五．在“It is (high / about) time that-clause.”句型中，从句的谓语常用过去式或should加动词原形构成的虚拟语气。如：

1. It is time we had / should have lunch.

2. It’s (high) time I went and picked up / should go and pick up my little girl from school.

六．在“would/had rather that-clause，would sooner that-clause”结构中,从句的谓语用虚拟语气。现在或将来的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式。如：

1. I would much rather it was forgotten.

2. Would you rather I did it?

3. I had rather you did it.

4. I’d rather you knew that now, than afterwards.

5. I would rather they had gone there too.

6. I could go myself but would sooner you went.

七．在“would rather do sth. than that-clause”结构中的从句谓语，应用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。如：

I would rather lose a dozen of cherry trees than that you should tell a lie.

八．在“would rather that-clause than that-clause”结构中，两从句的谓语用虚拟语气。现在或将来的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式。如：

1. I would rather you showed me with your hearts than you promised me with your words.

2. I would rather you had done it than Tom had.

九．在as if, as though, even if, even though引导的状语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气(现在的动作用过去式，过去的动作用过去完成式)。如：

1. The old machine operates as if it were / was a new one.(现在的动作)

2. Even though she had been very busy, she would have helped us.(过去的动作) 十．含有介词without, but for, except for短语的句子，谓语常用虚拟语气，现在的动作用“should或would + 动词原形”，过去的动作用“should或would have + 过去词”。如：

1. But for Chairman Mao, we should at least be wandering about in the darkness.

2. Without your advice, I would have failed.

十一．在含有“if it were not for + 宾语”或“were it not for + 宾语”及“But that + 从句”表示的假设条件从句时，主句谓语应用虚拟语气，现在的情况用“情态动词的过去式 + 动词原形”，过去的情况用“情态动词的过去式 + 动词的完成式”。如：

1. Were it not for the leadership of our Party, we could not live a happy life.

2. Had it not been for the leadership of our Party, we should have failed. (属were it

not for的过去完成式)

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