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量子尺寸效应与纳米金属小粒子超导电性

物理学专业 XXX

指导教师 XXX

摘要：考虑能级分布和能级关联的影响，采用随机矩阵理论计算了无外场作用时不同粒径超导金属小粒子的两个重要自旋态（、

s1/2）超导能隙随温度的变化关系。并在自旋s=0时得到了实验上观察

=

到的超导增强效应。……

关键词：量子尺寸效应；纳米金属小粒子；超导电性；随机矩阵理论

Abstract:Considering the effects of the level distribution and the level correlation, we use the Random Matrix Theory to calculate the relationship between the energy gap and the temperature of metallic nano-particles with different size and two important states (2

s). The exterior magnetic field is not

=

1,0

considered in the calculation. From the calculation, it is found that when 0

s, the superconductivevity is

=

enhanced. The enhancement has been observed in the experiment.

Key words: quantum size effect；metallic nano-particle；superconductivity；Random Matrix Theory 1．前言

自从在纳米量级的单个铝粒子中观察到电子隧穿效应以来[1-3]，对金属小粒子的量子尺寸效应的研究引起了许多学者的关注[4-10]。对于纳米量级的小粒子，其体积和包含的电子数都是有限的；相应地单粒子分离能级的分布将会影响粒子的特性。大量小粒子的集合体其单电子能级间距具有一个平均值δ，其中Ω为粒子的体积。……

~

Ω

/1

注释：

参考文献：

[1] Ralph D C, Black C T, Tinkham M. Spectroscopic Measurements of Discrete Electronic States in Single Metal Particles [J]. Phys Rev Lett. 1995, 74, 3241

[2] Black C T, Ralph D C, Tinkham M. Spectroscopy of the Individual Nanometer-Scale Aluminum Particles [J]. Phys Rev Lett. 1996, 76, 688

[3] Ralph D C, Black C T, Tinkham M. Gate-Voltage Studies of Discrete Electronic States in Aluminum Nanoparticles [J]. Phys Rev Lett. 1997, 78, 4087

[4] von Delft J, Zaikin A D, Golubev D S, et al. Parity –Affected Superconductivity in Ultrasmall Metallic Grains [J]. Phys Rev Lett. 1996, 77 3189

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