英美文化概论整理
《英美文化概况》课件
创新和发展的追求。
结语
英美文化的重要性
了解和学习英美文化对于个 人的知识储备和国际交流至 关重要，能够促进文化多元 和全球合作。
吸收英美文化的方法
我们可以通过阅读英美文学、 观看电影和交流互动等方式 来吸收英美文化，并融入到 自己的生活和工作中。
继承传统，创新未来
英美文化是源远流长的传统， 我们应该在继承传统的基础 上，勇于创新，为未来的发 展做出贡献。
英国文学与艺术
英国文学和艺术以其丰富多样性 和创造力而闻名于世。巨匠如莎 士比亚为世界文学做出了巨大贡 献。
美国文化概述
美国历史概况
美国历史充满了冒险和创新精神，经历过独立战争、内战和民权运动等重要事件。
美国政体与民主制度
美国以其独特的联邦制度和权力分立制度而闻名，为全球民主国家树立了榜样。
美国文学与艺术
《英美文化概况》PPT课 件
本课件将介绍英美两国的文化概况，包括历史、政体、文学艺术等方面。通 过比较分析，我们将深入探讨英美文化的差异与相似之处，以及其对我们的 重要性。
英国文化概述
英国历史概况
从古代到现代，英国历经王朝更 迭和历史事件，形成了独特而悠 久的历史传统。
英国政体与民主制度
英国的政体和民主制度是世界上 最古老和最成功的，深深影响了 现代民主国家的发展。
美国文学和艺术展现了多样性和创新性，通过作家和艺术家的创作表达了美国的独特文化。
英美文化比较
1
英美文化差异分析
通过对英美文化的差异分析，我们可以更
英美文化相似之处
2
好地理解两国的价值观、观念和行为方式。 例如，英美人对时间和礼仪的看法存在明
尽管存在差异，英美文化也有重视，以及对
英美概况知识点总结归纳
英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美文化知识点总结图
英美文化知识点总结图英美文化是指英国和美国两国的文化，由于历史和地理因素的影响，英美文化在很多方面有着共同的特点，但也有一些不同之处。
本文将从语言、食物、节日、音乐、体育和社会礼仪等方面对英美文化进行总结。
一、语言1. 英语英语是英美两国的官方语言，它们有着共同的语法和词汇，但在语音和部分词汇上有一些差别。
在英国，英语分为英格兰英语、苏格兰英语、威尔士英语和北爱尔兰英语等方言；而美国的英语则有着更多的地域性差异，比如东部和西部的口音、南部和北部的词汇用法等。
2. 俚语英美两国都有着丰富的俚语和口头禅，比如英国人说的“bloke”（家伙），美国人说的“cool”（酷），这些词汇的使用方式和含义在不同地区也会有一些不同。
3. 礼貌用语在英美两国，称呼方式和礼貌用语也有一些不同。
比如在英国，“sir”和“madam”被用于商务场合或对陌生人的称呼，而在美国，“sir”和“ma'am”更多地被用于尊敬长者。
二、食物1. 早餐英国人习惯吃牛奶、麦片、烤面包和熏肉等食物作为早餐，而美国人更喜欢在早餐时吃鸡蛋、培根、土豆和煎饼等。
2. 午餐英国人通常吃三明治、鱼和薯条、谢菲尔德派、烤土豆等作为午餐，而美国人更喜欢吃汉堡包、比萨、墨西哥卷饼和烤肉。
3. 晚餐在英国，晚餐通常由三道菜组成，包括开胃菜、主菜和甜点；而在美国，晚餐则更注重肉类和蔬菜的搭配，通常会有更多的甜点选择。
4. 茶文化英国人有着悠久的茶文化，他们通常会在下午喝茶，并且会搭配一些小点心；而美国人更喜欢喝咖啡，下午茶更多的是一种社交活动。
1. 圣诞节在英国和美国，圣诞节都是重要的节日，人们会装饰圣诞树、交换礼物、吃圣诞大餐等，但两国在庆祝方式上有些差别。
比如在英国，圣诞布置通常更加传统和典雅，而在美国，圣诞的装饰则更加繁华和华丽。
2. 独立日独立日是美国的国庆节，人们会进行烟花表演、游行、野餐和烧烤等庆祝活动。
而在英国，没有类似的国庆节，但人们会在特定的日期举行各种民俗活动和庆祝仪式。
科目英美文化学习总结
科目英美文化学习总结在英美文化学习的过程中，我深入了解了英国和美国的历史、社会、艺术和生活习俗等方面。
通过学习，我对英美文化有了更深入的了解，同时也发现了一些不同于我国的特点。
在此，我将总结我在科目英美文化学习中的收获和感悟。
第一部分：历史与社会英美历史深远而辉煌，世界上很多重大事件都与英美相关。
英国作为大英帝国的发源地，曾经统治过广大领土，并对全球产生了深远的影响。
美国则是世界上最年轻的超级大国，其独立战争和建国历程为世人所瞩目。
英美社会的特点也是我在学习中的重点之一。
英国素以其礼貌和绅士风度而闻名，这在很大程度上影响了整个社会的文化氛围。
美国则强调个人主义和自由精神，注重个体权利和多样性。
我从中学习到了不同社会制度和文化背景对人们世界观和行为方式的影响。
第二部分：艺术与文学英美文化以其独特的艺术和文学作品而闻名于世。
莎士比亚的作品是英国文艺复兴时期的代表，他的戏剧作品深入探索了人性和社会现象。
美国作家马克·吐温则以其幽默和讽刺风格成为美国文学的代表人物。
除了文学作品，英美的音乐、电影和绘画等艺术形式也给我留下了深刻的印象。
英国的摇滚乐队如披头士和皇后乐队是世界音乐史上的经典，而美国的好莱坞电影则以其制作精良和多元题材赢得了全球观众的喜爱。
第三部分：生活与习俗英国和美国的生活方式和习俗都有独特的特点。
在英国，下午茶是一种重要的社交活动，人们会在下午享受茶点和轻松的谈话。
美国人则以烧烤、比赛观赏和聚会为主的户外活动为主导。
此外，英国人对于足球的热爱和美国人对于篮球和橄榄球的热情也是两国文化的体现。
总结：通过对科目英美文化的学习，我对英国和美国的历史、社会、艺术和生活习俗等方面都有了更深入的了解。
英美文化的独特魅力吸引着我，也让我对自己的国家文化有了更多的思考和比较。
通过学习英美文化，我不仅开阔了眼界，还培养了对不同文化的尊重和包容心态。
在今后的学习和生活中，我将继续深入了解英美文化，并将其融入到自己的成长和发展中。
英美文化概论提纲
英美⽂化概论提纲Unit 1 a brief introduction to the united kingdom 1⼀ a brief introduction1．全称 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland--P17 III 12．构成England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNothern Ireland Belfast--P17 III23．历史A公元43世纪RomanB公元7世纪Anglo –saxons 安格鲁撒克逊⼈C 8世纪末阿尔弗雷德⼤帝King Alfred北欧海盗D 1066年诺曼征服NormansWilliam of NormandyBattle of HastingsKing Harold4.英国内战 civil war 资产阶级⾰命⼆Scotland1. Glasgow 最⼤城市 --P16 II 82. ⼤学15世纪 ancient and international university --P17 III 11三WalesUnlike England it did not fall to the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th century --P16 II 11名词解释London：the largest city located in the south of the country . London is dominant in the UK in all fields；government finance and culture.London is one of the top three financial centers in the worldUnit 2 a brief introduction to the united kingdom iiNorthern Ireland1.宗教爱尔兰⼈是天主教徒 Catholics英国⼈是新教徒 Protestants--P33 I 62.1921年独⽴ Irish State (分⽔岭)3.爱尔兰南部26郡成⽴⾃由邦北部6 郡仍属英国—P34 II 104 .Loyalist 民族派希望加⼊爱尔兰共和国Unionist 联合派亲英国5.The official IRA 倾向于政治⼿段解决–P34 III 4The Provisional IRA 军事–P35 III 5“The Bullet and the Ballot Box”—P35 III 106.区分 Sinn Fein是政党 --P33 I 8/P35 III 11,121919 IRA是军事团体⾮政党7 .1973年 Power-Sharing mechanism权利分享机制—P34 II 88.1972 “Bloody Sunday”—P34 II 79．1985 Anglo-Irish agreement --P33 I 910． Downing –Street Declaration唐宁街宣⾔授权英军司令直接⼲预北爱治安事务名词解释1．”Home-rule”:1914年被签署成为法律。
英美文化总结
英美文化总结概述英美文化是指英国和美国的文化遗产和特点，是两个国家长期发展和交流的结果。
英美文化的影响已经深入到世界各地，不仅在语言、艺术、文学等方面有着重要地位，同时也对全球的商业、科技和娱乐产业产生了巨大的影响。
语言和礼仪1.英语是英美文化的核心，是英国和美国的官方语言。
英语的发音和用法在两个国家之间存在一些差异。
英语的标准发音在英国是以“BBC English”为准，而在美国则有许多不同的口音和方言。
2.礼仪方面，英美文化都强调独立、自由和平等的价值观。
两国人民注重个人隐私，对待陌生人通常保持一定的距离。
在商务场合，英美人喜欢直接交流，并注重准时和守约。
饮食文化1.英美文化的饮食以肉类和烤肉为主，同时还注重蔬菜和谷物的搭配。
英式早餐以煎蛋、培根、烤豆和香肠为主要食物，而美国的早餐则更多样化，包括煎饼、炒蛋、香肠和烤土豆。
2.英国人喜欢品茶，下午茶也是英国文化中的一个重要组成部分。
而美国人则更喜欢咖啡，咖啡文化在美国非常流行，咖啡店也遍布大街小巷。
衣着和风格1.英美文化在时尚领域有着重要的影响力。
英国的时尚与传统和高雅结合，以品牌和设计师服装为主。
英国人注重身体轮廓和永恒的款式。
2.美国的时尚则更注重自由、个性和舒适。
美国的衣着风格多元化，有各种流行的潮流和派系。
美国人喜欢穿着休闲和运动风格的服装。
艺术和文学1.英美文化在艺术和文学方面都有着重要的地位。
英国文学以莎士比亚、狄更斯等伟大作家为代表，世界上许多经典文学作品都出自英国的作家之手。
2.美国文学则以马克·吐温、海明威等作家为代表，美国文学在20世纪产生了广泛的影响。
美国的电影工业也非常发达，好莱坞成为世界电影的中心。
节日和庆祝活动1.英美文化中有许多重要的节日和庆祝活动。
例如，英国的圣诞节、复活节和万圣节都是重要的传统节日，人们会在这些节日中聚会、交换礼物和享受美食。
2.美国的独立日、感恩节和圣诞节也是重要的庆祝活动。
美国人喜欢举办盛大的游行和烟火表演，与家人和朋友共度时光。
英美文化差异知识点总结
英美文化差异知识点总结1. 语言差异英国和美国的英语有一些差异，主要表现在发音、拼写和词汇上。
比如，美国人通常会用“center”来表示“中心”，而英国人则会用“centre”。
此外，美国人口音通常更加平原，而英国人的口音则带有更多的浓郁地方特色。
2. 民俗活动差异英国和美国的民俗活动也有很大的差异。
比如，英国人喜欢举行独立日游行、庆祝美国独立日等活动，而美国人则更倾向于参加热气球节、感恩节、万圣节等传统庆典。
3. 政治体制差异英国的政治体制是君主立宪制，美国的政治体制是总统制。
这两种不同的政治体制在治理方式上有一些明显的差异。
例如，英国的首相由议会选举产生，而总统则是由普选产生。
4. 饮食习惯差异英美两国的饮食习惯也有所不同。
英国人普遍喜欢喝茶，而美国人则更喜欢喝咖啡。
此外，在食物口味上也有很大的差异，比如，英国人喜欢吃薯条和炸鱼，而美国人则更喜欢吃汉堡和炸鸡。
5. 社交礼仪差异英美两国的社交礼仪也有一些差异。
比如，在用餐时，英国人通常会使用刀和叉来进食，而美国人则更喜欢使用刀叉和勺子来进食。
此外，英国人比较保守，对于性话题的谈论比较忌讳，而美国人则比较开放，性话题在社交中更容易被提及。
6. 宗教信仰差异英国和美国的宗教信仰也有很大的差异。
英国是一个多元宗教的国家，虽然基督教是主流信仰，但也有穆斯林、犹太教徒、印度教徒等。
相比之下，美国则更多是基督教徒，而且宗教在美国社会中的地位也更为重要。
7. 教育制度差异英美两国的教育制度也有很大的差异。
在英国，学生上学的年龄比美国有些早，通常从4岁就开始上学了，而在美国，则是6岁。
此外，在大学教育方面，美国的大学一般在校园内提供宿舍，而英国的大学生通常需要自己租房居住。
8. 体育文化差异英国和美国的体育文化也有很大的差异。
在英国，足球是最受欢迎的运动之一，而在美国，橄榄球、篮球、棒球等运动更受欢迎。
9. 性别平等观念差异英美两国的性别平等观念也有不同。
英国的性别平等观念相对较早形成，女性在政治、经济等方面的地位相对较高。
英美文化概论
美国人的民族特性那天美国政经概况的老师提到一个很老的问题：美国经济发展至今成为世界第一的原因有哪些？说实话这个问题的确很老了，被无数学者讨论了无数次。
那天思维没有打开，没想出什么有新意的答案，什么专利权，地理优势，世界大战.......也许是真的积累越来越匮乏了，思考了几天才想出这么一个比较牵强的来。
首先，美国的民族特性到底是什么？我不敢说我说的就是正确答案，但是在我看来有三：自由，自律，爱国。
自由这个我只有一句话解释：不自由，毋宁死——Patrick Henry。
好吧，也许你会说美国的的无政府主义，新自由主义等等，好吧，这是真的，但是无政府主义不算主流，新自由主义也不是完全的自由。
自律，这里的自律才是关键，这里的自律并不是字面意义上的自律，而是以契约的方式推下来的民族特性。
我不是道各位怎么想，反正在我眼里这完全就是卢梭的社会契约论举出自己认同的第三方来约束自己。
这是从“五月号公约”开始所继承的完全体现，事实证明，启蒙学者灿若星斗，最终胜利的只有卢梭。
现在说为什么这重要，以及为什么与美国经济有关。
首先，五月花公约阐述了国家的来源，国家是民众以契约的形式合意组建的，国家的公权力来自于民众所度让的部分权利的组合。
也就是说，国家的权力是人民做给予的，而人民根据契约的原则必须服从自己所推举出的这个公权力的约束，这就是关键。
我们先反观独立战争，为什么小小的印花税会惹来如此之大的风波？究其原因就在于这不是美国人民自己所推举出的公权力，美国人民没有义务服从你，这是一种无端的迫害。
美国建国近四百年，天赋人权，民赋国权这一理念已经融入了美国人的血液里，这已经成为了一种习惯，一种思维定势。
总的来说美国人有以下特性：1、移民国家形成的合众社会。
这个年青的国家之所以得以发展壮大,不因善于发现而因善于探索，它的繁荣兴旺不是因为其尽善尽美的治事之道,而是由于其机灵多变的精神。
2、移民生活形成的务实精神。
美国的早期历史确实发人深省，他们对全人类所作的启示，不是空洞的告诫而是实际的行动。
英美文化概论
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture,[4] Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction and polemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author.[5] His book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are his numerous essays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[6]
埃尔维斯·普莱斯利（Elvis Presley，1935～1977）是20世纪50年代美国最有影响的歌手，素有"摇滚乐之王"的称号，他为摇滚乐的推广和普及做出了巨大的贡献。
Elvis Aron Presley, also known as "The King of Rock 'n Roll" was an American singer and actor.
英美文化概况简答论述整理
英美文化概况简答论述简答：1.The Functions of Parliament① First and foremost, it passes laws.②provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation.③scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.④There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts according to precedent. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.2.George WashingtonGeorge Washington was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the War of Independence against the British colonial rule and the first President of the United States.3.The Open UniversityThe Open University ―founded in the 1960’s for people who might not get the opportunity for higher educarion for economic and social reasons.It’s open to everybody and doesn’t demand the same formal educational qualifications as the other universities. Universities courses are following through TV, correspondence,videos and a net work of study centers. Ath the end of their studies at the Open University, successful students are awarded a university degree. Universities in the UK.4.The strategy of PreemptionIn an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time, put forward the strategy of preemption（先发制人）, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002.By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction（大规模杀伤性武器）or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the Us is attacked. This is known as Bush Doctrine.5. Comprehensive schoolsComprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education. Pupils can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking.6. The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.7. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.8. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.9. Grammar SchoolIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities10. PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believe that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were God’s chosen people while others were damned to hell. Nither church nor good works could save people. The sign of bei ng God’s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. They also argued that everyone must read the Bible in order to find God’s will and establish a direct contact with God. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.11. The declaration of IndependenceIt was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.12. The three traditions of Christmas in Britainthe Christmas Pantomime(圣诞童话剧), the Queen’s speech over the TV and radio, and the Boxing Day.13. The Bill of Rights (US)In the Bill of Rights, Americans are guaranteed freedom of religion, of speech and of the press. They have the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.14. The Anglo-SaxonsThe Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of Anglo-land or England as it has become known.15 . Broads of education in USAIt refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification and the overall measurement of student progress.16. The CommonwealthNo longer an imperial country with independence of many former colonies such as Australia, Canada, India which maintain links with Britain now through an organization called the Commonwealth of Nations (英联邦国家).17. The making of Britain’s foreign policyThe general direction of Britain’s fo reign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The Ministry of Defence, although it is considered less important than the FCO, is an important player. It is responsible for ensuring Britain's defence and managing Britain's involvement in its military treaty commitments. The Department of Trade and Industry is concerned with formulating international trade policy and managing British commercial relations with other countries. A less obvious, but an extremely influential player in Brita in’s foreign policy is the Treasury. The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year.18.LondonThe Capital: LondonA cultural and economic dominance of England1. A highly urbanized country: 80% of its population living in cities, and only 2% working in agriculture2. England’s dominance in size --- largest of the four nations with largest population is reflected in a cultural and economic dominance19. The making of British foreign policyThe general direction of Bri tain’s foreign policy is mainly decided by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also plays a part in formulating and carryin g out the government’s decisions.The Ministry of Defence, although it is considered less important than the FCO, is an important player. It is responsible for ensuring Britain's defence and managing Britain's involvement in its military treaty commitments. The Department of Trade and Industry is concerned with formulating international trade policy and managing British commercial relations with other countries.A less obvious, but an extremely influential player in Britain’s foreign policy is the Treasury. The Treasury makes decisions on how much money other departments can have each year.20. The containment policy （美国遏制政策）The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s.1948, Truman Doctrine: the US would use whatever means, including military force, to prevent the SU from breaking out of its sphere of influence, so as to push back Soviet spheres until Soviet political system changed or collapsed.1950-51, the Korean War.1954-1973, the Vietnam War.The US lost 50 000 men in each of the two wars, greatly weakened the US.21. Boards of educationboards of education---refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at thestate and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum,teacher standards and certification and the overall measurement of student progress.American students pass through several levels of schooling---12 systems22. The Servicemen’s Readjustment ActPassed in 1944, It was soon popularly called the “GI Bill of Rights” . GI was anickname for the American soldier, which came from the abbreviation for“Government Issue”—the uniforms and other art icles issued” to a Soldier. The Act promised financial aid,Including aid for higher education to members of the armed forces23 .Affirmative Action ProgramsAdvocated by some colleges in 1960. The purpose of the programs was to equalizeeducational opportunities for all groups and to make up for past inequality by givingspecial preference to members of minorities seeking jobs or admission to college.论述：1.what is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate your point withfacts.1、The Containment policy(遏制政策)The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s.1948, Truman Doctrine（杜鲁门主义）: the US would use whatever means, includingmilitary force, to prevent the SU from breaking out of its sphere of influence.1950-51, the Korean War.1954-1973, the Vietnam War.The US lost 50 000 men in each of the two wars.2、The containment policy in ChinaThe White Paper on China issued by the State Department in 1949 showed American hostility towards the new republic.Fighting in Korea institutionalized hostility between the two countries and extended the Cold War to Asia. The frozen relationship did not thaw until President Nixon visited Chinain 1972. The US and China normalized diplomatic relations in 1979. The strategic basisfor the two countries to come together was the struggle against Soviet expansionism.This basis lasted until 1980s and early 1990s.2. What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?1. The Foundations of British Foreign PolicyThe contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperialhistory( the most important single factor) and also by its geopolitical traits. As Britainlost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is notas influential as it used to be in world affairs. Another decisive influence upon theway Britain handles its external affairs is geopolitical attitude to Europe.2. The Making of Britain’s Foreign PolicyThe general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is mainly d ecided by thePrime Minister and the Cabinet. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, themain government department, plays a significant role in the making of Britain’sforeign policy.The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the UnitedStates. During World War II, the two countries were closely allied andcontinued to work together closely in the postwar years.3. “British history is a history of invasion”. Please illustrate this point. How did eachof the invasion influence English culture?Before the 1st century AD, be made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people凯尔特人→ in 43AD, invaded by the Roman Empire罗马帝国, and England and Wales becamea part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400years→the Germanic日尔曼人 (the Angles盎格鲁人 and the Saxon 撒克逊人) invasion, Anglo-Saxon invaders became the forefathers of the English, the founders of“Angle-land” or “England” as it has become known.→from the late 8th century on,( till the 10th) raiders from Scandinavia(斯堪的纳维亚), the ferocious vikings(北欧海盗), threatened Britain’s shores, leading tolarge areas of northern and eastern England were under their control.→the year of 1066, Norman invasion; Under William Normandy (known as “William the Conqueror”征服者威廉一世 ),they defeated an English army under KingHarold(英格兰最后一位撒克逊民族的国王).The next 300years may be thought of as a Norman aristocracyruling a largelySaxon and English speaking population→the next few hundred years followingthe Norman invasion was a process of joining together the various parts of theBritish Isles under English rule; at the same time, power was gradually transferred(转移)from the monarch (君主)to parliament(议会,国会).→1640-1651,England was ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)→in 1651, the monarch was restored.→in 1688,the parliament invited Williamand Mary (from Holland) to take the throne, thus finally establishing parliament’s dominance over the thron(1689年,议会通过权利法案,限制国王权力,从此确立延续至今的君主立宪制)4. How do you understand that Britain has a “special relationship” with the US?The British foreign policy is also affected by its relationship with the United States.During World War II, the two countries were closely allied and continued to work together closely in the postwar years, because they had many things in commonabout the past and the world situation.Even today, British and American policy-makers share the general ideas in many aspects. However, Britain’s “special relationship” with the USA has gone through upsand downs. The British are beginning to realize that their own foreign policy actionscan be limited by the United States. But both sides have worked hard to maintain the “special relations”.As a part of its NATO commitments, the British host a large American military presence. There are 63 American military bases in Britain.5.What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government?How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?The three branches—the Executive, headed by the president; the Legislative,including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House ofRepresentative) and the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court.The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution andother cases which do not arise out of individual states. (联邦法院对涉及联邦宪法的案件有审判权)The Supreme Court consists of nine Justices: the Chief Justice of the United Statesand eight Associate Justices. They have equal weight when voting on a case and theChief Justice has no casting vote (决定票) or power to instruct colleagues.The Supreme Court has the judicial review power, the power determining whether congressional legislation or executive action violates the Constitution. 重要职能包括决定国会法案或行政法令是否违宪。
英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]
![英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b0823797c0c708a1284ac850ad02de80d5d80675.png)
In Britain the academic year is divided into three terms of about twelve weeks each.
The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.
not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society
but also to socialize children, learn the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.
英美文化概论
英美文化概论导言：在全球化的今天，英美文化已成为世界范围内广泛接受和影响深远的文化形式。
英美文化的独特性和多样性使其融入了各个层面的社会生活。
本文将对英美文化进行概述，包括英美文化的起源、主要特征和影响力等方面。
一、起源1. 英美文化的历史背景英美文化源于英国和美国两个国家，两国在历史发展中形成了独特的文化基因。
英国作为美国的殖民地，英国文化是美国文化的重要来源之一。
17世纪至18世纪期间，随着大量移民的涌入，欧洲文化也对美国文化的形成产生了影响。
2. 英美文化的多样性英美文化是一个多元且充满活力的文化体系。
它包括了英国各个地区的本土文化以及美国不同地区和种族背景的文化。
这种多样性使英美文化具备了包容性和创造性。
二、主要特征1. 语言英语是英美文化的基本媒介和表达方式。
英美英语具有许多共同点，但也有一些差异，如发音、词汇和语法等方面。
同时，英语在英美文化中的地位也是相当重要的。
2. 文学英美文学以其独特的风格和世界知名的作家而闻名。
从莎士比亚到丽兹·堤勒，英美文学不仅包括古典作品和传统文学，还涵盖了现代文学和儿童文学等多个领域。
3. 音乐英美文化中的音乐具有广泛的影响力。
从古典音乐到流行音乐，英美的音乐创作和表演都具有独特的风格和特点。
如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等，这些音乐人和乐队都成为了英美音乐文化的重要代表。
4. 电影英美电影是全球最具影响力的电影产业之一。
从好莱坞到英国电影，这些电影以其独特的剧情和制作质量广受欢迎。
同时，英美文化对于电影风格、故事情节以及电影产业的发展都起到了重要推动作用。
5. 社交礼仪英美文化中的社交礼仪和行为规范也是其特征之一。
英美人民注重礼节和谦和，在社交场合中会注重礼貌的表达和行为举止。
例如，握手、微笑、道谢等行为是英美社交礼仪中的常见做法。
三、影响力1. 全球影响力由于英美文化的广泛传播和深入影响，其对全球的影响力不言而喻。
无论是英语的普及、英美文学的翻译与传播，还是英美电影和音乐在全球范围内的流行，都体现了英美文化的全球影响力。
英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-美国 精品
美国文化概况Chapter 1 Population, race and ethnic groups第一章人口和种族1) Introduction①American is the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people. It isa nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration in the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.美国是世界上的第三大人口国，总人口约2.555亿，仅次于中国和印度。
美国是一个移民大国，移民人口是其人口总数增长的重要原因。
美国的有着不同民族和种族的人口。
在目前美国移民人口中，80%-90%来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国十分普遍。
2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaveryThe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
英美文化概论之名词解释大全
01. Humanism(人文主义)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the english Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classism(古典主义)Classism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in france and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in england were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan swift.etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present, with death and graveyard as themes.2>thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to england.2>it was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead ,romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emtion, and natural beauty.3>in the histiry of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience.4> the english romantic period is an age of poetry. Which prevailed in england from 1798 to 1837. the major romantic poets include wordsworth, Byron, shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)Bronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contributio n to english literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means th tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism ofsociety and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism（美学主义）The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet,Theophile Gautier.the first englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. 3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Vi ctorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’ssake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The victorian period(维多利亚)In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view andwith different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting,music and architecture.4> in england from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions.fresh ways of looking at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style.it is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness wri ting is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow,tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings.famous writers to employ this technique in the english language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。
英美文化概论整理
英美文化概论整理－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－英国：1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones.3、（UK）capital:London4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest.5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France.7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland.8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,Welsh and Irish are Celts（凯尔特人）.9、Britain is an island country.It is surrounded by the sea.It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.10、Chunnel stands for channel and tunnel which was cut under the Straits of Dover.With it England and France join together by road.11、90%of the population is urban and only10%is rural.12、The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.The monarch actually has no real power.The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament.Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in1688.Parliament consists of the Sovereign（君主）,the House of Lords （上议院）and the House of Commons（下议院）.13、British constitution is made up of statute law,common law and conventions.14、The festivals:Christmas,Easter,and Whit Sunday.15、The most typically English of sports is cricket(板球).感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
英美文化讲义
英美文化讲义文化是一个民族精神的集合体，是一种生活方式和文明积淀的体现。
英美文化作为世界上最有影响力的文化之一，一直受到世界范围内的关注和推崇。
本文从不同角度对英美文化的方方面面进行介绍。
一、历史文化英美文化源远流长，有着悠久的历史和文化积淀。
从英国的莎士比亚、狄更斯到美国的爱迪生、林肯，英美文化的历史人物和文学艺术家层出不穷，他们的作品在世界文化史上占据了重要地位。
英美文化还有其它独具特色的文化遗产，如英国的乡间庄园文化、美国的“牛仔文化”等，这些文化不仅是英美文化独有的，也是世界文化宝库的重要组成部分。
二、价值观念英美文化的价值观念深刻影响了现代世界。
其中最重要的是民主、自由和平等。
英国和美国都是历史悠久的民主国家，这种价值观贯穿于每个人的心中，民主体制为政治、经济和社会发展提供了良好的制度保障。
自由是英美文化的核心，自由思想体现了人类自我意识和自我解放的过程，这种解放为人类社会的文明进步奠定了基础。
平等是英美法治文化的体现，它是一个人能够自由发挥才华和创造的基础，一直为人类的发展提供了有力支持。
三、礼仪文化英美文化的礼仪文化和人文气息也一直吸引世界的目光。
英国和美国虽然分别位于亚欧大陆和美洲大陆，但是文化上的交流和互动一直非常广泛和深入，成为有着相同礼仪文化的代表国家之一。
“英吉利”国家是非常重视礼仪和规矩的国家，他们有着传统的礼节，包括“下午茶”、“手指放平”等，有时候做事情也比较繁琐和讲究。
美国则是以开放、自由和活泼为主流文化，他们重视个性，喜欢追求新鲜和独立自主的生活方式。
不论哪种文化，他们的礼仪文化都是值得学习和借鉴的，让我们对人文文化的魅力和历久不衰的吸引都有所了解。
四、人际交往英美文化的人际交往方式更是令人叹服。
他们重视与人沟通和交流，注重人们之间的互动和情感沟通。
英美人容易接纳外来文化，热爱旅游和习惯在交流中分享他们的成功和困境。
他们的社交活动丰富多彩，各有特色，包括庆祝和聚会等多种方式，通过这些社交活动，彼此之间建立了紧密的联系，也展现了英美文化的独特特点和魅力。
新编英美文化总结
新编英美文化总结引言英美文化是世界上最具影响力和广泛传播的文化之一。
英美文化继承了西方文明的伟大传统，融合了不同民族和移民的特点，形成了独特且充满活力的文化体系。
本文将从语言、饮食、音乐、电影和体育等方面对英美文化进行总结，以便更好地了解英美世界的魅力。
语言英语是英美文化的核心，它在全球范围广泛使用并成为国际交流的重要工具。
英美英语有许多共同特点，但也有一些差异。
英式英语注重发音规范，使用较多复杂的句法结构和词汇。
而美式英语则更加注重口语化，使用简洁直接的表达方式。
英语也是诗歌和文学的语言。
英美文化孕育了许多伟大的文学作品和著名的作家，如莎士比亚、奥斯卡·王尔德、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫等。
这些作品不仅影响了英美文化，也对整个世界文学产生了深远的影响。
饮食英美饮食有着丰富多样的特点。
英国是茶文化的代表，下午茶是英国传统习俗之一，人们在下午喝茶和品尝点心。
同时，英国也以英式早餐和酒吧文化闻名。
美国则以汉堡、炸鸡、薯条和披萨等快餐食品为代表，在世界各地享有盛名。
此外，英美文化也有许多特色食物。
英国传统的烤牛肉和烤羊肉是其饮食文化的重要组成部分。
美国的巧克力、烤肉、火鸡等都是世界知名的美食。
音乐英美音乐是世界音乐史上不可忽视的一部分。
英国的流行音乐在全球范围内影响巨大，披头士乐队、皇后乐队、滚石乐队等都是英国音乐界的传奇。
美国则以爵士乐、摇滚乐和流行音乐见长。
爵士乐起源于非裔美国人社区，被誉为美国的独特音乐风格。
摇滚乐则主要起源于20世纪50年代的美国，并随着艾尔维斯·普雷斯利、披头士乐队、滚石乐队等乐队的崛起而迅速传遍全球。
电影英美电影业享有盛誉，许多经典的电影作品承载着英美文化的精髓。
好莱坞是美国电影工业的代表，以其丰富多样的电影类型而闻名。
从黑白无声电影时代的《乱世佳人》到现代的《星球大战》系列，这些电影作品不仅在票房上大获成功，也在影响全球电影制作的发展方向。
英国电影也有着自己的特色。
百科知识英美文化
百科知识英美文化英美文化是指英国和美国这两个英语为母语的国家所拥有的独特文化特点和价值观念。
这两个国家的文化是由历史、地理、政治、宗教、经济等多种因素所塑造的，具有丰富多样性和深厚底蕴。
本文将从几个方面介绍英美文化的百科知识，并探讨其在世界范围内的影响力。
第一部分：历史文化英美文化的形成有着悠久的历史背景。
英国是西方现代文明的摇篮，具有众多的文化遗产和历史传统。
文艺复兴时期的英国文化产生了众多杰出的文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的史诗。
随后，英国的工业革命为现代化的发展奠定了基础，也为英美文化的传播提供了外在条件。
美国作为一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，形成了自己独特的文化特点。
独立战争后，美国迅速崛起为世界强国，其宪法和独立宣言为后来的民主国家树立了榜样。
美国的文化产业在世界范围内具有强大的影响力，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、时尚等都成为许多人向往的梦想。
第二部分：宗教和价值观宗教在英美文化中扮演着重要角色。
英国是基督教的发源地，天主教和新教在这里有着广泛的传承。
英国君主制度的建立与英国国教的关系密切，而美国则以宗教自由为基石，成为了宗教多元化的典范。
宗教信仰对于英美人民的价值观念、道德观念和社会伦理有着深远的影响。
价值观方面，英美文化强调个人自由、民主理念和人权意识。
言论自由、宪法权利以及平等机会等是英美文化中重要的组成部分。
敬重与关心他人、尊重异议、鼓励创新等也是英美文化的核心价值观。
这些价值观通过影视作品、文学作品等形式传播，受到全球范围内的认同和追捧。
第三部分：文化产业英美文化产业以其优秀的内容和先进的生产技术而闻名于世。
英国的BBC、英国博物馆以及众多的文学作品是英国文化的重要代表，而美国的好莱坞电影工业、音乐产业和科技创新更是世界范围内的引领者。
英美文化产业的成功得益于其对创意和艺术的重视，也受益于英语的全球传播。
第四部分：英美文化的全球影响由于英美文化在全球范围内的传播与影响，英语成为了全球最重要的通用语言之一。
英美国家文化概况知识点总结
Note 1:ENGLISH CULTUREINTRODUCTION:The World : a Sphere/Globe2 elements: Land + Water:7 CONTINENTS + 5 OCEANSAsia, Africa, Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian,North America, South America, Arctic, SouthernAustralia, AntarcticaThere are more than200 COUNTRIES. …. 25% (1/4) speak ENGLISH.*ENGLISH is THE International Language *WHERE did ENGLISH Originate?Background: The earliest successful Civilisations are known to have existedthousands of years ago. eg Egyptian, Greek, RomanBy 1st Century BC, the Roman Empire had spread north through much of Europe. The Romans were noted for their organized,educated and developed Society.- 54 BC : ROMAN INVASION of GREAT BRITAINThe Romans conquered the CELTS (local people). Some were killed, some joined the Romans, some were forced West (Wales) or North (Scotland).440 AD : The Romans returned to Rome because of threatsfrom the North.- 5th and 6th CENTURIES: ANGLO-SAXON INVASION of GREAT BRITAINThe Angles and Saxons from Northern EUROPE conquered the Roman-Celts.Once again, the Celts withdrew to Wales and Scotland.Note 2:1066 AD: NORMAN INVASION of GREAT BRITAINThe Normans (from Normandy: France) conquered theAnglo-Saxons. They commenced the English Monarchy.William the Conqueror became the 1st King.-1100 AD – 1300 AD: England and France fought many Wars for land in France. Eventually French lands were returned to France. The “English” had only GB.-1349-1350 AD: “Black Death”(disease) killed many people in GB and Europe.13th & 14th Centuries AD: Sailors (from England, Spain, Portugal) made many voyages SOUTH of Europe. In time,they sailed around Africa and discovered the“East Indies”.Eventually, they sailed around the WORLD. Many lands were claimed for their home country because of the riches found there.(Spices, cloth, precious stones). This was whenCOLONISATION started.15th Century AD: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION began.Sailors continued exploring. French, Dutch and Germans also claimed colonies in other parts of the world.-1476 AD: The PRINTING PRESS was invented.17th & 18th Centuries AD: TRANSPORT andMANUFACTURING Industries were mechanised. Manypeople had no job because of mechanisation.The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION helped Britain become the most advanced and most Powerful nation in the World.-2000 AD: The BRITSH EMPIRE was the largest in the World with the best NAVY.Note 3:1914-1918: World War I-1939-1945: World War IIBritish soldiers fought alongside the “Allies”(friends) from Europe and British Colonies. The Debt caused by these wars cost Britain dearly.After WWII, Britain gave independence to itsColonies…they separate countries now.The British Empire was replaced : NOW: Commonwealth of Nations.Why do WE learn ENGLISH?From 14th Century:Spanish, Portuguese, British sailors explored and claimed foreign lands for their King.By the end 19th Century: The British Empire was the largest…25% of the World’s countries spoke ENGLISHBritain’s dominance was reduced after WW I and WWTODAY : There are 54 Commonwealth Countries where– English is the 1st: England, Scotland, Wales, N Ireland, Australia, Canada, New Zealandor 2nd language: India, Pakistan, South Africa, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Sri Lanka +++…Note 4:LANDMARKS of LONDON1.Westminster Abbey : 1066 : Coronation of William (1stKing)2.Tower of London :Commenced : 1066*used as: a Castle in 1078 by William the Conquerora prison from 1100and soldiers barracks16th,17th Centuries: The Royal Mint, Crown Jewels3.Tower Bridge crosses Thames River near Tower of London.4.Westminster Abbey: continued to be built from 1245;Monarchs crowned and buried there. 1953: Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II5.Westminster Palace: home of Royalty until destroyed by fire15126.Houses of Parliament : rebuilt 1834 : copy of WestminsterPalace.7.Big Ben, now Elizabeth Tower, 1858- largest 4-face clocktower in the World, part of Houses of Parliament.8.Victoria Tower : tallest tower of Houses of Parliament; honourslongest reinging British Monarch: Queen Victoria(75years)9.Buckingham Palace: built 1838, working centre and home ofRoyalty10.Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace11.Trafalgar Square near National Museum and Art Galleries,honours Battle of Trafalgar lead by Lord Nelson; Nelson’sColumnSpecial Structures:MODERN:London Eye= Millenium Eye -1999, large ferris wheel:panoramic views of LondonOLD: Westminster Abbey - 1066 ADANCIENT: Stonehenge – 3000 BC : pre-historic monument, possibly a burial site, circular arrangement of HUGESTONES; l ocated south of London。
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英国：
1、The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2、The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain(the larger one)and Ireland,and hundreds of small ones.
3、（UK）capital:London
4、There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England,Scotland,and Wales.England is the largest,most populous and richest.
5、The British Empire（大英帝国）:one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in1931.The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.
6、The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The English Channel lies between Britain and France.
7、The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis（本尼维斯山）,1,343m in Scotland.The longest river is the Severn River（塞文河）（338km）;the second largest and most important river is the Thames River（336km）. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh（内伊湖）in Northern Ireland.
8、The English are Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）,but the Scots,
Welsh and Irish are Celts（凯尔特人）.
9、Britain is an island country.It is surrounded by the sea.It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.
10、Chunnel stands for channel and tunnel which was cut under the Straits of Dover.With it England and France join together by road.
11、90%of the population is urban and only10%is rural.
12、The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.The monarch actually has no real power.The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament.Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in1688.Parliament consists of the Sovereign（君主）,the House of Lords （上议院）and the House of Commons（下议院）.
13、British constitution is made up of statute law,common law and conventions.
14、The festivals:Christmas,Easter,and Whit Sunday.
15、The most typically English of sports is cricket(板球).。