直接英语与间接引语

English Grammar ( The Third lesson)

直接引语和间接英语

引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。例如：

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。

Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。

二、直接引语是陈述句时

直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1、人称的变化

He said , “I like it very much.”

→He said _ very much.

He said, “You told me this story.”

→He said that this story.

He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.

He told me that left book in room.

2、时态的变化

（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时

直接引语间接引语

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应

变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”

→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.

1.He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he the knife.他说他正在用小刀。

2.She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”

→She said that she from him since May.

3.He said ，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he to help me.他说他来帮助我。

4.He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He said that he his homework before supper.

5.Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”

→Zhou Lan said that she it after class.

注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”

→The teacher said that the ea rth is round.

（三 ）一般疑问句

一般现在时

现在进行时

现在完成时 一般过去时

过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)

一般将来时 一般将来进行时 一般将来完成时

一般疑问句，变为间接英语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked，由if或whether引导。

He said, “ Are you interested in English?”

He interested in English.

She said, “Did you see him last night?”

She him the night before.

特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。

“What do you want?” he asked me.

He asked me .

“What do you call your diary? She asked Ann.

She asked Anne her diary.

四．祈使句

转述祈使句时，在动词前加to ，变成tell、ask，order sb to do sth 即可

The hostess said to us , “ Please sit down.”

The hostess us .

Father said to him , “ Go away.”

Father him .

He said , “Don’t make so much noise.”

He the boys make so much noise.

即学即练：将直接引与改为间接引语

1He said:“I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.”

3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”

5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” 7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”

8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”

9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”