LECTURE 3 CULTURE & ETHICS
lecture 文化与翻译(与“文化”有关文档共26张)
盘古、女娲、秀才、八股文、太极拳 between:
ive voice and passive voice ,
etc.
2、相同词语在文化内涵上的差别（cultural Ecology Culture生态文化
语言文字当中，处处都打有文化的烙印(language bear a marked brand of culture)，语言活动过程中，时时可觅见文化的踪迹(trails of
那一本为书 精的神作的白者，似一（乎为没物反有质自的动己；的、观点丧，书中事都是）人云-亦--云-、--鹦w鹉学h舌it的e东西(p。 ure/honorable)
黄(皇帝、色情)---yellow (cowardly/envious)
第7页，共26页。
（二）语法中的文化
Refer to linguistic differences discussed last semester and last class.
to have fully-grown bamboo in his bosom The difference of thinking habits between British and Chinese brings about the syntactic differences, to be specific, that is, the difference
第16页，共26页。
有些词语既有指称意义，也有蕴涵意义 (connotation/figurative meaning)。汉语 和英语的指称意义和蕴涵意义均相同。
1. 他是只狡猾的狐狸。 The wine in his stomach turned into sour vinegar.
可是我们已说到故事的后面去了。 “顺向思维” 与 “逆向思维(converse/reverse thinking)”
大学英语中西方文化第三讲
04
Social Etiquette in Eastern and Western
Cultures
Table Etiquette
Table etiquette in the East
Respect for Elders, priority seating, and public behavior during meals
Discipline
The practice of self-control and self-regulation through the establishment of regular habits and routines Discipline is associated with personal development, success, and achievement
Cultures • Social Etiquette in Eastern
and Western Cultures
目录
• Art and Literature in Eastern and Western Cultures
• The Education System in Eastern and Western Cultures
• Religious Beliefs in Eastern and Western Cultures
目录
01
Introduction
Theme Introduction
Theme
The comparison and contrast of Chinese and Western culture
Festival customs
要点一
Festival customs in the East
Lecture 3
Language: the Difficulties
• Who knows?
They mean the same.
• Fat Chance v.s. Slim Chance mean the opposite. They • Wise Man v.s. Wise Guy
Language: the Difficulties
Language: Is it only a tool?
Situations at Home:
Mandarin vs. Cantonese
Mandarin in mainland vs. Mandarin in Taiwan
Language: Is it only a tool?
Mandarin vs Cantonese
Southern Medical University
Warm Up
Page 118. Actually, this is a famous quote from George Berkeley (1685-1753), an Irish philosopher.
Here it seems to be almost impossible for us to translate the dialogues into Chinese and render them as humorous as the original. Things like puns defy translation across languages.
Language can also be a source of discrimination.
• Racial and Ethnic Discrimination • Some words have more than one meaning and create negative images, such as “blackhearted” or “a black mark on your record.” • Negative words can also become associated with groups, such as referring to Native Americans as “savages.”
English+Speaking+Countries+Culture+-+Lecture+3
There are currently over 100 Universities in the UK and most of the main newspapers have league tables on the best performing institutions. In the 2010 Times league table, Oxford was top with Cambridge second. Most of the bigger Universities especially Oxford and Cambridge are made up of several different colleges. Each one is made up with over thirty colleges. Today, one in three young British people are University educated whilst in the 1980s it was one in six. Before 1998, students did not have to pay tuition but today students/parents have to pay a fee.
As mentioned before, State secondary schools are for ages 11 to 16 but independent schools are from 13 to 16. At the end of secondary school, all students will take their GCSE’s (General Certificate of Secondary Education). Each student will take around 9 or 10 exams on the subjects they had studied since they were 14. Grades A to C are pass, D, E, F, G and U are fails.
Unit3DiverseCultures知识点讲解高中英语人教版必修第三册
25. no way 不行 没门 不可能 26.lie in 位于…；存在于… 27.open up 开张 打开 28.. if so 如果这样子 if ever如果曾经有过
25
语法点
1.which引导非限制性定语从句 定义：which代表前面提到的指物的名词或者整个句子 的意思 eg， He failed to pass the exam, which made him disappointed.
8
7. head to/for(朝……)前进；(向……)去 head for/towards朝……前进 head back to回到…… head north/south朝北/南走 raise one's head抬头 shake/nod one's head摇头/点头 keep one's head保持冷静
6
5. select vt.挑选；选择；选拔 select...as/to be... 挑选……作为…… select sb to do sth 挑选某人做某事 select...for... 为……挑选……
7
6.in addition另外；除此之外；并且；况且 in addition to＝besides(介词)除……之外(还有，也) in addition＝besides(副词)＝what’s more，通常用逗号 与后面的部分隔开。 in addition to中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要 用动名词形式。
12
4.history--(adj.) historic/historical--(n.) historian历史-历史的--历史人物 5, immigrate--(n.) immigration移居--(n.) immigrant移 民；外侨 6, occur--(过去式) occurred--(过去分词) occurred--(n.) occurrence 发生；出现；事件
Lecture 3 长难句分析(专题一)三大从句汇编
1. 定义： 在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从 句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词（antecedent）。
3. 关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词
关系代词：Who, whom, whose, which, that等
Rule
Suggestion Thought Truth
Doubt
Possibility Statement Information Rumor
Discovery Idea
Order
He expressed the hope that he would come
over to visit China again. 他表示希望再到中
长难句分析专题一三大从句英语三大从句?名词性从句宾语从句主语从句表语从句和同位语从句?形容词性从句定语从句形容词性从句定语从句?副词性从句状语从句时间地点原因结果让步目的条件转折方式比较一名词性从句主宾表同位语p43?将陈述句一般疑问句或特殊疑问句当成名词充当句中的主语宾语表语或同位语成分即构成了句词性从句
• What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition --- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
• 奇怪的是，他们可能从雄心壮志中获益的也最多 ——如果这些雄心壮志不是他们自己的，至少也 是他们父母的和祖辈的。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.
人教版高一英语必修三 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures (3)
Read the dialogues and find the words that haቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe been omitted.
A: (It) Looks like rain. B: Oh, I hope (it does) not (rain). A: Why (do you hope it doesn’t rain)? B: We have a soccer game today, (do you) remember? A: Do we (have a soccer game today)? Where (will it be)? B: (It will be) In the bigger playground!
A: I’m hungry. B: Are you (hungry)? A: Yeah. (I) Didn’t have lunch today. B: (Do you) Want some sandwiches? A: Are there any? B: Yeah. (I’ve) Just made some.
B: Exactly.
Exactly, (it’s the food of many different cultures and they are all in one dish).
Ellipsis in simple sentences.
• (There is) A real mix of cultures here! • (I) Can’t wait (to go there)! • Are you (hungry)? • (I’ve) just made some. • Where (will it be)?
Read Li Lan’s travel journal and find the words that have been omitted.
Lecture 3：Unit 2(1)
13
Warm up (P. 38)
Question 1 Suppose the guests were from China, and it seems that at least b, d, f and g may be considered as impolite. If the guests were from some other culture, the answer might be different. Question 2 The cultural backgrounds of the host and his guests are totally different. Both the host and the guests have not developed intercultural awareness, and they do not have adequate communication skills in an intercultural 14 setting.
3
Economic challenges
Environmental challenges Cultural challenges
Economic challenges Success in the global market requires to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures. Environmental challenges All human beings must work togather to solve the serious environment issues or face Cultural challenges momon diaster. Global instability stems from clashes across cultures are far worse than natural catastrophes (大灾难).
托福听力tpo41 lecture1、2、3、4 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo41lecture1、2、3、4原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (2)原文 (2)题目 (4)答案 (5)译文 (6)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (12)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (16)答案 (18)译文 (18)Lecture4 (20)原文 (20)题目 (22)答案 (24)译文 (24)Lecture1原文FEMALE PROFESSOR:Many organisms have developed the ability to survive in harsh environmental conditions—extreme heat or cold,or,very dry conditions....Like, plants in the desert—your textbook doesn’t have much about the specifics on desert plants,but I think that desert plants are great examples of specialized adaptations to extreme environmental conditions.So with desert plants,there are basically three different adaptive strategies.And I should point out that these strategies are not specific to any particular species—many different species have developed each of the adaptations.So,first off,there are succulent plants.There are many different species of succulent plants,but they all can absorb and store a lot of water.Obviously,opportunities to get water in the desert are few and far between.Generally,rains are light and short,so the rain doesn’t seep too far down into the soil…and there's a limited window of time for any plant to get the water before it evaporates.But succulent plants have a spread-out and shallow root system that can quickly pull in water from the top inch of soil,though the soil has to be saturated,since succulents aren't good at absorbing water from soil that’s only a little moist.Succulent plants also are well suited to retaining water—important in an environment where rainy days are rare.Succulent plants can store water in their leaves,in their stems,or in their roots.And to keep that moisture from evaporating in the hot desert sun,most succulent plants have a waxy outer layer that makes them almost waterproof when their stomates are closed.They also preserve water by minimizing their surface area—the more of the plantthat’s out in the sun,the more potential there is to lose stored-up water—and that means that most succulent plants have few,if any,leaves.Now besides succulent plants,there are also drought-tolerant plants. Drought-tolerant plants are like bears in a way.You know how bears mostly sleep through the winter?They can survive without eating because their metabolism slows down.Well,drought-tolerant plants also go into a dormant state when resources—in their case,water—runs short.A drought-tolerant plant can actually dry out without dying.I said before that most desert rains are light and brief,but occasionally there's a heavy one.Drought-tolerant plants revive after one of these significant rainfalls—and they're able to absorb a good bit of the rainfall due to their deep roots.Actually the root system for drought-tolerant plants is more extensive than the root systems of many plants that live in wetter climates.Drought-tolerant plants can even absorb water from relatively dry soil because of their deep roots,in contrast to succulent plants.The third adaptive strategy is to avoid the drought conditions altogether.Yes,there are plants that do this—annual plants.An annual plant will mature and produce seeds in a single season that will become the next generation of annual plants.In desert conditions,annual plants grow in the fall or spring to avoid the heat of summer and the cold of winter.Of course,these plants could face a serious problem if a particular fall or spring happened to be very dry—they would have difficulty growing and could die before producing seeds.But they have a mechanism to prevent one year of low rainfall from wiping them out. Not all seeds an annual plant puts out will grow the following year.Some seeds remain dormant in the ground for several years.It's a type of insurance that protects the annual plants from a season of poor growing conditions,of unfavorable weather.题目1.What is the lecture mainly about?A.The growth rates of plants in different geographical regionsB.Different ways that plants have adapted to desert environmentsC.The different mechanisms that plant roots use to absorb waterD.Different kinds of succulent plants2.What are two features of succulent plants that help them survive in deserts?[Click on2answers.]A.Succulent plants store water in their leaves and stems.B.Succulent plants become dormant until the next rainfall.C.Succulent plants have short stems.D.Succulent plants have few leaves.3.Why does the professor mention bears?A.To remind students of information from a previous lectureB.To point out a feature common to all desert plantsC.To reinforce a point about drought-tolerant plantsD.To help students understand the concept of adaptation4.What is one ability that drought-tolerant plants have that succulent plants do not have?A.The ability to absorb water from dry soilB.The ability to absorb water through their leavesC.The ability to prevent moisture from being lost through their leavesD.The ability to shed leaves5.Why can annual plants grow in a desert even after a year of no rainfall?A.Annual plants have an extensive root system that can absorb water from far away.B.Annual plants produce seeds all year long.C.Seeds of annual plants can store water for a long time.D.Seeds of annual plants can survive in the ground for a long time without water.5.Listen again to part of the lecture.Then,answer the question.(PROFESSOR)The third adaptive strategy is to avoid the drought conditions altogether.Yes,there are plants that do this.Why does the professor say this: (PROFESSOR)Yes,there are plants that do this.A.To correct a previous statementB.To acknowledge a potentially surprising factC.To anticipate the types of questions that students might have about the topicD.To make sure that students are paying attention答案B ADC AD B译文教授：许多生物已经发展了在恶劣环境中生存的能力：酷热、严寒，或者非常干燥的环境。
文化._Culture
• Jargon and special ways of expressing one’s self to indicate membership in the organization
THE CULTURAL WEB
PARADIGM
pattern or model – of the work environment
Types of Organisational Culture
• TYPES OF CULTURE
• There seem to be four major typologies of culture. • Each typology can be good and effective depending upon circumstances,
• Power is wielded by individuals at the centre (e.g., well-established entrepreneurial companies or a political party); decisions are easy but may not be right.
• Organisational Culture
• A common perception held by the organisation’s members; a system of shared meaning
• Seven primary characteristics
1. Innovation and risk taking 2. Attention to detail 3. Outcome orientation 4. People orientation 5. Team orientation 6. Aggressiveness 7. Stability
英译汉 Lecture 3
A. TL-oriented B. SL-oriented
domestication foreignization
1. Domestication
A term used by Venuti to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopt to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers(归化翻译法旨在尽量减少译文 中的异国情调，为目的语读者提供一种自然流畅 的 译 文 ). According to Venuti, this strategy “leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible, and moves the author towards him(尽量不干扰读 者，请作者向读者靠近)”.
过奖了！ 哪里哪里！ 岂敢，岂敢！
Versions 2 are often used to show one’s politeness rather than real modesty. However, “You flatter me” in English is often used when one feels he is really overestimated, and has been asked or expected to do something really beyond him. So it is an indirect refusal or denial.
6. I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.
新标准大学英语视听说教程3全版答案
新标准大学英语视听说教程3全版答案Unit 1Part I1. b) To explore the rich history and culture of the town.2. c) It is located near a popular National Park.3. a) Being exposed to a diverse range of music.4. b) Encourage students to express their own opinions.5. c) Enhancing the overall learning experience.6. b) Enhancing students' listening skills in real-life situations.7. c) To improve your listening and speaking skills in the shortest time possible.8. a) Enhance their overall language proficiency.9. b) Practice listening and speaking skills through interactive exercises.10. c) Students will be provided with more opportunities to practice listening and speaking.Part IISection A11. B. They find it more accessible and convenient.12. C. They can manage their own time and schedule effectively.13. C. It provides various resources for different subjects.14. B. To offer widespread access to educational materials.15. A. Some students struggle to adjust to the independence and self-discipline required.16. C. Online courses offer a flexible learning environment.17. B. Students need to be self-motivated to succeed in online courses.18. A. It allows students to learn at their own pace.19. C. The tutor is responsible for guiding and assisting students throughout the course.20. B. Online courses provide a range of multimedia resources for different learning styles.Section B21. C. By creating interactive and engaging learning materials.22. A. To make learning more enjoyable and effective.23. B. They allow students to visualize abstract concepts and ideas.24. D. By incorporating educational games and simulations.25. A. Online platforms provide a space for collaborative learning.26. B. Technology enhances the learning experience for students.27. C. It provides students with immediate feedback on their progress.28. D. By offering personalized learning pathways for each student.29. A. Multimedia resources improve students' retention and understanding of content.30. B. By incorporating real-life examples and case studies into the curriculum.Section C31. B. It allows students to develop social and emotional skills.32. C. By providing opportunities for teamwork and cooperation.33. D. It promotes a sense of belonging and community among students.34. A. Extracurricular activities help students develop leadership skills.35. C. It encourages students to explore their interests and passions.36. B. By organizing cultural exchange programs and events.37. D. Extracurricular activities provide a break from academic pressures.38. A. It helps students develop time management and organizational skills.39. C. By providing opportunities for students to take on responsibilities.40. B. Extracurricular activities contribute to the holistic development of students.Unit 2Part I1. B. They facilitate effective communication between team members.2. A. To ensure everyone understands their responsibilities and tasks.3. C. It helps prevent misunderstandings and conflicts within the team.4. A. By setting clear expectations and goals for the team.5. B. It encourages open and honest communication among team members.6. C. To promote collaboration and mutual support within the team.7. B. Teams are more likely to achieve their goals when members trust and support each other.8. C. They allow teams to reflect on their performance and make necessary improvements.9. A. By recognizing individual contributions and achievements.10. B. Feedback should focus on both positive aspects and areas for improvement.Part IISection A11. B. It allows individuals to express themselves freely.12. C. It encourages divergent thinking and creativity.13. A. The fear of being criticized or judged by others.14. B. To explore new ideas and possibilities.15. C. It promotes a positive and inclusive learning environment.16. B. It can hinder personal and professional growth.17. A. By providing constructive feedback and support.18. C. They can provide valuable insights and perspectives.19. B. It contributes to the overall success and innovation of a group.20. A. By fostering a culture of open-mindedness and respect.Section B21. B. Empathy plays a crucial role in developing strong interpersonal relationships.22. A. To better understand and connect with others.23. C. It helps individuals navigate conflicts and resolve issues effectively.24. B. Empathy enhances communication and collaboration within a team.25. A. It allows individuals to consider different perspectives and viewpoints.26. C. They can better support and assist those in need.27. B. Empathy promotes a sense of belonging and community.28. A. By actively listening and showing genuine interest in others.29. C. It involves putting oneself in another person's shoes.30. B. Empathy can be developed and nurtured through practice and reflection.Section C31. C. Effective communication is vital for building and maintaining relationships.32. B. It helps individuals express their thoughts, ideas, and emotions.33. D. It ensures that messages are accurately understood and interpreted.34. A. By practicing active listening and paying attention to non-verbal cues.35. B. Effective communication fosters trust and mutual respect.36. C. It promotes positive interactions and reduces conflicts.37. D. Feedback should be specific, constructive, and non-judgmental.38. A. It is important to choose the appropriate medium for communication.39. C. By asking open-ended questions and encouraging dialogue.40. B. Effective communication requires both speaking and listening skills.Unit 3Part I1. B. To provide an overview of the topics that will be covered in the lecture.2. A. To introduce the main focus or argument of the lecture.3. C. The speaker will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different methods.4. B. To explain the reasons behind a particular phenomenon or event.5. A. The speaker will analyze a historical event or period in detail.6. B. To discuss the implications and potential solutions to a problem.7. C. The speaker will provide examples to support their main points.8. A. To emphasize the importance or significance of a particular concept.9. B. To describe a process or step-by-step procedure.10. A. The speaker will compare and contrast different theories or viewpoints.Part IISection A11. B. It promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills.12. C. Inquiry-based learning encourages exploration and discovery.13. A. It allows students to apply knowledge in real-life situations.14. B. The flipped classroom model enhances student engagement and participation.15. A. It encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning.16. C. Active learning promotes deeper understanding and long-term retention of information.17. B. It fosters collaborative learning and teamwork among students.18. A. By providing opportunities for students to ask questions and seek clarification.19. C. It prepares students for the challenges of the modern workforce.20. B. The teacher's role shifts from being a lecturer to a facilitator and guide.Section B21. C. It allows students to learn at their own pace and style.22. A. Personalized learning caters to individual strengths and weaknesses.23. B. It promotes student ownership and autonomy in the learning process.24. D. By leveraging technology to tailor instruction to individual needs.25. A. Personalized learning provides immediate feedback on student progress.26. B. It encourages students to set their own learning goals and monitor their progress.27. C. It enables students to explore their own interests and passions.28. D. By offering a wide range of resources and learning materials.29. A. Personalized learning adapts to students' unique learning preferences.30. B. It fosters a positive and inclusive learning environment.Section C31. B. It encourages students to think critically and creatively.32. C. By promoting problem-solving and analytical skills.33. D. Creative thinking allows individuals to generate innovative ideas and solutions.34. A. It fosters a sense of curiosity and exploration.35. C. Creative thinkers are more adaptable and resilient in the face of challenges.36. B. By encouraging brainstorming and divergent thinking.37. D. Creative thinking leads to new discoveries and breakthroughs.38. A. It helps individuals approach tasks and problems from different perspectives.39. C. By providing opportunities for self-expression and originality.40. B. Creative thinking is a valuable skill in both personal and professional contexts.Overall, the New Standard College English Listening, Speaking, and Pronunciation Course 3 provides comprehensive materials for students to enhance their language proficiency. The course covers various topics andsubjects, incorporating interactive exercises to practice listening and speaking skills. Additionally, the course emphasizes the importance of effective communication, critical thinking, and creativity, empowering students to become well-rounded individuals in both academic and professional settings.。
欧洲文化入门Europe Culture3 The Middle Ages
very few peasants were freemen---workers (made ploughs, shod the horses, and made harnnesses) In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as reward for their service.
Kings, nobles and church officials worked together to rule the people.
Clergymen were the only teachers, as they were the best-educated men in their day.
b) Church Fathers and Early Monasticism
St. Jerome
Augustine of Hippo
St. Benedict Benedictine Rule
c) the power and influence of the Catholic Church
under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy, lords and peasants.
Manor and Church
1. Feudalism
Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding---a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.
1《口译》课件--Lecture 3--熊萍萍
E
C
Checking the Previewing (3)
• I‟d like to have a 7 o‟clock morning call, breakfast sent up to my room, laundry done, some documents photocopied, an express mail sent out, and something like that. • 我要早上7点钟叫醒，早餐送到我房间，衣服要洗熨，文件 要复印，邮件要快递，诸如此类的事情需要服务。 • 我在你们的酒店预定了一间双人间，有确认函。 • I have made a reservation for a double room with your hotel. And here‟s the confirmation letter. • 提前10天预定房间可以享受8折优惠价。 • You will have a good rate with 20% off when you make a reservation 10 days in advance. • 我们有许多现代化的健身设备可满足客人的不同需求。 • We have many modern fitness facilities catering to the different needs of our guests.
美国第四大投资银行雷曼兄弟公司宣布破产而美国第三大投资银行美林公司则被美国银行收购这些都引发了投资者的强烈担忧全球主要股市因此纷纷大跌
Interpreting Course
Lecture 3
Ⅰ. Active Listening (2) Ⅱ. Interpreting for Reception Service (2)
lecture 3 2006.9.20
Edward Sapir(1921:8)
——a purely human and non-instructive method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols
David Crystal (1989:125)
human vocal noise used systematically and conventionally by a community for purposes of communication
R.H.Robins(1990:12)
a form of human communication by means of a system of symbols principally transmitted by vocal sounds.
•
•
• • • • •
F. de Saussure: langue/parole/ language in common/ individual utterance. N. Chomsky: limited sentences/ unlimited utterances / ability to understand and create sentence that has not been heard. e.g. “My nose is running. It runs constantly.” look out →outlook take off→off take take in→intake weakpoint→The point is weak.
Questions:
人教版高中英语必修第三册精品课件 Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Section Ⅰ
Valley,Li Lan took a tour of San Francisco,which rebuilt 2.
occurred
walked around the Mission District,4.
after the earthquake that 3.
she looked at the street art
/əd̍mIt/vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)
definitely /̍defInətli/adv.肯定;确实
10.
/̍fɔːtʃuːn/n.机会;运气
11.
occur
12.
downtown
/̩daʊn̍taʊn/adv.在市中心;往市中心
13.
mission
/̍mIʃn/n.传教(区);重要任务;使命
to go
is planning 10.
(go) to a jazz bar in the Richmond District.
阅读鉴赏 一起思考
1.explore the diverse cultures of the world(page 25)
探索世界的多元文化
★diverse adj.不同的;多种多样的
—Yes,fortunately no one was hurt.词性 副词 含义 幸运地
⑥He unfortunately passed away last year due to his cancer.
词性 副词 含义 不幸地
说一说·勤归纳
【即学即用】
句型转换
(1)He had the fortune to get the chance to have a trip abroad.
高中英语人教版Unit3Divserseculture第二课时readingandthinking课
So much ,bye!
18
___m__o__r_e__t_h_i_n_g_s__a__b_o_u__t_C__a_l_i．fornia
7
Discussion
Which place in San Francisco would you like to visit? List your reasons. The local museum. Because many Chinese people did tough work in California at that time, they can teach us to value the current happy life in our own motherland; meanwhile, the museum also shows that the local people don’t forget the contributions made by immigrants.
5
Skimming for main ideas
Skimming for main ideas Find out the main idea of the passage.
_A_b_r_ie_f_in_t_r_od_u_c_t_io_n_t_o_C_a_li_fo_r_n_ia_.___________
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4. Another highly anticipated film, The Captain, __e_a_rn_e_d__(赚钱）194 million yuan to occupy second place on the box office charts.
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5.From the beginning, Buffett made his ____f_o_rt_un_e___(财运；财）from investing. 6.I’m ___d_e_f_in_i_te_l_y_(一定）going to get in touch with these people.
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folkways
- the routine conventions of everyday life mores - norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life
4
Hinduism
practiced
primarily on the Indian sub-continent focuses on the importance of achieving spiritual growth and development, which may require material and physical self-denial Hindus are valued by their spiritual rather than material achievements promotion and adding new responsibilities may not be important, or may be infeasible due to the employee's caste
13
What Is Buddhism?
Buddhism
has
about 350 millions followers stresses spiritual growth and the afterlife, rather than achievement while in this world does not emphasize wealth creation entrepreneurial behavior is not stressed does not support the caste system, individuals do have some mobility and can work with individuals from diffe, might also suppress individual creativity and initiative
9
How Do Religious And Ethical Systems Differ?
Religion is a system of shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred Religion and ethics are often closely intertwined Four religions dominate society
10
What Is Christianity?
Christianity
the
world’s largest religion found throughout Europe, the Americas, and other countries settled by Europeans the Protestant work ethic (Max Weber, 1804)
How Are Culture, Society, And The Nation-State Related?
The
relationship between a society and a nation state is not strictly oneto-one Nation-states are political creations can contain one or more cultures A culture can embrace several nations
1. 2. 3. 4.
Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism
Confucianism is also important in influencing behavior and culture in many parts of Asia Ethical systems are a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior
Society
refers to a group of people who share a common set of values and norms
3
What Are Values And Norms?
Values provide the context within which a society’s norms are established and justified and form the bedrock of a culture Norms include
5
What Are The Determinants Of Culture?
The values and norms of a culture evolve over time Determinants include
religion political
and economic philosophies education language social structure
people must take care of that which they have been entrusted with
supportive of business, but the way business is practiced is prescribed
12
What Is Hinduism?
Differences in Culture & Ethics in International Business LECTURE 3
1
What Is Cross-Cultural Literacy?
Cross-cultural
literacy is an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced A relationship may exist between culture and the costs of doing business in a country or region
2
What Is Culture?
Culture is a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living where values - ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable norms are the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior
14
What Is Confucianism?
Confucianism
ideology
practiced mainly in China teaches the importance of attaining personal salvation through right action high morals, ethical conduct, and loyalty to others are stressed three key teachings of Confucianism - loyalty, reciprocal obligations, and honesty - may all lead to a lowering of the cost of doing business in Confucian societies
8
How Are Individuals And Groups Different?
In many Asian societies, the group is the primary unit of social organization
discourages
job switching between firms encourages lifetime employment systems leads to cooperation in solving business problems
hard work, wealth creation, and frugality is the driving force of capitalism
11
What Is Islam?
Islam
the world’s second largest religion extends the underlying roots of Christianity to an all-embracing way of life that governs one's being Islamic fundamentalism is associated in the Western media with militants, terrorists, and violent upheavals, but in fact Islam teaches peace, justice, and tolerance fundamentalists, who demand rigid commitment to religious beliefs and rituals, have gained political power in many Muslim countries, and blame the West for many social problems people do not own property, but only act as stewards for God