2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案
2012年专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)—GRADE EIGHT—TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION（35 MIN）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Now listen to the mini-lecture.Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation-casual-(1) ________-dependence on memory (1) ____________ ---- research observation- (2) _________ (2) ____________ - careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______ (3) ____________ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______ (4) ____________ - definition: selection of different locations- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across (5) ____________ circumstances- (6) ______: more objective observations (6) ____________ C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______ (7) ____________ ---- observation with intervention- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions (8) ____________ ---- observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______ (9) ____________ - (10) ______ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorder (10) ___________ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings’ novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity ______.A. seems to be attributable to genetic makeupB. appears to be the result of the environmentC. appears to be more associated with great peopleD. comes from both environment and genetic makeup3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Critical.C. Resolute.D. Original.5. The interviewee’s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view that ______.A. brain exercising will not make people creativeB. most people have diversified interests and hobbiesC. creativity can only be found in great peopleD. the environment is significant in the creative processSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. A problem in the cooling system was solved.B. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.D. An international space station was set up.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. Egypt.C. The Philippines.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To investigate ways of physical punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To expose cases of child abuse and punishmentQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan’s economic growth in the second quarter was ____less than the first quarter.A. 4 percentB. 3 percentC. 0.6 percentD. 3.4 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan’s slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I’d been oblivious to my “water footprint”, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since2008, but it was through the “Green Blue Book” by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I’ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I’ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I’ve even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I’ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I’ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the “Green Blue Book” website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I’m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I’m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I’m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they’re made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend’s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I’d been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes’outrageous water footprint just reinforced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It’s one I’m trying, and that’s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint Network ______.A. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposesB. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservationC. made the author aware of freshwater shortageD. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author’s feeling of self-satisfaction?A. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, “...how my own actions factored in” means ______.A. how I could contribute to water conservationB. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortageC. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-savingD. what efforts I should make to save fresh water14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact that ______.A. he was having more meat and coffeeB. his lifestyle was too extravagantC. globally there will be less fresh waterD. his clothes used even more virtual water15. “My entire closet is borderline Olympic” is an example of ______.A. exaggerationB. analogyC. understatementD. euphemism16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?”Jaffe’s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren’t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involvedin extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics”. If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino’s study ______.A. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experienceB. found evidence for attendees’ intense desire for showing off successC. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school studyD. provided strong evidence for Jaffe’s statement18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. Class reunions have become a profitable business.B. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.C. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.D. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one’s recent success.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. Shared experience beyond the campus.B. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.C. The special status their university enjoys.D. The variety of activities for class reunion.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is to ______.A. serve as p relude to the author’s argumentB. prese nt the author’s counterargumentC. introduce Rona Jeffe’s novelD. bring into focus contrasting opinions21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.B. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.C. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.D. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn’t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George’s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker’s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window.“What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?” Mr. Cattanzara asked. “l see you walkin’ around at night.”George felt embarrassed. “I like to walk.”“What are you doin’ in the day now?”“Nothing much just now. I’m waiting for a job.” Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn’t working, George said, “I’m reading a lot to pick up my education.”“What are you readin’?”George hesitated, then said, “I got a list of books in the library once and now I’m gonna read them this summer.” He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him.“How many books are there on it?”“I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred.”Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth.“I figure if l did that,” George went on earnestly, “it would help me in my education. 1 don’t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean.”The change maker nodded. “Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for one summer.”“It might take longer.”“After you’re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara.“When I’m finish ed,” George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. showed a wide interest.B. was fond of drinking.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. George lied at the beginning and then became seriousB. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.C. Mr. Cattanzara was doubtful about George throughout.D. Mr. Cannazara was surprised at George’s reading plan.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, George ______.A. remained the same as usualB. became more friendly with Mr. CattanzaraC. began to like his neighbours more than everD. continued to read the books from the list25. We can tell from the excerpt that George ______.A. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into himB. found that his sister remained skeptical about himC. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundingsD. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his fatherTEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach-in” honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted - and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l’m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess”the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history wasdescribed - by his admirers, remember - as “nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But he’s so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What’s often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year’s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted because______.A. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seenB. no activities can be compared to those in 1909C. no Lincoln statue will be unveiledD. no memorial coins will be issued27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year’s?A. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Respect for great people and their influence.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln’s presidency.28. In the author’s opinion, the counter-conference ______.A. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholarsB. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on LincolnC. came up with somewhat favourable conclusionsD. offered a brand new reassessment perspective29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people ______.A. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroesB. shows the present-day desire to emulate LincolnC. reflects the present-day tendency of worshipD. conforms to traditional images30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. The memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievements.B. Lincoln’s greatness remains despite the passage of time.C. Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives of ______.A. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IrelandD. New Zealand32. The British monarch is the Head of ______.A. ParliamentB. GovernmentC. StateD. Cabinet33. Americans celebrate Independence Day on ______.A. October 11thB. July 4thC. May 31stD. September 6th34. Canada is bounded on the north by ______.A. the Great LakesB. the Atlantic OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. the Arctic Ocean35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. T.S. Eliot.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. George Bernard Shaw.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. John Steinbeck.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. William Faulkner.37. “The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company” is an example of______.A. exaggerationB. personification。
2012英语专业八级翻译真题
纪洪宇英语专业八级——翻译一、概述（一）测试要求汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论与技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节录。
速度为每小时约250汉字。
译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺。
英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论与技巧，翻译英、美报刊杂志上的有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述以及文学原著的节录。
速度为每小时约250词。
译文要求忠实原意，语言流畅。
（二）题型本题为两项：Section A及Section B。
考试时间共计60分钟。
Section A：A项由一段300词左右的汉语短文所组成，其中有一段150词左右的段落被底线划出。
要求根据上下文将此段译成英语。
Section B：B项由一段300词左右的短文所组成，其中有一段150词左右的段落被底线划出。
要求根据上下文将此段译成汉语。
二、2012八级翻译真题PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。
但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。
令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。
她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。
整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。
就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。
这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking.The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing thesupply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altematives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace.boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖参考答案：(SECTION A)With pains gathering in her heart, she felt something burning hot between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression and sorrow which was about to run out of her throat in any moment. She could not think straight when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where other children were staying. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were dancing. “Just leave it here”, she t hought to herself, “This might be the best choice. There are kind-hearted priests and nuns and the place will be renovated into a Medicare C enter”. The child would be her secret kept in the buildings behind the woods.参考答案：(SECTION B)相反的是，上述政策似乎引发了更多的校园暴力。
2012年3月专八翻译部分真题及答案
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the underlined part of the following text into English．Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 2012年英语专⼋汉译英选⾃台湾作家蔡素芬的新书《烛光盛宴》，浓缩了台湾近六⼗年的历史，可谓是⼗年磨⼀剑之作。
加粗的为2012年英语专⼋汉译英部分选段。
《烛光盛宴》原⽂： 泊珍看他第⼀眼，彷似⼀声雷劈头⽽来，令她晕头涨脑，这⼀岁的孩⼦脸型长相如此熟悉，她⼼⾥的第⼀道声⾳是，不能带回去！ 痛苦纠聚⼼中，眉⼼发烫发热，胸⼝郁闷难展，胃⾥⼀股⽓冲喉⽽上。
院长说这孩⼦发育迟缓时，她更是⼼头⽆绪，她在育⽣所待的房⾥来回踱步，这房⾥还有其他⼩孩，每⼈⼀张围着栅栏的床，整个房间只有⼀扇窗，窗外树影婆娑，就让这孩⼦留下来吧，这⾥有善⼼的神⽗和修⼥，这⾥将来会扩充为有医疗作⽤的看护中⼼，这是留住孩⼦的地⽅。
这孩⼦是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑⾥。
她将秘密留在⼼头。
她专⼼做⽣意，她觉得⼈⽣剩下的只有不断地赚钱养育孩⼦，和对往⽇某些美好时光的眷恋，即使这些时光如此短暂，但也因为短暂⽽弥⾜珍贵，她家乡的好⼭好⽔、她和桂花的姐妹情谊、留在⼼中的曾有过的感情，这些美好的部分就够安慰她的余⽣。
她⼼⾥也惦念留在家乡的那些⼈，她的两个孩⼦、她的⽗亲，他们都不再有⾳讯，他们随着时光的流逝，成为⼼⾥⼀个遥远的⼭⽔风景，成为眼⾥模糊的泪⽔。
参考答案： Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows．Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment．She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation．She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals．There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering．“Just leave it here”， she told herself, “This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center”．The child was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chines— Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place. The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill．State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence．Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,酒吧等保安⼈员) (not to mention owners ea—er to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking．The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs．During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs．As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altematives have begun to compete in the marketplace．Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to retum to the thrower 回飞镖 参考译⽂： 然⽽上述政策反⽽引发了更多的校园暴⼒。
2012年英语专业八级考试真题
2012年英语专业八级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12012年英语专业八级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet and Social Networking .You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 网络给我们的生活带来了很多便利2. 社交网络成为一种流行的交友方式3. 你喜欢通过社交网络结识新朋友吗Internet and Social NetworkingWith the rapid development of information technology, the Internet has become an indispensable part of our daily life. It brings us great convenience in many aspects, such as shopping, communication, and entertainment. Social networking, as a popular way to make friends, has also gained momentum in recent years.As a social platform, social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow people to connect with others, share information, and stay in touch with friends and family. It has become a new way of communication in the digital age. However, some people may argue that social networking lacks the face-to-face interaction and personal touch that traditional friendships provide.Personally, I enjoy using social networking to meet new people and expand my social circle. It allows me to connect with like-minded individuals, exchange ideas, and learn about different cultures. However, I also value the importance of offline interactions and believe that a healthy balance between online and offline relationships is crucial.In conclusion, the Internet and social networking have revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with others. While it offers convenience and new opportunities for socialization, it is essential to use it wisely and maintain a balance between virtual and real-life connections.篇22012年英语专业八级考试真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)When I was a child, my world was filled with 1. ______. I was surrounded by books and movies that romanticized the idea of love. It was not until many years later that I realized that love was not always about grand gestures and 2. ______ declarations. Love is often silent and 3. ______, found in the small moments that make up a life. I learned this lesson from my grandparents.My grandparents were married for over 60 years, and although they were not ones to show 4. ______ affection, their love for each other was evident in the way they 5. ______ their lives together. It was in the gentle touch of my grandfather's hand on my grandmother's back as they walked down the street, or in the way my grandmother would pack my grandfather's lunch every morning before he left for work. It was in the simple act of 6. ______ hands as they sat on the couch watching TV, or in the way they would share a knowing smile across the dinner table.I remember one particular evening when my grandparents were hosting a dinner party for their friends. I sat at the kitchentable, watching as my grandmother bustled about, setting the table and preparing the food. My grandfather sat quietly at the head of the table, a small smile playing on his lips as he 7. ______ the room. Every now and then, he would reach out and touch my grandmother's hand, a quick, almost 8. ______ gesture that spoke volumes about their love for each other.As I sat there, taking in the scene before me, I realized that love was not about grand gestures or 9. ______ declarations. It was about the small, everyday moments that made up a life. It was about the way my grandparents looked at each other across the room, the way they held hands as they walked down the street, and the way they shared a simple meal together.From that day on, I vowed to 10. ______ the lessons of love that my grandparents had taught me. I learned that love is not always loud or flashy, but often quiet and subtle, found in the small moments that make up a life.1. A. fantasies B. realities C. dreams D. desires2. A. bold B. loud C. grand D. striking3. A. elusive B. evident C. explicit D. obscure4. A. external B. emotional C. physical D. public5. A. spent B. valued C. shared D. planned6. A. shaking B. holding C. clapping D. raising7. A. surveyed B. ignored C. observed D. spotted8. A. invisible B. imperceptible C. irrelevant D. insensible9. A. exaggerated B. boastful C. explicit D. discreet10. A. reflect B. cherish C. neglect D. abandonSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Many people believe that air travel is a comfortable and convenient way to travel, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not always the case. Recent surveys have indicated that a growing number of passengers are dissatisfied with the service they receive on airlines, and the problem is only getting worse.One of the main complaints from passengers is the lack of space on planes. With airlines packing more seats into each plane in order to maximize profits, passengers often find themselves crammed into tiny seats with little legroom. This can be uncomfortable for even the shortest flight, but on long-haul flights, it can be downright unbearable. Airlines argue that the increased number of seats allows them to keep ticket prices low, but passengers are increasingly willing to pay more for a comfortable seat and a better flying experience.Another common complaint is the lack of customer service on airlines. With cutbacks in staff and an increased focus on efficiency, airlines are often unable to provide the level of service that passengers expect. Flight attendants are overworked and underpaid, which can lead to a lack of attention to passengers' needs and concerns. This lack of personal service can make flying a frustrating experience for many passengers.In addition to these issues, passengers are also unhappy with the quality of food and beverages served on airlines. With airlines trying to cut costs wherever possible, the quality ofin-flight meals has declined in recent years. Many passengers report being served unappetizing and unhealthy meals, or being charged exorbitant prices for snacks and beverages. This canleave passengers feeling like they are being taken advantage of by the airlines they are paying to fly with.Overall, it is clear that there are many areas in which airlines can improve in order to provide a better flying experience for their passengers. From increasing seat sizes and improving customer service to providing better quality and more affordable food and beverages, there are many changes that could be made to make air travel a more pleasant experience for all.11. According to recent surveys, what are passengers increasingly dissatisfied with?A. The lack of space on planesB. The lack of customer service on airlinesC. The quality of food and beverages served on airlinesD. All of the above12. Why do airlines pack more seats into each plane?A. To maximize profitsB. To provide more comfort for passengersC. To increase the quality of in-flight mealsD. To reduce ticket prices13. What is one of the main complaints about customer service on airlines?A. Flight attendants are overworked and underpaidB. Airlines provide too much attention to passengers' needsC. Airlines focus too much on efficiencyD. Airlines have too many staff members14. What has happened to the quality of in-flight meals in recent years?A. It has increasedB. It has remained the sameC. It has declinedD. It has become more affordable15. What does the author suggest airlines should do to improve the flying experience for passengers?A. Increase seat sizesB. Improve customer serviceC. Provide better quality and more affordable food and beveragesD. All of the aboveText 2As the world becomes increasingly digital, the role of libraries in society is changing. Once seen as quiet places for reading and research, libraries are now transforming into community hubs that offer a wide range of services to their patrons.One of the main changes in libraries in recent years is the introduction of digital resources. Many libraries now offere-books and audiobooks that patrons can borrow online. This allows people to access books and other materials without having to physically visit the library. In addition, many libraries offer digital subscriptions to newspapers and magazines, as well as access to online databases and learning resources. These resources can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection, making it easier for people to access information and educational materials.In addition to digital resources, libraries are also becoming more community-focused. Many libraries now offer programs and events that cater to a wide range of interests and age groups. From children's storytime sessions to adult education classes, libraries are working to engage with their communities andprovide valuable services beyond just lending books. This shift towards a more community-focused approach has proven successful in attracting new patrons and increasing the relevance of libraries in today's digital age.Overall, the changing role of libraries in society is a positive development that has allowed libraries to remain relevant in an increasingly digital world. By adapting to meet the changing needs of their patrons and offering a wider range of services, libraries are able to continue to serve as vital community resources in the 21st century.16. What is one of the main changes in libraries in recent years?A. The introduction of digital resourcesB. The closure of libraries in many communitiesC. The focus on quiet reading and researchD. The decrease in the number of patrons17. How do digital resources in libraries benefit patrons?A. They allow patrons to access books and materials onlineB. They require patrons to physically visit the libraryC. They are not available to patrons with an internet connectionD. They are limited to certain age groups18. What other services besides books and other materials do libraries now offer?A. Subscriptions to newspapers and magazinesB. Access to online databases and learning resourcesC. Programs and events catering to a wide range of interestsD. All of the above19. Why has the shift towards a more community-focused approach been successful for libraries?A. It allows them to engage with their communitiesB. It has increased funding for librariesC. It decreases patronageD. It limits the relevance of libraries in the digital age20. What does the author suggest has allowed libraries to remain relevant in an increasingly digital world?A. Adapting to meet the changing needs of their patronsB. Offering a wider range of servicesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor BText 3The use of social media in the workplace is a controversial topic that has sparked much debate in recent years. While some argue that social media can be a valuable tool for communication and collaboration, others believe that it can be a distraction and a threat to productivity.One of the main arguments in favor of social media in the workplace is that it allows for increased communication and collaboration among employees. With platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, employees can easily connect with colleagues, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. This can lead to increased creativity and innovation in the workplace, as well as improved teamwork and communication. In addition, social media can be a valuable tool for networking and building relationships with clients and customers, which can help businesses grow and succeed.However, critics of social media in the workplace argue that it can be a major distraction that can decrease productivity andfocus. With the constant stream of updates, notifications, and messages, employees can easily become overwhelmed and lose focus on their work. In addition, the use of social media can lead to security risks for businesses, as employees may inadvertently share sensitive information or fall victim to phishing attacks. This can have serious consequences for businesses, including loss of revenue and damage to their reputation.Overall, the use of social media in the workplace is a complex issue that requires careful consideration and management. While it can be a valuable tool for communication and collaboration, it can also be a distraction and a threat to productivity. By setting clear guidelines and expectations for social media use, businesses can harness the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks.21. What are some of the benefits of social media in the workplace?A. Increased communication and collaboration among employeesB. Improved creativity and innovationC. Networking and building relationships with clients and customersD. All of the above22. How can social media be a distraction in the workplace?A. By allowing employees to easily connect with colleaguesB. By providing a constant stream of updates, notifications, and messagesC. By improving teamwork and communicationD. By fostering creativity and innovation23. What potential security risks do critics of social media in the workplace point out?A. Loss of revenue and damage to reputationB. Sharing sensitive informationC. Falling victim to phishing attacksD. All of the above24. How can businesses harness the benefits of social media while minimizing the risks?A. By banning the use of social media in the workplaceB. By setting clear guidelines and expectations for social media useC. By increasing the use of social mediaD. By limiting communication and collaboration among employees25. What is the main point of the text?A. Social media in the workplace is a valuable tool for communication and collaborationB. Social media in the workplace is a major distraction and a threat to productivityC. Social media in the workplace has sparked much debate in recent yearsD. Social media in the workplace requires careful consideration and managementText 4The education system in many countries is facing significant challenges in the 21st century. With rapid advances in technology and changes in the job market, schools are struggling to keep up with the evolving needs of students and societies.One of the main challenges facing the education system is the need to prepare students for an increasingly digital world.With computers and the internet playing a central role in virtually every aspect of modern life, students need to develop digital literacy skills in order to succeed in the workforce. This has led to calls for schools to introduce more technology-based learning tools and resources, as well as to teach students how to use technology in a responsible and ethical manner.In addition to the need for digital literacy skills, schools are also facing challenges in preparing students for a rapidly changing job market. Many traditional jobs are being automated or outsourced, while new jobs in fields such as artificial intelligence and renewable energy are emerging. This has led to calls for schools to focus more on teaching critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, rather than just rote memorization and test-taking skills. By developing these skills, students will be better prepared to adapt to the changing job market and succeed in a wide range of careers.Overall, the challenges facing the education system are significant, but by adapting to meet the evolving needs of students and societies, schools can continue to provide a valuable and relevant education to future generations. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving,and creativity, schools can prepare students for success in a rapidly changing world.26. What are some of the challenges facing the education system in the 21st century?A. Preparing students for an increasingly digital worldB. Educating students in a rapidly changing job marketC. Developing digital literacy skillsD. All of the above27. Why do students need to develop digital literacy skills?A. To succeed in the workforceB. To improve their test-taking skillsC. To decrease their creativityD. To memorize more information28. What skills are schools being called to focus on in preparing students for a rapidly changing job market?A. Critical thinkingB. Problem-solvingC. CreativityD. All of the above29. How can schools continue to provide a valuable and relevant education to future generations?A. By offering more traditional jobsB. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking,problem-solving, and creativityC. By decreasing the use of technology-based learning tools and resourcesD. By improving students' rote memorization skills30. What is the main point of the text?A. Schools are struggling to keep up with the evolving needs of students and societiesB. Students need to develop digital literacy skills in order to succeed in the workforceC. Schools are facing challenges in preparing students for a rapidly changing job marketD. By focusing on digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, schools can prepare students for success in a rapidly changing worldPart BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Universe is incredibly vast and mysterious, filled with billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars. Our own Solar System is just a tiny speck in this vast expanse of space, yet it is the only place we know of that contains life. But how did it all come to be? How did the Universe go from being a hot, dense soup of particles to the complex and diverse cosmos we see today?The prevailing theory of the origin of the Universe is the Big Bang theory. According to this theory, the Universe began as a small, hot, dense point around 13.8 billion years ago. This point, known as a singularity, contained all the matter and energy that would go on to form the galaxies, stars, and planets we see today.The Universe has been expanding ever since, with galaxies moving away from each other as space itself expands.One of the pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory is the cosmic microwave background radiation. This faint glow of radiation fills the Universe and is thought to be the leftover heat from the Big Bang. Another important piece of evidence is the abundance of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. These elements are thought to have been formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, when the Universe was hot and dense enough to allow nuclear reactions to occur.Despite the success of the Big Bang theory in explaining the large-scale structure of the Universe, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe. For example, scientists are still unsure about what dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up the majority of the Universe, are made of. They are also unsure about the ultimate fate of the Universe, and whether it will continue to expand forever or eventually collapse back in on itself.A. The Universe is incredibly vast and mysterious, filled with billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars.B. Our own Solar System is just a tiny speck in this vast expanse of space, yet it is the only place we know of that contains life.C. According to this theory, the Universe began as a small, hot, dense point around 13.8 billion years ago.D. This faint glow of radiation fills the Universe and is thought to be the leftover heat from the Big Bang.E. These elements are thought to have been formed in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, when the Universe was hot and dense enough to allow nuclear reactions to occur.F. Despite the success of the Big Bang theory in explaining the large-scale structure of the Universe, there are still many unanswered questions about the nature of the Universe.G. For example, scientists are still unsure about what dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up the majority of the Universe, are made of.H. They are also unsure about the ultimate fate of the Universe, and whether it will continue to expand forever or eventually collapse back in on itself.Text 5It is generally believed that smoking causes harm to human health, with smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease being major causes of death worldwide. However, a recent study has shed new light on the relationship between smoking and health, suggesting that the risks may not be as clear-cut as previously thought.The study, which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, analyzed data from over 45,000 men and women over a period of 30 years. The researchers found that while smoking was indeed associated with an increased risk of developing smoking-related diseases, the risks varied depending on the amount and duration of smoking. For example, heavy smokers were found to be at a much higher risk of developing lung cancer than light smokers, while former smokers had a lower risk than current smokers.One of the surprising findings of the study was that light smokers, defined as those who smoked less than five cigarettes per day, did not have a significantly increased risk of dying from smoking-related diseases. This suggests that the risks of smoking may be dose-dependent, with heavier smokers facing a much higher risk than lighter smokers. The study also found that quitting smoking at any age was associated with a reduced riskof developing smoking-related diseases, highlighting the benefits of quitting smoking at any stage in life.Overall, the study has raised questions about the traditional view of smoking as a one-size-fits-all risk factor for disease. While smoking is still associated with an篇32012年英语专业八级考试真题Part I: Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A:Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. A) She's from Canada.B) She's from Europe.C) She's from Asia.D) She's from America.2. A) She’s going to visit her cousin.B) She’s going to visit her friends.C) She’s going to visit her grandparents.D) She’s going to visit her uncle.3. A) The man is late for a meeting.B) The man needs a pencil.C) The man needs to buy more books.D) The man needs to make a telephone call.Section B:Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Speeches made by business leaders.B) Speeches made by diplomats.C) Special features about the UN headquarters.D) An office building where various events are held.12. A) The way people dress.B) The way people speak.C) The way people behave.D) The way people express themselves.13. A) The Capital of the United States.B) The United Nations headquarters.C) The Washington Hotel.D) The Pentagon Building.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) It has been sold to an American businessman.B) It will be used as a private residence.C) It was designed by a famous musician.D) It will be used as a museum.15. A) Sitting on a couch.B) Walking on a treadmill.C) Jogging on a runner.D) Lying in bed.16. A) He thinks people in Paris are not friendly.B) He thinks the service in Paris is bad.C) He thinks the hotels in Paris are dirty.D) He thinks people in Paris are not trustworthy.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 12 hours per week.B) 16 hours per week.C) 20 hours per week.D) 24 hours per week.18. A) He prefers playing sports to watching TV.B) He enjoys watching TV with his parents.C) He prefers watching news programs.D) He enjoys watching cartoon programs.19. A) Near the school.B) Next to the shopping center.C) Opposite the theater.D) Beside the library.20. A) It's only 20 minutes away by car.B) It's half an hour away by bus.C) It's not far from his home.D) It's an hour’s walk.Part II: Reading Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.21. A) The characters on "The Bill" are professionals.B) "The Bill" is well known all over the UK.C) "The Bill" is popular in the U.S.D) "The Bill" focuses on such issues as drugs and racism.22. A) A police station.B) The personal lives of policemen.C) Methods of dealing with crime.D) The home of a senior policeman.23. A) Solving crimes.B) Organizing the police force.C) Patrolling the streets.D) Training new policemen.24. A) The police force was undergoing changes nationally.B) The police force had too many officers.C) The police force was unpopular.D) The police force was losing funding.25. A) The characters speak in a rough British dialect.B) The show has a popular weekly competition.C) The characters are often involved in dramas.D) The show has been cancelled.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard26. A) They can be told whether pressured or not.B) They can influence the way we act.C) They can reveal our true feelings.D) They can show we are friendly.27. A) They are always sincere.B) They are only relevant in some jobs.C) They can never deceive anyone.D) They may not represent the true feelings of those who use them.28. A) The smile on Angela’s face revealed her anxiety.B) George's smile indicated he was confident in his final exam.C) Her colleagues interpreted her smile of approval.D) The factory workers’ manners revealed their hostility.29. A) Somebody is speaking angrily.B) Somebody is giving a polite request.C) Somebody is expressing agreement.D) Somebody is showing unwillingness.30. A) She felt someone had given her some advice.B) She was not satisfied with the way she had been treated.C) She realized somebody had been annoyed by her behavior.D) She gave approval to something said during the conversation.Passage Three。
2012年英语专业八级考试作文试题真题
2012年英语专业八级考试作文试题真题WRITING (45 MIN)A recent survey of 2,000 college students asked about their attitudes towards phone calls and text-messaging (also known as Short Service) and found the students’ main goal was to pass along information in as li ttle time, with as little small talk, as possible. “What they like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people,” says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D.C., who conducted the survey. “Wha t they like least is that other people can reach them.” How far do you agree with Professor Baron?In this first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.。
2012年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT:150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check you work.Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However,there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.【答案与解析】(1)rare(no)formal records细节题。
2012专八真题及答案
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. ---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm watercascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and,oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricularactivities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctantto get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then wentup to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library onceand now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone downthe street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: Themomentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age couldconjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them,Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north by。
2012年专八真题及解析
(6) advantage
(7) as it occurs
(8) have more control
(9) normally occurring/in natural settings
(10) feature
SECTION B INTERVIEW
1-5 C B B D C
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
6-10 C B D C A
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
11-15 C A A B B
16-20 D C A D C
21-25 B B A A B
26-30 C A D D A
(4) quite /fairly – 删去quite 或fairly
(5) out – outer
(6) away – 删去away
(7) and – although
(8) quarter – quarters
(9) when – until / unless
(10) fewer – less
PART VI WRITING
Mobile Phones Make Students Less Humane
Recently, a professor of American University conducted a survey about college students’ attitudes towards phone calls and text messaging and finally he concluded that what the students like most about their phones is that they can reach other people and what they like least is that other people can reach them. This result is seemingly contradictory, but in fact, it faithfully portrays the dilemma faced by the students, who both aspire to and are fearful of communication. In my opinion, it is nothing but the very telephone itself that is largely responsible for making students less humane by depriving them of their adaptive capacity and social acceptability.
2012年专业八级听力及阅读答案
听力选择题1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution 2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative processNews broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 22012专八阅读参考答案Text A11. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.12. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.13. how I could contribute to water conversation.14. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. exaggeration.16. Humorous.Text B17. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.18. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.19. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.Text C22. showed a wide interest.23. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.24. remained the same as usual.25. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.Text D26. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.28. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.。
2012年专八真题及解析星火官方发布版
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2012年英语专业八级考试作文试题真题
2012年英语专业八级考试作文试题真题第一篇：2012年英语专业八级考试作文试题真题2012年英语专业八级考试作文试题真题WRITING(45 MIN)A recent survey of 2,000 college students asked about their attitudes towards phone calls and text-messaging(also known as Short Service)and found thestudents’ main goal was to pass along information in as little time, with as little small talk, as possible.“What they like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people,” says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at AmericanUniversity in Washington, D.C., who conducted the survey.“What they like least is that other people can reach them.” How far do you agree with Professor Baron?In this first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details.In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.第二篇：2009年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案2009年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案31.The Head of State of New Zealand is ______.A.the governor-generalB.the Prime MinisterC.the high commissionerD.the monarch of United Kingdom32.The capital of Scotland is ______.A.GlasgowB.EdinburghC.ManchesterD.London33.Who write the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S.President ?A.Thomas JeffersonB.George WashingtonC.Thomas PaineD.John Adams34.Which is the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia ?A.PerthB.AdelaideC.SydneyD.Melbourne35.Ode to the West Wind was written by ______.A.Willian BlakeB.Willian WordsworthC.Samuel Taylor ColeridegeD.Percy Bysshe Shelley36.Who among the following is a poet of free verse ?A.Ralph Waldo EmersonB.Walt WhitmanC.Herman MelvilleD.Theodore Dreiser37.The novel Sons and Lovers was written by ______.A.Thomas HardyB.John GalworhtywrenceD.James Joyce38.The sstudy of mental processes of language comprehension and production is ______.A.corpus linguisticsB.socialinguisticsC.theoretical linguisticsD.psycholinguistics39.A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called ______.A.dialectB.idiolectC.pidginD.register40.When a speake expresses his intension of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing______.A.an illocutionary actB.a perlocutionary actC.a locutionary actD.none of the aboveKey:31-35 DBACD36-40 BCDCA2008年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题及答案PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the bestanswer to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet31.The largest city in Canada is_______.A.Vancouver.B.Montreal.C.T orontoD.Ottawa.32.Accordin g to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in________.A.the Federal Government.B.the Supreme Court.C.the Cabinet.D.the Congress.33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A.Baseball.B.Tennis.C.Basketball.D.American football.34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is__________.A.the President.B.the Governor-General.C.the British monarchD.the Prime Minister.35.The Canterbury T ales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by__________.A.William Langland.B.Geoffrey Chaucer.C.William Shakespeare.D.Alfred Tennyson.36.Who wrote The American?A.Herman Melville.B.Nathaniel Hawthorne.C.Henry James.D.Theodore Dreiser.37.All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT_____.A.George Eliot.B.Iris Jean Murdoch.C.Doris Lessing.D.Muriel Spark.38.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A.Arbitrariness.B.Displacement.C.Duality.D.Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”?A.A simple sentence.B.A coordinate sentence.C.A complex sentence.D.None of the above.40.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called______.A.hyponymy.B.synonymy.C.polysemy.D.homonymy.K ey：31-35 BCADB36-40 CDACD07专八参考答案（人文部分）资料出处：王迈迈英语（）PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____.A.the AnglosB.the CeltsC.the JutesD.the Saxons32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by___.A.the MonarchB.the PresidentC.the Prime MinisterD.the Governor-general33.The Declaration of Independence was written by__.A.Thomas JeffersonB.George WashingtonC.Alexander HamiltonD.James Madison34.The original inhabitants of Australia were____.A.the Red IndiansB.the EskimosC.the AboriginesD.the Maoris35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A.Oliver TwistB.MiddlemarchC.Jane EyreD.Wuthering Heights36.William Butler Yeats was a(n)______ poet and playwright.A.AmericanB.CanadianC.IrishD.Australian37.Death of a Salesman was written by_____.A.Arthur MillerB.Ernest HemingwayC.Ralph EllisonD.James Baldwin38._______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics39.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT_____.A.lexicalB.syntacticC.phonologicalD.psycholinguistic40.The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____.A.widening of meaningB.narrowing of meaningC.meaning shiftD.loss of meaningKey:CDACDCABDA2006年专业八级真题及答案-人文知识资料出处：王迈迈英语PART IIIGENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was_____.A.Andrew JacksonB.Abraham LincolnC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is_____.A.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.The IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of_____.A.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.S.EliotwrenceC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by___.A.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O'NeilD.Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of_____.A.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context39.The words“kid,child,offspring” are examples of__.A.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by_____.A.HalliayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.SaussureKey：31-35BCADA36-40 DBDBD2005年英语专业八级人文知识试题及答案1.The study of __ is Syntax.A textual organizationB sentence structuresC word formationD language functions2.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?AarbitrarinessBproductivityCcultural transmissionDfiniteness3.The speech act theory was first put forward by__.AJohn ScarlBJohan AustinCNoarn ChomskyDM.A.K Halliday4.The capital city of Canada is __.AMontrealBOttawaCVancouverDYork5.U.S.presidents normally serve a(an)__ term.Aeight-yearBfour-yearCsix-yearDtwo year6.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.AHustonBBaltimoreCPhiladelphiaDBoston7.The state church in England is __.AThe BaptistBThe Roman CatholicCThe Protestant ChurchDThe Church of England8.The novel Emma is written by__.AJane AustenBElizabethCGaskell C Charlotte BronteDMary Shelley9.Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?AWilliam WordsworthBPercy B.ShelleyCGeorge G.ByronDGeorge Eliot10.William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.Ahis poemBhis playsCHis novelsDhis short storiesKEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD第三篇：2014年英语专业八级翻译部分真题2014年英语专业八级翻译部分真题汉译英：当我小学毕业的时候，亲友一致地愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。
2012专八真题完整版
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions ---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not somuch he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. V ariety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.。
2012年专八真题
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to themini-lecture. Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviou r (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the newsitem, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awarenessof freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives fromfaraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacinos studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffes statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffes novel.B. present the authors counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the authors argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasnt. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after Georges, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemakers window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin in the day now?""Nothing much just now. Im waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasnt working, George said, "Im reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now Im gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 dont mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After youre finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When Im finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at Georges reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what lm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But hes so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing,, though, i, s the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hin, t of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the mos, , t visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this years?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. varietyPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.。
专八真题：2012年3月专八改错部分真题及答案
专⼋真题：2012年3⽉专⼋改错部分真题及答案2012年3⽉的专⼋考试已经结束，TEM8作为英语专业学⽣学⽣⽣涯中较为重要的经历和考验，已是过去时。
英语专业⼋级考试并不公布官⽅答案，也没有官⽅站，本站收集整理的英语专⼋答案或真题仅供参考。
祝⼤家这次考试取得好成绩。
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) The passage contains TEN errors．Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error．In each case, only ONE word is involved．You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "L" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall．When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it． (3) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed. The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely．The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C．Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner．This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood．Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______ literal as possible．This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed．Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other．Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains． (10) _____ 参考答案： 1．going后加on 2．certain改为a certain 3．rather改为not 4．is 改为was 5．in 改为 at 6．去掉第⼆个the 7．view后⾯加that 8．去掉 was 9．culminated后⾯加in 10．and 改为but。
2012英语专业八级翻译真题
2012八级翻译真题PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。
但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。
令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。
她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。
整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。
就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。
这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
参考答案：With pains gathering in her heart, she felt something burning hot between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression and sorrow which was about to run out of her throat in any moment. She could not think straight when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where other children were staying. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were dancing. “Just leave it here”, she thought to herself, “This might be the best choice. There are kind-hearted priests and nuns and the place will be renovated into a Medicare C enter”. The child would be her secret kept in the buildings behind the woods.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars andlounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners ea~er to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking.The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altematives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖参考答案：相反的是，上述政策似乎引发了更多的校园暴力。
2012英语专业八级翻译真题
2012八级翻译真题PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。
但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。
令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。
她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。
整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。
就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。
这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
参考答案：With pains gathering in her heart, she felt something burning hot between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression and sorrow which was about to run out of her throat in any moment. She could not think straight when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where other children were staying. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were dancing. “Just leave it here”, she thought to herself, “This might be the best choice. There are kind-hearted priests and nuns and the place will be renovated into a Medicare C enter”. The child would be her secret kept in the buildings behind the woods.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars andlounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners ea~er to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking.The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altematives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖参考答案：相反的是，上述政策似乎引发了更多的校园暴力。
2012专八真题完整版
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like myfriend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; othersenjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for one summer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. V ariety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a " " sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of theline.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______。
2012年专业八级听力答案
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (2012)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREObserving BehaviourGood morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behaviour in research. Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behaviour every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be life-threatening.We learn by observing people's behaviour. Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behaviour,but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, [1] and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events. [2]Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping.Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? Now, as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behaviour, but it is in reality impossible to observe and describe all of a person's behaviour. So we have to rely on observing samples of people's behaviour. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people's usual behaviour. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behaviour.Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of important decisions, that's about when and where observations will be made. As I've said before, the researcher cannot observe all behaviour. Only certain behaviours occurring at particular times, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behaviour must be sampled. In this lecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situation sampling.Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students' classroom behaviour. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five 20-minute periods, beginning every hour. The first observation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. [3]However, in random sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary—some longer others shorter. One point I'd like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20-minute period.[4]Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. [5]Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as they dowith the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in the wild.[6]So, by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objective observations than he would in only a specific situation.[7]Having discussed ways to sample behaviour in research, we are now moving onto another issue, that is, what researchers should do to record behaviour as it occurs, that is whether researchers are active or passive in recording behaviour. This refers to the methods of observation. Observational methods can be classified as ―observation with intervention‖ or ―observation without intervention‖. Observation with intervention can be made in at least two ways, participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation, observers, that is researchers, play a dual role: They observe people's behaviour and they participate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observed know that the observer is present to collect information about their behaviour, this is undisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those who are being observed do not know that they are being observed.[8]Another method of observation with intervention is field experiment. What is a field experiment? When an observer controls one or more conditions in a natural setting in order to determine the effect on behaviour, this procedure is called field experiment. The field experiment represents the most extreme form of intervention in observational methods. The essential difference between field experiments and other observational methods is that researchers have more control in field experiments.Now let's take a look at observation without intervention. [9]Observation without intervention is also called naturalistic observation because its main purpose is to describe behaviour as it normally occurs, that is, in a natural setting, [10] without any attempt by the observer to intervene. An observer using this method of observation acts as a passive recorder of what occurs. The events occur naturally and are not controlled by the observer.OK, in today's lecture, we have focused on how to make decisions of sampling before beginning our observation, and what we can do during observation. I hope what we've discussed will help you in your future research design.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: People often wonder how the human brain creates, for example, a beautiful painting, a sculpture or even a delicious dinner. Today we are honoured to have Dr. Nancy Andreasen, a neuroscientist at the University of Iowa on our talk show. Dr. Andreasen has recently written a book called The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius.In her book, she tackles the questionand tries to look into the brain behind creativity.M: Dr. Andreasen, thanks for coming on our show.W: Pleasure.M: Now, Dr. Andreasen can we start with the question ―What is creativity?‖W: Well, creativity can be saying as a process. This process starts with a person, for example an artist, musician, inventor or even someone who's trying to figure out a better way of doing a task at work or at home. [1]That person must think about the problem or, or their project in a novel way and then come up with a solution.M: Hmm, I see. But how long will it take for the person to find a solution as it were?W: Well, it depends. [12]The creative process can go by in a flash or it can take years. But the endresult is invariably the production of something new and useful, such as the automobile, or something beautiful and artistic, such as a painting by Vincent van Gogh.M: Hmm, Dr. Andreasen, then do you think the ability to be creative is inborn or not?W: Well, no one knows yet if the ability to be creative, for example the ability to produce a haunting symphony is the result of the environment or a genetic makeup that allows people to be creative more easily.[2]However, creativity does seem to run in certain families.M: Is that so?W: Yes. You see, [2] Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous member of the Bach family, but there were 20 other eminent musicians who came from the same family.M: That's very interesting. Now Dr. Andreasen,we've so far been talking about those famous creative people like van Gogh or Bach who have produced great pieces of work. Does that mean that creativity only resides in great people?W: No, certainly not. Creativity is not limited, I mean, to the masterpiece work of artbut can also be found in everyday tasks such as cooking or gardening.M: Oh, really?W: For example, a cook changes a recipe or even makes one up using ingredients he or she has on hand to produce a new one. He is in fact using the creative process to create novel taste sensations. M: So can we say both famous and ordinary people can be creative?W: Yes.M: Now Dr. Andreasen, can you describe to us what the actual creative process is?W: OK. Uh, [3] artists, musicians and writers often describe periods during which they're relying on ordinary creativity. For example, you know writers can spend hours at the keyboard putting thoughts together – this process is similar to the way people put together novel ideas when talking. And and many great artists also describe a dream-like state during which a symphony, a poem or the idea for the ending of a play comes to them in a flash.M: So what's going on in the brain during a flash of inspiration?W: Well, for the moment no one knows for sure, but but researchers suggest that creative people often slip into a zone in which ideas, uh, and thoughts come up freely in a sort of disorganized way. During that state a part of the brain becomes very active. And that brain region is known to be able to link up ideas or or thoughts in potentially novel ways.M: I see. Another question, do you think there is a creative personality?W: Well, perhaps we can put it this way. Gifted people in the arts or science tend to enjoy adventure. They often like to explore new places or ideas. Uh, [4] they don't like being hemmed in by rules or convention and,and they often look at problems from a different angle. Another point is,is they often have to move doggedly ahead on a project -- even when the outside world rejects their art or new ideas.M: Dr. Andreasen, what about the role of the environment in the creative process?W: Environment does play a role. You see there have been hotbeds of creativity throughout history. For example, the city of Florence during the Renaissance period was home to both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Both men in fact came from families that didn't especially value creativity,yet someone noticed a spark of talent in them and both got the training and financial backing to produce extraordinary pieces of art.M: Uh,[5] since the environment helps in the creative process, are there ways for people to build a better, more creative brain?W: Well, [5] I suggest that you spend 30 minutes a day on a creativity workout.M: Oh, could you say a bit more about that?W: Yes, you do three things. First, explore an unfamiliar area of knowledge. For example, people who use a lot of math on the job should sign up for a painting class.M: And the second?W: The second is, spend time each day thinking. This means that you don't censor your thoughts, but allow your mind to go freely to a problem and see what kind of solutions or ideas come up. M: Next thing?W: That is, practice the art of paying attention. Look for and really observe a person,an object or something in your daily commute that you hadn't noticed before. Try describing or drawing that object in a journal or sketchbook.M: I hope that your advice will help people to train their brain to be creative. OK, thank you very much Dr. Andreasen for talking on the show.W: Not at all.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNEMS ITEMS IQuestions 6 is based on the following news.[6]NASA astronauts successfully installed a new ammonia pump on the International Space Station Monday during their third spacewalk to make the emergency repairs. The astronauts do not yet know whether their efforts were enough to restore the space station's cooling system to full capacity. It took three spacewalks totaling more than 22 hours, but astronauts Doug Wheelock and Tracy Caldwell Dyson managed to move the 350-kilogram replacement pump into position. They tightened bolts and made connections so ammonia could flow into the module. NASA called the success ―a big step in the right direction.‖[6] The space station's cooling system has been running at half capacity for more than two weeks. On July 31, an ammonia pump failed. Another module continued to pump coolant through a separate loop, but astronauts had to power down non-essential equipment to prevent overheating. The space station's deputy program manager, Kirk Shireman, said [6] the team did an outstanding job coping with what he called ―a major malfunction.‖NEWS ITEM 2:Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news.[8] Pediatricians from the U.S. University have taken a look at one measure of children's well being in Egypt, the Philippines and India --- the extent to which children are subject to corporal punishment and abuse. The data reveal interesting cultural differences about what seems to be acceptable when it comes to physically disciplining children.‖ Among the things we learned for instance was that in India, slapping a child in the face or head is more common than spanking them,‖the researchers say. ―And in Egypt, 25 percent of the mothers said that they had beaten their child up, which was defined as hitting them over and over again with a closed fist.‖[7] ―And then the other interesting things were, like the Philippines, the rate of telling people that evil spirits was going to get them, the kind of emotional, kind of threatening to lock them out of thehome, was very high.‖[8] However, despite the differences in punishment methods, some notable similarities have been found. For example, the education level of mothers impacted how often they resorted to physical discipline. The more years of education, the lower the rate of harsh physical punishment in kids.NEWS ITEM 3:Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news.Officials say Japan lost its place as the world's No. 2 Economy to China in the second quarter, as the island nation's economic growth slowed to a crawl. [9] Japan's Cabinet Office said Monday that gross domestic product rose an annualized 0.4 percent in the three months ended June 3, compared with a revised 4.4 percent expansion in the first quarter. [10] Monday's report said export growth slowed and consumer spending stalled. The expansion was weaker than economists estimated, with their predictions ranging from 0.6 percent to 3.4 percent. Analysts say China's economy will almost certainly be bigger than Japan's at the end of the year, because of the big difference in each country's growth rates. China is growing at about 10 percent per year, while Japan's economy is forecast to grow three percent this year.。