语法-省略句PPT课件

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省略表语：
❖-- Are you thirsty? ❖-- Yes, I am. ❖His brother is not lazy, nor is
his sister.
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同时省略几个成分：
❖ -- Are you feeling better now? ❖ -- Much better. ❖ -- Have you finished your work? ❖ -- Not yet.
❖Beg your pardon. ❖Thank you for your help. ❖See you tomorrow. ❖Doesn’t matter.
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省略主谓或主谓语的一部分：
❖No smoking. ❖Anything else? ❖This way, please. ❖Have a smoke?
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❖ 状语从句： ❖ （1）If heated, water will boil. ❖ （2）Tom was attacked by cramp
while swimming across the river. ❖ （3）We’ll go to help you if
necessary. ❖ （4）Had I time, I would come. ❖ （5）I’ll go, should it be necessary.
the second. ❖ （4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of
animal life. 9
3. 复合句中的省略：
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限制性定语从中：
❖ 在限定性定语从句中 ❖ 作宾语的关系代词that，
which,whom可以省略；the way后面 的定语从句中，可以省略that，. 18
❖不定式符号to 的省略：
❖I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
❖但如有对比关系，则不可省略to:
❖To go home or to stay at school during the vacation is not decided.
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❖ 在某些状语从句中，从句的主语是it,其 后的动词be 及其主语可一起省略：
❖Help him if possible. ❖If necessary, I shall go.
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❖ 宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与 主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同， 可将从句部分的谓语省略。
❖ （1）We will do what we can（do）to help you.
❖ （2）—Is Mr. King in his office? ❖ —Sorry, I don’t know（whether he is in
his office or not）.
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❖ 4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式 结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不 定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。
❖ （1）—Would you like to go with us ?
❖ —I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
❖ （2）Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.
❖ （3）—Have you ever been to the seaside?
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2. 并列句中的省略：
❖ 在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾 语等都可以省略：
❖ （1）They learn French and we English. ❖ （2）My father planned and built all
these houses. ❖ （3）John won the first race and Jimmy
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主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代 替，如：
－Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday? －I think ssoo. I’m leaving for Beijing this Sunday.
－Tom must be free today. －If so. He can help us.
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省略宾语：
❖ -- Do you know Miss Gao? ❖ -- I don’t know. ❖ --Are you going there? ❖ --I’d like to. ❖ He did not give me the chance,
though he had promised to.
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❖ 在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的 主语一致时，可省去从句的“主语+be” 部分：
❖ When a child, he often asked many interesting questions.
❖ I’m going with you if free. ❖ The river is clean where deep. ❖ Though old, he works hard. ❖ He opened his lips as if to speak.
省略句
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什么是省略句呢？
❖ 省略是为了避免重复、突出新信 息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语 法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤 其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的 现象。
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1. 简单句中的省略：
❖在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈 论的对象，则可以省略句子的 主语，省略主语和谓语的现象 在交际用语中出现的很多。
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省略主语：
he is free.
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－It is going to rain, isn’t it? －I hope not.
it is not going to rain.
这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so. 及I suppose /believe /hope not. Why not?等等。