with复合结构和独立主格(知识梳理)

with复合结构和独立主格

真题再现

1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____ them.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

2. The party will be held in the garden, weather .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

3. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched

4. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted it.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. was finishing

5. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down.

A. filled

B. filling

C. to fill

D. being filled

6. ________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. Besides

B. With

C. As for

D. Because of

7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________.

A. going on

B. goes on

C. went on

D. to go on

8. They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _______.

A．spare B．catch C．leave D．make

答案与解析

1. B。with后接非谓语复合结构，pet dog和follow构成主谓关系，用following。

2. A。此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。

句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。

3. B。此句前后句没连词，只有逗号是不能连接两个句子的，所以后边the most recent ______ at the end of last March就是独立主格的形式了，在句中做伴随状语。

4. A。and连接前后两个并列句。在后一个句子中，with结构为独立主格结构，对于finish 的逻辑主语his work来说，是“被完成”，而且不能用谓语结构，选用过去分词表示被动关系。

5. B。在句子中，with结构为独立主格结构，对于fill的逻辑主语too much work来说，是主谓关系，而且不能用谓语结构，选用现在分词表示主动关系。

6. B。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连词，“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”；because of意思是“由于、因为”，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择C和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“ with + n. / pron. + to do ”结构。句意是：由于担心这两门考试，本周末我得真的用功了。

7. A。“with+宾语+现在分词”作宾语补足语,在句中作couldn’t do my homework的原因状语.而all that noise与go on在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作正在进行，所以用现在分词做宾语补足语。

8. A。此题考查“with+宾语+不定式”作宾语补足语，在句中作结果状语。而minutes与to spare 在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作没有完成，所以用不定式做宾语补足语。

知识讲解

with复合结构

with复合结构是由“with+复合宾语”组成，常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：

带介词的复合结构

He was asleep with his head on his arms.

The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.

We sat on the dry grass with our backs against the wall.

带现在分词的复合结构

I won’t be able to go on a holiday with my mother being ill.

With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. （As winter come s on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.）

注意：with和as都译为“随着”，但是with为介词，后接分词结构；as为连词，后接从句。Ann fell asleep with the light burning.

With the price of gold going up, South Africa’s economy was good.

常见的“with +复合宾语”结构主要有以下几种形式：

1．With+名词+分词/分词短语

在这种结构中，名词作with的宾语，分词充当宾语补足语。判断用现在分词还是过去分词，应根据名词与分词之间的关系。如果名词与分词之间是主动关系就用现在分词；若名词与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词。

With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

有那么多的人天天用英语交流，熟练掌握英语会变得越来越重要。

The thief was forced into the post station with his hands tied back.

贼被双手捆绑着带进了派出所。

2．With+名词+不定式

在这种结构中，名词作with的宾语，不定式充当宾语补足语，表示尚未发生的动作。此结构中不定式与名词之间存在动宾关系，但不定式多用主动式。

With a lot of homework to do, I can’t play football with my friends.

有这么多的作业要做，我不能跟朋友们踢足球。

With many things to deal with, I have to work day and night.

有许多事要处理，我不得不夜以继日地工作。