上海财经大学考博真题集
上海财经大学考博真题集
考博详解与指导上海财经大学博士研究生入学考试参考书目2001马克思主义哲学原理与现时代：《马克思主义哲学原理》(上、下册)肖前等，中国人民大学出版社;《辩证唯物主义原理》肖前，人民出版社;《历史唯物主义原理》肖前，人民出版社。
2002经济学一：不列参考书目。
试题侧重于基本概念、理论及其应用，可根据考试大纲进行复习。
2003经济学二：不列参考书目。
试题侧重于基本概念、理论及其应用，可根据考试大纲进行复习。
2004马克思主义原理：《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》，《马克思恩格斯文集》第一卷;《共产党宣言》，《马克思恩格斯文集》第二卷;《<政治经济学批判>序言》，《马克思恩格斯文集》第二卷。
2005管理学：《管理学》(第9版)Stephen P.Robbins、Mary Coulter，清华大学出版社(2009年)(清华管理学系列英文版教材);《管理学》(第九版)斯蒂芬.P.罗宾斯，中国人民大学出版社(2009年);《系统工程》汪应络主编，机械工业出版社(2011年)。
2006高等概率论：《A Probability Path》S.I.Resnick,Birkhäuser,Boston(2005年)。
2007法学与经济学综合(法理、民法和微观经济学，其中微观经济学占30%)：《马克思主义法理学》张文显，高等教育出版社(2003年);《法理学》博登海默著，中国政法大学出版社(2004年);《民法总论》龙卫球，中国法制出版社(2002年);《微观经经济学》平狄克、鲁宾费尔德;中国人民大学出版社(2002年)。
2008管理经济学：《管理经济学(第4版修订版)》彼得森、刘易斯，中国人民大学出版社(2010年)。
3001近代西方哲学史：《欧洲哲学通史》冒从虎等编，南开大学出版社(2000年)。
3002经济思想史：《经济思想的成长》(上、下卷)[美]斯皮格尔，中国社会科学出版社(1999年)。
3003中国哲学史：《中国古代哲学的逻辑发展》冯契，华东师范大学出版社(1997年)。
上海财经大学2019年经济学一考博试题回忆版3页word文档
经济学一（2010）1某人的效用函数为5.025.01)5()10()(--=x x x U ，生产商品一（x1）的厂商的成本函数为4005)(2+-=q q q Tc ，A ． 个人的财富为W ，商品的价格分别为P1，P2。
a.求马歇尔函数和间接效用函数 b. 求支出函数B ． 若商品一的市场是完全竞争市场，能否求出长期均衡中每个厂商的产量，若能，求出；若不能，需要满足什么条件才能求出。
C ． 若经济中有100个和某个人效用一样的消费者，每个人的W=1100，求在长期均衡中厂商数量，若能，求出；若不能，需要满足什么条件才能求出。
2小王和小刘进行选择，小王选择L 和R ，小刘选择F 和A ，其中（L ，F ）=（4，3），（R ，F ）=（5，0），（L ，A ）=（0，0），（R ，A ）=（1，1），A ． 若同时选择，且不知道对方如何选择，求博弈策略，求出纳什均衡B ． 若小王先选择，小刘可以观察到小王的行动，求Normal form ，并求纯策略均衡C ． 若小王先选择，小刘以0.5的正确概率观察小王的选择，以0.5的错误观察小王选择，a ， 求博弈的扩展形式（提示，自然先选择）b ， 求序惯均衡3一厂商生产函数为)(1φφαα--=L K L K Y i i i ，i i L K ,分别为私人的资本和劳动投入，L K ,为社会的资本和劳动投入，生产要素报酬取决于私人的边际收益，不变每个厂商的，ii i i L K nL L sY K K Y r ,,==∂∂=&&，求 A ． r 的有关K/L 的表达式B ． 平衡增长路径上的K/L 及r C ． 判断一种观点，储蓄率的提高会增加投资，具有正外部性，抵消资本边际收益递减（记不清了）(罗默教材上的课后习题)4考虑一两国模型（本国和外国），两国都有大量的同质人口，且两国交易单一同种商品，本国和外国代表性人都最大化他的预期终生效用*∞=∞=∑∑t t t t t tLnC E LnC E 0000ββ和，本国和外国的生产函数为αα***==t t t t t t K A Y K A Y 和，A 为技术冲击，都在相同时间内服从独立同分布，行为人都是事先同质的，进而，竞争性均衡的消费者通过解一个等权性的中央计划者问题而被方便地解出。
(NEW)上海财经大学《801经济学》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2007年上海财经大学414经济学考研真题2007年上海财经大学414经济学考研真题及详解2008年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题2008年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2009年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题2009年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2010年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题2010年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2011年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题2011年上海财经大学803经济学考研真题及详解2012年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2012年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2013年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2013年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2014年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2014年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2015年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2015年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2016年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2016年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2017年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2017年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2018年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题2018年上海财经大学801经济学考研真题及详解2007年上海财经大学414经济学考研真题一、判断题（每小题1分，共计20分）1假设消费者的效用函数为U（x1，x2）＝x1x2，当商品价格变化时，价格提供曲线是一条水平直线。
（ ）2显示性偏好弱公理假设消费者的偏好具备传递性特征。
（ ）3当垄断厂商实施一级价格歧视（First-degree Price Discrimination）时，社会福利损失最大。
（ ）4在一个二人博弈中，当一个参与人有占优（Dominate）策略时，该博弈一定有一个纯策略纳什均衡。
（ ）5竞争均衡不一定是帕累托最优的。
（ ）6在完全竞争的市场上，如果P＝MC，且MC曲线向下倾斜，那么企业将实现最小利润。
金融学考博试题
复旦大学20021、分析发达国家设立政策性金融机构的原因和效果。
（20分）2、试从投资成本效应和资产结构调整效应，评述我国最近几年降低利率的效果。
（30分）3、什么叫可维持的国际收支结构，结合它来分析资本账户下货币自由兑换的条件。
（20分）4、全面阐述第一代和第二代货币危机模型，并结合某国实际来比较分析这二代模型的优劣。
（30分）来源:考复旦2010经济学基础1、政治经济学内容：解释一下机器排挤工人的现象（15分）2、政治经济学内容：生产过剩现象是不是市场经济特有的并解释（10分）2、宏观内容：解释一下消费理论，并联系中国现状加以分析（20分）计算题3、索罗增长模型，加入政府因素，政府对产出征税，如果政府是廉洁型的则政府的支出对生产产生作用，如果政府是腐败型的则对产出不产生影响。
（20分）（1）如果政府是腐败型的，求均衡产出均衡税率等（2）如果政府是廉洁型的，求均衡量，。
（忘了）求收敛性的（3）求内生增长条件的4、这题里面有两道题。
一道是公共产品的博弈，私人产品的函数，公共产品的函数，求均纳什均衡解还是占有均衡解的。
第二道是宏观的。
将设一国资本是自由流动的，政府对资本流动征税，如果政府征税的目标是本国居民消费最大化，求政府制定的最优税率并加以解释。
（这道题回忆的应该很全，原题基本是这样语言叙述的。
）5、古诺模型的，两个厂商（1）求古诺均衡解（比较简单）；如果第三个厂商要进入市场，给出了一系列数字，第一个厂商有谈判费用和牌照，（2）求第三厂商进入的话，第一个厂商的对其收取的费用最少为多少；（3）证明当且仅当。
是均衡解。
（20分）以上是我个人回忆的今年复旦大学经济学考博试题。
其中前三道45分，后面五道计算题55分金融学1、比较东南亚金融危机与本次美国金融危机的联系与区别及其特点（25分）2、股票交易有哪两种交易机制并比较这两种机制，我国采取的是哪一种，分析其优缺点。
（25分）3、阐述一下巴拉萨—萨缪尔森定理并分析其对中国人民币汇率改革的选择。
名校经济学考博试题
名校博士生入学考试经济学试题浙江大学——政治经济学2003年春、秋博士研究生入学考试试题2003秋政经简答401. 马克思的劳动分工思想2. 市场经济与商品经济的区别与联系3. 社会资本扩大再生产的核心思想4. 经济增长方式转变过程中的制度因素论述601. 试论述传统社会主义政治经济学的缺陷与改革2. 边际主义价值论与劳动价值论3. 试论述价格双轨制的历史合理性与其局限性2003秋政经1、马克思西方经济学实证分析法比较；2、马克思平均利润规律的现实意义。
3、服务业劳动价值问题。
4、马克思与新制度经济学的制度变迁理论比较，西方经济学1、计算题：宏观两部门2、简答题：－奥肯定理－若伦茨曲线与基尼系数－成本递减行业的长期供给曲线－3、论述题－通货紧缩论－道德风险与逆向选择复旦2001考博经济学基础考题1、马克思关于虚拟经济的论述，并运用这一理论来阐述我国现阶段发展资本市场的意义。
2、委托代理理论，并用这一理论来阐述为什么邮政业要有政府来经营。
3、试论述比较优势，并说明这一理论在新经济条件下的新发展。
4、国民收入函数的计算（也就是Y=C+I+G+E=C+S+T+X）并用以上计算结果解释卢卡斯批判。
复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题——经济学理论基础1、混合产品的均衡分析2、纳什均衡的分析以及重复博弈3、马克思的劳动价值论以及现实意义4、国民收支的简单计算复旦2002考博经济学基础考题1、马克思的股份公司理论2、网络经济条件下信息不对称模型是否有效3、国民收入决定的计算4、凯恩斯的有效需求理论（三个心理假说怎么样决定需求）南京大学2005年理论经济学博士研究生入学试题！南大理论经济学各专业实行统考，并侧重考察考生思维方式和解决问题的能力！政治经济学研究: 共四题每题25分一、论述马克思在《资本论》中关于利息的观点。
二、垄断和反垄断的经济分析。
三、论述价值决定和价值分配的关系，并评论我国目前的分配政策。
上海财大考博经济学试题 +++
经 济 学 试 题（2000年博士研究生入学考试试题）1、假定陈某人一家住公房50平方米。
房改后每月房租每平方米提高了4元，同时他家又从政府领到房改津贴共200元/月。
（1） 请做图并分析住房制度改革对陈某人的各种影响。
（2） 假定社会上很多人的情况与陈某人相似，还有一部分人所住的公房面积比陈某人更大或更小，请作图并分析住房改革制度改革的社会和经济意义。
2、（1）在制定市场的法规和制度时，是否应鼓励竞争？为什么？ （2） 用微观经济学理论和曲线图分析竞争与效率之间的关系。
3、（1）试分析为什么环境保护不能通过市场竞争来解决。
（2）试用微观经济学理论简要分析政府保护环境的几种政策措施。
4、作图并简要分析政府的扩张性财政政策 （1） 在短期中的各种效果 （2） 在长期中的各种效果5、作图并简要分析在一资本高度流动、实行浮动汇率制的开放经济中，中央银行增加货币供应对宏观经济的各种影响。
6、试简要分析宏观经济学理论目前在中国是否有用？ （第3、第6二题各为16份，其余各题均为17分）经 济 学 试 题（2002年10月博士研究生入学考试试题）每题25分 1． 法国经济学家瓦尔拉(L.Walras)最早研究了竞争性市场体系的均衡问题并提出了瓦尔拉法则(Walras ’ Law)。
试证明瓦尔拉法则，并说明瓦尔拉均衡的存在性。
2． 纳什均衡（Nash Equilibrium ）是现代经济学的一个重要概念。
试说明在基本的策略式博弈(Strategic form games)中纳什均衡的概念，以及它在纯策略博弈（pure strategic form games ）和混合策略博弈(mixed strategic form games)中存在的可能性。
3． 在凯恩斯经济理论中,总需求变化是宏观经济波动和失业的主要来源。
但只有在总供给方面存在刚性或劳动市场、商品市场存在不完全竞争、使得总供给不能够灵活地相应变化的时候，总需求的变化才会造成失业。
上海财经大学企业管理博士经济学管理学试题
1、为什么考博
2、未来的研究计划是什么
3、硕士毕业论文介绍一下
2008上海财经大学企业管理专业博士入学考试试题
1、分析企业边界的类型及其与企业战略的关系。
２、试述库存的利弊及其应对策略。
３、分析企业获取竞争优势的途径，企业间组建战略联盟这一途径可以从哪些方面获取竞争优势。
４、为‘企业的社会责任与绩效关系研究’设计一份研究方案。
５、阐述创新和企业家精神的相互关系，以及对强化我国企业管理效果的实践意义。
2009上海财经大学企业管理专业博士入学考试试题
1.出口受阻，两头在外的中国企业如何参与竞争？
2.由于外部因素引起的组织变革，我们应考虑到哪些风险？
3.为适应不确定性的需要，谈谈影响库存的因素？试以以生产企业为例阐述.
4.由于不确定性的需要，那种生产方式（经营方式）的变革是必须的。
5.一个企业既代表一定的经济组织的特征，又带有一定的文化特征。
以一企业为例阐述？。
2017年上海财经大学博士研究生入学考试试卷(专业：马基原理)
2017年上海财经大学博士研究生入学考试试卷
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专业科目：马克思主义原理
1、《关于对费尔巴哈的提纲》的理解和评价
2、结合《共产党宣言》的三个文献和从严治党谈一谈如何坚定共产主义信念。
3、物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。
不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。
社会的物质生产力发展到一定阶段，使同它们一直在其中运动的现存生产关系或财产关系发生矛盾。
于是这些关系便由生产力的发展形势变成生产力的桎梏。
那时社会革命的时代就会到来了。
随着经济基础的变更，全部庞大的上层建筑业也或慢或快地发生变革
（1）请谈一谈这段话出自那篇文章及写作背景
（2）体现了哪些历史唯物主义原理
（3）唯物史观和唯心史观的根本区别和意义。
上海财经大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
上海财经大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析We can make mistakes at any age.Some mistakes we make are aboutmoney.But most mistakes are about people.Did Jerry really care whenI broke up with Helen?When I got that great job,did Jim really feelgood about it,as a friend?Or did he envy my luck?And Paul-why didn'tpick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?When we lookback,doubts like these can make us feel bad.But when we look back,it's too late.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti jiqi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling lingliu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wusan qi.Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies?Sometimeswhat people say hides their real meaning.And if we don't really listenwe miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose someone tells you,You're a lucky dog.That's being friendly.But lucky dog?There's abit of envy in those words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.Butbringing in the dog bit puts you down a little.What he may be sayingis that the doesn't think you deserve your luck.Just think of all the things you have to be thankful foris anothernoise that says one thing and means another.It could mean that thespeaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your lifeas a whole.But is he?Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought thatyour problem isn't important.It's telling you to think of all thestarving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturdaynight.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words?One way is to take a good look at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he looks?Does what he says agree with the tone of voice?His posture（姿态）?The look in his eyes?Stop and think.The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.26.This passage is mainly about.A）how to interpret what people sayB）what to do when you listen to others talkingC）how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with peopleD）Why we go wrong with people sometimes27.According to the author,the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that.A）We fail to listen carefully when they talkB）People tend to be annoyed when we check what they sayC）People usually state one thing but means anotherD）We tend to doubt what our friends say28.In the sentence Maybe he doesn't see it himself.in the second paragraph,the pronoun it refers to.A）being friendly C）lucky dog B）a bit of envy D）your luck29.When we listen to a person talking,the most important thing for us to do is.A）notice the way the person is talkingB）take a good look at the person talkingC）mind his tone,his posture and the look in his eyesD）examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture30.The author most probably is a.A）teacher C）philosopher B）psychologist D）doctor Passage7A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain.To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two,we demand theneedle-a shot of novocaine（奴佛卡因）-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it.This helps us adjust to the world.Without our nerves-and our brain,which is a bundle of nerves-we wouldn't know what's happening. But we pay for our sensitivity.We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body.The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain.Look at the Indian fakir（行僧）who sits on a bed of nails.Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm,and feel no pain.This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.Ifthe dentist says,This will hurt a little,it helps us to accept the pain.By staying relaxed,and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation（感觉）,we can handle the pain without falling apart.After all,although pain is an unpleasant sensation,it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.31.The passage is mainly about.A）how to suffer pain B）how to avoid painC）how to handle pain D）how to stop pain32.The sentence But we pay for our sensitivity.in the second paragraph implies that.A）we should pay a debt for our feelingB）we have to be hurt when we feel somethingC）our pain is worth feelingD）when we feel pain,we are suffering it33.When the author mentions the Indian fakir,he suggests that.A）Indians are not at all afraid of painB）people may be senseless of painC）some people are able to handle painD）fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms34.the most important thing to handle pain is.A）how we look at pain B）to feel pain as much as possible C）to show an interest in pain D）to accept the pain reluctantly35.The author's attitude towards pain is.A）pessimistic B）optimistic C）radical（极端的）D）practicalPassage8Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows.She was their neighbor.Yet none of the32 helped her.Not one even called the police.Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man?Not so,say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane.These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn't act.They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk.Is he having a heart attack?Is he in a coma（昏迷）from diabetes（糖尿病）?Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning?Is itsteam pipes?Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second,and more important,the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible.He must feel that he must help,or the person won't get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around.They had college students in to betested.Some came alone. Some came with one or two others.And some came in large groups.The receptionist started them off on thetests.Then she went into the nextroom.A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went.Soon the students heard a scream,the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help.All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help.Of the students in pairs,only two out of ten helped.Of the students in groups,none helped.In other words,in a group,Americans often fail to act.They feel that others will act.They,themselves,needn't.They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes.Scientists found that the people were emotional,they sweated, they had trembling hands.They felt the other person's trouble.But they did not act.They were in a group.Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.36.The purpose of this passage is.A）to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB）to explain when people wil act in emergenciesC）to explain what people will do in emergenciesD）to explain how people feel in emergencies37.Which of the following is NOT true?A）When a person tries to help others,he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B）When a person tries to help others,he should know whetherhey are worth his help.C）A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D）A person with a heart attack needs the most.38.The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies whenA）they are in pairs B）they are in groupsC）they are alone D）they are with their friends39.The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that.A）they are afraid of emergenciesB）they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC）others will act if they themselves hesitateD）they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help40.The author suggests that.A）we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies B）a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC）people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies D）when you are in trouble,people will help you anywayPassage9People do not analyze every problem they meet.Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.Other timesthey begin to act without thinking;they try to find a solution by trial and error.However,when all these methods fail,the person with a problem has to start analyzing.There are six stages in analyzing a problem.First the person must recognize that there is a problem.For example,Sam's bicycle is broken,and he cannot read it to class as he usually does.Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.Next the thinker must define the problem.Before Sam can repair his bicycle.he must find the reason why it does not work.For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears,the brakes,or the frame.He must make his problem more specific.Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions.For instance,suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels.At this time.he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears.He can talk to his friends at the bike shop.He can look at his gears carefully.after studying the problem,the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.Take Sam as an illustration.His suggestions might be:put oil on the gear wheels;buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way.Sam,forexample,suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum（口香糖）between the gear wheels.He immediately realizes the solution to his problem:he must clean the gear wheels.Finally the solution is tested.Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly.In short,he has solved the problem.41.What is the best title for this passage?A）Six Stages for Repairing Sam's BicycleB）Possible Ways to Problem-solvingC）Necessities of Problem AnalysisD）Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem42.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except.A）recognize and define the problemB）look for information to make the problem clearerC）have suggestions for a possible solutionD）find a solution by trial or mistake43.By referring to Sam's broken bicycle,the author intends to.A）illustrate the ways to repair his bicycleB）discuss the problems of his bicycleC）tell us how to solve a problemD）show us how to analyses a problem44.Which of the following is NOT true?A）People do not analyze the problem they meet.B）People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.C）People may learn from their past experienceD）People can not solve some problems they meet.45.As used in the last sentence,the phrase in short means.A）in the long run B）in detail C）in a word D）in the endPassage10The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living.People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor.Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises,the poverty line does,too.Therefore,even with today's relatively high standard of living,about10percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line.However,if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living.Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing,more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work.Over40percent of the poor people are children.By law,children less than16years old cannot work in many industries.A large number of poor people are old.Many companies do not hire people over65years old,the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons:they are sick,they do not have any motivation（动力）.they have family problems,or they do notbelieve that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one.Many poor adults never went to high school.Therefore,when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time,the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.First,if the national economy grows,businesses and industries hire more workers.Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment.Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second,if society invests in the poor,the poor will become more productive.If the government spends money on social programs, education,and training for poor people,the poor will have the skills to offer.Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally,if the government distributes society's income differently,it raises some poor people above the poverty line.The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor.These payments to the poor are called welfare.In1975over18 million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem.However,at the present time,many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.46.The author's main purpose to write this article isA）to define what the poverty line isB）to explain why some people live the poverty lineC）to find solutions to the problem of povertyD）to show sympathy for those poor people47.Which of the following is NOT true?A）Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B）Poor people are those who love below the poverty line.C）The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D）The poverty line tends to be at the same level.48.More than40percent of the poor people are children.This is mainly because.A）they do not have enough motivationB）they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work C）they fail to get enough educationD）they are very poor in health49.Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because.A）they to not have any motivation to workB）they are not very self-confidentC）they are too young or too old to workD）they have physical and family problems50.We may conclude from the passage that.A）better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found B）welfare will enable people to be richC）poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line if they have chances to do businessD）employment is the best solution to the poverty problem 参考答案Passage61.C2.C3.B4.D5.BPassage71.C2.D3.C4.A5.BPassage81.B2.C3.C4.D5.APassage91.B2.D3.C4.A5.CPassage101.C2.D3.B4.C5.A本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
名校经济学考博试题
名校博士生入学考试经济学试题浙江大学——政治经济学2003年春、秋博士研究生入学考试试题2003秋政经简答401. 马克思的劳动分工思想2. 市场经济与商品经济的区别与联系3. 社会资本扩大再生产的核心思想4. 经济增长方式转变过程中的制度因素论述601. 试论述传统社会主义政治经济学的缺陷与改革2. 边际主义价值论与劳动价值论3. 试论述价格双轨制的历史合理性与其局限性2003秋政经1、马克思西方经济学实证分析法比较；2、马克思平均利润规律的现实意义。
3、服务业劳动价值问题。
4、马克思与新制度经济学的制度变迁理论比较，西方经济学1、计算题：宏观两部门2、简答题：－奥肯定理－若伦茨曲线与基尼系数－成本递减行业的长期供给曲线－3、论述题－通货紧缩论－道德风险与逆向选择复旦2001考博经济学基础考题1、马克思关于虚拟经济的论述，并运用这一理论来阐述我国现阶段发展资本市场的意义。
2、委托代理理论，并用这一理论来阐述为什么邮政业要有政府来经营。
3、试论述比较优势，并说明这一理论在新经济条件下的新发展。
4、国民收入函数的计算（也就是Y=C+I+G+E=C+S+T+X）并用以上计算结果解释卢卡斯批判。
复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题——经济学理论基础1、混合产品的均衡分析2、纳什均衡的分析以及重复博弈3、马克思的劳动价值论以及现实意义4、国民收支的简单计算复旦2002考博经济学基础考题1、马克思的股份公司理论2、网络经济条件下信息不对称模型是否有效3、国民收入决定的计算4、凯恩斯的有效需求理论（三个心理假说怎么样决定需求）南京大学2005年理论经济学博士研究生入学试题！南大理论经济学各专业实行统考，并侧重考察考生思维方式和解决问题的能力！政治经济学研究: 共四题每题25分一、论述马克思在《资本论》中关于利息的观点。
二、垄断和反垄断的经济分析。
三、论述价值决定和价值分配的关系，并评论我国目前的分配政策。
金融学考博国内知名高校试题汇编
金融学考博试题汇编（FOR XBL） 1，金融学博士复旦大学 2002 年考博试题
1、分析发达国家设立政策性金融机构的原因和效果。(20 分) 2、试从投资成本效应和资产结构调整效应，评述我国最近几年降低利率的效果。(30 分) 3、什么叫可维持的国际收支结构，结合它来分析资本账户下货币自由兑换的条件。(20 分) 4、全面阐述第一代和第二代货币危机模型，并结合某国实际来比较分析这二代模型的优劣。(30 分)
7, 中国人民大学商学院 2006 年经济学考博试题
经济学 1、 2、 3、 4、 论述垄断竞争市场的特点及其资源配置 论述熊彼特的周期理论，并分析我国多数产业产能过剩的原因及影响 论述技术变革对生产函数、成本函数的影响，利用微笑利润曲线论述技术变革的作用 论述在市场经济条件下，一国的国际收支能够做到自动调节
16，复旦大学经济学院——经济学基础 2005 年博士研究生入学考试试题
一、问答题（每题 15 分，4 题。共 60 分） 3. 消费者的效用函数为 ,(1)求马歇尔需求函数； （2）求希克斯需求函数； （3）求支出函数； （4）求间接效用函数。 4. 伯兰特均衡 考虑两个厂商生产同质的产品，他们同时决定其产品的价格。市场需求为 。有如下的有效需求原则：消费者首先购买两厂商 中定价低的产品，只有当定价低的产品不能满足消费者的需求之后，消费者才会去购买价高的产品。当厂商的定价相同时， 他们各自分享市场的一半份额。求解下列问题： （1）当两厂商的边际成本分别为： ， 时，求出其均衡解（产量和价格） ，并说明该解是唯一的纳什均衡解。 （2）当两厂商的边际成本分别为： ， 时，求出其均衡解（产量和价格） 。 二、论述题（20 分） 为什么说卢卡斯供给曲线比附加预期的供给曲线提供了更加坚实的微观基础，同时也为菲利普斯曲线的生成提供了一个理想 的解释？
2000-2005年上海财大经济学一考题
上海财经大学历年博士真题经济学试题（一）（上海财经大学博士研究生入学考试试题）（2005年04月）（三道微观经济学题目，两道宏观经济学题目，每题20分，共5题）1.什么是马歇尔需求，希克斯需求，并请用斯卢滋矩阵解释说明。
2.简述利润函数的性质，若生产函数为y=x1αx21-α,求其利润函数并验证利润函数的性质。
3.什么是占优策略，纳什均衡，给定如图的策略，哪些是重复删除占劣策略所不能删除的，求纯策略纳什均衡，混合策略的纳什均衡。
4.关于拉姆齐模型：个人消费为C, 效用为u()，u为凹函数，生产函数F(K, L)为规模报酬不变，资本成本为r, 工资为w, 效用贴现率为β，人口增长率为n, 折旧为δ，请说明修正的黄金率水平，人均资本的变化方程K/L,人均产量的变化方程Y/L,说明趋向C/L，K/L的均衡状态为鞍点路径5.说明价格、工资刚性的模型。
{回忆者留言：就是书中的五个模型，以前曾考过}经济学试题（一）（2004年10月上海财经大学博士研究生入学考试试题）（三道微观经济学题目，两道宏观经济学，每题20分，共5题）1．效用函数u=Ax1α1x2α2 x3α3, α1+α2+α3=1，P=(P1, P2, P3), 求马歇尔需求函数，间接效用函数，希克斯需求函数，支出函数。
2．用埃奇渥斯盒式图说明福利经济学第一、第二定理及其经济含义。
3．证明：在古诺模型中，纳什均衡时的每个厂商生产的产量是市场容量的1/（n+1），给定有n 个厂商。
4．推导IS、LM曲线的斜率，给定的条件有I=I(r,Y), I r<0, I Y>0, 政府采购为G, 真实货币需求m=m(r,Y), m r<0, m Y>0, 消费为C.5．给出生产函数为Y=Kα(AL)1-α，请推导索洛模型基本方程，说明稳定增长，说明黄金率水平；如果Y=AK, 稳定增长的情况又如何。
经济学试题（一）（2004年4月博士研究生入学考试试题）答案请用另纸，并请在各题的答案前标明相应的题号注意：需要用公式和图形表示的，请注明所使用符号的意义每题25分1. 若消费者偏好满足完备性、传递性、连续性、严格单调性、严格凸性五个公理，预算集为B ＝{x│x∈R+n, px ≤ y} (x、p为商品和价格向量，y为给定收入)。
上海财经大学经济学考博试题
上海财经大学经济学考博试题集锦20XX 年经济学一1某人的效用函数为5.025.01)5()10()(--=x x x U ，生产商品一（x1）的厂商的成本函数为4005)(2+-=q q q Tc ，A ． 个人的财富为W ，商品的价格分别为P1，P2。
a. 求马歇尔函数和间接效用函数b. 求支出函数B ． 若商品一的市场是完全竞争市场，能否求出长期均衡中每个厂商的产量，若能，求出；若不能，需要满足什么条件才能求出。
C ． 若经济中有100个和某个人效用一样的消费者，每个人的W=1100，求在长期均衡中厂商数量，若能，求出；若不能，需要满足什么条件才能求出。
2小王和小刘进行选择，小王选择L 和R ，小刘选择F 和A ，其中（L ，F ）=（4，3），（R ，F ）=（5，0），（L ，A ）=（0，0），（R ，A ）=（1，1），A ． 若同时选择，且不知道对方如何选择，求博弈策略，求出纳什均衡B ． 若小王先选择，小刘可以观察到小王的行动，求Normal form ，并求纯策略均衡C ． 若小王先选择，小刘以0.5的正确概率观察小王的选择，以0.5的错误观察小王选择，a ， 求博弈的扩展形式（提示，自然先选择）b ， 求序惯均衡3一厂商生产函数为)(1φφαα--=L K L K Y ii i ，i i L K ,分别为私人的资本和劳动投入，L K ,为社会的资本和劳动投入，生产要素报酬取决于私人的边际收益，不变每个厂商的，ii i i L K nL L sY K K Y r ,,==∂∂= ，求 A ． r 的有关K/L 的表达式B ． 平衡增长路径上的K/L 及rC ． 判断一种观点，储蓄率的提高会增加投资，具有正外部性，抵消资本边际收益递减（记不清了）4考虑一两国模型（本国和外国），两国都有大量的同质人口，且两国交易单一同种商品，本国和外国代表性人都最大化他的预期终生效用*∞=∞=∑∑t t t t t t LnC E LnC E 0000ββ和，本国和外国的生产函数为αα***==t t t t t t K A Y K A Y 和，A 为技术冲击，都在相同时间内服从独立同分布，行为人都是事先同质的，进而，竞争性均衡的消费者通过解一个等权性的中央计划者问题而被方便地解出。
2009年上海财经大学博士英语入学试题
上海财经大学2009年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码：1001科目名称：英语招生专业：全校各专业Ⅰ.Vocabulary (15 points)Part A (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET.Example: She prefer foreign win to that produced______.A. previouslyB. virtuallyC. primarilyD. domestically1. He was _____ when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.A. incredibleB. inevitableC. incredulousD. indifferent2. We had a marvelous holiday; only the last two days was slightly ____ by weather.A. damagedB. enhancedC. spoiledD. diminished3. NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraftto swing out of control and _____ moments before it was to land.A. disassembleB. disembarkC. disintegrateD. disinherit4. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ____ we had to stop for refereshments.A. at largeB. at easeC. at randomsD. at intervals5. A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northen Railway spokesman, the death ______ is expected to rise.A. figureB. tollC. SpanD. yield6. Particpants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum____ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.A. cursedB. echoedC. bouncedD. haileld7. Turning cultivitaed land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem oil _____ and desertification in the long run.A. erosionB. depletionC. violationD. delusion8. The discrepanct in the company accounts is so____ that no auditor could have failed to notice it.A. spontaneousB. conspicuousC. notoriousD. superfluous9. Russian women had to wear protective masks as they walked in Moscow, which was _____ bya heavy smog yesterday.A. shroudedB. unveiledC. decayedD. deprived10. In that country, a person who marries before legal age mast have a parent’s _____ to obtain a license.A. sanctionB. warrantC. malgnaceD. affirmation11. He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the ______ peasants.A. animatedB. rebelliousC. creasedD. impassive12. The company will ______ to its agreement , no matter how costly the process may be.A. retainB. alterC. abandonD. adhere13. The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and _____ penicillin prescriptions.A. dispensesB. disposesC. dispersesD. dispatches14. AIDS is causing great public concern because the _____ fatal disease hits primarily youngpeople.A. invariablyB. imperativelyC. transientlyD. deceptively15. The houses in this area were all rected in ____ of ousing regulations.A. complianceB. defianceC. allianceD. obedience16. He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5%raise wouldhave to _____A. sufficeB. satisfyC.gratifyD. delight17.The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their _____ cooperation.A. ethicalB. bilateralC. mandatoryD. subisdiary18.It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terorism on the b asis of the UN____ and other international laws.A. CharterB.ConstitutionC. ConcordanceD. Custody19.When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall ____ in all three.A. rareB. lackingC. shortD.scarce20. Three weeks after the suicide bombing,the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were_______.A. on the verge ofB. on the slyC. on the spotD. on the loss21. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable22. One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions23. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the formof an exaggerated lust for power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere24. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife ______for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenanceC. storageD. reserve25. According to the latest report, consumer confidence_______ a breathtaking 15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated26. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria27. The_______ emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate28. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed29. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out30. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesⅡDirections(10 points): Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANWER SHEET.Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know 21 personal exzperience how difficult this really is. For more tha a year, I was 22 hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing the market. It seemed so easy. I dreamed of 23 my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams 24 to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I 25, Texas cellular phone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent 26 a one year period. On the 27 day, it plunged by more than $15 a share. There was rumor the company was 28 sales figures. That was when I learned how quickly Wall street 29 companies that misrepresent the 30.In a 31, I sold all my stock in the company, paying 32 margin debt with case advances from my 33 card. Because I owned so may shares, I 34 a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a 35, the next a loser. This one big loss was my first lessonin the market.My father was stockborker, as was my grandfather 36 him. ( In fact, he founded one ofChicago’s earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many thing in life, we don’t learn anything until we 37 it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner 38 of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing 39 and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It’s when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning yourstock-picking 40 that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.31. A. atB. inC. fromD. by32. A. making B. spendingC. sellingD. buying33. A. losingB. retiringC. gettingD. quitting34. A. turnedB. cameC. wentD. seemed35. A. owned B. owedC. rentedD. sold36. A. overB. byC. fromD. with37. A. busyB. slowC. worstD. fast38. A. cheatingB. exaggeratingC. announcing D. beating39. A. punishesB.defeatsC. tellsD. shows40. A. tradeB. truthC. lieD.lies41. A. despair B. worryC. panicD. moment42.A. allB. offC. overD. up43.A creditB. idnetityC. identification D. loan44.A. wonB.lostC. gainedD.found45.A. winnerB. champagne C. geniusD. mentor46.A. afterB beforeC. forD. and47. A.remember B. liveC. imagineD. experience48. A. workingsB. inningsC. priceD. shares49. A. moreB. greatC. muchD. up50.A. facility B. facultyC. abilityD. powerⅢ. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Read the following passage, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squre bracket on ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneThe Commerical Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master craf\smen, had grown selfish and exclusive. Memberhip in them was commonly resticted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild systme. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated bny technical advances, such as the invent5ion of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wne metod of making brass, wich asved about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.But the most typical form of indutrial production in the Commerical Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The demestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted taskfor a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yam would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavrs, fullers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.51. According to the ariticle, what changes did the Commerical Revolution bring about?A. Methods of production.B. Appearance of craft guildsC. Increased trade volumeD. Growth of trade, banking and methods of production52. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means______.A. popularB. obsoleteC. potentialD. extensive53. According to the article, in which area was it more energy-effective?A. Smelting industryB. Mining industryC. BankingD. Weaving54. The author implies that ______ .A. The guild system was more efficientB. The domestic system was capitalisticC. The technical advance stimulated the guild systemD. The domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system.55. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?A. Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprisesB. In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.C. The domestic system is also known as the putting out systemD. The word “ clothier” is synonymous ot “entrepreneur” in this context.Passage TwoAnd researchs say that like those literary romantics Romeo and Juliet, they may be blind to the consequences of their quests for an idealized mate who serves their every physical and emotional need. Nearly 19 in 20 never-married respondents to a national survey agree that “when you marry you want spouse to be your soul mate, first and foremost,” according to the State of our Unions: 2001 study released Wednesday bu Rutgers University.David Popenoe, a Rutgers sociologist and one of the study’s authors, said that view might spell doom for marriages.“ It really provides a very unrealistic view of what marriage really is, “ Popenoe said. “The standard becomes so high, it’s not easy to bail out if you didn’t find a sould mate.”The survey points to a fundamental dilemma in which younger people want more from the institution of marriage while they seemingly are unwilling to make the necessary commitments.The survey also suggests that some respondents expect too much from a spouse, including the kind of emotional support rendered by samesex friends. The authors of the study suggest that the generation that was polled may more quickly leave a marriage because of infidelity than past generations.Popenoe said the poll, conducted by the Gallup Organization, is the first of its kind to concentrate on people in their 20s. A total of 1,003 married and single young adults nationwide were interviewed by telephone between January and March. The margin of error was plus or minus four percentage points.Respondents said they eventually want to get married, realize it’s a lot of work and think there are too many divorces. They believe there is one right person for them out there somewhere and think their own marriages won’t end in divorce.Since the poll is the first of its kind, researchers say it is impossible to say if expectations about marriage are changing or static.But scholars say the search for sould mates has increased over the last generation ---- and the last century ---- as mariage has become an institution centering on romance rather than utility. “ One hundred years ago, people married for financial reasons, for tying families together, they married for political reasons,” Said John DeLamater, a sociologist at the University of Wisconsin. “ And most people had children.”Those conditions are no longer the case for young adults like David Asher, a 24-year waiter in a Trenton café who has been in a relationship for about two years. He wants to wait to make sure he’s ready to change vows “ I know a lot of it has to do with financial reasons,” he said. “ Maybeif you’re going to have children, marriage is the best bet.” But the main reason for matrimony: “ If you’re in love with someone, it’s sort of like promising to them you are in love.”That’s all well and good, said Heather Helms-Erikson, an assistant professor of human development and family studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, but passion partly in endorpin- caused physiological phenomenon—has been known to diminish in time.56. What’s the best title of this passage?A. Marriage Scholars Worry Search for “Soul Mates” is UneralisticB. People Should Seek for Romantic Love like Romeo and JulietC. Marriage Should Hppen between Soul MatesD. Search for “Soul Mates” Should be Superseded by Reality.57. The new study in this passage shows that______.A. many American are very practical when they search for a spouseB. American 2-somethings have a largely romantic view of marriageC. Romantic view of marriage might lead marriage to a happy endingD. Americans are fond of marriage life so they will not care cohabitation58. It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding marriage?A. It usually involves idealized mates who can serve their every physical and emotional need.B. It may not be realized unles the couple consider carefully about therir responsibility and commitment.C. It becomes more unrealistic nowadays than in the past because most people center on romance instead of utility.D. It results from many reasons such as financial reasons, family reunion, an political reasons.59. Which of the following is not one of the differences between this generation and the past generations as far as marriage is concerned?A. The young people nowadays require more from marriage but they seem not to be willing tomake necessary commitments.B. This generation expects too much from their spouse and they can not keep to be faithful to their husbands or wives.C. The young people at present pay more attention to look for soul mates than the past generations when they search ofr partners.D. Now some young people usually marry for the same reasons as the older generations such as financial ones and children.60. Which of the following sentences will Heather Hems-Erikson use to illustrate her own argument?A. Ten years into a marriage, you will still have great passion and you notice sometone else and say, “Only my wife or husband is my soul mate.”B. “ The romantic part of marriage -= while it can be there – should not be substituted by other things such as shared values and social status.”C. “The couple should focus on the ‘three Cs’ – communication, copnflict resolution and commitment to make marriage the first priority.”D. “Ten years into a marriage, you don’t have that any more and you notice someone else and think, ’ maybe this person is my soul mate.”Passage ThreeVisiting a National Park can be realxing, inspiring and rejuvenating, but it can also be disturbing. As you drive into Rocky Mountain National Park, and you will see starving el, damaged meadows and ying forests. Our parks are growing old because we have mistakenly protected them from national Parks, the National Park Service must change its management priorities to prevent over population of animals and to restore natural process in the forest in orer to prevent their stagnation and “death” by old age. We must act soon: our parkes are dying of oldage because we have altered the forces in nature that keep them young and strong.By tracing the history of our National Parks, we can understand the problem and see why we need active management. In the early part of the 20th century, settlers exploited wildlife heavily, resulting in near-extinction of many species. Therefore, several National Parks were establishedby Congress primarily to save endangered animals. However, stricter wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management technique resulted in greater populations of animals overcrowding in areas of high concentration, such as the yellowstone elk herds. Complicating the problem, the National ParkService in the early part of the 20th century adopted a policy of aggressive predator elimation, thus reducing natural wildlife population control. Subsequently, elk and deer population exploded in many National Parks, resulting in severe damage to native vegetation. Vigorous forest fire and insect suppression in the National Parks throughout the 20th century further altered the natural environment by allowing forests to over-mature, without natural thinning processes. Park managers thought that they were protecting the land, but actually they were removing important controls from the forest ecosystem.Clearly, we must immediately if we want to pass down to our children and grandchildren the green legacy of our National Parks; we must step in and restore the natural processes wich we have altered through our well-intentioned, but misguided, policies in the past.61. According to the aritcle, strict wildlife protection laws and improved wildlife management techinques_____.A. caused the near extinction of the endangered animals.B. intervened the natural process.C. made the visit of National Parks relaxing, and inspiring and rejuvenating.D. saved the elks in the Rocky Mountain Park form starvation.62. According to the author, there would not be starving elks, damaged meadows or dying forests in Natioanl Parks if ______.A. the government introduced stricter wildlife laws.B. the National Park Service employed more wildlife management technique.C. the natural processes were restoredD. if we continued to improve our natural environment.63. According to the ariticle, the population explosion of elk and deer was caused also by _____.A. the adoption of a policy of aggressive predator elimination.B. the increased number of National Parks.C. the deceasing number of visitors to National Parks.D. the heavy exploitation of endangered animals in the 20 century.64. From the article, we can deduce that the author ______.A. is in support of the resent policies.B. Appreciates the present management techniquesC. Thinks that the forces in nature should be alteredD. Is strongly in favor of the natural processes.65. Which one of ther following statements is NOT true according to the article?A. Park managers interrupted the forest ecosystems through out the 20th century.B. Flesh-eating animals should not be elimated.C. Insect suppression may cause the forests to over-mature.D. Severe damage to native vegetation in the forest is caused by fire.Passage FourAt the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our prupose was to consider ow social science historians might contribute tro the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debagte. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially cholars such as Gary Klck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite prodound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. It theirsurvey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense- a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraind to attack potentially rmed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992,when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that eacho of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationsip between violent crime and unemployment.Contray to Klect and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and American’s “gun culture’ are responsible for American’s high rates of murder. In Bellesiles’s opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, expecially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesiles’s low estimates of gun ownership in early America conflict, however, with thouse of every istorian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible.Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong. Given the influene of Kjeck, Lott, Beliesiles, and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the hisrtory of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.66. Which of the following statement is true about the public debate over gun control?A. It has little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice network.B. Neither supporters or opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars.C. The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it.D. Many social science historians have so far failed to take part in it.67. The author mentions Kleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to ______.A. illustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun controlB. refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimes.C. Support thethesis that gun ownership leads to more violenceD. Demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of the gun ownership history68. The author’s main criticism of John Lott is that he ______.A. advocates private ownership of firearmsB. is not objective in his analysisC. has analyzed a wrong periodD. has cited dubious statistics69. With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree?A. Gun control should be tightenedB. Guns have little to do with murderC. “Gun culture” was the result of high homicide rates in AmericaD. The statistics that earlier istorians produced of gun ownership is reliable70. The passage is primarily concerned with_____.A. resolving a public dispute over gun controlB. descvribing the effects of earlier studies on gun controlC. analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun controlD. summarizing the recent development in the studies of gun controlⅣ Writing （15 points）Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words1．盗版现象日益严重2．盗版造成的后果3．我对抵制盗版问题的看法Ⅴ Translation (20 points)Part A(10 points)Direction: Translation the following Chinese paragraph into Englih on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。
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考博详解与指导上海财经大学博士研究生入学考试参考书目2001马克思主义哲学原理与现时代：《马克思主义哲学原理》(上、下册)肖前等，中国人民大学出版社;《辩证唯物主义原理》肖前，人民出版社;《历史唯物主义原理》肖前，人民出版社。
2002经济学一：不列参考书目。
试题侧重于基本概念、理论及其应用，可根据考试大纲进行复习。
2003经济学二：不列参考书目。
试题侧重于基本概念、理论及其应用，可根据考试大纲进行复习。
2004马克思主义原理：《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》，《马克思恩格斯文集》第一卷;《共产党宣言》，《马克思恩格斯文集》第二卷;《<政治经济学批判>序言》，《马克思恩格斯文集》第二卷。
2005管理学：《管理学》(第9版)Stephen P.Robbins、Mary Coulter，清华大学出版社(2009年)(清华管理学系列英文版教材);《管理学》(第九版)斯蒂芬.P.罗宾斯，中国人民大学出版社(2009年);《系统工程》汪应络主编，机械工业出版社(2011年)。
2006高等概率论：《A Probability Path》S.I.Resnick,Birkhäuser,Boston(2005年)。
2007法学与经济学综合(法理、民法和微观经济学，其中微观经济学占30%)：《马克思主义法理学》张文显，高等教育出版社(2003年);《法理学》博登海默著，中国政法大学出版社(2004年);《民法总论》龙卫球，中国法制出版社(2002年);《微观经经济学》平狄克、鲁宾费尔德;中国人民大学出版社(2002年)。
2008管理经济学：《管理经济学(第4版修订版)》彼得森、刘易斯，中国人民大学出版社(2010年)。
3001近代西方哲学史：《欧洲哲学通史》冒从虎等编，南开大学出版社(2000年)。
3002经济思想史：《经济思想的成长》(上、下卷)[美]斯皮格尔，中国社会科学出版社(1999年)。
3003中国哲学史：《中国古代哲学的逻辑发展》冯契，华东师范大学出版社(1997年)。
3004逻辑学与方法论：《逻辑思维的辩证法》冯契，华东师范大学出版社(1996年)。
3005政治经济学：《资本论》(第一卷)马克思，人民出版社;《当代中国经济理论探索》程恩富，上海财经大学出版社(2000年)。
3006中国化马克思主义文献解读：《毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论》教育部社政司组编，高等教育出版社(2006年);十一届三中全会以来党和国家重要文献。
273007中国近现代史：《中国近代史》(1840-1949)王文泉、刘天路，高等教育出版社(2001年)。
3008中国经济思想史：《中国经济思想史》(上、中、下)胡寄窗，上海财经大学出版社;《中国近代经济思想史大纲》胡寄窗，中国社会经济出版社。
3009外国经济思想史：《现代西方经济学主要思潮及流派》，王志伟编著，高等教育出版社;《外国经济思想史》，吴宇晖、张嘉昕编著，高等教育出版社;《经济分析史》，熊彼特著，商务印书馆。
3010中国经济史：《中国资本主义发展史》(第二卷、第三卷)许涤新、吴承明主编，人民出版社;《新中国经济发展史，1949-1998》丛树海、张桁主编，上海财经大学出版社(1999年);《民族资本主义与旧中国政府，1840-1937》杜恂诚，上海社会科学院出版社(1991年);《中国近代经济发展史》刘佛丁、王玉茹等，高等教育出版社(1999年)。
3011经济数学基础：考试内容为数学分析、线性代数、概率论与数理统计。
其中数学分析约60%，线性代数约20%，概率论与数理统计约20%。
“数学分析”部分参考书目：《数学分析》(上、下)(不含第十五章、二十二章、二十三章)，华东师范大学编(第三版)，高等教育出版社;线性代数、概率论与数理统计内容见大纲，不指定参考书目。
线性代数部分大纲：(1)行列式：行列式的概念和基本性质行列式按行(列)展开定理(2)矩阵：矩阵的概念矩阵的线性运算矩阵的乘法方阵的幂方阵乘积的行列式矩阵的转置逆矩阵的概念和性质矩阵可逆的充分必要条件伴随矩阵矩阵的初等变换初等矩阵矩阵的秩矩阵的等价分块矩阵及其运算(3)向量：向量的概念向量的线性组合与线性表示向量组的线性相关与线性无关向量组的极大线性无关组等价向量组向量组的秩向量组的秩与矩阵的秩之间的关系向量空间及其相关概念n维向量空间的基变换和坐标变换过渡矩阵向量的内积线性无关向量组的正交规范化方法规范正交基正交矩阵及其性质(4)线性方程组：线性方程组的克莱姆(Cramer)法则齐次线性方程组有非零解的充分必要条件非齐次线性方程组有解的充分必要条件线性方程组解的性质和解的结构齐次线性方程组的基础解系和通解解空间非齐次线性方程组的通解(5)矩阵的特征值和特征向量：矩阵的特征值和特征向量的概念、性质相似变换、相似矩阵的概28念及性质矩阵可相似对角化的充分必要条件及相似对角矩阵实对称矩阵的特征值、特征向量及其相似对角矩阵(6)二次型：二次型及其矩阵表示合同变换与合同矩阵二次型的秩惯性定理二次型的标准形和规范形用正交变换和配方法化二次型为标准形二次型及其矩阵的正定性。
概率论与数理统计部分大纲：(1)随机事件和概率：随机事件与样本空间事件的关系与运算完备事件组概率的概念概率的基本性质古典型概率几何型概率条件概率概率的基本公式事件的独立性独立重复试验(2)随机变量及其分布：随机变量随机变量分布函数的概念及其性质离散型随机变量的概率分布连续型随机变量的概率密度常见随机变量的分布随机变量函数的分布(3)多维随机变量及其分布：多维随机变量及其分布二维离散型随机变量的概率分布、边缘分布和条件分布二维连续型随机变量的概率密度、边缘概率密度和条件密度随机变量的独立性和不相关性常用二维随机变量的分布两个及两个以上随机变量简单函数的分布(4)随机变量的数字特征：随机变量的数学期望(均值)、方差、标准差及其性质随机变量函数的数学期望矩、协方差、相关系数及其性质(5)大数定律和中心极限定理：切比雪夫(Chebyshev)不等式切比雪夫大数定律伯努利(Bernoulli)大数定律辛钦(Khinchine)大数定律棣莫弗-拉普拉斯(De Moivre-laplace)定理列维-林德伯格(Levy-Lindberg)定理(6)离散鞅及其理论(7)数理统计的基本概念(8)参数估计：点估计的概念估计量与估计值矩估计法最大似然估计法估计量的评选标准区间估计的概念单个正态总体的均值和方差的区间估计两个正态总体的均值差和方差比的区间估计(9)假设检验：显著性检验假设检验的两类错误单个及两个正态总体的均值和方差的假设检验3012中级政治经济学：《现代政治经济学新编》(完整版)程恩富、冯金华、马艳，上海财经大学出版社(2008年);《现代政治经济学创新》程恩富、马艳、冯金华，世纪出版集团、上海人民出版社(2007年)。
29考试大纲：一、直接生产过程1.价值与价值量;2.货币和货币流通规律;3.资本和剩余价值;4.资本积累二、流通过程1.资本循环;2.资本周转;3.社会总资本的再生产和流通;4.经济增长三、生产的总过程1.职能资本与平均利润;2.生息资本与利息;3.垄断资本和垄断利润;4.土地所有权和地租四、国家经济过程1.国家调节微观经济;2.国家调节宏观经济五、国际经济过程1.国际价值与国际价格;2.国际竞争与国际超额利润3013国民经济学：《国民经济学》杨大楷主编，复旦大学出版社(2009年);近两年《经济研究》、《管理世界》杂志。
3014财政学：《公共经济学(财政学)》蒋洪，上海财经大学出版社(2006年);《财政学》罗森，中国人民大学出版社(2000年);《公共财政与公共选择》布坎南、马斯格雷夫，中国财经出版社(2000年)。
3015房地产经济学：《现代房地产经济学导论》高波等著，南京大学出版社(2007年);《中国公共住房政策模式研究》姚玲珍，上海财经大学出版社(2009年)。
3016公共经济学：《公共经济学(财政学)》蒋洪，上海财经大学出版社(2006年);《中级公共经济学》(比)希瑞克斯，(英)迈尔斯著，张晏等译，格致出版社(2011年)。
3017公共管理学：《公共行政与公共事务(第十版)》尼古拉斯·亨利(Nicholas Henry)著，孙迎春译，人民大学出版社(2011年);《(英文原版影印：公共行政与公共事务(第9版)》尼古拉斯·亨利(Nicholas Henry)，北京大学出版社(2006年);《西方公共行政学理论前沿》马骏、叶娟丽，中国社会科学出版社(2004年)。
3018税收学：《税收学》胡怡建，上海财经大学出版社(2008年);《公共经济学(财政学)》蒋洪，上海财经大学出版社(2006年);《财政学》罗森，中国人民大学出版社(2000年)。
303019投资学：《投资学》杨大楷主编，高等教育出版社(2008年);近两年《管理世界》、《投资研究》杂志。
3020区域经济学：《区域经济学与区域政策》(中译本)，哈威.阿姆斯特朗与吉姆.泰勒，上海人民出版社(2007年);《空间经济学—城市区域与国际贸易》藤田昌久、保罗.克鲁格曼.安东尼.J维纳布尔斯，中国人民大学出版社(2005年);《区域经济学》，孙海鸣，张学良主编，上海人民出版社(2011年)。
3021国防经济学：《国防经济学概论》于连坤、唐洪鑫主编，国防大学出版社(1999年);《国防经济学教程》刘义昌，国民经济动员教育培训中心(2001年)。
3022城市与城市群经济原理：《城市经济与城市群》，赵晓雷主编，胡彬，王昉副主编，上海人民出版社(2009年)。
3023农业经济理论：《农业经济学前沿问题》A.J.雷纳等，中国税务出版社(1999年);《中国农业经济学教程》罗伟雄主编，中国人民大学出版社(1995年)。
3024金融与数学：《经济计量分析》(第五版，中译版)威廉·H·格林(William H.Greene)，中国人民大学出版社(2007年);《时间序列分析》(中译版)詹姆斯 D.汉密尔顿(James D.Hamilton)，中国社会科学出版社(1999年);《金融学》(中译版)兹维·博迪(Zvi Bordi)&罗伯特·C·莫顿(Robert C.Merton)，中国人民大学出版社(2003年);《货币金融学》(第七版，中译版)弗雷德里克·S·米什金(FredericS.Mishkin)，中国人民大学出版社(2006年)。
3025保险学：《保险学原理》(第三版)许谨良编著，上海财经大学出版社(2008年);《风险管理》(第三版)许谨良主编，中国金融出版社(2006年)。