刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)模拟试题及详解(二)(圣才出品)
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第3章 英国资产阶级革命时期【圣才出品】
第3章英国资产阶级革命时期3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Background Knowledge（背景知识）The harmonious collaboration between Queen Elizabeth and the Parliament which represented the interest of the bourgeoisie was intensified at the end of Elizabeth’s reign. As JamesⅠ and Charles Ⅰ came to throne, the conflict between the monarch and the Parliament became more and more severe. In 1642, the English Bourgeois Revolution broke out. King Charles Ⅰ was beheaded in 1649, and the war ended. Monarchy was abolished. England was declared a commonwealth, i.e., a republic.After the death of Cromwell, the Parliament recalled Charles Ⅱ to England in 1660. Then followed the Restoration period. When James Ⅱ threatened to restore the old absolute monarchy, the bourgeoisie expelled him and invited William, Prince of Orange, from Holland, to be King of England in 1688. This was called “Glorious Revolution”, after this revolution, the state structure of England was settled, within which capitalism could develop freely.伊丽莎白女王和代表资产阶级利益的议会之间良好的合作在她统治的最后几年变得紧张起来。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库(含名校考研真题)-英国浪漫主义(圣才出品)
第5章英国浪漫主义填空题1.Two English poets,_____and_____published a book of poems Lyrical Ballads.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge【解析】1798年，华兹华斯和柯勒律治联合出版了《抒情歌谣集》，标志着英国浪漫主义的诞生。
2.Two men fight a dual in the border region of England and Scotland and the loser causes more shame than pain to his aged father with his loss because his loss is considered not a loss of his own but a loss of the nation.（武汉大学2010研）Answer:“_____”by_____.【答案】Ivanhoe Walter Scott3.“I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”is a poem written by the romantic poet_____.（首师大2008研）【答案】William Wordsworth.【解析】《我似一朵孤云独自游》，或译《水仙》，是英国著名浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯的名作。
4._____,a lyrical drama,is Shelly’s masterpiece.The story was taken from Greekmythology.（人大2006研）【答案】Oedipus Tyrannus5.William_____based his poetic theory on the principle that“all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of_____.”（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Wordsworth,powerful feeling【解析】(William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge共同出版的Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》标志着英国浪漫主义的开始。
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)
英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement isa typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Matin LutherC. William LanglandD. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the EnglishRenaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1.E dmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
英国文学简史 刘炳善著(1-3单元)
Part oneConquests & InfluencesA. Early period:1.The Roman conquest:(1)The Roman civilization 文明；文化(2)Christianity (基督教)(3)Flouring (兴旺) of towns along military roads2. The English conquest:(1)Three tribes English old English (the Angles, Saxons and Jutes)(2)Tribal society-feudalism (社会封建制度)B. Medieval period:1.The Danish conquest2.The Norman conquest(1)The French-Speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066(2)Establishment of feudalism (封建制度)(3)French words came to EnglishAnglo-Saxon Poetry (499-1066)1.Anglo-Saxons: the ancestors of today’s Englishmen2.The beginning of history of English literature3.Features: alliteration (头韵) & rhymes metaphors (押韵的比喻) and understatements (轻描淡写)4.The only great work: BeowulfBeowulf1.A national epic (史诗般的作品) of the English people.2.Pagan (异教徒的) poetry & No representative figure (没有代表性人物)3.A folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxon from Northern Europe.4.Praises man’s energy, intellect and love of life; and exposes the social vices. (社会的黑暗面)Features of Beowulf1.Alliteration2.Metaphors (隐喻)3.Understatements (保守的陈述)The significance of Beowulf1.This glorious (辉煌的) epic presents us a vivid picture of the life of Anglo-Saxon people and highly praises the brave and courageous spirit of the fighting against the vices.2.The epic reflects the situations the pagan tribalism (部落文化) and of the era (时代) of the Christianized (基督教化) feudal society.3.The epic gives the vivid portrayal (写照) of a great national hero, strong and courageous peopleand his kinfolk. (亲属)Feudal England1.The chief features of the society was division into two classes: Landlords and peasants.2.The peasants’ rising shook the feudal system in England to the root.The Romance1.The code of manners and morals of a knight is known as chivalry (骑士精神).2.The English versions of romances were translated from French or Latin.3.The romance of King Arthur is the most important for the history of English literature.4.The romance’s culmination (顶点) in <Sir Gawain and the Green Knight> (metrical romance)5.The romance’s summing up in Thomas Malory’s <Le Morte D’Arthur> (in English prose散文)6.<Le Morte D’ Arthur >(i. E. the Death of King Arthur ) is a collection of stories about King Arthur, translated from French by Sir Thomas Malory.Langland<Piers the plowman> written by William Langland shows the existence of English popular literature.The English BalladsBallad: a story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.The various ballads of Robin Hood are gathered into a collection called: The Geste of Robin HoodChaucer一.Chaucer’s Literary CareerThe three periods of Chaucer’s career1.Works translated from French, as <The Romaunt of the Rose>2.Works adapted from the Italian, as <Troilus and Criseyde>3.<The Canterbury Tales> which is purely English二.The Canterbury Tales’ Social Significance(参考)1.A true-to-life picture of Chaucer’s time2.Taking the stand of the rising bourgeoisie, Chaucer affirms men’s rights to pursue their earthly happiness and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the church3.As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect and love of life4.Attack social evils of his time三.The Wife of Bath四.Chaucer’s LanguageChaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He is a master ofworld-pictures. His verse (诗) is among the smoothest in English. There are pages where, in spite of trifling (微不足道的) differences in spelling and grammar, hardly a single word will offer difficulties to a man of tolerable (可容忍的) reading in modern English.五.Chaucer’s Contribution1.He introduced heroic couplet to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.2.He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (Middle English) , thus establishing English as the literary language.3.He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language.名词解释1.AlliterationAlliteration is regular repetition of the same sounds---usu. Initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables----in Old and Middle English verse:’ Kindest to kinsmen and keenest for fame’in Beowulf Alliteration is also known as ‘initial rhyme’ or ‘head rhyme’.2.EpicA long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.3.Ballada story told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.4.Heroic CoupletA traditional form for English poetry: it reflects to rhymed iambic pentameter lines in pairs. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Canterbury Tales.-Part twoOld English in Transition (过渡；转变)一.The Reformation (文化精神领域改革) （详细见书P27）二.The English BibleThen appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James Ⅰand so was sometimes called the King James Bible.The result is a monument (不朽的作品) of English language and English literature.名词解释：1.Help-mate2.Peacemaker3.Tender mercy4.Loving flesh5.Root of all evil三.The Enclosure Movement (圈地运动)四.The Renaissance (文艺复兴) and Humanism （人道主义）A.Renaissance1.The Renaissance: an intellectual movement sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.2.People had a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.3.People showed the keen interest in the activities of humanity.4.People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.5.Humanism is the essence（本质）of the Renaissance.6.The Renaissance, therefore, is a history period in which the Europe humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old feudalistic ideas in Medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman catholic church.B.Humanism1.Humanism emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and the worth of life in this world.2.Man is the measure of all things.3.Man has ability to perfect themselves, to develop the individual.4.Man should enjoy the present life.MoreThomas More was born in a middle-class family. His father was a prominent (杰出的) lawyer, and later a judge.<Utopia>Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager (航海者).The name ‘Utopia’ comes from two Greek words meaning ‘no place’ and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.The Flowering of English Literature1.Sir Philip SidneySir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and critic of poetry.His collection of love sonnets (十四行诗), Astrophel and Stella, was published in 1591, after his death.2.Edmund Spenser--’The Fairy Queen’The faerie Queeene is a long poem planned in twelve books, of which he finished only six.It is an allegorical work dedicated to Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ.Largely symbolic, the poem follows several knights in their adventures to test their virtues: Holiness, Temperance, Chastity, Friendship, Justice, Courtesy.Dominating thoughts: nationalism, humanism, and puritanism.Spenser’s position in English literatureSpenser has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and his influence can be traced in the works of Milton, Shelley and Keats.3.Francis BaconBacon was the founder of modern science in England. It began with a survey of the accomplishments of science up to his time and an examination of the reasons why it has not achieve more.The English version of his part forms his Advancement of Learning.Then followed his New Instrument.Bacon is also famous for his Essays.Drama1.The Miracle Play2.The Morality PlayA morality presented the conflict of good and evil with allegorical personages, such as Mercy, Peace, Hate, Folly and so on.3.The InterludeThen there arouse a new kind of drama called ‘Interlude’, a short performance slipped into a play to enliven the audience after a solemn scene.4.The playwrightsThere was a group of so-called ‘university wits’ (Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) wrote for the stage of the time.MarloweThe most gifted of the ‘university wits’ was Christopher Marlowe.Marlowe was the son of a shoemaker in Canterbury.Marlowe’s best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine (对权利的贪婪), The Jew of Malta (对钱的贪婪), and Doctor Faustus (对知识的贪婪)Marlowe’s Literary AchievementIt is Marlowe who first made blank verse (rhymeless iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama. His blank verse is a living thing; it is vigorous, fluid and precise.His work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist Shakespeare---whose achievement were the monument of the English Renaissance.Shakespeare四大悲剧/喜剧悲剧：《Hamlet》《Othello》《King Lear》《Macbeth》喜剧：《A Midsummer Night’s Dream 》《As You Like It》《Twelfth Night》《The Merchant Of Venice》Shakespeare lived in an age when the old feudal social and economic order was being destroyed and a new capitalist society was being born and when London took a leading part in that destruction and that new birth.In 1593 and 1594, Shakespeare published his two narrative poem Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. His Sonnets were printed in 1609.Scholars have had to work out the chronological (按时间顺序的) order of his plays, based on three kinds of evidence:A.External evidenceB.Internal evidenceC.Stylistic evidencePeriods of Shakespeare’s Dramatic CompositionⅠ.The period of his apprenticeship in play-writingⅡ.Mature period,mainly a period of ‘great comedies’ and mature historical playsⅢ.The period of ‘great tragedies’ and ‘dark comedies’Ⅳ,The period of romantic drama.。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)配套题库-19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人名校考研真题和章节题库(圣才出
第7章19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人填空题1.The school of_____in English literature and art in the last decades of the_____ century is mainly represented by Walter Paler and Oscar Wilde,with_____as its chief authority and source of inspiration and_____as its most popular spokesman.（国际关系学院2010研）【答案】aestheticism;19th;Walter Pater;Oscar Wilde【解析】唯美主义运动（Aesthetic movement）是于19世纪后期出现在英国艺术和文学领域中的一场运动。
瓦尔特·佩特的一系列文章激发了当时的颓废主义者们的思想，这种思想继而在英国发展，其中最有名的代表则是奥斯卡·瓦尔德。
2.Author_____Title_____.（南京大学2007研）【答案】Author:Alfred Tennyson;Title:The Eagle【解析】题目节选自丁尼生的《鹰》。
3.Robert Browning’s poetic experiments transferred the thematic interest of poetry from mere narration of the story to revelation and study of characters’_____and brought to the Victorian poetry some_____element.【答案】inner world,psycho-analytical【解析】罗伯特·布朗宁的主要成就在于他的诗歌新形式戏剧独白，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内心世界，赋予了维多利亚时期的诗歌以心理分析的色彩。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第一章至第二章【圣才出品】
第1章早期和中世纪的英国文学1.1复习笔记早期英国文学Early English LiteratureⅠ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知识——英国的形成）1.The Roman Conquest(55B.C.-410A.D.)罗马征服（公元前55年—公元410年）A.Brief Introduction（简介）Before the Roman Conquest,the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons,a tribe of Celts.In55B.C.,Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar,the Roman conqueror.Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until78A.D.But at the beginning of the fifth century,the Roman Empire was in the process of declining.In 410A.D.,all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.罗马征服之前，在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人（Britons），不列颠人是凯尔特（Celt）部落的一支。
公元前55年，该岛被罗马的朱利尤斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar）侵略。
直到公元78年，不列颠才完全臣服于罗马帝国，但是在5世纪初，罗马帝国开始没落。
公元410年，所有的罗马军队撤离该岛。
B.Influence（影响）①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Britons weretreated as slaves.②The Romans brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely.(This is a profound religious effect up to today).③Roman road was built for military purposes.④Along the Roman roads,many towns grew up,London was one of them,and itbecame an important trading center.①罗马人的生活方式被带到了英国，而当地的不列颠人却沦为奴隶。
刘炳善英国文学简史完整版笔记
刘炳善英国文学简史完整版笔记Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020英国文学简史完全版A Concise History of British LiteratureChapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodI. Introduction1. The historical background（1） Before the Germanic invasion（2） During the Germanic invasiona. immigration;b. Christianity;c. heptarchy.d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen （lord）– thane - middle class （freemen） - lower class （slave or bondmen: theow）;e. social organization: clan or tribes.f. military Organization;g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education;h. economy: coins, trade, slavery;i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.2. The Overview of the culture（1） The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.（2） Literature: a. Poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures. II. Beowulf.1. A general introduction.2. The content.3. The literary features.（1） the use of alliteration（2） the use of metaphors and understatements（3） the mixture of pagan and Christian elementsIII. The Old English Prose1. What is prose?（1）The Venerable Bede（2）Alfred the GreatChapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages 1. The Historical Background.（1） The year 1066: Norman Conquest.（2） The social situations soon after the conquest.A. Norman nobles and serfs;B. restoration of the church.（3） The 11th century.A. the crusade and knights.B. dominance of French and Latin;（4） The 12th century.A. the centralized government;B. kings and the church （Henry II and Thomas）;（5） The 13th century.A. The legend of Robin Hood;B. Magna Carta （1215）;C. the beginning of the ParliamentD. English and Latin: official languages （the end）（6） The 14th century.a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;b. the rise of towns.c. the change of Church.d. the role of women.e. the Hundred Years' War—starting.f. the development of the trade: London.g. the Black Death.h. the Peasants' Revolt—1381.i. The translation of Bible by Wycliffe.（7） The 15th century.a. The Peasants Revolt （1453）b. The War of Roses between Lancaster and Yorks.c. the printing-press—William Caxton.d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy（1485）2. The Overview of Literature.（1） the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.（2） Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur.（3） Wace—Le Roman de Brut.（4） The romance.（5） the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.II. Sir Gawin and Green Knight.1. A general introduction.2. The plot.III. William Langland.1. Life2. Piers the PlowmanIV. Chaucer1. Life2. Literary Career: three periods （1） French period（2） Italian period（3） master period3. The Canterbury TalesA. The Framework;B. The General Prologue;C. The Tale Proper.4. His Contribution.（1） He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types.（2） He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language.（3） The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.V. Popular Ballads.VI. Thomas Malory and English ProseVII. The beginning of English Drama.1. Miracle Plays.Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.2. Morality Plays.A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions – figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.3. Interlude.The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance Historical BackgroundII. The Overview of the Literature （1485-1660）Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature. Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.Literary style-modeled on the ancients.The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.1. poetryThe first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.The third tendency by Johnson: reaction——Classically pure and restrained style. The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.2. Dramaa. the native tradition and classical examples.b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe – Shakespeare – Jonson.3. Prosea. translation of Bible;b. More;c. Bacon.II. English poetry.1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard （courtly makers）（1） Wyatt: introducing sonnets.（2） Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer（1） Life:a. English gentleman;b. brilliant and fascinating personality;c. courtier.（2） worksa. Arcadia: pastoral romance;b. Astrophel and Stella （108）: sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion. Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building?of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning?of literary criticism.3. Edmund Spenser（1） life: Cambridge - Sidney's friend - “Areopagus” – Ireland - Westminster Abbey.（2） worksa. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequencec. Faerie Queen:l The general end——A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue.l 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.l Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory （symbolic meaning）l Many allusions to classical writers.L Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.（3） Spenserian Stanza.III. English Prose1. Thomas More（1）Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of artsa. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;b. studies law at Lincoln Inn;c. Lord Chancellor;d. beheaded.（2） Utopia: the first English science fiction.Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.A philosophical mariner （Raphael Hythloday） tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.f. the Utopia（3） the significance.a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a nationalprose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman（1） life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor – bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature.（2） philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people: servantsand interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental.（3）“Essays”: 57.a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the final decisions. （arguments）IV. English Drama1. A general survey.（1） Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.（2） two influences.a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;b. native or popular drama.（3） the University Wits.2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.（1） Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama.（2） Major worksa. Tamburlaine;b. The Jew of Malta;c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.（3） The significance of his plays.V. William Shakespeare1. Life（1） 1564, Stratford-on-Avon;（2） Grammar School;（3） Queen visit to Castle;（4） marriage to Anne Hathaway;（5） London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor;（6） the 1st Folio, Quarto;（7） Retired, son—Hamlet; H. 1616.2. Dramatic career3. Major plays-men-centered.（1） Romeo and Juliet——tragic love and fate（2） The Merchant of Venice.Good over evil.Anti-Semitism.（3） Henry IV.National unity.Falstaff.Republicanism vs. dictatorship.（5） HamletRevengeGood/evil.（6） OthelloDiabolic characterjealousygap between appearance and reality.（7） King LearFilial ingratitude（8） MacbethAmbition vs. fate.（9） Antony and Cleopatra. Passion vs. reasonReconciliation; reality and illusion.3. Non-dramatic poetry（1） Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.（2） Sonnets:a. theme: fair, true, kind.b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion.c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.VI. Ben Jonson1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literary king” （Sons of Ben）:（1）the idea of “humor”.（2） an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature.3. Major plays（1） Everyone in His Humor—“humor”; three unities.（2） Volpone the FoxChapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century Historical BackgroundII. The Overview of the Literature （1640-1688）1. The revolution period（1） The metaphysical poets;（2） The Cavalier poets.（3） Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction2. The restoration period.（1） The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. （school of Ben Jonson）（2） The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge （1662） were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.（3） The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism.（4） The restoration drama.（5） The Age of Dryden.III. John Milton1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics.2. Literary career.（1） The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso （1632） are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.（2） The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.（3） The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments of any English poet except Shakespeare. InMilton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we find humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.3. Major Works（1） Paradise Losta. the plot.b. characters.c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.（2） Paradise Regained.（3） Samson Agonistes.4. Features of Milton's works.（1） Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.（2） Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.（3） Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.（4） Milton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Bunyan1. Life:（1） puritan age;（2） poor family;（3） parliamentary army;（4） Baptist society, preacher;（5） prison, writing the book.2. The Pilgrim Progress（1） The allegory in dream form.（2） the plot.（3） the theme.V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.1. Metaphysical PoetsThe term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable andcurious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.2. Cavalier PoetsThe other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan's.VI. John Dryden.1. Life:（1） the representative of classicism in the Restoration.（2） poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist.（3） changeable in attitude.（4） Literary career—four decades.（5） Poet Laureate2. His influences.（1） He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.（2） He developed a direct and concise prose style.（3） He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th CenturyI. Introduction1. The Historical Background.2. The literary overview.（1） The Enlightenment.（2） The rise of English novels.When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favor.（3） Neo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neo-classical school.（4） Satiric literature.（5） SentimentalismII. Neo-classicism. （a general description）1. Alexander Pope（1）Life:a. Catholic family;b. ill health;c. taught himself by reading and translating;d. friend of Addison, Steele and Swift.（2）three groups of poems:e. An Essay on Criticism （manifesto of neo-classicism）;f. The Rape of Lock;g. Translation of two epics.（3）His contribution:h. the heroic couplet—finish, elegance, wit, pointedness;i. satire.（4） weakness: lack of imagination.2. Addison and Steele（1） Richard Steele: poet, playwright, essayist, publisher of newspaper.（2） Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford, secretary of state, created a literary periodical “Spectator” （with Steele, 1711）（3） Spectator Club.（4） The significance of their essays.a. Their writings in “The Tatler”, and “The Spectator” provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.c. In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor.（1）Life:a. studies at Oxford;b. made a living by writing and translating;c. the great cham of literature.（2） works: poem （The Vanity of Human Wishes, London）; criticism （The Lives of great Poets）; preface.（3） The champion of neoclassical ideas.III. Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift.1. Life:（1）born in Ireland;（2）studies at Trinity College;（3）worked as a secretary;（4）the chief editor of The Examiner;（5）the Dean of St. Patrick's in Dublin.2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver's Travels.3. Gulliver's Travels.Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war.Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.Part IV. Satire—mankind.IV. English Novels of Realistic tradition.1. The Rise of novels.（1）Early forms: folk tale – fables – myths – epic – poetry – romances – fabliaux –novella - imaginative nature of their material. （imaginative narrative）（2）The rise of the novela. picaresque novel in Spain and England （16th century）: Of or relating to a genre of prose fiction that originated in Spain and depicts in realistic detail the adventures of a roguish hero, often with satiric or humorous effects.b. Sidney: Arcadia.c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator.（plot and characterization and realism）（3） novel and drama （17the century）2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.）（1）Life:a. business career;b. writing career;c. interested in politics.（2） Robinson Crusoe.a. the story.b. the significance of the character.c. the features of his novels.d. the style of language.3. Henry Fielding—novelist.（1）Life:a. unsuccessful dramatic career;b. legal career; writing career.（2） works.（3） Tom Jones.a. the plot;b. characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia;c. significance.（4） the theory of realism.（5） the style of language.V. Writers of Sentimentalism.1. Introduction2. Samuel Richardson—novelist, moralist （One who is unduly concerned with the morals of others.）（1）Life:a. printer book seller;b. letter writer.（2） Pamela, Virtue Rewarded.a. the storyb. the significancePamela was a new thing in these ways:a） It discarded the “improbable and marvelous” accomplishments of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people.b） Its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction.c） It described not only the sayings and doings of characters but their also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.3. Oliver Goldsmith—poet and novelist.A. Life:a. born in Ireland;b. a singer and tale-teller, a life of vagabondage;c. bookseller;d. the Literary Club;e. a miserable life;f.the most lovable character in English literature.B. The Vicar of Wakefield.a. story;b. the signicance.VI. English Drama of the 18th century1. The decline of the drama2. Richard Brinsley SheridenA. life.B. works: Rivals, The School for Scandals.C. significance of his plays.a. The Rivals and The School for Scandal are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy.b. In his plays, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes harshly at the social vices of the day.c. Sheridan's greatness also lies in his theatrical art. He seems to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn knowledge about the theatre. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man.d. His plots are well-organized, his characters, either major or minor, are all sharply drawn, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays.Chapter 6 English Literature of the Romantic AgeI. Introduction1. Historical Background2. Literary Overview: RomanticismCharacteristics of Romanticism:（1） The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings（2） The creation of a world of imagination（3） The return to nature for material（4） Sympathy with the humble and glorification of the commonplace （5） Emphasis upon the expression of individual genius（6） The return to Milton and the Elizabethans for literary models （7） The interest in old stories and medieval romances（8） A sense of melancholy and loneliness（9） The rebellious spiritII. Pre-Romantics1. Robert Burns（1） Life: French Revolution（2） Features of poetrya. Burns is chiefly remembered for his songs written in the Scottish dialect.b. His poems are usually devoid of artificial ornament and have a great charm of simplicity.c. His poems are especially appreciated for their musical effect.d. His political and satirical poems are noted for his passionate love for freedom and fiery sentiments of hatred against tyranny.（3） Significance of his poetryHis poetry marks an epoch in the history of English literature. They suggested that the spirit of the Romantic revival was embodied in this obscure ploughman. Love, humor, pathos, the response to nature – all the poetic qualities that touch the human heart are in his poems, which marked the sunrise of another day – the day of Romanticism.2. William Blake（1） life: French Revolution（2） works.l Songs of Innocencel Songs of Experience（3） featuresa. sympathy with the French Revolutionb. hatred for 18th century conformity and social institutionc. attitude of revolt against authorityd. strong protest against restrictive codes（4） his influenceBlake is often regarded as a symbolist and mystic, and he has exerted a great influence on twentieth century writers. His peculiarities of thought and imaginative vision have in many ways proved far more congenial to the 20th century than they were to the 19th.III. Romantic Poets of the first generation1. Introduction2. William Wordsworth: representative poet, chief spokesman of Romantic poetry（1） Life:a. love nature;b. Cambridge;c. tour to France;d. French revolution;e. Dorathy;f.The Lake District;g. friend of Coleridge;h. conservative after revolution.（2） works:a. the Lyrical Ballads （preface）: significanceb. The Prelude: a biographical poem.c. the other poems（3） Features of his poems.a. ThemeA constant theme of his poetry was the growth of the human spirit through the natural description with expressions of inward states of mind.b. characteristics of style.His poems are characterized by a sympathy with the poor, simple peasants, and a passionate love of nature.3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: poet and critic（1） Life:a. Cambridge;b. friend with Southey and Wordsworth;c. taking opium.（2） works.l The fall of Robespierrel The Rime of the Ancient Marinerl Kubla Khanl Biographia Literaria（3） Biographia Literaria.（4） His criticismHe was one of the first critics to give close critical attention to language. In both poetry and criticism, his work is outstanding, but it is typical of him that his critical work is very scattered and disorganized.IV. Romantic Poets of the Second Generation.1. Introduction2. George Gordon Byron（1） Life:a. Cambridge, published poems and reviews;b. a tour of Europe and the East;c. left England;d. friend with Shelley;e. worked in Greece: national hero;f.radical and sympathetic with French Revolution.（2） Works.l Don Juanl When We Two Partedl She Walks in Beauty（3） Byronic Hero.Byron introduced into English poetry a new style of character, which as often been referred to as “Byronic Hero” of “satanic spirit”. People imagined that they saw something of Byron himself in these strange figures of rebels, pirates, and desperate adventurers.（4） Poetic style: loose, fluent and vivid3. Percy Bysshe Shelley: poet and critic（1） Life:a. aristocratic family;b. rebellious heart;c. Oxford;d. Irish national liberation Movement;e. disciple of William Godwin;f.marriage with Harriet, and Marry;g. left England and wandered in EUrope, died in Italy;h. radical and sympathetic with the French revolution;i.Friend with Byron（2） works: two types – violent reformer and wanderer （3） Characteristics of poems.a. pursuit of a better society;b. radian beauty;c. superb artistry: imagination.（4） Defense of Poetry.4. John Keats.（1） Life:a. from a poor family;b. Cockney School;c. friend with Byron and Shelley;d. attacked by the conservatives and died in Italy.（2） works.（3） Characteristics of poems。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第2章 英国文艺复兴【圣才出品】
第2章英国文艺复兴2.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Ba ckground Knowledge—Old England in Transition（背景知识——过渡中的英国）1. Political & Religious Movements（政治和宗教运动）(1) The New Monarchy（新君主政权）After England having experienced the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) and the War of the Roses (1455-1485), the Tudor Dynasty was established by the end of the War of the Roses. It was a centralized monarchy of a totally new type.英国在经历了百年大战（1337-1453）和玫瑰战争（1455-1485）之后，一个高度中央集权的都铎王朝顺势而生。
(2) The Reformation（宗教改革）①The Reformation in England is not only a religious movement, but also a politicalstruggle between the monarch and the bishop.②It was started by Henry Ⅷ (1509-1547) to get rid of the international regime of the Roman Catholic Church and to establish an absolute monarchy.③He declared the break with Rome, and suppressed the monasteries and confiscated the property of the Church, thus enriching the new bourgeois nobility. Then the new religious dogma known as Protestantism had been developed.①英国宗教改革不只是一场宗教运动，更是一场君主和教士之间的较量。
(完整版)英国文学简史期末测验考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大必备)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。
（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV）传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）•《狐狸》（V olpone）•《练金术士》（The Alchemist）三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）•威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）《如此世道》（The Way of the World）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）-章节题库（第6章）【圣才出品】
刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）-章节题库（第6章）【圣才出品】第6章英国批判现实主义一、填空题1. “In Memoriam”is often regarded as the most important of _____’s longer poems. It started as _____in memory of Arthur Hallam and grew into a full expression of the poet’s _____ and _____ views. [国际关系学院2007研]【答案】Alfred Tennyson; elegy; philosophical ; religious【解析】《悼念集》包括131首诗歌，是英国文学史上最优秀的哀歌之一，是为了悼念好友亚瑟·贺莱姆而作，以挽歌开始，后来进一步表达了诗人的哲学和宗教观点。
2. British novel came of age in _____. [南开大学2007研]【答案】the 19th century.【解析】英国小说的成熟期是19世纪。
3. Of the four novels that Charlotte Bront? wrote, _____ has achieved lasting fame. [天津外国语2007研]【答案】Jane Eyre【解析】在夏洛特·勃朗特所写的四部小说中，《简·爱》获得了持久的名声。
4. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____. [大连外国语2007研]【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront?【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Bront?小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。
5. Pip is a character in _____. [大连外国语2007研]【答案】Great Expectations【解析】Pip是英国作家Charles Dickens的小说《远大前程》中的主角。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解-第7章 19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人【圣才出品】
第7章19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人7.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Background Knowledge（背景知识）Refer to “Background Knowledge” of Part Six.参考第六章：批判现实主义的“背景知识”部分。
Ⅱ. Features of prose and poetry of the Mid and Late 19th Century（19世纪中后期的散文和诗歌文体特征）1. The most important genre of this period is prose, which includes fictional proseand non-fictional prose. Fictional prose is also called novel (Novels of mid and late 19th century have been mentioned in Part Six). The main representatives of non-fictional prose are Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin and Thomas Babington Macaulay.2. The fifties saw the rising of two poets: Tennyson and Browning. By the end of the19th century, the most important writers were those who were concerned with the socialist movements, and one of them was William Morris.3. Literary trends at the end of the 19th century included naturalism,neo-romanticism and aestheticism. The representatives of aestheticism who believed in “art for art’s sake” were Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde. Steve nson, the neo-romanticist created the pleasant works that followed the principles ofthe mysterious style of the Romanticists such as Byron. The naturalists, represented by George Gissing, though not being aware of the source of misery, gave a detailed description of the evils of society and the harsh reality as well as people’s painful life in the slums.1. 这一时期的文学创作以散文见长，既包括故事性散文（小说），又包括非故事性散文。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）配套题库-二十世纪英国文学名校考研真题和章节题库（圣才出品）
刘炳善《英国⽂学简史》（第3版）配套题库-⼆⼗世纪英国⽂学名校考研真题和章节题库（圣才出品）第8章⼆⼗世纪英国⽂学填空题1._____is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence.The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗⼈、⼩说家和⽂学批评家。
《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of D ORIAN Gray）是王尔德最出⾊的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。
2.The Happy Prince and Other Tales and The House of Pomegranates are two collections of_____written by Oscar Wilde.【答案】children’s stories3.The Importance of Being Earnest,which mercilessly exposes the hypocrisy of the upper society in VictorianEngland,is_____’s masterpiece in drama.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】《认真的重要性》（The Importance of Being Earnest）是奥斯卡·王尔德的代表性剧作。
剧本通过俏⽪的对话对维多利亚时期的英国上流社会的虚伪、腐败进⾏了⽆情的批判。
4.The English writer_____set his major novels in the south and southwest of_____,which he called“Wessex”.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Thomas Hardy,England【解析】韦塞克斯位于英国西南部，中古盎格鲁撒克逊⼈所建的王国，虽然在历史上确实存在这个地⽅，但在托马斯·哈代的⼩说中仍被赋予了虚拟的成分。
《刘炳善 英国文学简史 第3版 笔记和考研真题详解》读书笔记思维导图PPT模板下载
第9章 二战前后的诗人和小说 家
9.1 复习笔 记
9.2 考研真 题与典型题 详解
读书笔记
谢谢观看
第1章 早期和中世纪的英国文 学
1.1 复习笔 记
1.2 考研真 题与典型题 详解
第2章 英国文艺复兴
2.1 复习笔 记
2.2 考研真 题与典型题 详解
第3章 英国资产阶级革命时期
3.1 复习笔 记
3.2 考研真 题与典型题 详解
第4章 十八世纪的英国文学
4.1 复习笔 记
4.2 考研真 题与典型题 详解
07 第7章 19世纪中后期 的散文家和诗人
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第9章 二战前后的诗 人和小说家
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ08
第8章 二十世纪英国 文学
作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书完全遵循该教材的章目编排，共分9章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复 习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相 关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。每章的复 习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂 笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。本书章节笔记采用 了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。3．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。本书精选名校近年 考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限 于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。
第5章 英国浪漫主义
5.1 复习笔 记
5.2 考研真 题与典型题 详解
第6章 英国批判现实主义
刘炳善《英国文学简史》网授精讲
刘炳善《英国文学简史》网授精讲
本课程是刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）网授精讲班，为了帮助参加研究生招生考试指定考研参考书目为刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）的考生复习专业课，我们根据教材和名校考研真题的命题规律精心讲解教材章节内容。
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第6章英国批判现实主义（1）
01:07:46
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第6章英国批ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้现实主义（2）
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第6章英国批判现实主义（3）
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第7章十九世纪后半页的散文和诗歌（1）
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第7章十九世纪后半页的散文和诗歌（2）
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第8章二十世纪的英国文学（1）
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第3章英国资产阶级革命时期
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第4章十八世纪的英国文学（1）
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第4章十八世纪的英国文学（2）
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第4章十八世纪的英国文学（3）
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第4章十八世纪的英国文学（4）
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第5章英国浪漫主义文学（1）
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第5章英国浪漫主义文学（2）
（2）串讲名校考研真题。通过分析历年考研真题，梳理命题规律和特点，分析名校考研真题出题思路。
考虑到课时的需要以及相关知识点的难易程度，对于一些简单的、考试不易涉及的知识点，本课程不予以讲述或一带而过，故建议在学习本课程之前提前复习一遍教材。
《英国文学简史（刘炳善版）》期末试题及答案A卷（英语本科专业用）
《英国⽂学简史（刘炳善版）》期末试题及答案A卷（英语本科专业⽤）××⼤学外国语学院英语系期末考试《英国⽂学简史》试卷 A 卷________级_______专业_____班学号___________ 姓名___________Ⅰ. Multiple choices (50 points, 1 point each)1.The most important work of Alfred the Great is _________, which isregarded as the best monument of the old English prose.A. The Song of BeowulfB. The Anglo-Saxon ChroniclesC. BrutD. History of the King of Britain2.William Langland’s “_________” is written in the form of adream vision.A. Kubla KanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur3.In 1066, ________ led the Norman army to invade and defeat England.A.Julius CaesarB. Alexander the GreatC.William the ConquerorD. Claudius4._________ was the first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner ofWestminster Abbey.A. KeatsB. SoutheyC. TennysonD. Chaucer5._________ composed a long narrative poem named “________”basedon Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.A.Shakespeare, Troilus and CriseydeB.Chaucer, Troilus and CriseydeC.Chaucer, The House of FameD.Chaucer, The Romaunt of the Rose6.In the following, which word is not French origin?A. porkB. muttonC. vealD. swine7.The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development ofEnglish drama. It was _______ who first made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Robert GreeneB. Edmund SpenserC. Christopher MarloweD. William Shakespeare8.English Renaissance Period was an age of ______.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalD. ballads and songs9.Great popularity was won by John Lyly’s prose romance _________which gave rise to the term “euphuism”, designating an affected style of court speech.A. CymbelineB. Venus and AdonisC. The Rape of LucreceD. Euhpues10.Which one is not the resource of medieval romance?A.adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of Round TableB.Emperor Charlemagne and his peersC.Alexander the Great and matters of RomeD.The Rising of 138111.“When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentlemen?”is the sermon of __________.A. Wat TylerB. John BallC. LanglandD. Thomas Malory12.Which statement about More’s “Utopia” is NOT true?A. Book One of “Utopia” is a picture of contemporary Englandwith forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboringclasses, the greed and luxury among the rich, and an eagernessfor war on the part of the rulersB. In Book Two we have a sketch of an ideal commonwealth in someunknown ocean, where prosperity is held in common and thereis no poverty.C. “Utopia” is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of aconversation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager.D. As a great thinker, More had pointed out that the root of povertyis the private ownership of the social wealth, so he wishedto arouse the people to start a revolutionary movement againstthe ruling classes, which cost his life.13. Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language,and one of his great contributions is the introduction of the rhymed stanza from France, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter--- _______, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon _________.A.alliterative verse, heroic couplet;B.heroic couplet, sonnets;C.heroic couplet, alliterative verse;D.alexandrine verse, ballads.14.Among various English versions of Bible, which one is the best?A.John Wycliffe’s Bible;B.William Tyndal’s Bible;C.The King James Bible;/doc/8ca0561*******fc700abb68a98271fe910eaf1d.html es Coverdale’s Bible.15.Among the so-called “university wits”, it is _______ thatsatirized William Shakespeare as “an upstart crow”.A. PeeleB. Marlowe,C. NashD. Greene16.It is _______ that says of Hamlet,“The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s, eye, tongue, sword;The expectancy and rose of the fair state,The glass of fashion, and the mould of form…” (Ⅲ.1.)A. OpheliaB. PoloniusC. ClaudiusD. Gertrude17.“Hamlet”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, and ________ are calledthe four great tragedies.A. “Romeo and Juliet”B. “Antony and Cleopatra”C. “Julius Caesar”D. “Macbath”18.Of many contemporaries and successors of Shakespeare, the mostimportant and well-know was __________, who became the first poet laureate in 1616.A. John DrydenB. Samuel JohnsonC. Ben JonsonD. Robert Southey19.In Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”, the marinersuffers the horror of death, because __________.A.he experience a ship wreckB.he is tortured with starvationC.he undergoes much sufferingD.he kills an albatross20._____ is the central concern to Blake’s concern in the “Songsof Innocence”.A. WomanB. PoetryC. HappinessD. Childhood21.“All is not lost: the unconquerable will, and study of revenge,immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield: And what iselse not to be overcome?”The above “Excerpt”comes from _________.A. Dr. FaustusB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Tamburlaine22.William Wordsworth asserts that poetry originates from _______.A.formB. thoughtsC. artistic devicesD. emotions23.Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic _____.A.allegoryB. proseC. poemD. play24. ________ wrote twice “Defense of the English People”to replyto the European scholar Salmasius’ latin pamphlet on accusing the regicide by English people.A.John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden25.“Vanity Fair”in _________ “The Pilgrim’s Progress”wasquoted later as the title of a critical realism novel “Vanity Fair” by _________.A.Bunyan’s Walter ScottB.Bunyan’s ThackerayC.Bunyan’s Jane AustenD.Bunyan’s Charles Dickens26. _________, the Poet Laureate, and the author of An Essay ofDramatic Poesy, was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature.A.Alexander PopeB. AddisonC. SteeleD. John Dryden27.The following proverbial maxims, “For fools rush in where angelsfear to tread”, “To err is human, to forgive, divine” and “A little learning is a dangerous thing”, are from ______ by _____.A.An Essay of Dramatic Poesy, John DrydenB.The Rowley Papers, ChattertonC.Essay on Criticism, Alexander PopeD.The Spectator, Addison28.Lilliput, Bobdingnag, Flying Island, and the country ofHouyhnhnms are scenes in _________ by ________.A.Robinson Crusoe, DefoeB.Gulliver’s Travels, SwiftC.Roderick Random, SmollettD.Tristram Shandy, Sterne29.In order to criticize the excessive sentimentality and poor ethicsin “Pamela”by Richardson, Henry Fielding wrote a novel ________.A. “Joseph Andrews”B. “Jonathan Wild”C. “Tome Jones”D. “Amelia”30.The first English psycho-analytical novel is _______.A.“Clarissa Harlowe”B. “Pamela”C. “Sir Charles Grandison”D. “Amelia”31.On the eve of the publication of “Dictionary”,______ letter toLord Chesterfield declared the independence of English writers, signifying the end of their reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support.A.Samuel Johnson’sB. John Milton’sC. Adam Smith’sD. Sheridan’s32.The Romantic Age began with the publication of “The LyricalBallads” which was written by __________.A.William WordsworthB.SoutheyC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.Wordsworth and Coleridge33.Which poet below doesn’t belong to the Lakers?A.WordsworthB. KeatsC. SoutheyD. Coleridge34. Which works have NOT employed the subjects from the Bible?A.Samson AgonistesB. CainC. Prometheus UnboundD. Paradise Lost35. Shelley wrote an elegy ______ lamenting the premature death ofhis fellow poet _______.A.Adonais, KeatsB. Hellas, ByronC. The Cenci, HazlittD. Queen Mab, Leigh Hunt36.“Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”was written in the form of_______, while “Don Juan”was written in _______. And both were created by a famous romanticist _______.A.Ottava rima, Spenserian stanza, ByronB.Ottava rima, Spenserian stanza, ShelleyC.Spenserian stanza, Ottava rima, ByronD.Spenserian stanza, Ottava rima, Shelley37.We can find a counterpart of China’s “Tale of White Serpent”in English literature, ________ written by ________./doc/8ca0561*******fc700abb68a98271fe910eaf1d.html mia, KeatsB. Christabel, Coleridge/doc/8ca0561*******fc700abb68a98271fe910eaf1d.html mia, Coleridge D. Christabel, Keats 38.Albatross in English culture is an inauspicious symbol, whichoriginates from __________, the work of _________.A.Kubla Khan, ColeridgeB.The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, ColeridgeC.Christabel, ColeridgeD.The Preclude, Wordsworth39.“ O my Luve is like a red, red rose,That's newly sprung in June;O my Luve's like the melodieThat's sweetly play'd in tune.”The song above is from ________ by _______.A.“A Red, Red Rose”, William BlakeB.“A Red, Red Rose”, Robert BurnsC.“A Red, Red Rose”, Thomas GrayD.“A Red, Red Rose”, William Cowper40.Elia is the pseudonym of a famous essayist, _________, whopublished “The Essay of Elia” in 1823.A.HazlittB. Leigh HuntC. De QuinceyD. Charles Lamb41.__________ is the major theme from the early seventeenth centuryto the end of the eighteenth century in the history of American literature.A.The RomanticismB. The PuritanismC. The TranscendentalismD. The Sentimentalism42. The first important writer in American literature, ________ ,who wrote the fascinating The Sketch Book with both two of his most famous stories, “Rip Van Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” is regarded as “father of American literature".A.Jonathan EdwardB. Benjamin FranklinC. Washington IrvingD. Fenimore Cooper43. ________ and ________ were the two major American poets of thenineteenth century.A.Walt Whitman, Emily DickinsonB.Anne Bradstreet, Edward TaylorC.Roger Williams, Thomas PaineD.Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson44. _________ brought the Romantic Period of American literature toan end.A.The Independent WarB.The Civil WarC.New England RenaissanceD.The First World War45. In the opinion of Ernest Hemingway, ________ of ________， begotmodern American literature.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark TwainB.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, O. HenryC.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark TwainD.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, O. Henry46. Fitzgerald’s __________ wrote about the frustration and despairresulting from the failure of the American dream.A.The Side of ParadiseB.Tales of the Jazz AgeC.Tender Is the NightD.The Great Gatsby47. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ________, the implication of thecapital letter “A” evolves from “adultery”, “adulteress”to “able” and “angel”.A.Mosses from Old ManseB.Twice Told TalesC.The Scarlet letterD.The House of the Seven Gables48. In the following poets, which one is not among “New Englandpoets”？A.William Cullen BryantB. Ezra PoundC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. Oliver Wendell Holmes49. The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their ________.A. indestructible spiritB. pessimistic view of lifeC. war experienceD. masculinity50. When American president Abraham Lincoln met Harriet Beecher Stowe,he joked, “So you're the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war (the Civil War).” So what is the name of the book?A. The Waste LandB. Uncle Tom's CabinC.The BridgeD. Sister CarrieⅡ. Some of the following statements are true, some are false, mark them with “A”for True, “B”for False. (10%)51. The artistic features in “Beowulf”are the use of alliteration,metaphors and understatement.52. The Seven Deadly Sins described in “Piers the Plowman” arePride, Lechery, Envy, Wrath, Sloth, Avarice, and Glutton.53.The most important department of English folk literature is theballad, a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. One of the most popular one is “The Robin Hood Ballads”.54.Miracle plays, morality plays, the interlude and classical playswere the forms of drama prevailing until the reign of Elizabeth.55.Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece “Samson Agonistes”56.Blank verse is written in unrhymed iambic pentameter, which wasemployed by some great English poets, such as William Shakespeare and John Milton.57.Epic is a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a greathero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.58.John Donn, the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry, whoseworks are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form, is also the representative of sentimentalism.59.Blake is the greatest poet Scotland has ever produced. His “PoemsChiefly in the Scottish Dialect” is of great significance in English literature.60.The greatest English playwright or the 18th century was Goldsmith,whose best play is “The School for Scandal”.Ⅲ. Define the literary terms below(10 points, 5 points each)1.Romanticism2.ClassicismⅣ. Matching (10 points)1. Geoffrey Chaucer A. Othello2. Henry Fielding B. The Rape of the Lock3. Shakespeare C. The Canterbury Tales4. Edmund Spencer D. Lycidas5. Daniel Defoe E. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling6. Alexander Pope F. The Faerie Queene7. John Milton G. Captain Singleton8. William Wordsworth H. The Prelude9. George Gordon Byron I. A Modest Proposal10.Jonathan Swift J. Don JuanⅤ. Answer the questions (20 points)1.Read the following words, and then answer questions below. (10’)（1）Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. …Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider.（2）Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; …(3) Reading maketh a full man, conference aready man, and writing an exact. …（4）Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. …If he be not able to beat over matters and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.1). These words are taken from a famous essay written by ___________. (1’)2). What is the title of this essay? (1’)3). Translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(8’)(1). ________________________________________________________(2’)(2). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’) (3).____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’) (4).________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’) 2.Read the poem below, and answer questions. (3’)18Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;And every fair from fair sometime declines ,By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.So long as man can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.1). This is one of Shakespeare’s best known __________. (1’)A. sonnetsB. balladsC. songs2). It runs in iambic pentameter rhymed _______________________. (1’)3). The fourteen lines includes three stanzas according to their content with thelast two lines as a ________ which complete the sense of the above lines. (1’)A. preludeB. coupletC. epigraph3.Read the following words, and then answer questions below. (3 points)VMake me thy lyre, even as the forest is:What if my leaves are falling like its own!The tumult of thy mighty harmoniesWill take from both a deep, autumnal tone,Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!Drive my dead thoughts over the universeLike wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!And, by the incantation of this verse,Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearthAshes and sparks, my words among mankind!Be through my lips to unawaken'd earthThe trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?1)Who is the writer of this immortal poem? (1’)2)The title of this poem is _______________. (1’)3)The rime scheme in this stanza is _________________. (1’)4.Read the following words, and then answer questions below. (4’)The name of Ivanhoe was no sooner pronounced than it flew from mouth to mouth, with all the celerity with which eagerness could convey and curiosity receive it. It was not long ere it reached the circle of the Prince, whose brow darkened as he heard the news. Looking around him, however, with an air of scorn, ``My Lords,'' said he, ``and especially you, Sir Prior, what think ye of the doctrine the learned tell us, concerning innate attractions and antipathies?Methinks that I felt the presence of my brother's minion, even when I least guessed whom yonder suit of armour enclosed.'' ``Front-de-Boeuf must prepare to restore his fief of Ivanhoe,'' said De Bracy, who, having discharged his part honourably in the tournament, had laid his shield and helmet aside, and again mingled with the Prince's retinue.``Ay,'' answered Waldemar Fitzurse, ``this gallant is likely to reclaim the castle and manor which Richard assigned to him, and which your Highness's generosity has since given to Front-de-Boeuf.''1) The passage is taken from a historical novel entitled ______________. (1’)2)The writer of this novel is ____________. (1’)3)What role does Ivanhoe play in the novel? (2’)（答题纸、答案在下页）××⼤学外国语学院英语系期末考试《英国⽂学简史》试卷 A 卷________级_______专业_____班学号___________ 姓名___________Ⅲ. Define the literary terms below. (10 points, 5 points each)3.Romanticism_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Classicism________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. Matching (10 points)1.____2.____3.____4.____5.____6.____7.____8.____9.____ 10.____Ⅴ. Answer the questions (20 points)5.Read the following words, and then answer questions below. (10’)1)_______________________. (1’)2)_______________________. (1’)3) Translation(1). ________________________________________________________(2’)(2). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’) (3).____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’) (4).________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’) 6.Read the poem below, and answer questions. (3’)1)__________ (1’)2)_____________________________________.(1’)3)__________(1’)7.Read the following words, and then answer questions below. (3 points)1) ____________________.(1’)2) ___________________________________.(1’)4)___________________________________.(1’)8.Read the following words, and then answer questions below. (4’)1) ___________________ (1’)2) ___________________.(1’)3) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2’).(答案见下⼀页）。
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版（英语专业大三必备）•乔纳森·斯威夫特JonathanSwift《格列佛•丹尼尔·笛福DanielDefoe英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（RobinonCruoe）•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》（TomJone）•乔纳森·斯威夫特JonathanSwift《格列佛游记》Gulliver’Travel•丹尼尔·笛福DanielDefoe英国小说之父《鲁滨孙漂流记》（RobinonCruoe）•亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding《汤姆·琼斯》（TomJone）•奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯OliverGoldmith《荒村》（TheDeertedVillage）•詹姆斯·汤姆逊JameThomon《四季歌》（TheSeaon）•威廉·柯林斯WilliamCollin《黄昏颂》（OdetoEvening）•托马斯·格雷ThomaGray《墓园哀歌》（ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard）五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）•罗伯特·彭斯RobertBurn•威廉·布莱克WilliamBlake•威廉·华兹华斯WilliamWordworth•塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治SamuelTaylorColeridge《抒情歌谣集》（LyricalBallad）·Byron,Shelley,Keat六、现实主义时期文学（19世纪30年代-1918）（维多利亚时代1832-1901）•罗伯特·布朗宁RobertBrowning戏剧独白《皮帕走过了》（PippaPae）《指环与书》（TheRingandtheBook）•阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生AlfredTennyon《悼念》（InMemoriamA.H.H）勃朗特三姐妹•夏洛蒂·勃朗特CharlotteBronte《简·爱》（JaneEyre）•艾米丽·勃朗特EmilyBronte《呼啸山庄》（WutheringHeight)•安妮·勃朗特AnneBronte《阿格尼斯·格雷》（AgneGrey）。
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刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二）
I.Fill in the blanks
1.Two English poets,_____and_____published a book of poems Lyrical Ballads.【答案】William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge
【解析】1798年，华兹华斯和柯勒律治联合出版了《抒情歌谣集》，标志着英国浪漫主义的诞生。
2.Samson Agonistes was written by_____.
【答案】John Milton
【解析】《力士参孙》是英国作家John Milton的一部悲剧。
3.Of the four novels that Charlotte Brontëwrote,_____has achieved lasting fame.【答案】Jane Eyre
【解析】在夏洛特·勃朗特所写的四部小说中，《简·爱》获得了持久的名声。
4.Through the military life experience of Guy,and disillusionment of his dream of elimination of the evils through just wars,Evelyn Waugh explores in his work, _____,the nature of war.
【答案】Unconditional Surrender
【解析】伊夫林·沃在小说《无条件投降》（Unconditional Surrender）写到，盖伊希望通过战争消除罪恶的梦想最终破灭，从而以此来探索自己对战争本质的认识。
5.The famous English critic Mathew Arnold called the18th century in Britain“an age of prose”.In this period,no novelists were as popular and well known as _____.
【答案】Daniel Defoe
【解析】18世纪是英国小说兴起的时代，这一时期最著名的小说家是丹尼尔·笛福，他的代表作是《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
6.The English Renaissance is a period during which_____introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.
【答案】Thomas Wyatt
【解析】在英国文艺复兴时期，Thomas Wyatt把彼得拉克式十四行诗引入英国。
7.Tess is seduced by a squire named Alec before she marries the clergyman’s son named_____.
【答案】Angel Clare
【解析】《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝在未嫁给安吉尔·克莱尔之前被埃里克诱奸，产下一子，幼儿不久便夭折。
8.“Wherefore,Bees of England,forge/Many a weapon,chain,and scourge,/That these stingless drones may spoil/The forced produce of your toil?”
In the above quotation taken from Shelley’s poem“A Song:Men of England”,
what does the word“bees”refer to?
A.ruling class in human society
B.the laboring people in England
C.English youth
D.wives of the workers in England
【答案】B
【解析】“英格兰的工蜂”指的是广大劳动人民。
该段诗歌的译文为：凭什么，英格兰的工蜂，要制作/那么多的武器，锁链和刑具，/使不能自卫的寄生雄蜂竟能掠夺/用你们强制劳动创造的财富？
9.After the_____Conquest,feudal system was established in English society.
【答案】Norman
【解析】诺曼征服后英国封建主义制度建立。
10.In The Canterbury Tales,from the character of_____,we may see a very vivid
sketch of a woman of the middle class,and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s own day.
【答案】the Wife of Bath
【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》中，乔叟通过对来自中产阶级的巴斯夫人的生动细腻的描写，展示了当时中产阶级多彩的生活画卷。
II.Multiple Choice
1.Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele are famous English essayists.They developed a new type of English writing,periodic essays.They often publish their writings in a journal which is called_____.
A.The Guardian
B.The Atlantic
C.New Yorker
D.The Spectator
【答案】D
【解析】约瑟夫·艾迪生和他的好朋友理查德·斯蒂尔是18世纪初期英国两位著名的办期刊的散文家，他们共同创办了两份著名的杂志：The Tatler（《闲谈者》）和The Spectator （《旁观者》）。
The Guardian（《卫报》）是英国的全国性综合内容日报，创刊于1959年，因总部设于曼彻斯特而称为《曼彻斯特卫报》。
The Atlantic（《大西洋月刊》）和New Yorker（《纽约客》）都是美国很有影响的报刊。
2.All the following novels are written by the Bronte sisters except_____.
A.Jane Eyre
B.Wuthering Heights
C.Emma
D.Professor
【答案】C
【解析】Emma（《爱玛》）是Jane Austen（简·奥斯汀）的作品，Jane Eyre（《简爱》）和Professor（《教授》）都是Charlotte Bronte（夏洛蒂·勃朗特）的作品，Wuthering
Heights（《呼啸山庄》）是Emily Bronte（艾米丽·勃朗特）的作品。
3.In1066,_____,with his Norman army,succeeded in invading and defeating England.
A.William the Conqueror
B.Julius Caesar
C.Alfred the Great
D.Claudius
【答案】A
【解析】1066年征服者威廉率领他的诺曼底军队打败英军成为英伦三岛的统治者。
4.“Liberty,Fraternity and Equality”were first uttered in the book_____.
A.The Shepherd’s Calendar
B.Utopia
C.The Rights of Man
D.The Declaration of Independence
【答案】B
【解析】“乌托邦”是人类思想意识中最美好的社会：美好、人人平等、没有压迫、就像世外桃源。
5._____founded a new school of poetry by the name of metaphysical school.
A.John Smith
B.John Bunyan
C.John Milton
D.John Donne
【答案】D
【解析】John Donne是17世纪玄学派诗人的重要代表人物，Ben Johnson是与莎翁同时代的剧作家，John Milton，John Bunyan虽都是17世纪著名作家，但作品风格与玄学派大相径庭。
6.The lines“At once a voice arose among/The bleak twigs overhead/In a full-hearted evensong/of joy illimited”are depicting_____.
A.thrush
B.nightingale
C.reaper
rk
【答案】A
【解析】题目中所选的是Thomas Hardy（托马斯·哈代）的The Darkling Thrush(《暗夜里的画眉》)中的几行诗。
节译如下：霎时间一个声音，/从头顶稀疏的枝条间响起/衷心的晚祷，/充满无边的欢乐。
7.“History of the French Revolution”is written by_____.
A.John Ruskin
B.Charles Dickens。