定语从句复习讲义
高中定语从句讲义(精编)
定语（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。
(定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。
充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
)2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：特别提示：①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
定语从句总在被修饰的先行词后面。
②在定语从句中，关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，关系副词起着副词和连词的作用。
③在定语从句中，关系词代替先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用相当于先行词的词。
下面的句子是错误的：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.(应去掉the book。
)This is the right book that you are looking for it.(应去掉it。
)（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语, 不可省略。
①The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩②Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人③Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.④That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
《定语从句》 讲义
《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。
它在句子中充当定语，用来修饰一个名词或代词，使其含义更加明确和丰富。
简单来说，定语从句就是一个句子，放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，起到描述和限定的作用。
通过定语从句，我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。
比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
常见的关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
常见的关系副词有：when、where、why。
关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用，还在从句中充当一定的成分。
例如，在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中，“who”是关系代词，在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物，但在一些情况下，只能用 that 不能用 which。
当先行词是不定代词（如 all、anything、nothing 等）、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时，通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如：All that glitters is not gold（发光的未必都是金子。
）This is the first book that I have read（这是我读过的第一本书。
）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned（掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。
高三英语二轮复习——定语从句讲义
定语从句（复习）The Attributive clause教学目标：1.复习定语从句的定义及相关术语2.比较关系代词与关系副词的用法3.比较定语从句与其他句型的异同（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as等关系副词有: when, where, why关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.（二）关系代词与关系副词的区别1). a. The reason _______he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.b. The reason_____________he gave us sounded reasonable.2). a. I’ll never forget the day ____________we spent together in Paris.b. I’ll remember the day________we stayed together at that time.3). a. Is this the factory______________ we visited last year?b. Is this the house _________Lincoln once lived?c. Is this house ________ we visited last year?解题点拨:Let’s have a try(抢答大战)1) He has got himself into a dangerous situation___he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why2) We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.(’03春招）A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. when3) There were dirty marks on her trousers______ she had wiped her hands.(’04吉林)A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that4) We visited the factory ______ makes toys for children.A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. at which拓展1：介词与关系代词1).This is the reason ___ _____________ he left his hometown.2). I’ll never forget the day ___ ____________we stayed together3).This is the girl ______ _______I learned the news.4). This is the girl _____ is taken good care ___ in the hospital.5).I’ll show you a store___ ____________ you may buy all that you need.6).I don’t like the way__ ___________ you laughed at her.解题点拨：拓展2：as 与which的区别1).The meeting, _______was held in the park, was a great success.2). I will read as many books_____are required. .3). She has married again, _______ was unexpected4). ___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.解题点拨：（三）关系代词“that”专用区1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing , all, none, few, little, some等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。
(完整版)定语从句讲义(个人精心整理)
一．定语从句定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分二．关系代词表格例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）三．6个关系代词的用法1）关系代词that和which的用法which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.▲但在有些情况下，只用that1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
定语从句知识点归纳讲解讲义-2024届高考英语二轮复习
定语从句知识点归纳讲解一、定语从句以及相关术语★定义：定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。
★分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
二、定语从句的关系词(引导词)用法（一）关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose、as关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语as人/物主语、宾语、表语语等。
as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”，as 译为“正如”。
但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。
As we all know,…/As is known to all,…（正如大家所知道....）（二）关系副词：where, when, why关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词(reason)原因状语的地点,其后常由where引导。
▲The reason why...is that... 。
的原因是。
三、非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句，从句式上看，有逗号隔开。
它既可以修饰先行词，也可修饰整个句子。
它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。
1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that2. 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。
例如：I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting.3. 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。
定语从句复习讲义
定语从句一、概念：1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句。
Eg : 1、I like music that isn’t too loud。
2、I like writers who write short stories 。
2、引导词与先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
引导词（关系词）：重复指代先行词，在从句中充当一定成分，且用以连接主句和从句的关系代词或副词。
二、引导词：关系代词：that which who whom whose 引导词关系副词：where when why三、关系代词的用法：<一>先行词是人时引导词的用法<二>先行词是物时引导词的用法<三>作定语的引导词：whose<四>使用that和which的不同情况1、只用that不用which 的情况：a、当先行词被序数词修饰时 b、当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时 c、当先行词前有:only,few,any,much,very,last,all,every, little...等词修饰时。
、当先行词为 anything, nothing,something, everything等不定代词时。
、当先行词中既有人又有物时。
2、只用which 不用that 的情况：a、引导词前有介词时。
、在非限定性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句隔开，其整个句子仍然表达完整意义的定语从句）中。
四、关系副词的用法：1、when：指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。
2、where：指地点，在定于从句中做地点状语。
3、why: 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语。
五、注意情况：1、如果先行词是表地点的名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引。
2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。
3、含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for ,look after , take care of 等。
高考英语语法复习定语从句讲义
定语从句定语从句的核心考点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等关系副词：when，where，why等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
2023年中考英语必考语法—定语从句用法技巧复习 讲义
01定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
连接主句和从句的词叫关系词。
先行词 + 关系词（关系代词 / 关系副词）+ 从句剩余部分。
02定语从句的关键词引导定语从句的关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有 that,which, who, whom, whose 等；关系副词包括 where, when, why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03关系代词的用法1.关系代词的作用(1)引导定语从句，连接主从句(2)代替先行词(3)在从句中担当一定的成分2.关系代词的选择定语从句中关系代词的选择由先行词和关系代词在从句中担当的成分决定。
The girl who/that helped me yesterday is a nurse.(代替 the girl，作从句的主语，不可省略)The girl (who/whom/that) I helped yesterday is a nurse.(代替 the girl，作从句的宾语，可省略)(作定语，不可省略)I saw a man whose hair is long yesterday.(作定语，不可省略)3.必须用 that 的情况(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that。
例如：Helen is always the first student that arrives at school.(2)被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, many,everything, anything 等不定代词时，只能用 that。
(3)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, little等词修饰时，只能用 that。
初中英语定语从句复习讲义简明版
定语从句1.定语从句的含义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
从句放在所修饰词（即先行词）之后，有关系副词或关系代词引导。
定语从句在复合句中作定语，对先行词起修饰限定作用。
I like musicians who play different kinds of music.主句定语从句musician 是先行词who 是关系代词定语从句的基本结构：先行词＋关系词＋定语从句2.定语从句的引导词：关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose（初中阶段重点研究关系代词）关系副词：where/when/why关系词在先行词之后起连接作用，同时又代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。
3.定语从句的关系代词及其用法：特别提醒：当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词的单复数保持一致。
I love musicians who play different kinds of music.He is a musician who plays different kinds of music.4.学习定语从句应注意的问题：（1）关系代词只能用that而不能用which的情况：a.先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.He was the first person that knew the good news.b.当先行词是everything /anything/none等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you want to know?c.先行词被the only/the every/the same/the last等词修饰时。
This is the same dictionary that I bought yesterday.d.当先行词既指人又指物时。
英语定语从句讲义全
discovery ,______of importance to science .
A.which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
[ 解析 ]这里 I think 是插入语 ， which 引导非限制
..
..
..
定语从句
（ 一 ）基本概念
1.由一个句子作定语 ， 修饰句中一个名词或代词 ， 有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容
，
这样的从句就是定语从句 ， 被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 。
2.关系词分为两大类 ， 即关系代词和关系副词 ， 其作用一是引出一个定语从句 ， 二是代替其所修
饰的先行词 ， 三是在句中充当某个句子成分 。
只用 which, who, whom 的
情况
指代物 ， 用 who/whom 指人 ② 在由 “介词 + 关系代词 ”引导的定语从句 中 ， 只能用 which 指物 ， whom 指人 。 ③ 先行词本身是 that 时 ， 关系词用 which,
abroad for further study. ② I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. ③ Those who respect others are
指代 时间 地点 原因
例句 Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk? The house where they live is not very large. This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
高中英语语法复习讲义——定语从句
高中英语语法复习讲义——定语从句一、定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
定语从句复习讲义--人教版英语九年级全册
定语从句专题Part 1定语从句的基本概念一、什么是定语boys tall boystall handsome boys in my class前置定语后置定语(定语从句往往是比较长的放在名词的后面）总结：定语，主要修饰名词或代词，一般能够翻译成“________”的成分。
定语可以是一个______，也可以是________，还可以是一个_____，用来限定名词的范围。
二、什么是从句整个句子充当____________的成分He is a boy who comes from Canada.三、什么是定语从句整个句子充当另一个句子的______成分，相当于一个______，去____主句中的名词。
四、怎么识别定语从句主句______，主句中有名词或者代词被从句修饰。
定语从句＝______＋______＋_________从句部分其中，先行词可以是从句的主语或者宾语。
即：n. (定语从句) + v. +…主语+ v. + n. (定语从句)【练习】试着用三角标注每一个定语从句的先行词，波浪线标注关系词，并将关系词与定语从句用括号括出。
例如：She is the singer (that /whom I met last week).∆1. She is the singer that /whom I met last week.2. I still remember the night when I first came to the village.3. He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.4. This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.5. The cars which are produced in Hubei province sell very well.6. The gift that I am looking forward to is given to be by my mother.7. The boy who is wearing a black jacket is very clever.8. what’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?9. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper?10. The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.Part 2定语从句的具体内容一、先行词：被_____的对象关系______：that, which，who, whom，whose二、关系词关系______：where,when,why三、考点：关系词的选择（一）关系代词的用法(句子______成分）which 物主语/宾语who 人主语/宾语Whom人宾语whose 人/物定语(所有格）that 人/物主语/宾语①人----who/whom/that区分主宾(介词后只用whom)e.g. In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250000.e.g. I happened to meet the professor who/whom I got to know at a party.e.g. I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.【练习】1.Do you know the man ______ I spoke to?A. whoB. whichC. whyD. where2.The girl ______ is singing an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. where②物----which/that一般情况下可互换，但先行词被以下情况修饰或本身就是以下词时，只能用that的情况：1. the+最高级、序数词：the only/the right/the same/the very/the last/just2. 不定代词：the one, all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some, any, every, no3. 人且物：I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.4. 在there be 句型中，从句只用that做主语，不用which。
初高中定语从句讲义
定语从句（The Attributive Clause）一．总述1.概念：由一对主谓结构来充当句中定语的语言现象；即，是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
2.基本构成形式：名词∕代词+ 引导词+（主语）+ 谓语+ 其他被修饰的词关系词“先行词”3.引导词：4.在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
在口语中，关系副词有时也可省略。
5. 引导词的作用：连接主从句、指代先行词、在从句中作句子成分。
(1)She is a person that\who understands me.(2)The girl that\whom\不填we saw yesterday was Tom’s sister.(3)The noodles that\which\不填I cooked were delicious.(4)She has an uncle whose name is Peter.(5)The room whose window faces south is mine.(6)I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.(7)This is the place where we first met.(8)The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.(9) I still remember the days we stayed in England.(10) I still remember the days we spent in England.(11) This is the village we worked ten years ago.(12) This is the village we worked in ten years ago.6.定语从句类型:限制性定语从句: 修饰主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词，从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开；从句与先行词关系紧密，对先行词进行限定、修饰，省去的话，意思不完整。
定语从句---讲义
定语从句二关系代词1. 先行词是人时，可用关系代词who, whom, that 来引导从句。
①.who指人，在从句中做主语e.g. The boys who are playing football are from Class One.②. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
e.g. Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.〈N〉：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
e.g. This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.(这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。
)〈N〉：先行词是one, ones, those时，用who, 不用that.e.g. Those who work harder will get the job.在由“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用whom指人,而不能用that 或whoe.g. This is my friend with whom I go to school everyday.2. 先行词是物时，用that 和which引导。
①that 和which指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。
〈N〉：在由“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物,而不能用that 当在非限制性定语从句中（通常用逗号与主句分开的定语从句）时，只能用which只能用that 引导定语从句的情况:3. 所有格Whose是关系代词的所有格，通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
三．关系副词：【关系副词的种类】定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。
关系副词的用法1. 先行词为地点，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，定语从句由关系副词where引导。
高中语法定语从句学习讲义
高中英语定语从句学习讲义（一）识别和划出定语从句1.识别定语a clever/handsome boy the boiling water fallen leavesthe book on the desk the man standing over there stories in the Long March2.识别定语从句定语从句的定义：___________作定语, 用于修饰或限定整个主句或主句中的_______或______。
特点: 去掉从句之后, 剩余句子___________。
定语从句中的两个重要概念：先行词和关系词【答案】整个从句；名词；代词；完整e.g.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）先行词：____________________________称为先行词。
上句中______________即为先行词。
关系词：重复______________指代，起连接______________的作用并且在定语从句中充当______________的连词。
上句中的______________即为关系词。
【答案】被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象；ones；先行词；主句和从句；一定成分；that3. 划分定语从句起点：定语从句始于：关系词；介词+关系代词终点：定语从句截止于：______________；特殊符号；句末【答案】第二个谓语动词前【过关检测】划出定语从句1.【★★★】The village lay near some wetlands which became his second home. （2020新高考全国I卷）【答案】which became his second home.2.【★★★】The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not.（2020全国卷2）【答案】who played with puzzles；who did not.3.【★★★】At all points in time, teachers regarded the students who reported the lowest frequency of dating as having the best study skills.（2017 济南一中）【答案】who reported the lowest frequency of dating4.【★★★】Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation （突变）that helps them digest milk as adults. （2020全国卷3）【答案】that helps them digest milk as adult5.【★★★】In 2002, Mandela became a public supporter of AIDS knowledge and treatment programs in a culture where the disease had made people feel ashamed.（2018 省实验）【答案】where the disease had made people feel ashamed6·But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.（2020山东）【答案】which increased her weight to 180 pounds.7·The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. （2020全国卷1）【答案】that open further as time8·Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.（2020全国卷2）【答案】who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later9·Johnny also got me thinking about the smaller room that was now my home office.（2018 济南期末）【答案】that was now my home office.10.·We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.（2020全国卷3）【答案】that occurred billions of years ago.11.【★★★】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）. （2020新高考全国I卷）【答案】that says you should avoid eating with heavier people; who order large portions （份）12.【★★★】People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. （2020新高考全国I卷）【答案】who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable.（二）定语从句分类: 限定性定语从句VS 非限定性定语从句区别：1.形式上：有无_________；2.意义上：限定性定语从句起_________的作用；非限定性定语从句起_________的作用。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）一、概述用作的从句叫做定语从句，其作用相当于一个形容词。
对应地，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的引导词包括关系词that, who, whom, which, as等和关系词when, where, why等。
其位置一般在先行词之后，从句主干之前，但as除外。
引导词在定语从句中，不仅起到先行词和定语从句的作用，同时也在定语从句中一定的成分，关系代词充当主语或宾语，而关系副词则充当状语。
My math teacher is a kind person who is always prepared to help the others.There was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.二、分类根据从句与先行词的关系，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句对先行词起作用，紧跟先行词，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，它与主句之间没有逗号分隔；非限制性定语从句与主句关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。
因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用非限制性定语从句。
这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
This is a shop that sells personal computers.The watch that I bought yesterday works well.We are all proud of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world.My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.三、关系代词1. that既可以指人，也可以指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语，作时不可省略，作可以省略。
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. （作语）The coat that I put on the desk is blue. （作语）2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可以省略。
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作语）The film which we saw last night was wonderful. （作语）3.who, whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。
在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，这时也可省略。
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. （作语）Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to? （作语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，但介词放在句末时，who, that, which, whom可省略，但如果介词放在关系代词之前，就只能用“介词+ which/whom”结构。
This is the house which we lived last year.Please tell me you borrowed the English novel.（2）对于固定的含有介词的短语动词，其介词前置。
例如：This is the person (who/whom) you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
但This is the person for whom you are looking. 是错误的。
翻译：他正是我们要好好照顾的人。
*什么是短语动词？英语中一些常用动词可以与某些介词、副词或其他词构成意义不同的短语，这些短语往往不能单从表面理解其意思，就称之为短语动词，是习语的一种。
如take off, put aside, , look forward to, look down on等。
有些短语动词相当于及物动词，如look forward to；有些则相当于不及物动词，如watch out。
（3）如果是that作介词的宾语，则介词也不能放在前面。
例如：这是我们去年住过的房子。
This is the house in that we lived last year.（4）关系词只能用that，不能用which/who的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that。
例如：He was the first person passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时，只能用that。
你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
例如：This is the same bike I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
例如：I can well remember the persons and some pictures I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e. 如果主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复，从句引导词只能用that。
is the girl is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 如果主句是there be结构，那么修饰主语的定语从句引导词只能用that。
例如：There is a book on the desk belongs to Tom. 桌子上的那本书是汤姆的。
There is a book on the desk is near the window. 窗边的桌子上有一本书。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a. 先行词本身为that, those时，不用that。
例如：What’s that which is under the desk?b. 关系代词前有介词时，不用that。
例如：This is the room in which he lives.c. 引导非限制性定语从句，不用that。
例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.（6）当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词用来表示“人”的时候，一般用who而不用that。
Anyone wants a ticket please sign your name here.Those want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.He doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.（7）但当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：He is no longer the man he used to be.He is no longer the man I knew.（8）如果遇到两个定语从句的嵌套，那么往往其中一个用which，另一个用that。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.四、关系副词（相当于“介词+ which”）（1）when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，其先行词应是表示时间的词。
例如：This was the time when he arrived. = This was the time he arrived.（2）where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，其先行词应是表示地点的词。
例如：This is place where he works. = This is place he works.（3）why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词应是表示原因的词。
例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.=Nobody knows the reason he is often late for school.但注意：1）先行词是表示时间的名词时，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句；先行词是表示地点的名词时，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
应先判断究竟需要用关系代词还是关系副词引导。
I’ll never forget the time which/that I spent in Beijing.This is the factory he visited yesterday.2）It is(was) the first time that…是一个固定句型，that引导定语从句。
这里的time是指次数，而不是时间。
It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.那是我们第一次旅游。
五、引导词whosewhose用于指人或物，意思是“……的”。
“whose + 名词”一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语，即“先行词的什么东西怎样了”。
whose不能单独使用；作为引导词，它也不能省略。
另：“whose+名词”相当于“the +名词+ of which/whom”或者“of which/ whom+ the +名词”。
I did n’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （whose leg作从句的主语）He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （形成动宾结构）The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （形成介宾结构）翻译：请帮我递一下那本黑色封面的字典。
Please pass me那位医生名叫约翰逊，住在一个小镇上。