英语语法总结：宾语从句

英语语法总结：宾语从句

考察的三个要点：语序，时态，关联词。

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

2.构成：关联词+简单句。

3宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。(who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序)

4宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有

that(that在口语中常省略)。 whether，if，和连接代词what，which， who， whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。

He knew(that) he should study hard.

他知道他应该努力学习。

Can you tell me which class you are in?

您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗?

He asked me if he could come in，

他问我他是否能进来。

5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词that.如：一般那情况下能够省略。

He told us that he felt ill.

I know he has returned.

注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都能够省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.

(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that 不能省略。)

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)

我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

(2)从属连词if/whether.如：

I doubt whether he will succeed.

I don’t know if you can help me.

(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，

whichever

连接副词 where，when，how，why.

Who or what he was，Martin never learned.

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.

注意

1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

He has made it clear that he will not give in.

2.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分

词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。

I am not sure what I ought to do.

I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.

I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

3.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句能够互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，

if一般不与or not连用。如：

I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较：

Please let me know if you want to go.

Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。