2019年英语专业八级真题听力 Mini-lecture(3)
2019年专业英语八级考试真题
2019年专业英语八级考试真题PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smokinga cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一 he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the imageof itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. Youhave to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured upthe picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking(Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice”are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly,a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a tastefor flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor”in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence”refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para.2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para.3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5? PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.What does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有 " 北国江南 " 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019年专八真题完整版(包含MINI-LECTURE)word资料31页
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the secondquarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green BlueBook" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doingthat for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing hislifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly allour minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attractblood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton,alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment oncampus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications. TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the firstpage to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the littlepark. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selectedscholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in whichwriters have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.。
2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray c olor,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. You have to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s politicalstance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.G reeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner o f walking (Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die ban dits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dyin g. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremel y primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para. 2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuse s to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture、 You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY、 While listening tothe mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap、 Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable、You may use the blank sheet for note-taking、You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task、Now, listen to the mini-lecture、 When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work、SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews、 At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said、 Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY、 After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO、You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices、Now, listen to the first interview、 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview、1、A、Environmental issues、B、Endangered species、C、Global warming、D、Conservation、2、A、 It is thoroughly proved、B、it is definitely very serious、C、It is just a temporary variation、D、It is changing our ways of living、3、A、 Protection of endangered animals* habitats、B、Negative human impact on the environment、C、Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth、D、The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth、4、A、 Nature should take its course、B、People take things for granted、C、Humans are damaging the earth、D、Animals should stay away from zoos、5、A、 Objective、B、Pessimistic、C、Skeptical、D、Subjective、Now, listen to the second interview、 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview、6、A、 Teachers’ resistance to change、B、Students’ inadequate ability to read、C、Teachers’ misunderstanding o f such literacy、D、Students ’ indifference to the new method、7、A、Abilities to complete challenging tasks、B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge、C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork、D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work、8、A、 Recalling specific information、B、Understanding particular details、C、Examining sources of information、D、Retelling a historical event、9、A、 Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program、B、Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is、C、Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers、D、Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides、10、A、 To argue for a case、B、To discuss a dispute、C、To explain a problem、D、To present details、PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions、 For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO、PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow、 So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up、 He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be、 Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels、 He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right、 It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort、On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast、 If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake、 But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank、 Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet、 In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy、 French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby、 For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly、(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement、 Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives、 Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and alongthe subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms、 Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace、He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened、After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the、papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day、But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning、And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock、He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father、 After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business、 The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business、 But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid、 He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due、 Before evening, he'd know、(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby、(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes、 They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers、 He dressed well、 It didn't seem necessary 一he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well、 He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands、He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie、 As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away、 The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White、 It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons、 Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits、 Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight、 This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath、 Together, the two men gazed at it、(5)Then Rubin 、said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman、”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin、 “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago、”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way、 Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive、 He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt、 His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness、 He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way、 Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years、 In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out ofa tree、 Wilhelm had great charm still、(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way、“It isn’t washable、 Youhave to send it to the cleaner、 It never smells as good as washed、 But it，s a nice shirt、 It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks、*'11、Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ 、A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12、Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all 、A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to sC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13、How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para、 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming、B.He was worried that his father was late、C.He was feeling at ease among the old、D.He was excited about a possible job offer、14、Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para、 4)?A.The necktie、B.The cuffs、C.The suit、D.The shirt、15、What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better、B.He cared much about his clothes、C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt、D.The clothes he wore never quite matched、PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States、 It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept upwith the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class、 New York was the place where the “new” Ame rica was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there、(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York、 By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life、 On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all、 Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights、 If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing、(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life、 These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley、 Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun、Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841、 Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War、 Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons、 The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before、 Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party、Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual、He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising、 Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party、Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values、 He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley、He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman、Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country、Bennett was only interested in his newspaper、 He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read、 And when he found out he gave it to them、(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike、 Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy、 Both were incurable eccentrics、 Neither was a gentleman、 Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor、Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed、 Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper —marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat、 He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles、He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the ill ustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr、Pickwick、Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper、 The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once、”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring、 A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion、 His eyes did not focus right、 They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time、 He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner、 He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities、He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr、 Pickwick、 Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms、All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age、(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business、 They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it、 When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor、 Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street、 Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough、16、Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para、 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper、B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper、C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination、D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage、17、Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para、 3)7Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party、Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals、Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values、Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values、18、Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greele y’s manner of walking (Para、 4)?A.Exaggeration、B.Paradox、C.Analogy、D.Personification、19、In Para、 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20、How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para、 6?A.He had achieved business success first、B.He started his career earlier than Bennett、C.He got initial support from a political party、D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship、PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day、 What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata、(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role、(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them、 These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills、 Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from、They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s、(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru、They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence、Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant、(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport、And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free、Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions、(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when h e then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s、The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors、(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion、(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern、Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized、Many of their charitable acts later became legends、(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying、The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down、Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it、And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope、(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is、He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all、 Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power、 That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them、 They cannot abolish oppression、 But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek、(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he、 But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit、 In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo、 But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films、 When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten、 This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang、21、Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para、 1)、B.Claimed (Para、 4)、C.Legend (Para、 2)、D.Loyalty (Para、 4)、22、Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior、B.They wanted to help the poor country folk、C.They were unwilling to accept injustice、D.They had very few careers open to them、23、、、、、began their careers harshly victimized” (Para、 9) means that they 、A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24、What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they 、A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A、 Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO、PASSAGE ONEIn and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para、1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years a ccording to Para、 6? PASSAGE TWOSummarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para、 2、What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para、 3)?What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras、 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREEWrite down TWO features of the idealist pattern、(Para 9)Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)What does “He is an indivi dual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors、 Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error、 In each case, only ONE word is involved、 You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English、Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE、白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 得说法，但村舍得形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019年专八真题完整版（包含MINI-LECTURE）word资料31页
2019年专八真题完整版（包含MINI-LECTURE）word资料31页TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Nowlisten to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At theend of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the secondquarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water FootprintNetwork. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green BlueBook" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized Icould make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doingthat for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofitpurposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing hislifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly allour minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather fora dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the firstpage to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'mreading a lot to pick up my education."。
2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in theblue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. Youhave to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look pa rticularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place w here the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustra tions of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s politicalstance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and f or many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the ban dit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s charac teristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para. 2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
专八听力精听填空mini lecture
专八听力精听填空mini lecture
专八听力精听填空Mini Lecture，是英语专业八级考试中听力理解部分的一个题型，旨在测试考生对听力材料的理解和信息捕捉能力。
这个题型通常会播放一段约200字的短文，然后要求考生在听到的问题中，从所给的四个
选项中选出正确答案。
以下是精听填空Mini Lecture的一些技巧：
1. 提前阅读选项：在播放听力材料之前，先阅读问题和选项，了解需要寻找的信息。
对于一些明显的错误选项，可以提前排除。
2. 抓住关键词：听力材料播放时，注意捕捉关键词，这些词通常是名词、动词等实词，有助于确定答案。
3. 注意细节：听力材料中可能会提到一些具体的细节信息，如时间、地点、人物等，这些信息可能成为答案的关键。
4. 排除干扰信息：有时听力材料中会出现一些与问题无关的信息，或者有多个信息点与问题相关，需要仔细辨别，排除干扰。
5. 及时记录：对于一些关键信息，可以在纸上简单记录，这样有助于回忆和筛选答案。
6. 确认答案：在选择答案后，要再次确认答案是否与听力材料中的信息一致，避免因为疏忽而选错。
总之，精听填空Mini Lecture需要考生具备较高的听力理解和信息捕捉能力。
通过提前阅读选项、抓住关键词、注意细节、排除干扰信息、及时记录和确认答案等技巧，可以帮助考生更好地应对这个题型。
2019专八真题
2019专⼋真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture、 You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY、 While listening tothe mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap、 Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable、You may use the blank sheet for note-taking、You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task、Now, listen to the mini-lecture、 When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work、SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews、 At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said、 Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY、 After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO、You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices、Now, listen to the first interview、 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview、1、A、Environmental issues、B、Endangered species、C、Global warming、D、Conservation、2、A、 It is thoroughly proved、B、it is definitely very serious、C、It is just a temporary variation、D、It is changing our ways of living、3、A、 Protection of endangered animals* habitats、B、Negative human impact on the environment、C、Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth、D、The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth、4、A、 Nature should take its course、B、People take things for granted、C、Humans are damaging the earth、D、Animals should stay away from zoos、5、A、 Objective、B、Pessimistic、C、Skeptical、D、Subjective、Now, listen to the second interview、 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview、6、A、 Teachers’ resistance to change、B、Students’ inadequate ability to read、C、Teachers’ misunderstanding o f such literacy、D、Students ’ indifference to the new method、7、A、Abilities to complete challenging tasks、B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge、C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork、D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work、8、A、 Recalling specific information、B、Understanding particular details、C、Examining sources of information、D、Retelling a historical event、9、A、 Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program、B、Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is、C、Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers、D、Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides、10、A、 To argue for a case、B、To discuss a dispute、C、To explain a problem、D、To present details、PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions、 For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO、PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow、 So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up、 He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra —and he knew what acting should be、 Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels、 He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right、 It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort、On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast、 If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake、 But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank、 Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet、 In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy、 French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby、 For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly、(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement、 Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives、 Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and alongthe subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, thetearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms、 Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace、He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened、After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the、papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day、But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning、And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock、He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father、 After breakfast ⼀ out, out, out to attend to business、 The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business、 But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid、 He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due、 Before evening, he'd know、(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby、(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes、 They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers、 He dressed well、 It didn't seem necessary ⼀he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well、 He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands、He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie、 As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away、 The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White、 It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons、 Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits、 Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight、 This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath、 Together, the two men gazed at it、(5)Then Rubin 、said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman、”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin、 “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago、”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way、 Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive、 He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt、 His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness、 He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way、 Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years、 In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (⽆檐⼩帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out ofa tree、 Wilhelm had great charm still、(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way、“It isn’t washable、 Youhave to send it to the cleaner、 It never smells as good as washed、 But it，s a nice shirt、 It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks、*'11、Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ 、A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12、Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all 、A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to sC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13、How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para、 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming、B.He was worried that his father was late、C.He was feeling at ease among the old、D.He was excited about a possible job offer、14、Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para、 4)?A.The necktie、B.The cuffs、C.The suit、D.The shirt、15、What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better、B.He cared much about his clothes、C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt、D.The clothes he wore never quite matched、PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States、 It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept upwith the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class、 New York was the place where the “new” Ame rica was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there、(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York、 By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life、 On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all、 Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights、 If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing、(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life、 These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley、 Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun、Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841、 Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War、 Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons、 The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before、 Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party、Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual、He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising、 Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party、Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values、 He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley、He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman、Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country、Bennett was only interested in his newspaper、 He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read、 And when he found out he gave it to them、(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike、 Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy、 Both were incurable eccentrics、Neither was a gentleman、 Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor、Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed、 Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper —marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat、 He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles、He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the ill ustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr、Pickwick、Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper、 The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once、”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring、 A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion、 His eyes did not focus right、 They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time、 He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner、He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities、He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr、 Pickwick、 Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms、All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age、(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business、They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it、 When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor、 Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street、 Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough、16、Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para、 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper、B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper、C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination、D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage、17、Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para、 3)7Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party、Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals、Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values、Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values、18、Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greele y’s manner of walking (Para、 4)?A.Exaggeration、B.Paradox、C.Analogy、D.Personification、19、In Para、 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20、How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para、 6?A.He had achieved business success first、B.He started his career earlier than Bennett、C.He got initial support from a political party、D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship、PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day、 What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata、(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role、(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them、 These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills、 Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from、They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s、(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru、They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence、Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant、(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport、And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free、Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions、(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when h e then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s、The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he isa “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors、(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion、(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern、Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized、Many of their charitable acts later became legends、(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying、The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down、Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it、And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope、(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is、He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all、 Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power、 That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them、 They cannot abolish oppression、 But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek、(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he、But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit、 In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen”is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo、 But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films、 When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten、 This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang、21、Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para、 1)、B.Claimed (Para、 4)、C.Legend (Para、 2)、D.Loyalty (Para、 4)、22、Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior、B.They wanted to help the poor country folk、C.They were unwilling to accept injustice、D.They had very few careers open to them、23、、、、、began their careers harshly victimized” (Para、 9) means that they 、A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24、What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they 、A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A、 Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO、PASSAGE ONEIn and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para、1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years a ccording to Para、 6? PASSAGE TWO Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para、 2、What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para、 3)?What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras、 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREEWrite down TWO features of the idealist pattern、(Para 9)Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)What does “He is an indivi dual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors、 Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error、 In each case, only ONE word is involved、 You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English、Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE、⽩洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 得说法，但村舍得形制⾃具特⾊，与江南截然不同。
2019英语专业八级真题及答案
2019 英语专业八级真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. Y ou. will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer s heet.Questions 1 to 5are b ased o n an interview. At the end o f the interview you willbe given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1.Which o f the fo llowing statem ents is TRUE ab o ut Miss Green’s universitydays?A.She felt bored.B.She felt lonely.C.She cherished them.D.The s ubject was easy.2.Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?A.Doing surveys at workplace.B.Analyzing survey results.C.Designing questionnaires.D.Taking a psychology course.3.According t o Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA.the nature of work.B.office decoration.C.office location.D.work procedures.4.Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A.She felt unhappy inside the company.B.She felt work there too demanding.C.She was denied promotion in the company.D.She longed for new opportunities.5.How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A.She was willing and r eady.B.She sounded m ildly eager.C.She a bit surprised.D.She s ounded very reluctant.SECTION C N EWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer s heet.Questions 6 and 7 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.6.The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted toA.destroy the European Central Bank.B.have an interview with a TV station.C.circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D.remember the death of a US astronaut.7.Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A.He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B.He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C.He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D.He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.8.The news is mainly about the city government’s plan toA.expand and improve the existing subway system.B.build underground malls and parking lots.C.prevent further land subsidence.D.promote advanced t echnology.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the newsitem, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.9.According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA.that it can hear the owner’s voice.B.that it can remember a password.C.that it can identify the owner’s v oice.D.that it can remember the owner’s PIN.10.The newly developed credit card is said to said to h ave all the following EXCEPTA.switch.B.ba t ery.C.speaker.D.built-in c hip.参考答案：Section A Mini-lecture1.the author2.other works3.literary trends4.grammar,dictionor uses of image5.cultural codes6.cultural7.the reader8.social9.reader competency10.social sructure,traditions of writing or political cultural influences,etc. Section B Interview1-5 CDDDASection C N ews Broadcast6-10 DCBCAPART II READING COMPREHENSION(30MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AThe University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks o n tomorrow’s universities by writers representing both Western and mon -Western perspectives. T h eir essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly everykey assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is theInternet University - a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically sca t t ered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized u niversity could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, andready access for students everywhere to the re so urce s o f all the wo rld’s great libraries.Y et the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line o f franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand n ame of afamous institution, and h eavily advertised, might eventually cometo dominate the global education market, warns sociology profe s s or Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculu m,such a“colle g e ed ucatio n in a b o x”co uld und e rse ll theofferings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving thenout of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content - or other dangers - will necessarily follow. Counter-movementsare also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning t he fundamental mi s s ion of university education. What if, for instance,instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and researchefforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education shouldbe one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-ed itor Je nnifer Gid ley show s how tom o r r ow’s university faculty,inste adof giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three newroles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best courseofferings available frominstitutions all around the world. A second group, mentors,wo uld function m uch like tod ay’s faculty ad vise rs,b ut are likely to b e workingwith many more students outsidetheir own academic specialty. This would requirethem to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty,an d in Gid ley’s view the m ost challeng ing a nd rewarding o f all, would b e as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and p ractitionersleading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual aswell as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems li t t le reasonto suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options.Stud e nts may be“e nro lle d”in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between -or even during - sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and t hinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.11.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,A.he is in favour of it.B.his view is balanced.C.he is slightly critical of it.D.he is s trongly critical of it.12.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the I n ternet University?A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13.According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?A.Knowledge learning and career b uilding.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.bining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14.Ju d g ing fro m t he Three n ew ro les envisioned fo r tom orrow’s unive rsityfaculty, university teachersA, are required to conduct more independent research.B. are required to offer m ore course to their students……C. are s upposed to assume more demanding duties.D. are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15.Which category of writing does the review belong to?A.Narration.B.DescriptionC.persuasionD.Exposition.TEXT BEvery street had a story, every building a memory, Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the s treets of their hometowns and happily rollback the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible.After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he wasanxious to get o ut.The town had chang ed,bu t then it had n’t.On the hig hways le ad in g in,th echeap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possiblenext to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. Alandowner could build anything wiih no permit no inspection, no notice to adjoining landowners. nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the y ear.B u t in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at allThe long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Kay roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed o n the new owners kept the lawns clipped and t he shu t t ers painted. Only afew were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwri t t en rule in the town that li t t lewas done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, restand relax the way God intended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he touredhis old turf, killing time untilthe appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played littleL e ag ue fo r t he Pirate s,a nd(he re was the pu b lic p o o l he’d s wumin e ve ry sum m e rexcept 1969 when the city closed it rather than admit black children. There werethe churches - Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian - facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, hut in an hour or so the more faithful would gatherfor evening services.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton w as just large enough to have attracted the discount stores thathad wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants,and there wasn’t s sing le em p ty or b oard ed-up building around the square - no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with thebanks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the oldpart, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the family money he’d never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to hismother’s grave, something he hadn’t done in years. She was buried among theAtlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.So on,in less th an an ho ur,he would b e sitting in his fath er’s stud y,sip p ingbad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give, many decrees and directions, becausehis father(who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about howhe was to be remembered.Moving ag ain,Ray p asse d the water t ower h e’d clim b ed twice,the secondtime with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a placehe’d never visited since he’d left it.Behind it was the foo tb all field where hisbrother Fo r r est had rompedover opponents andalmost became famous beforegetting bounced off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16.From the first paragraph, we get the impression thatA.Ray cherished his childhood m emories.B.Ray had something u rgent to t ake care of.C.Ray may not have a happy childhood.D.Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17.Which of the following adjectives does NOT describe Ray’s hometown?A.Lifeless.B.Religious.C.Traditional.D.Quiet.18.Form t he pa s s age we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents wasA.close.B.remote.C.tense.D.impossible to tell.19.It can be inferred from the passage that Ray’s father was all EXCEPTA.considerate.B.punctual.C.thrifty.D.dominant.TEXT CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe.Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seemtoharmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time,when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vende t t a; everyclan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debtsare left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on thewhole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly mightpass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough t o yield with li t t le labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle andthe British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere m orea p p reciated t han in the I ndian highlands. A weapon which would k ill with accuracyat fift e e n hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family orcla n which could acq uire it.One co uld act ually rem ain in one’s own house andfire a t one’s neig hb our nearly a m ile away.One could lie in wait on som e hig hcrag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulousprices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward s e e med to be li t le better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathanmade forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences t o o k place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys,scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done.No o ne w ould h ave minded t hese expeditions if they had s imply come, had a fightand then gone a way again. In many cases this was their practice under what wascalled the “butcher and bolt policy” to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of thevalleys, and i n particular the great road t o C hitral.They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and bysubsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But thewhole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20.The word d e bts in “very few debts are left unpaid”in the first paragraphmeansA． loans. B ． accounts C ．killings D．bargains.21.Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting snows.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys.22.According to the passage, the Pathans welcomedA.the introduction of the rifle.B.the spread of British rule.C.the extension of l uxuriesD.the spread o f trade.23.Building roads by the BritishA.put an end to a whole series of quarrels.B.prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds.C.lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.D.gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24.A suitable title for the passage would beA.Campaigning o n the Indian frontier.B.Why the Pathans resented the British rule.C.The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.D.The P athans at war.TEXT D“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’sAcad e m y a nd A risto tle’s Lyce umh ad a m o us eio n,a m use s’sh rine.Altho ug h theGr e e ks already collected detachedworks of art, many temples - notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) - had collections ofobjects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as wellas mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings(mostly G reek)for exhib ition.Meanwhile,the Gr e e k word had sli p p edinto Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses’shrine”.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries - which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amberor coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems - often antique engraved ones - as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, b u t“s ite-sp e cific”,a nd we reco nsid ere d an inte g ral p art b o th o f the fab ric o f thebuildings and of the way of life which went on inside them - and most of thebuildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenthcentury, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work ofany contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation,or even b e t t er,to emu lation;and so cou ld b e consid ered M uses’shrines in th eformer sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere andthe Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary “modern”workswereIn the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industrywhich produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter themin asylum-galleries, of which t he Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museumfunding t ook off,allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and theBritish Museum, the L o uvre was organized, the M useum-Insel was begun in Berlin,and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste withit) inspired the creation of“improving”collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was themost famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.25.The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the first paragraph meansthatA.the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.B.the meaning of the word had changed over the years.C.the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.D.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.26.The idea that museumcould m ean a mountain o r an object originates fromA. the Romans.B. Florence.C. Olympia.D. Greek.27.“……the skill o f the fakers g re w increasingly refined”in the th ird paragraph means thatA. there was a great demand for fakers.B. fakers grew rapidly in number.C. fakers became more skillful.D. fakers became more polite.28.Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century wereA.collected from elsewhere.B.made part of the buildings.C.donated by people.D.bought by churches.29.Modern museums came into existence in order toA.protect royal and church treasures.B.improve existing collections.C.stimulate public interest.D.raise more funds.30.Which is the main idea of the passage?A.Collection and collectors.B.The evolution of m useums.C.Modern museums and their f unctions.D.The birth of museums.11-15 BAACD 16-20 CDBAC 21-25BABAB 26-30 DCBABPART III. 人文知识There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War wasA.Andrew JacksonB.Abraham LincolnC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the British settlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.The IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.S.EliotwrenceC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell T olls is written byA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O’NeilD.Ernest Hemingway37.is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context39.The words”kid,child,offspring”are examples ofA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made byA.HalliayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.Saussure参考答案 : 31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBDPART IV 改错参考答案1.agreeing-agreed2.in which 可有可无3.in his disposal- at his disposal4.enables-enable5.the other English speakers-other English speakers6.old-older7.seen-understood8.take it for granted- take for granted9.or-and10. the most striking of human achievementsV. 汉译英及参考译文中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worri ed about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. You have to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s politicalstance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para. 2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019年专八真题听力理解Mini-lecture难点注释
2019年专八真题听力理解Mini-lecture难点注释2019 专八真题听力理解Mini-lecture 难点注释awkward尴尬的contemptuous鄙视的/ kən`temptʃuəs /wink 眨一只眼（尤指向某人使眼色）power dynamics权力动力学,权利机制, 权力分配nonverbal不用语言的dominance统治；支配stretch out(使) 平躺take up space占用空间open up畅所欲言finish line终点线close up 闭口不言bump into sb碰见某人complement与（某事物）结合（相辅相成）be powerful with sb 对某人强势mirror 相配, 相适合power nonverbal权力的非语言表达chronically长期地，习惯性地physiological生理的，生理机能的 / ,fɪziə`lɑdʒɪkl /in my case在我的这个例子中hormone荷尔蒙; 激素/ `hɔr,moʊn /assertive坚定而自信的/ ə`sɜrtɪv /a game of chance靠碰运气取胜的游戏abstractly抽象地/ˈæbstræktli/dominance hormone优势激素，强势激素stress hormone压力激素，逆境激素run an experiment进行实验high-power pose高能量姿势saliva /səˈlaɪvə/唾液risk tolerance风险承受力，风险容忍度，抗风险能力baseline（实验）基础数据configure配置stress-reactive 感到有压力的power posing强势肢体语言feel shut down觉得挫败stressful紧张的；有压力的evaluative situation评估性情境。
2019年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2019年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATION 5. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Body Language and Mind Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I’d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We’re really fascinated with body language and particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re sometimes interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe a very awkward wink or handshake. So what kind of body language am I talking about? [1] I’m interested in power dynamics, that is, the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are.[2] In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space, and you’re basically opening up. And, and humans do the same thing. So they do this when they’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted. [3] But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up. We make ourselves small. We don’t want to bump into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. [4] So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the other’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. We don’t mirror them. We do the opposite. I’m watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed? [5] I noticed that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power non verbals. They get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space. When they sit down, they’re sort of spread out. They raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. As soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit with their chairs and they make themselves tiny, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also noticed another interesting thing about this. [6]It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. I mean, women are more likely to make themselves small. Women feel chronically less powerful than men, so this is not surprising. The second question concerns our minds. [7] We know that our minds change our bodies, but is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? [8] Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. [9] So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there are also differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you react to stress. Once, we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses. We for two minutes say, “You need to do this or this. “And we also want them to be feeling power. [10] So after two minutes, we will ask them, “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble. Before and after the experiment, we take their samples of saliva for a hormone test. That’s the whole experiment. And this is what we have found. Risk tolerance, which is gambling, what we find is that when you’re in the high-power pose condition, 86% of you will gamble. When you’re in the low-power pose condition, it’s down to only 60% , and that’s a pretty significant difference. [11] Here’s what we find on dominance hormone. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20% increase, and low-power people experience about a 10% decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. [12] Concerning stress hormone, high-power people experience about a 25% decrease, and the low-power people experience about a 15% increase. [13] Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident, or really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways. [14] When I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me, “I don’t believe that. It feels fake. “ Right? So I said, “Fake it till you make it. “ I’m going to leave you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors, and say to yourself, “That’s what I want to do. “ [15] Configure your brain to do the best in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up and get your stress hormone down. Don’t leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn’t show them who I am. Leave thatsituation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am. To sum up, today, we talked about the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power posing which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. OK. Next time, we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.Body Language and Mind Introduction Body language reveals who we are. Nonverbal expressions of 【T1】______ 【T1】______ - feeling powerful: 【T2】______ 【T2】______ —e. g. athletes with arms up in a V sign - feeling powerless: 【T3】______ 【T3】______ —e. g. refusing to bump into the person nearby - people’s behavior tends to become 【T4】______ 【T4】______ in a high- and low-power situation. —people don’t mirror each other. - MBA students exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. —e. g. students with power have strong desire for 【T5】______. 【T5】______ - power nonverbals are also related to 【T6】______. 【T6】______ Relationship between 【T7】______ 【T7】______ - the powerful are more 【T8】______. 【T8】______ - hormones differ with 【T9】______. 【T9】______ - an experiment: —procedure: —adopting high- or low-power poses and completing items —being given 【T10】______ 【T10】______ —having saliva tested —results: —【T11】______: much higher with high-power people 【T11】______ —an increase in 【T12】______in low-power people 【T12】______ —hormonal changes: making brain 【T13】______ 【T13】______ Conclusion - Behavior can 【T14】______. 【T14】______ - Before getting into stressful situations —get your brain ready to 【T15】______ 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：power and dominance解析：细节辨认题。
2019年专业英语八级真题及答案解析
D.It is changing our ways of living.
第18题
A.Protection of endangered animals’ habitats.
B.Negative human impact on the environment.
C.Humans are damaging the earth.
—e. g. athletes with arms up in a V sign
- feeling powerless:【T3】______【T3】______
—e. g. refusing to bump into the person nearby
- people´s behavior tends to become【T4】______【T4】______
- an experiment:
—procedure:
—adopting high- or low-power poses and completing items
—being given【T10】______【T10】______
—having saliva tested —results:
—【T11】______: much higher with high-power people【T11】______
2019年专业英语八级真题及答案解析
(1~15/共15题)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. while listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
最新2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and writeNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra —and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainlyfor his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一 he was behind the counter most of the time —but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflectedin deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’sit from，Saks?” “No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back astep, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,”he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. Youhave to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper —marked-up proofs perhaps —hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peeringover spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked e xactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring.A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at theworld with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemedto fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary asan oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trustedhim, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities.He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms.All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top,the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had alreadyhad a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years,found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himselfwhen he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’spolitical stance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local —over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in de ath, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else couldhave brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen”is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does“evidence” refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years accordingto Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentenceof Para. 2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party”mean according to the context(Para. 3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有 " 北国江南 " 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
专八满分听力Mini-lecture（1-4）
Mini-lecture 1Cultural UnderstandingLike learning a language，developing cultural understanding occurs step by step over time.Here are five stages of cultural understanding veduchina.Stage one：No understanding.一involves no awareness of the new culture：know nobody and few(1)Stage two：Sup erficial understanding.--awareness of (2) aspects of the foreign culture and stereotypes veduchina--stereotytres are(3)Stage three：Growing understanding and possible(4)--awareness of more subtle，less visible traits in foreign culture--unnecessarily bring acceptance veduchina.For anyone，the home culture is(5)Stage four：Greater(6)————understanding.一still(7) have little empathy veduchina一the(8) level is higherStage five：True empathy，and cultural (9)————.—to live in the foreign culture：the amount of time depends Oil(10)Mini-lecture 2 British Educational System1.Primary and secondary educationin Britain1)Children at the age of(1)________go to primary school.2)Students attend secondaryschool until age sixteen.3)Students enter higher education at age eighteen.2.Higher education in Britain1) In England and Wales：—Application for universities：through the UCCA；一Courses：“course”refers to a(2)_______ program，structured with a fixed program of classes；—Classes：a.classes are offered in the UK on a(3)________basis veduchina；b.more emphasi s i s placed on(4)________study；c.students write more essays and take fewer objective tests；d.classes often take the following forms：(5)______，tutorials，seminars.2) In Scotland：—A variety of tertiary level options are available：a.The colleges of further education provide vocational and (6)____education；b.Central institutions don’t directly validate degrees,but many have close ties to(7) .c.Teachers colleges veduchina；d.The standard university degree is a four—year(8)__________；parison between the US and the UK higher education1)Grading：一In the UK，(9)__________are the most common form of study assessment—The US professors grade less strictly than the UK professors veduchina2)Course levels：—Basic courses are not(10)____________at UK universities.Mini-lecture 3 Mass Media in AmericaMass media specifi cally refer to those publications and programs that attempt to serve most or all of the people in a given market.Three groups of mass media in America are briefly introduced.I. N ewspapersA.Reading newspaper is different from watching TV.—for one thing1.detailed(1)_______ of news items2.substantial treatment of news events3.interesting and stimulating opinions4.analysis over important events at home and abroac—for anotheras for the reading places, no(2)_______B.Newspapers are still a big business.—fact one: the large circulation of a number of important newspapers—fact two: the great (3)_______ of newspapers availableII. MagazinesA.great varietyB.wide range of topi csC.different target readers:the well-educated,well-informed,and(4)_____ peopleD.the top three:(5)_______ TV Guide and The Conde Nast SelectIII. Radio and TelevisionA.Radio:a first-class entertainment medium for most Americans一The future of the radio is still(6)___________B.Television--become popular after the invention of(7)_____ and videotape recorders—profound impact on society1.the socialization effect2.a(8)_________ a molder of new of new cultural trends and a molder of attitudes towards these new trends3.revolutionized the marketing of goods4.the enormous cultural impact of TV violent programs5.the impact of TV on(9)_______________To sum up，the mass media in Ameri ca has，to a great extent，changed and will still keep on changing Americans’(10)_________Mini-lecture 4 Government in Britain and the USThe focus of this lecture is different government systems in Britain and the US.Government in Britain:1. National government:the center of government in Britain iS Parliament.一Location of parliament:(1)__________.—Parliament includes the House of Common，the House of lords and the monarch.—the passage of bills:firstly brought to the House of Commons for discussion，then the house of Lords，finally(2)_________2. Local government in Britain，also known as(3)_________一make small laws,only applied in local area—got payment from(4)from national government--elected by people within each town,city or country areaGovernment in the US:1.The federal government—(5)________is the central law-making body in the US.1)the House of Representatives2)the Senate: the higher but less (6)________of the two houses of Congress.—The President has the power of (7)________a bill.—The Supreme Court: the final Court of Appeal in the US.2.The state government—Each state has its own written(8)________—The highest elected official of each state is the Governor.3.The local government—No law of local government can be(9)________with the United Constitution.To sum up，the government in each country is a (n) (10)________of its historicaland modern factors.参考答案：Mini-lecture1 (1)basi c facts (2)negative (3)offensive (4)conflict (5)much better(6)intellectual (7)emotionally (8)comfort (9)respect (10)the individualCulture understanding文化差异Today I will focus on the i ssue of culture understanding. With increasing globalization, the world becomes really small nowadays. As a member of the global, we get more chances to contact foreign cultures. And what if we want to understand foreign culture very well, what should we do? What kinds of process will we experience before we achieve that goal. The answer is not very difficult to imagine. Just like learning a language, developing culture understanding occurs steps by steps over time. Development of culture consciousness is a process that starts the stage no understanding and moves, in the best case, to the stage of true empathy移情作用,[心]神入and culture respect. So an order to make it a clearer explanation about the process, the five stages of culture understanding is presented here.Stage 1 no und erstanding This level involves no awareness of new culture. The point is quite easy to see. For a person who has few chances to get contact with other cultures, a new one sometimes might as well be like something from an unknown planet in outer space. The person does not know anyone from the culture, and has encountered few, if any, basi c facts about the culture; so naturally, the person certainly has no way to understand that culture at all.Stage 2 superficial understanding This level involves awareness of very superficial aspects of foreign culture, frequentl y negative aspects. At this stage of culture awareness, the person knows a few basic facts of new culture. These facts stand out and often serve as the basis of stereotypes 陈规,老套. However, the stereotypes are offensive because they imply that al l people from a certain culture have the same characteristi cs. At this stage of culture awareness, when stereotypes are keenly felt, the person is highly ethnocentric种族[民族]中心主义的,种族[民族, 集团]优越感的that means the person is just focused on his or her own culture as the norm of what is right and comparing the new culture with the better culture back home. Stage 3 growing und erstanding and possible conflict In this stage the learner begins to be aware of more subtle sometimes less visible traits in the foreign culture. I will give you an example here to illustrate this point. A student learned that a given culture focuses on family far more getting things accomplished. As a result, he or she begin to appreciate the huge importance of family value in this culture, so we can see thi s understanding helps the person to see why things operate the w ay they do. But such awareness doesn’t al ways bring acceptance. In this stage the person is still ethnocentri c home culture-oriented, comparing that culture that i s new to his/her old home culture and usually feel his/her home culture is much better. I think some of you, as English majors, may have the exactly same experiences when you come to be familiar with your foreign t eachers or friends. You do appreciate some of their cultures but you just can’t accept them from the bottom of your heart.Stage 4 great intellectual culture und erstanding At this stage the learner begins to comprehend intellectually the peopl e in the foreign culture yet they are still a little emotional empathy. The person can not feel what it is like to be a member of that culture, the learner thus starts to see things intellectually through the eye of culture bearers at the least part of the time, but they just can’t really feel the same way the members of foreign culture feel. The learner begins to shed ethnocentrism a little bi t and starts to understand new culture more deeply. The person knows why thing are done in the way they are done and accept these things with less irritation. So you can see now the learner obviously comprehend the briefs and actions of people in the culture, the comfort level is higher, and the person does not complain the extensively about the culture differences. That makes a big sense in the process of culture understanding.Stage 5 true empathy and culture resp ect This level is the highest one of culture awareness. To attain this level, the learner must actually live in the foreign culture for some time. As for how long the learner must live in such a culture so that they can reach stage five. The amount of time is variable, greatly depending on the individual. At the fifth stage, unlike the previous stages the learner does not just see things intellectually from the viewpoint of the culture some or most of the time, instead he/she actually feel the part of culture, respects the culture fully and emphasizes emotionally with those who have lived all their life in that culture. By doing so, the person, in real sense, achieves a true culture understanding.In summary, today’s lecture is centered on the stages and growth of culture consciousness. Altogether there are five. 1 no understanding means one does not know anyone from that culture knows few, if any, facts. 2 superficial understanding means one knows some superficial facts and stereotypes. 3 growing understanding and possible conflict means one is aware of moresubtle traits but may experience culture conflicts probably believes one’s own culture is superior. 4 great inte llectual culture understanding means one understands the culture intellectually but not emotionally. 5 true empathy and culture respect means one understands the culture both intellectually and emotionally, can feel what the people in the culture feel. Hope the lecture will be helpful in your nurturing of your culture awareness. Thanks for your patience.Mini-lecture2(1)five (2)degree (3)modular (4)independent/self-directed (5)lectures (6)technical(7)local businesses (8)Honors degree (9)written examinations (10) commonBritish Educational SystemToday I’ll talk about the British educational system, including the primary and secondary education and the higher education in Britain. Meanwhile, I’ll try to make a comparison between the US an d the UK higher education.First, I’ll briefly introduce the primary and secondary education in Britain. In England and Wales, students study in primary schools from age five until eleven. They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams. After passing the GCSE exams, students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level exams, called "A levels." At eighteen, they enter higher education to focus on a parti cular subject, called a "course."Now let’s move on to the higher education in Britain. First I’ll talk about the general practi ces in England and Wales, and then the general practices in Scotland.In England and Wales, prospective university students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on Admissions (UCCA). Students do not apply directly to the universities themselves. Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree "course." A degree course normally takes three or four years to complete. At most universities students study only one major subject. Each course i s structured with a fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly, universities in the United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular(课程教学)以单元为基础的basis, whi ch allows students to broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program. This modularization, however, has not replaced the traditional British degree course with the American concept of credit accumulation. In addition, there is generally a sharp distinction between the arts and sciences and there is seldom any cross-over between the two.At a British university, more emphasis i s placed on independent, self-directed study than in the United States. Required texts and definite reading assignments are less common. More typi cally, an extensive reading list covering all topi cs to be discussed is di stributed at the start of the course to be used for independent research. British students typically consult a large number of sources from the library rather than intensively studying a few books purchased by everyone taking a course. In addition, students are required to write more essays and take fewer objective tests than at U.S. institutions. Classes often take the following forms: lectures, which are sometimes completely optional; tutorials, in whi ch a small number of students meet with the lecturer; and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar essays. Unlike the U.S. system of regular testing in a course, British students sit for final examinations that cover the full year's work and determine the grades for the class. With the growth of modularization, however, there has al so been an increase in the number and variety of modules offered on a semester basi s.In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary第三的,第三位的level options available for students, the most important of whi ch are the colleges of further education, the central institutions, teachers colleges and the universities. The colleges of further education provide vocational and technical education, and enroll more students than all other tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the Higher National Diploma (HND), bachelor's degrees and some specialized master's degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and tend to offer a narrower range of subjects than the universities. Many have close ties to local businesses, offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a period of practical training.Scottish universities are quite di stinct from their British counterparts. In fact, they more closely resemble European or American universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree (BA Hons). Students are rarelyadmitted directly to a degree "course." Usually they are admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish university students begin with a broad-based program during the first year and choose a specialization专门[业]化after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This i s a broad-based degree that (unlike in England) does not represent a "failed" Honors degree.Next, let’s compare the US and the UK highe r education from two aspects,]namely, grading and course levels.First, about the Grading. In the UK, assessment methods vary by institution and tend to reflect the UK teaching method and style. Written examinations, whi ch are held at the end of a year or, in some cases, in the final undergraduate year only, are the most common form of study assessment. There i s no official method of equating British and American educational qualifications. The educational systems are very different and attempts to compare them must be done on a strictly provisional basis. Many U.S. institutions have already developed systems of assessing their study abroad students or equating British grades to U.S. grades.Professors at UK institutions grade more stri ctly than their counterparts in the United States. As a result, American students studying in the UK often perceive that they have performed poorly in their classes, when they have not. Grades are given as percentages rather than letter grades. Forty percent is the minimum passing grade and high percentages are rarely awarded. A grade of seventy percent or higher is considered "with distinction."In general, percentages increase from forty rather than decrease from 100 percent, as they do in the United States.Second, about the Course Levels. A typi cal British course load will vary from 3 to 6 modules or classes per term. Most students take 4 to 5 modules per term. The number of hours in class per week will vary by institution. Students should note that general education or basi c courses are not as common at UK universities because they have already been covered at the GCSE level. Many faculties assume that a student has a basi c understanding of the concepts that will be addressed in the course. For this reason, it is common for third-year American students to take first-year and second-year courses at a UK university.With thi s, we’re coming to the end of today’s lecture. Next time, we’ll talk about university degrees.Mini-lecture3 (1)coverage (2) limitation/confinement (3) variety(4)public—conscious(5) Reader’s Digest (6) promising/bright (7)portable cameras (8) transmitter (9) religion (10)lifeMass Media in America美国媒体Good morning, everyone,today my topic i s mass media in America. By media, we refer to the variety of means by which technology transmits information and entertainment to us. Thus, in its broadest sense, the term media includes newspaper, television, movies, radio, books, and magazines. Mass media specifi cally refer to those publications and programs that attempt to serve most or all of the people in a given market. Here I would like to introduce the mass media in America by dividing them into three groups: newspaper; magazines; radio and television.First, let’s have a look at newspapers. For a long time, newspapers have been the chief means by whi ch people get themselves informed. While television has replaced newspapers as the primary source of news for most Americans, and while computer network is increasingly becoming a faster and easier way of obtaining news for many Americans, newspapers still remain as one of the most powerful means of communications in the United States. For one thing, reading newspapers i s different from watching TV. It gives detailed coverage报道范围of news items, and tends to provide substantial treatment of news events. And, sometimes it offers interesting and stimulating opinions as well as analysis over important events at home and abroad. For another, unlike watching TV, reading newspapers does not require one to be confined to his sitting-room. He can do it virtually anywhere he likes: in his car, at the breakfast table, sitting in the sun, waiting at the subway station, and believe it or not, in the restroom. So, for these and many other reasons, newspapers in the United States are still a big bus iness. And, this is borne out by two facts: (1) the large circulation of a number of important newspapers such as USA Today《今日美国》and The Wall Street Journal《华尔街日报》; (2) the great variety of newspapers available in the United States, big and small, local and national, special and general, radical and conservative, and so on. The top 3 daily newspapers in the United States are: Wall Street Journal, USA Today and New York Times《纽约时报》.Second, we’ll move to magazines. According to a statisti cal record in 1990, there were over 12,205 magazines being published in the United States. More than 4,000 of them appear monthly, and over 1,300 are published each week. They cover all topics and interests, from art and architecture to sports, from aviation航空学,飞机制造业and gardening to computers and book reviews, from fashion design and cooking to homemaking. Quite a few have international editors, are translated into other languages, or have “daughter” editions in foreign countries. Among the many internationals are National Geographic《国家地理》杂志, Reader’s Digest《读者文摘》杂志,Cosmopolitan《大都会》,Vogue《时尚》杂志,Time《时代》,Newsweek 《新闻周刊》, Scientific American and Psychology Today. The weekly newsmagazines —the best known are Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report《美国新闻与世界报道》—serve as a type of national press. Unlike newspapers, however, weekly newsmagazines tend to give extensive coverage and provide detailed, and sometimes in-depth, analysis. Also unlike newspapers, whi ch usually have the lowest common denominator in their appeal to the general reading public, weekly newsmagazines normally target at the well-educated, well-informed, and public-conscious people of the society. Many weekly newsmagazines also have considerable international impact, particularly Time and Newsweek. The top three magazines in America are: (1) Reader’s Digest; (2) TV Guide《电视导读》; (3) The Conde Nast Select.Third, I’ll say something about radio and television. In more than two generations, the two powerful mass media transformed much of American life.Radio, emerging at the same period when the Great Depression pervaded蔓延, 在…中盛行in America, provided free entertainment in the comforts of the home. Families that could no longer afford to go out for entertainment gathered together in their living rooms to escape reality by laughing, fantasizing梦想,幻想and dreaming of happier times. From then on, radio became a first-class entertainment medium for most Ameri cans. Up until now, in view of the popularity of radio programs in the United States, the future of radio as a form of medium continues to look bright.Then, with the rapid development of science and technology, TV came into being in 1920s. It primarily serves as a medium of entertainment, and then also has a big role to play as a news broadcasting agency. Networks began experimenting with news at locally owned stations as early as January 1940. But, early-day television news could not begin to compare with radio news. Only after the invention of portable cameras and videotape recorders had television been made a much more credible news medium because viewers saw pictures of the news events on the day they occurred. Consequently, access to news is made much easier, and the general public is getting better informed.Gradually, television’s impact on American society has been more and more profound. It has changed the life-styles of most Americans and become a major influence on American culture. It can be seen from 5 aspects.First and foremost is the socialization effect. Many studies have shown that TV’s dominance as household activi ty often reduces the level of communi cation among family members and, as a result, much of the culture being distributed to youngsters today in the United States comes from the tube rather than the family.Secondly, television programming has played an important role in shaping and reflecting for the masses the cultural changes that have been occurring in American Society. TV functions both as a transmitter传送[递]者of new cultural trends and as a molder造型者,模塑者of new attitudes towards these new trends.Thirdly, television has revolutionized the marketing of goods in the Ameri can economy. With TV marketing, people become vulnerable to the products, or in other words, to the commercials.Fourthly, the cultural impact of violent TV programs has been quite enormous. Needless to say, the question of violence on TV has been around nearly as long as the medium. Many critics claim that TV violence increases violence in American society.Fifthly, the impact of TV on religion has al so been an issue of great concern to many Americans. So far now, it is still an issue full of di sputes.To sum up, the mass media in Ameri ca includes so many different forms, and each of them plays a vital role in American people’s life not only in the past, but also at present and in the future. To know much about America, one must have a good knowledge about its mass media.Mini-lecture4 (1)Westminster (2)signed (3)Councils (4)local taxes (5)Congress (6)powerful(7)veto (8)Constitution (9)in di sagreement (10)embodimentGovernment in Britain and the US英美政府Today we will focus on the Government in Britain and the United States. Let’s have a look at them one after the other.Government in Britain can be divided into National government and Local government.The center of government in Britain is Parliament, which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation课税, etc. Parliament i s made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch. The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself i s used to mean Parliament.The House of commons, or the Commons, is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a parti cular area or constituency(议员所代表的)(全体)选民;选(举)区. The House of Lords上议院, or the Lords, is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord or Viscount子爵whi ch have been passed down to them on the death of their father; people who are given titles as a reward for their long servi ce in public life, but whose children do not inherit their title; and some important leaders of the Church of England, such as Archbishops and Bishops.The government brings bills to the House of Commons下议院, whi ch are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be di scussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it. When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of Parliament.At present England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster. In Northern Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of di scussion about whether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in Wales. The Local government in Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws, that i s bylaws, whi ch only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, schools, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting thi s tax.Local councils are elected by people within each town, city, or county area. The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues rather than the national policies of their party.Now let’s move to the topi c of Government in the US. All levels of government in the US, including federal, state, and local, are elected by the people of the country.First, we’ll talk about the federal government. The constitution of the US specifi cally limits the power of the federal, or national, government mainly to defense, foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is made up of the Congress , the President, and the Supreme Court. Congress, the central law-making body in the US, i s made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen. The number of Representatives for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate i s the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators, elected by their state. Each state has two Senators. Congress decides whether a BILL becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representatives both agree to a bill, the President i s asked to agree. The President can veto the bill, but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.Second, we’ll learn something about the state government. The state government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution, and among the states there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health and education. The highest elected official of each state is the Governor. Each state also has one。
2019英语专业八级真题及答案
2019英语专业八级真题及答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You. will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green’s university days?A. She felt bored.B. She felt lonely.D. The subject was easy.2. Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employment?A. Doing surveys at workplace.B. Analyzing survey results.C. Designing questionnaires.D. Taking a psychology course.3. According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and the advertising agency lies inA. the nature of work.B. office decoration.C. office location.D. work procedures.4. Why did Miss green want to leave the advertising agency?A. She felt unhappy inside the company.B. She felt work there too demanding.C. She was denied promotion in the company.D. She longed for new opportunities.5. How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?A. She was willing and ready.B. She sounded mildly eager.D. She sounded very reluctant.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.6. The man stole the aircraft mainly because he wanted toA. destroy the European Central Bank.B. have an interview with a TV station.C. circle skyscrapers in downtown Frankfurt.D. remember the death of a US astronaut.7. Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A. He was a 31-year-old student from Frankfurt.B. He was piloting a two-seat helicopter he had stolen.C. He had talked to air traffic controllers by radio.D. He threatened to land on the European Central Bank.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.8. The news is mainly about the city government’s plan toA. expand and improve the existing subway system.B. build underground malls and parking lots.C. prevent further land subsidence.D. promote advanced technology.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the news, what makes this credit card different from conventional ones isA. that it can hear the owner’s voice.B. that it can remember a password.C. that it can identify the owner’s voice.D. that it can remember the owner’s PIN.10. The newly developed credit card is said to said to have all the following EXCEPTA. switch.B. battery.C. speaker.D. built-in chip.参考答案：Section A Mini-lecture1.the author2.other works3.literary trends4.grammar,diction or uses of image5.cultural codes6.cultural7.the reader8.social9.reader competency10. social sructure,traditions of writing or political cultural influences,etc.Section B Interview1-5 CDDDASection C News Broadcast6-10 DCBCAPART II READING COMPREHENSION(30MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AThe University in transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrow’s universities by writers representing both Western and mon-Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University - a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the world’s great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving then out of business andthrowing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content - or other dangers - will necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow’s university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like today’s faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more studentsoutside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidley’s view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be “enrolled” in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between -or even during - sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.11. When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,A. he is in favour of it.B. his view is balanced.C. he is slightly critical of it.D. he is strongly critical of it.12. Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?A. Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B. Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C. internet-based courseware may lack variety in course content.D. The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.13. According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?A. Knowledge learning and career building.B. Learning how to solve existing social problems.C. Researching into solutions to current world problems.D. Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning.14. Judging from the Three new roles envisioned for tomorrow’s university faculty, university teachersA, are required to conduct more independent research.B. are required to offer more course to their students……C. are supposed to assume more demanding duties.D. are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty.15. Which category of writing does the review belong to?A. Narration.B. DescriptionC. persuasionD. Exposition.TEXT BEvery street had a story, every building a memory, Those blessed with wonderful childhoods can drive the streets of their hometowns and happily roll back the years. The rest are pulled home by duty and leave as soon as possible. After Ray Atlee had been in Clanton (his hometown) for fifteen minutes he was anxious to get out.The town had changed, but then it hadn’t. On the highways leading in, the cheap metal buildings and mobile homes were gathering as tightly as possible next to the roads for maximum visibility. This town had no zoning whatsoever. A landowner could build anything wiih no permit no inspection, no notice to adjoining landowners. nothing. Only hog farms and nuclear reactors required approvals and paperwork. The result was a slash-and-build clutter that got uglier by the year.But in the older sections, nearer the square, the town had not changed at all The long shaded streets were as clean and neat as when Kay roamed them on his bike. Most of the houses were still owned by people he knew, or if those folks had passed on the new owners kept the lawns clipped and the shutters painted. Only a few were being neglected. A handful had been abandoned.This deep in Bible country, it was still an unwritten rule in the townthat little was done on Sundays except go to church, sit on porches, visit neighbours, rest and relax the way God intended.It was cloudy, quite cool for May, and as he toured his old turf, killing time until the appointed hour for the family meeting, he tried to dwell on the good memories from Clanton. There was Dizzy Dean Park where he had played little League for the Pirates, and (here was the public pool he’d swum in every summer except 1969 when the city cl osed it rather than admit black children. There were the churches - Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian - facing each other at the intersection of Second and Elm like wary sentries, their steeples competing for height. They were empty now, hut in an hour or so the more faithful would gather for evening services.The square was as lifeless as the streets leading to it. With eight thousand people, Clanton was just large enough to have attracted the discount stores that had wiped out so many small towns. But here the people had been faithful to their downtown merchants, and there wasn’t s single empty or boarded-up building around the square - no small miracle. The retail shops were mixed in with the banks and law offices and cafes, all closed for the Sabbath.He inched through the cemetery and surveyed the Atlee section in the old part, where the tombstones were grander. Some of his ancestors had built monuments for their dead. Ray had always assumed that the familymoney he’d never seen must have been buried in those graves. He parked and walked to his mother’s grave, something he hadn’t done in years. She was buried among the Atlees, at the far edge of the family plot because she had barely belonged.Soon, in less than an hour, he would be sitting in his father’s study, sipping bad instant tea and receiving instructions on exactly how his father would be laid to rest. Many orders were about to be give, many decrees and directions, because his father(who used to be a judge) was a great man and cared deeply about how he was to be remembered.Moving again, Ray passed the water tower he’d climbed twice, the second time with the police waiting below. He grimaced at his old high school, a place he’d never visited since he’d left it. Behind it was the football field where his brother Forrest had romped over opponents and almost became famous before getting bounced off the team.It was twenty minutes before five, Sunday, May 7. Time for the family meeting.16. From the first paragraph, we get the impression thatA. Ray cherished his childhood memories.B. Ray had something urgent to take care of.C. Ray may not have a happy childhood.D. Ray cannot remember his childhood days.17. Which of the following adjectives does NOT desc ribe Ray’shometown?A. Lifeless.B. Religious.C. Traditional.D. Quiet.18. Form the passage we can infer that the relationship between Ray and his parents wasA. close.B. remote.C. tense.D. impossible to tell.19. It can be inferred from the passage that Ray’s father was all EXCEPTA. considerate.B. punctual.C. thrifty.D. dominant.TEXT CCampaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns crawl through a maze of giant corridors down whichfierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualities seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts: the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxury and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience ofthe rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One could actually remain in one’s own house and fire at one’s neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore offered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization was vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back (which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expeditions if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the“butcher and bolt policy” to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distaste. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travellers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.20. The word debts in “very few debts are left unpaid” in the first paragraph meansA．loans. B．accounts C．killings D．bargains.21. Which of the following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?A. Melting snows.B. Large population.C. Steep hillsides.D. Fertile valleys.22. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomedA. the introduction of the rifle.B. the spread of British rule.C. the extension of luxuriesD. the spread of trade.23. Building roads by the BritishA. put an end to a whole series of quarrels.B. prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds.C. lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.D. gave the Pathans a much quieter life.24. A suitable title for the passage would beA. Campaigning on the Indian frontier.B. Why the Pathans resented the British rule.C. The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.D. The Pathans at war.TEXT D“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses’ shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples - notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) - had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, theGreek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant “Muses’ shrine”.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries - which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems - often antique engraved ones - as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them - and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulati on; and so could be considered Muses’ shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco inFlorence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exe mplary “modern” works wereIn the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of “improving” collections. The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.25.The sentence “Museum is a slippery word” in the first paragraph means thatA. the meaning of the word didn’t change until after the 15th century.B. the meaning of the word had changed over the years.C. the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.D. princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.26.The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates fromA. the Romans.B. Florence.C. Olympia.D. Greek.27. “…… the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined” in the third paragraph means thatA. there was a great demand for fakers.B. fakers grew rapidly in number.C. fakers became more skillful.D. fakers became more polite.28. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century wereA. collected from elsewhere.B. made part of the buildings.C. donated by people.D. bought by churches.29. Modern museums came into existence in order toA. protect royal and church treasures.B. improve existing collections.C. stimulate public interest.D. raise more funds.30. Which is the main idea of the passage?A. Collection and collectors.B. The evolution of museums.C. Modern museums and their functions.D. The birth of museums.11-15 BAACD 16-20 CDBAC 21-25BABAB 26-30 DCBABPART III. 人文知识There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section.Choose the best answers to each question.Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31.The Presidents during the American Civil War wasA. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand isA.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Austrilia before the arrival of the Britishsettlers?A.The AboriginesB.The MaoriC.The IndiansD.The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head ofA.the Shadow CabinetB.the ParliamentC.the OppositionD.the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?A.T.S.EliotwrenceC.Theodore DreiserD.James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written byA.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Eugene O’NeilD.Ernest Hemingway37._____ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA.Free verseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion ofA.referenceB.meaningC.antonymyD.context39.The words”kid,child,offspring” are examples ofA.dialectal synonymsB.stylistic synonymsC.emotive synonymsD.collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made byA.HalliayB.ChomskyC.BloomfieldD.Saussure参考答案: 31-35BCADA 36-40 DBDBDPART IV 改错参考答案1. agreeing-agreed2. in which 可有可无3. in his disposal- at his disposal4.enables-enable5.the other English speakers-other English speakers6.old-older7.seen-understood8.take it for granted- take for granted9.or-and10. the most striking of human achievementsV. 汉译英及参考译文中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN]SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman —Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. You have to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s politicalstance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstition s.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who sho t Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6? PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para. 2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuse s to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019年专业英语八级考试真题
2019年专业英语八级考试真题PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smokinga cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder tofind out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanineto collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add tohis present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainlyfor his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelmsaw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway inthe Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old menand women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shopsand cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading roomsand club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders;his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip andlook into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, becausehe had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobbyby eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he wentin tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一 he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily atthe Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the imageof itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?” “No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appearedto go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days whenhe was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. Youhave to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued tobe venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; ithad not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providinglittle more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself wasan editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb theslopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for moreand better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalismwas a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot ofjob printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, wouldbring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life.These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennettand Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were themost innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officiallyhe was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett,on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered localand national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, althoughin fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read.And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Bothstood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured upthe picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Evenwhen he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house,with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in hishat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in ahigh-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rockingin gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glareof suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everythingat the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country,an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships inthe newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the longyears of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted andfirmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong supportof the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunatelythis turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking (Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answeris that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly,a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local— over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a tastefor flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forcedinto outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to takeup an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treasonof one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance withthis idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James inthe back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the deathof hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back,that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms withthe official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them.They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men neednot be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appearfor an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of thegreat bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in populartales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten.This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para.2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para. 3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5? PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.What does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
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Here's what we find on dominance hormone.关于主导性激素，我们有如下发现。
From their baseline when they come in,high-power peop le experience about a20-percentincrease,and low-power people experience about a10-percent decrease.相比于他们进来时的基线，强有力的人上升了20%，而无力的人下降了10%。
So again,two minutes,and you get these changes.再次证明，2分钟后，你发生了这些改变。
Concerning stress hormone,high-power people experien ce about a25-percent decrease,andthe low-power peopl e experience about a15-percent increase.就皮质醇而言，强有力的人下降了25%，而无力的人上升了15%。
Once again,two minutes lead to these hormonal change s that configure your brain to basicallybe either assertive, confident or really stress-reactive,and,you know,feelin g sort of shutdown.再次证明，2分钟会导致这些激素的改变，基本上能让你的大脑变得要么坚定而自信，要么易受到压力的影响，以及，你知道的，感觉有点沮丧。
And we've all had that feeling,right?我们都会有这种感受，对吗？So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves.因此，我们的非语言行为似乎的确控制我们的想法以及我们对自身的感受。
Also,our bodies change our minds.另外，我们的身体会改变我们的意识。
So,power posing for a few minutes really changes your l ife in meaningful ways.因此，几分钟的力量姿势的确会用有意义的方式来改变你的生活。
When I tell people about this,that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change ourbehavior,当我把这些告诉人们时，也就是：我们的身体会改变我们的意识、我们的意识会改变我们的行为、and our behavior can change our outcomes,they say to me, "I don't believe that.It feels fake.Right?"以及我们的行为会改变最后的结果，他们和我说：“我不相信。
感觉很假。
对吗？”So I said, "fake it till you make it."我会说：“你就假装是这样，直到真的变成这样为止。
”I'm going to live you with this.我要让你这样去做。
Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example,a job interview,fortwo minutes,try doing th is,在你进行下一个很有压力的评估时，比如求职面试，试着用2分钟的时间来做这个，in the elevator,or at your desk behind closed doors and say to youself"That's what I want todo."在电梯里，或者在关着的门后面的桌子前对自己说：“这就是我想做的事。
”Configure your brain to do the best in that situation.让你的大脑在那种情况下达到最佳状态。
Get your dominance hormone up,and get your stress ho rmone down.让你的主导性激素含量上升，皮质醇含量下降。
Don't leave that situation feeling like,oh,I didn't show th em who I am.不要让情况变成这样——哦，我没有向他们展示出我是谁。
Leave that situation feeling like,oh,I really managed to s ay who I am and show who I am.而要让情况变成这样——哦，我真的讲出并展示出我是谁了。
To sum up,today,we talk about the"nonverbal expressi ons of power and dominance"andthe strong effects of th e change of behavior.综上所述，今天，我们讲了“权力和支配地位的非语言表达”以及改变行为的强大作用。
I suggest you try power posing,which is simple but will s ignificantly change the outcomes ofyour life.我建议你们试试力量姿势，它虽然简单，但将极大地改变你的人生结局。
OK,next time we are going to discuss the social function s of body language.好的，下一次我们要讨论肢体语言的社会功能。
++++++++++Here's what we find on dominance hormone.From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20-percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease.So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning stress hormone, high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low-power people experience about a 15-percent increase.Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we've all had that feeling, right?So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves.Also, our bodies change our minds.So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.When I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior,and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me, "I don't believe that. It feels fake. Right?"So I said, "fake it till you make it."I'm going to live you with this.Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this,in the elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors and say to youself "That's what I want to do."Configure your brain to do the best in that situation.Get your dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down.Don't leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn't show them who I am.Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, we talk about the "nonverbal expressions of power and dominance" and the strong effects of the change of behavior.I suggest you try power posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life.OK, next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.+++++++关于主导性激素，我们有如下发现。