Unit 1 Nautical Publications Lesson 3 Admiralty Notices to Mariners 英版航海通告
船舶实用导航文集(英文)Nautical Publicati
CHAPTER 4 NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONSINTRODUCTION400. DefinitionsThe navigator uses many information sources when planning and conducting a voyage.These sources include notices to mariners,sailing directions,light lists,tide tables, sight reduction tables,and almanacs.Historically,this in-formation has been found in printed publications; increasingly,it is being integrated into computer-based electronic systems.The navigator must know what infor-mation he needs to navigate his ship safely and how to obtain it.This chapter will refer only to printed publications.If the navigator has access to this data on an electronic data-base,only his method of access will differ.The publications discussed here form a basic navigation library;the naviga-tor must also obtain all supplementary materials required to navigate his ship safely.401. Types And Sources Of PublicationsWhile voyage planning and navigating,a mariner must refer to both texts and tables.Examples of text include sail-ing directions,coast pilots,and notices to mariners. Examples of tables include light lists and sight reduction tables.Navigational publications are available from many itary customers automatically receive or requisition most required publications.The civilian navigator obtains his publications from a publisher’s rger agents representing many publishers can completely supply a ship’s chart and publication library.NAUTICAL TEXTS402. Sailing DirectionsNational Imagery and Mapping Agency Sailing Direc-tions consist of37Enroutes and10Planning Guides. Planning Guides describe general features of ocean basins; Enroutes describe features of coastlines,ports,and harbors.Sailing Directions are updated when new data requires extensive revision of an existing text.These data are ob-tained from several sources,including pilots and foreign Sailing Directions.One book comprises the Planning Guide and Enroute for Antarctica.This consolidation allows for a more effec-tive presentation of material on this unique area.The Planning Guides are relatively permanent;by con-trast,Sailing Directions(Enroute)are frequently updated. Between updates,both are corrected by the Notice to Mariners.403. Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)Planning Guides assist the navigator in planning an ex-tensive oceanic voyage.Each of the Guides covers an area determined by an arbitrary division of the world’s seas into eight“ocean basins.”This division is shown in Figure403.A Planning Guide’s first chapter contains information about the countries adjacent to the applicable ocean basin. It also covers pratique,pilotage,signals,and shipping reg-ulations.Search and Rescue topics include the location of all lifesaving stations.The second chapter contains information on the physi-cal environment of an ocean basin.It consists of Ocean Summaries and descriptions of local coastal phenomena. This gives the mariner meteorological and oceanographic information to be considered in planning a route.The third chapter lists foreign firing danger areas not shown in other NIMA publications.A graphic key identi-fies Submarine Operating Areas.This chapter also identifies publications listing danger areas and gives perti-nent navigation cautions.The fourth chapter describes recommended steamship routes.To facilitate planning,the publication shows entire routes to foreign ports originating from all major U.S.ports. This chapter also includes all applicable Traffic Separation Schemes.The fifth and final chapter describes available radi-onavigation systems and the area’s system of lights, beacons, and buoys.Appendices contain information on buoyage systems, route charts, and area meteorological conditions.5152NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS404. Sailing Directions (Enroute)Each volume of the Sailing Directions(Enroute) contains numbered sections along a coast or through a strait.Figure404a illustrates this division.Each sector is discussed in turn.A preface with detailed information about authorities,references,and conventions used in each book precedes the sector discussions.Finally,each book provides conversions between feet,fathoms,and meters.The Chart Information Graphic,the first item in each chapter,is a graphic key for charts pertaining to a sector. See Figure404b.The graduation of the border scale of the chartlet enables navigators to identify the largest scale chart for a location and to find a feature listed in the Index-Gaz-etteer.These graphics are not maintained by Notice to Mariners;one should refer to the chart catalog for updated chart listings.Other graphics may contain special information on lo-cal winds and weather,anchorages,significant coastal features, and navigation dangers.A foreign terms glossary,an appendix of anchorages, and a comprehensive Index-Gazetteer follow the sector dis-cussions.The Index-Gazetteer is an alphabetical listing of described and charted features.The Index lists each feature by geographic coordinates and sector number for use with the graphic key.Features mentioned in the text are listed by page number.405. Coast PilotsThe National Ocean Service publishes nine United States Coast Pilots to supplement nautical charts of U.S. rmation comes from field inspections,survey vessels,and various harbor authorities.Maritime officials and pilotage associations provide additional information. Coast Pilots provide more detailed information than Sailing Directions because Sailing Directions are intended exclu-sively for the oceangoing mariner.The Notice to Mariners updates Coast Pilots.Each volume contains comprehensive sections on local operational considerations and navigation regulations.Follow-ing chapters contain detailed discussions of coastal navigation. An appendix provides information on obtaining additional weather information,communications services,and other da-ta. An index and additional tables complete the volume.406. Other Nautical TextsThe government publishes several other nautical texts. The Defense Mapping Agency,for example,publishes the Maneuvering Board Manual(Pub.217),The Radar Navi-gation Manual(Pub.1310)and the American Practical Navigator(Pub. 9).The U.S.Coast Guard publishes navigation rules for international and inland waters.This publication,officially known as Commandant Instruction M16672.2b,contains Figure 403. The 8 ocean basins as organized for Sailing Directions (Planning Guides).NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS53Figure 404a. Sector Limits graphic.Additional chart coverage may be found in CATP2 Catalog of Nautical Charts.Figure 404b. Chart Information graphic.54NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONSthe Inland Navigation Rules enacted in December1980 and effective on all inland waters of the United States in-cluding the Great Lakes,as well as the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea,enact-ed in1972(1972COLREGS).Mariners should ensure that they have the updated issue.The Coast Guard also publishes comprehensive user’s manuals for the Omega, Loran,and GPS navigation systems;Navigation and Ves-sel Inspection Circulars;and the Chemical Data Guide for Bulk Shipment by Water.The Government Printing Office provides several pub-lications on navigation,safety at sea,communications,weather,and related topics.Additionally,it publishes pro-visions of the Code of Federal Regulations(CFR)relating to maritime matters.A number of private publishers also provide maritime publications.The International Maritime Organization,International Hydrographic Organization,and other governing interna-tional organizations provide information on international navigation regulations.Chapter1gives these organiza-tions’addresses.Regulations for various Vessel Traffic Services(VTS),canals,lock systems,and other regulated waterways are published by the authorities which operate them.USING THE LIGHT LISTS407. Light ListsThe United States publishes two different light lists. The U.S.Coast Guard publishes the Light List for lights in U.S.territorial waters;DMAHTC publishes the List of Lights for lights in foreign waters.Light lists furnish complete information about naviga-tion lights and other navigation aids.They supplement,but do not replace,charts and sailing directions.Consult the chart for the location and light characteristics of all naviga-tion aids;consult the light lists to determine their detailed description.The Notice to Mariners corrects both lists.Corrections which have accumulated since the print date are included in the Notice to Mariners as a Summary of Corrections.All of these summary corrections,and any corrections published sub-sequently, should be noted in the “Record of Corrections.”A navigator needs to know both the identity of a light and when he can expect to see it;he often plans the ship’s track to pass within a light’s range.If lights are not sighted when predicted,the vessel may be significantly off course and standing into danger.A circle with a radius equal to the visible range of the light usually defines the area in which a light can be seen. On some bearings,however,obstructions may reduce the range.In this case,the obstructed arc might differ with height of eye and distance.Also,lights of different colors may be seen at different distances.Consider these facts both when identifying a light and predicting the range at which it can be seen.Atmospheric conditions have a major effect on a light’s range.Fog,haze,dust,smoke,or precipitation can obscure a light.Additionally,a light can be extinguished. Always report an extinguished light so maritime authorities can issue a warning.On a dark,clear night,the visual range is limited by ei-ther:(1)luminous intensity,or(2)curvature of the earth. Regardless of the height of eye,one cannot see a weak light beyond a certain luminous range.Assuming light travels lin-early,an observer located below the light’s visible horizon cannot see it.The Distance to the Horizon table gives the distance to the horizon for various heights of eye.The light lists contain a condensed version of this table.Abnormal re-fraction patterns might change this range;therefore,one cannot exactly predict the range at which a light will be seen.408. Determining Range And Bearing Of A Light At Initial SightingA light’s luminous range is the maximum range at which an observer can see a light under existing visibility conditions.This luminous range ignores the elevation of the light,the observer’s height of eye,the curvature of the earth,and interference from background lighting.It is de-termined from the known nominal range and the existing visibility conditions.The nominal range is the maximum distance at which a light can be seen in weather conditions where visibility is 10 nautical miles.The U.S.Coast Guard Light List usually lists a light’s nominal e the Luminous Range Diagram shown in the Light List and Figure408a to convert this nominal range to luminous range.Remember that the luminous ranges ob-tained are approximate because of atmospheric or background lighting conditions.Estimate the meteorological visibility by the Meteorological Optical Range Table,Figure 408b.Next,enter the Luminous Range Diagram with the nominal range on the horizontal nominal range scale.Follow a vertical line until it intersects the curve or reaches the re-gion on the diagram representing the meteorological visibility.Finally,follow a horizontal line from this point or region until it intersects the vertical luminous range scale.Example1:The nominal range of a light as extracted from the Light List is 15 nautical miles.Required:The luminous range when the meteorologi-cal visibility is(1)11nautical miles and(2)1nautical mile.Solution:To find the luminous range when the meteo-NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS55rological visibility is11nautical miles,enter theLuminous Range Diagram with nominal range15nautical miles on the horizontal nominal rangescale;follow a vertical line upward until it inter-sects the curve on the diagram representing ameteorological visibility of11nautical miles;from this point follow a horizontal line to the rightuntil it intersects the vertical luminous range scaleat16nautical miles.A similar procedure is fol-lowed to find the luminous range when themeteorological visibility is 1 nautical mile.Answers:(1) 16 nautical miles; (2) 3 nautical miles.A light’s geographic range depends upon the height of both the light and the observer.Sum the observer’s distance to the horizon based on his height of eye and the light’s distance to the horizon based on its height to calculate a light’s geo-graphic range.See Figure408c.This illustration uses a light 150feet above the water.Table12,Distance of the Horizon, yields a value of14.3nautical miles for a height of150feet. Within this range,the light,if powerful enough and atmo-spheric conditions permit,is visible regardless of the height of eye of the observer.Beyond14.3nautical miles,the geo-graphic range depends upon the observer’s height of eye. Thus,by the Distance of the Horizon table mentioned above, an observer with height of eye of5feet can see the light on his horizon if he is2.6miles beyond the horizon of the light.The geographic range of the light is therefore16.9miles.For a height of30feet the distance is14.3+6.4=20.7miles.If the height of eye is70feet,the geographic range is14.3+9.8= 24.1miles.A height of eye of15feet is often assumed when tabulating lights’ geographic ranges.Figure 408a. Luminous Range Diagram.56NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONSTo predict the bearing and range at which a vessel will ini-tially sight a light first determine the light’s geographic pare the geographic range with the light’s luminous range.The lesser of the two ranges is the range at which the light will first be sighted.Plot a visibility arc centered on the light and with a radius equal to the lesser of the geographic or luminous ranges.Extend the vessel’s track until it intersectsthe visibility arc.The bearing from the intersection point to the light is the light’s predicted bearing at first sighting.If the extended track crosses the visibility arc at a small angle,a small lateral track error may result in large bearing and time prediction errors.This is particularly ap-parent if the vessel is farther from the light than predicted;the vessel may pass the light without sighting it.However,not sighting a light when predicted does not always indi-cate the vessel is farther from the light than expected.It could also mean that atmospheric conditions are affecting visibility.Example 2:The nominal range of a navigational light120feet above the chart datum is 20nautical miles.The meteorological visibility is 27nautical miles.Required:The distance at which an observer at aheight of eye of 50 feet can expect to see the light.Solution:The maximum range at which the lightmay be seen is the lesser of the luminous or geo-graphic ranges.At 120feet the distance to the horizon,by table or formula,is 12.8miles.Add 8.3miles,the distance to the horizon for a height of eye of 50feet to determine the geo-graphic range.The geographic range,21.1miles,is less than the luminous range,40miles.Answer:21nautical miles.Because of various uncer-tainties,the range is rounded off to the nearest whole mile.CodeNo.YardsWeather0Dense fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Less than 501Thick fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-2002Moderate fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200-5003Light fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500-1000Nautical Miles4Thin fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/2-15Haze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-26Light Haze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5 1/27Clear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1/2-118Very Clear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.0-27.0.9Exceptionally Clear . . . . . . . . . . .Over 27.0From the International Visibility Code.Figure 408b. Meteorlogical Optical Range Table.Figure 408c. Geographic Range of a light.NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS57When first sighting a light,an observer can determine if it is on the horizon by immediately reducing his height of eye.If the light disappears and then reappears when the ob-server returns to his original height,the light is on the horizon. This process is called bobbing a light.If a vessel has considerable vertical motion due to rough seas,a light sighted on the horizon may alternately appear and disappear.Wave tops may also obstruct the light periodically.This may cause the characteristic to appear different than expected.The light’s true characteristics can be observed either by closing the range to the light or by the observer’s increasing his height of eye.If a light’s range given in a foreign publication ap-proximates the light’s geographic range for a15-foot observer’s height of eye,assume that the printed range is the light’s geographic range.Also assume that publication has listed the lesser of the geographic and nominal ranges. Therefore,if the light’s listed range approximates the geo-graphic range for an observer with a height of eye of15 feet,then assume that the light’s limiting range is the geo-graphic range.Then,calculate the light’s true geographic range using the actual observer’s height of eye,not the as-sumed height of eye of15feet.This calculated true geographic range is the range at which the light will first be sighted.Example3:The range of a light as printed on a foreign chart is17miles.The light is120feet above chart da-tum.The meteorological visibility is10nautical miles.Required:The distance at which an observer at a height of eye of 50 feet can expect to see the light.Solution:Calculate the geographic range of the light assuming a15foot observer’s height of eye.At120feet the distance to the horizon is12.8miles.Add4.5miles(the distance to the horizon at aheight of15feet)to12.8miles;this range is17.3miles.This approximates the range listed on thechart.Then assuming that the charted range is thegeographic range for a15-foot observer height ofeye and that the nominal range is the greater thanthis charted range,the predicted range is found bycalculating the true geographic range with a50foot height of eye for the observer.Answer:The predicted range=12.8mi.+8.3mi.=21.1mi..The distance in excess of the chartedrange depends on the luminous intensity of thelight and the meteorological visibility.409. USCG Light ListsThe U.S.Coast Guard Light List(7volumes)gives in-formation on lighted navigation aids,unlighted buoys, radiobeacons,radio direction finder calibration stations, daybeacons, racons, and Loran stations.Each volume of the Light List contains aids to naviga-tion in geographic order from north to south along the Atlantic coast,from east to west along the Gulf coast,and from south to north along the Pacific coast.It lists seacoast aids first,followed by entrance and harbor aids listed from seaward.Intracoastal Waterway aids are listed last in geo-graphic order in the direction from New Jersey to Florida to the Texas/Mexico border.The listings are preceded by a description of the aids to navigation system in the United States,luminous range di-agram, geographic range tables, and other information.410. NIMA List of Lights, Radio Aids, and Fog SignalsThe National Imagery and Mapping Agency publishes the List of Lights,Radio Aids,and Fog Signals(usually re-ferred to as the List of Lights,not to be confused with the Coast Guard’s Light List).In addition to information on lighted aids to navigation and sound signals in foreign wa-ters,the NIMA List of Lights provides information on storm signals,signal stations,racons,radiobeacons,and radio di-rection finder calibration stations located at or near lights. For more details on radio navigational aids,consult Pub. 117, Radio Navigational Aids.The NIMA List of Lights does not include information on lighted buoys inside harbors.It does include certain aeronautical lights situated near the coast;however,these lights are not designed for marine navigation and are sub-ject to unreported changes.Foreign notices to mariners are the main correction-al information source for the NIMA Lists of Lights;other sources,such as ship reports,are also used.Many aids to navigation in less developed countries may not be well maintained.They are subject to damage by storms and vandalism, and repairs may be delayed for long periods.MISCELLANEOUS NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS411. NIMA Radio Navigational Aids (Pub. 117) This publication is a selected list of worldwide ra-dio stations which perform services to the mariner. Topics covered include radio direction finder and radar stations,radio time signals,radio navigation warnings,distress and safety communications,medical advice via radio,long-range navigation aids,the AMVER system, and interim procedures for U.S.vessels in the event of an outbreak of hostilities.Pub.117is corrected via the Notice to Mariners and is updated periodically with a new edition.58NAUTICAL PUBLICATIONSThough Pub.117is essentially a list of radio sta-tions providing vital maritime communication and navigation services,it also contains information which explains the capabilities and limitations of the various systems.412.Chart No. 1Chart No.1is not actually a chart but a book contain-ing a key to chart symbols.Most countries which produce charts also produce such a list.The U.S.Chart No.1con-tains a listing of chart symbols in four categories:•Chart symbols used by the National Ocean Service •Chart symbols used by the Defense MappingAgency•Chart symbols recommended by the InternationalHydrographic Organization•Chart symbols used on foreign charts reproduced byNIMASubjects covered include general features of charts,to-pography,hydrography,and aids to navigation.There is also a complete index of abbreviations and an explanation of the IALA buoyage system.413. NIMA World Port Index (Pub. 150)The World Port Index contains a tabular listing of thou-sands of ports throughout the world,describing their locations,characteristics,facilities,and services available. Information is arranged geographically;the index is ar-ranged alphabetically.Coded information is presented in columns and rows.This information supplements information in the Sailing Directions.The applicable volume of Sailing Di-rections and the number of the harbor chart are given in the World Port Index.The Notice to Mariners corrects this book.414. NIMA Distances Between Ports (Pub. 151) This publication lists the distances between major ports.Reciprocal distances between two ports may differ due to different routes chosen because of currents and cli-matic conditions.To reduce the number of listings needed, junction points along major routes are used to consolidate routes converging from different directions.This book can be most effectively used for voyage planning in conjunction with the proper volume(s)of the Sailing Directions(Planning Guide).It is corrected via the Notice to Mariners.415. NIMA International Code Of Signals (Pub. 102) This book lists the signals to be employed by vessels at sea to communicate a variety of information relating to safety,distress,medical,and operational information.This publication became effective in 1969.According to this code,each signal has a unique and complete meaning.The signals can be transmitted via Mor-se light and sound,flag,radio-telegraphy and-telephony, and semaphore.Since these methods of signaling are inter-nationally recognized,differences in language between sender and receiver are immaterial;the message will be un-derstood when decoded in the language of the receiver, regardless of the language of the sender.The Notice to Mar-iners corrects Pub. 102.416. AlmanacsFor celestial sight reduction,the navigator needs an al-manac for ephemeris data.The Nautical Almanac, produced jointly by H.M.Nautical Almanac Office and the U.S.Naval Observatory,is the most common almanac used for celestial navigation.It also contains information on sun-rise,sunset,moonrise,and moonset,as well as compact sight reduction tables.The Nautical Almanac is published annually.The Air Almanac contains slightly less accurate ephemeris data for air navigation.It can be used for marine navigation if slightly reduced accuracy is acceptable.Chapter19provides more detailed information on us-ing the Nautical Almanac.417. Sight Reduction TablesWithout a calculator or computer programmed for sight reduction,the navigator needs sight reduction tables to solve the celestial triangle.Two different sets of tables are commonly used at sea.Sight Reduction Tables for Marine Navigation,Pub. 229,consists of six volumes of tables designed for use with the Nautical Almanac for solution of the celestial triangle by the Marcq Saint Hilaire or intercept method.The tab-ular data are the solutions of the navigational triangle of which two sides and the included angle are known and it is necessary to find the third side and adjacent angle.Each volume of Pub.229includes two8degree zones, comprising15degree bands from0to90degrees,with a1°degree overlap between volumes.Pub.229is a joint publi-cation produced by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency,the U.S.Naval Observatory,and the Royal Green-wich Observatory.Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation,Pub.249,is also a joint production of the three organizations above.It is issued in three volumes.Volume1contains the values of the altitude and true azimuth of seven selected stars chosen toNAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS59provide,for any given position and time,the best observa-tions.A new edition is issued every5years for the upcoming astronomical epoch.Volumes2(0°to40°)and3(39°to 89°) provide for sights of the sun, moon, and planets.418. CatalogsA chart catalog is a valuable reference to the navigator for voyage planning,inventory control,and ordering.There are two major types of catalogs,one for the military and one for the civilian market.The military navigator will see the NIMA nautical chart catalog as part of a larger suite of catalogs includ-ing aeronautical(Part1),hydrographic(Part2),and topographic(Part3)products.Each Part consists of one or more volumes.Unclassified NIMA nautical charts are listed in Part2,Volume1.This is available only to U.S. military users,DoD contractors,and those who support them.This catalog contains comprehensive ordering instruc-tions and information about the products listed.Also listed are addresses of all Combat Support Center field offices,in-formation on crisis support,and other special situations.The catalog is organized by geographic region corresponding to the chart regions1through9.A special section of miscella-neous charts and publications is included.This section also lists products produced by NOS,the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,U.S.Coast Guard,U.S.Naval Oceanographic Office,and some foreign publications from the United Kingdom and Canada.The civilian navigator should refer to catalogs produced by the National Ocean Service.For U.S.waters,NOS charts are listed in a series of single sheet“charts”showing a major region of the U.S.with individual chart graphics shown. These catalogs also list charts showing titles and scales.Fi-nally,it lists sales agents from whom the products may be purchased.NIMA products for the civilian navigator are listed by NOS in a series of regionalized catalogs similar to Part2 Volume1.These catalogs are also available through autho-rized NOS chart agents.MARITIME SAFETY INFORMATION419.Notice To MarinersThe Notice to Mariners is published weekly by the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center(DMAHTC),prepared jointly with the National Ocean Service(NOS)and the U.S.Coast Guard.It advises mariners of important matters affecting navigational safe-ty,including new hydrographic information,changes in channels and aids to navigation,and other important data. The information in the Notice to Mariners is formatted to simplify the correction of paper charts,sailing directions, light lists,and other publications produced by NIMA, NOS, and the U.S. Coast Guard.It is the responsibility of users to decide which of their charts and publications require correction.Suitable records of Notice to Mariners should be maintained to facilitate the updating of charts and publications prior to use.Information for the Notice to Mariners is contributed by:the Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topo-graphic Center(Department of Defense)for waters outside the territorial limits of the United States;National Ocean Service(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-ministration,Department of Commerce),which is charged with surveying and charting the coasts and har-bors of the United States and its territories;the U.S.Coast Guard(Department of Transportation)which is responsi-ble for the safety of life at sea and the establishment and operation of aids to navigation;and the Army Corps of Engineers(Department of Defense),which is charged with the improvement of rivers and harbors of the United States.In addition,important contributions are made by foreign hydrographic offices and cooperating observers of all nationalities.Over60countries which produce nautical charts also produce a notice to mariners.About one third of these are weekly,another third are bi-monthly or monthly,and the rest irregularly issued according to need.Much of the data in the U.S.Notice to Mariners is obtained from these for-eign notices.Correct U.S.charts with the U.S.Notice to Mariners. Similarly,correct foreign charts using the foreign notice because chart datums often vary according to region and geographic positions are not the same for different datums.The Notice consists of a page of Hydrograms list-ing important items in the notice,a chart correction section organized by ascending chart number,a publica-tions correction section,and a summary of broadcast navigation warnings and miscellaneous information.Mariners are requested to cooperate in the correction of charts and publications by reporting all discrepancies be-tween published information and conditions actually observed and by recommending appropriate improvements.A convenient reporting form is provided in the back of each Notice to Mariners.Notice to Mariners No.1of each year contains impor-tant information on a variety of subjects which supplements information not usually found on charts and in navigational publications.This information is published as Special No-tice to Mariners Paragraphs.Additional items considered。
航海英语1
Unit 01 Nautical PublicationsI Admiralty List of Lights and Fog SignalsThe latest known details of lights, light-structures, light-vessel, light-float, lanbys and fog signals are given in Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals (ALL), usually termed “Admiralty List of Lights”. Light-buoys of a height of 8 m or greater may also be listed and some with a height of less than 8 m are occasionally include in the list, as are light-buoys considered to be of primary navigational significance. Certain minor lights, in little frequented parts of the world covered only by small scale charts, are included in the list thought they are not charted.最新的有关灯标的详细资料，灯塔，灯船，灯浮，大型的导航浮标（蓝比）和雾号在英版灯标雾号表中已经登记，这常被称为“英版灯标”。
8米或更高的灯浮都会全部登记，而且一些高度不足8米的灯浮有些也会登记，灯浮同样被认为是航海上基本的重要物。
某些次要的灯，小比例尺海图只有世界的小区域，都在名单内但是不会绘制在图上。
A Geographical range table for determining dipping distances, and a luminous range diagram for obtaining the range at which a light can be seen allowing for its power and the prevailing visibility, are contained in each volume.地理能见距离决定了灯标的初显初隐距离，光标的光达距离图解的距离允许在盛行的能见度中被看到，那些图解在每一册中都有出现。
船舶安全检查清单
LIST OF SHIP SAFETY INSPECTION 船舶安全检查清单. _____________________________ IMO Number________________________ Official Number______________________DOCUMENTATION 证书Statutory Certificates 法定证书Note: Not Applicable如有任何船级社条件证书请说明Documents and Plans to be posted up onboardManuals, Booklets and Record BookPORT STATE CONTROL INSPECTION RECORD 港口国检查记录〔Please fill in the recent one years’ PSC inspection record〕请填写最近一年的检查detainable items raised 在上一个港口国检查出的缺陷中有无过期未纠正的遗留缺陷或出现了滞留项目_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IMO & OTHER MARITIME RELATED PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS PEQUIRED TO BE CARRIED ONBOARD A HONG KONG REGISTERED SHIPINTERNATIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT (ISM）CODE ISM规则To assess the effectiveness of the Safety Management System (SMS), please see “Explanatory notes to surveyors” for items marked with )NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT 航海仪器LOAD LINE AND STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION 载重线和结构PREVENTION OF POLLUTION 防污染MACHINERY ITEMS 机械项目ELECTRICAL ITEMS 电气项目GMDSS RADIO INSTALLATION GMDSS 无线电设备CREW ACCOMMODATION, HEALTH, WELFARE & MISC. 船员生活区、健康、福利及其它SOLAS RELATED OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DRILLSOverall Grading for Various AspectsD – Poor（差）E – Very Poor（非常差）。
美英报刊阅读教程Lesson 3 课文
Lesson 3 Women Leap Off Corporate LadderMany turn to start-ups for freedom1 Women’s start-ups have higher successBy Stephanie ArmouCorporations are losing thousands of female employees and managers eager to start businesses of their own.Professional women say they’ re leaving corporate jobs because of advancement barriers, scant help balancing work and family, and a desire to pursue an entrepreneurial goal.2Like a growing number of women, JoAnn Corn abandoned a successful corporate career to launch her own business, Health Care Resources, a Denver-based firm3.“I was petrified,” says Corn, who has continually expanded her business. “1 was just champing at the bit.4 My mind was filled with these ideas, but they were suppressed.”An unprecedented number of professional women are taking the same initiative. The number of female-owned businesses is growing at nearly twice the national average, a pace that alarms some private employers.“The loss of women’s talents in corporations is becoming increasingly worrisome,” says Sheila Wellington, president of Catalyst, a New York-based nonprofit and research advisory group5. “Clearly, the message to Corporate America is maintain these women.”The number of female-owned businesses grew by 78% from 1987 to 1996, according to the National Foundation for Women Business Owners (NFWBO) 6. There were about 8 million female-owned businesses in 1996, or 36% of all businesses. Many women are shunning the privatesector7 because of:•Barriers to advancement. Nearly 30% of female entrepreneurs with prior private-sector experience cited glass-ceiling issues8 as the major reason they left corporations, based on a 1998 survey by Catalyst, NFWBO and The Committee of 200, and organization of businesswomen. “There didn’t seem to be a lot of opportunity for moving up,” says Diahann Lassus, who started her own financial planning firm in New Providence, N. J.9, after quitting a corporate management job. “I felt like the opportunities weren’t there anymore.”Diahann Lassus giving a lecture•More flexibility. Even though entrepreneurs toil long hours, many can choose when they work. “I can’t wait for the day when I’m just doing my own business,” says Tammie Chestnut, 27, of Tempe, Ariz.10, who recently launched a resume consulting busi ness”, The Resum6 Shop, while working for the Tempe Chamber of Commerce. “I want freedom. 1 want to take the day off to spend with my child.”The need for flexibility was cited by more than half the female business owners as a major reason for leaving corp orate positions, based on the survey by Catalyst and other women’ s groups.“I wanted to work part time and choose my own hours,” says Aura Ahuvia, 33, who launched a monthly publication, The Washtenaw Parent12, in 1995 from her home in Ann Arbor, Mich13. “It gave me more flexibility than any job around here. If my kids get sick, I can take the day off.”•An entrepreneurial spark14. Many women say entrepreneurial interests were stifled at corporatejobs.“As you get larger, it’s really a struggle to think outside the box15,” says Lois Haber, CEO of Delaware V alley Financial Services in Berwyn, Pa.16, which uses a focus group to foster creativity. “You just want to get the work done.”Female-owned firms generate about $2.3 trillion in revenue, a 236% jump from 1987 to 1996. Female business owners employ about 18.5 million people, which means one out of every four company workers in the USA is at a female-owned firm. “The rise in women entrepreneurs is one of the big demographics changing our society,” says Ly nn Neeley, president-elect of the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship.Female entrepreneursAnd it’s an issue causing mounting concern for private employers trying to hold onto top hires17. Deloitte & Touche, for example, started programs such as flexible work arrangements to help stanch turnover. Others are taking advantage of the disillusionment: McDonald’s ads woo franchisees with the slogan “Golden Arches, not glass ceilings.”18“Women starting businesses today compared to 20 years ago are more likely to leave because they’re frustrated,” says Julie Weeks, research director at NFWBO. “Those are the kind of employees companies would love to keep.”But going solo is no guarantee of success.19 Women report they struggle to be taken seriously. Hours can be grueling. Failure rates are high.While start-ups often have a shaky future, there is promise. Female-owned businesses are more likely to remain in operation than the average firm. The fastest growth today among female-owned firms includes manufacturing, construction, whole-sale distribution and agribusiness.“They see an opportunity to make a difference and become involved,” says Sharon Hadary, executive director of NFWBO. “Not only do we have more women-owned business, the businesses we have are more sophisticated and larger. The businesses themselves are becoming more substantial.”The Small Business Administration reports that nearly three-fourths of female-owned firms launched in 1991 were still operating three years later, vs. two-thirds of all companies.“The biggest obstacle is they’re not taken seriously,” says Phyllis Hill Slater, president of the National Association of Women Business Owners. “I tell women, ‘The more money you earn the more seriously you’ 11 be taken.’ ”Worth the riskMany women feel it’ s worth the gamble. Just last month, Geraldine Laybourne, the president of Walt Disney’ s20 cable networks, said she will leave to start a firm producing shows for women and children.Studies show women take greater risks. According to a survey, 59% of male business owners polled are in a business closely related to previous careers, while 56% of the women own businesses either totally unrelated to previous careers or that had been a personal interest.The shifts can be dramatic. Gail Johnson quit a job as a systems programmer to start Lasting Impression, which helps clients with presentation skills and business etiquette.21“This was always my love,” says Johnson, 50, of Lafayette, Calif.22 “It seemed appealing to be in charge and in control. You’ re out on a limb23 more and you have to wear many hats24, but I love it.”And today’s female entrepreneurs are more apt to be former managers and executives, reflectingwomen’ s advancement over the years.“I kept thinking, ‘Why am I making all this money for someone else?’” says Nina McLemore, who in 1995 co-founded Regent Capital Partners—an equity and debt investment firm—after being president of Liz Claibourne Accessories25.Business experts say companies will continue losing professional women if they don’t do more to encourage them to stay. They suggest retention and mentoring programs, flexible scheduling and a willingness to encourage creativity.Some women say nothing would entice them back. Sharon Fein, 41, started her travel agency instead of taking a management job with a large travel firm.“They wanted me to work more and longer hours for less pay. That’s management,” says Fein of Walnut Creek, Calif.26 “That wasn’ t going to do it. I felt like I didn’ t have a choice.It’ s not without challenges, but it’ s gone very well.”From USA Today, June 9, 1998V. Analysis of Content1. According to this article, private employers __________A. are indifferent to the leaving of top female employeesB. are trying to hold onto female employeesC. have done nothing to attract the femalesD. can easily find male employees to replace female hires2. According to this article, which of the following statements is wrong ?A. Today, female-owned firms are more likely to remain in operation than the average firm.B. The failure rate of female-owned firms is lower than that of the average firm.C. In comparison to men, women take fewer risks in starting a business.D. More than half of female owners are in a business irrelevant to previous careers.3. The sentence “… you have to wear many hats, …” in the last paragraph means ___________.A. you have to put many hats on your headB. you have to take up many responsibilitiesC. you have to take many risksD. you will feel cold at a high position4. The central idea of this article is that__________.A. private employees should do more to encourage their female employees to stayB. women are more independent in the business worldC. female-owned companies are more robust than the average firmD. it ‘ s a growing trend for women to leave corporate jobs to start their own businesses VI. Questions on the Article1. According to this article, what causes professional women to leave their corporate jobs?2. What was the major reason for 30 percent of women’ s decision to leave corporations?3. What does “More flexibility” in this article refer to?4. According to the article, is it easy for women to run their own business?Topics for Discussion1, Do you think it is a good phenomenon that women start their own businesses?2. Do you think that women in the United States enjoy equal treatment as men?。
Lesson3Globalization
Lesson3GlobalizationLesson 3 GlobalizationGoods Move. People Move.Ideas Move. And Cultures Change.DefinitionGlobalization describes an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and exchange.The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture.DevelopmentFor thousands of years, people have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.Early in the 19th century, protectionism was the norm as many countries prohibited imports of manufactured goods. But then Britain took advantage of its “industrial head start” and began liberalizing its trade in search for markets and for its greatly increased production.And the first phase of "modern globalization" began to breakdown at the beginning of the 20th century, with World War I, but resurfaced after World War II.In the years since the World War II, and especially during the past two decades, many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and creating myriad new opportunities for international trade and investment.InfluenceGlobalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways. Such as：Economic : globalization offers more job opportunities and has a major effect on wages and income distribution. ?Political : under the effect of globalization, many international institutions have been established, such as the EU, the WTO, the G8 or the International Criminal Court. ?Cultural : globalization promotes cross-cultural contacts and people’s participation in a "world culture".People’s attitudes towardsGlobalizationProponents stress the positive effect of globalization, saying that it helps developing nations ?catch up‘ to industrialized nations much faster through increased employment and technological advances.Critics emphasize the negative effect of globalization, saying that it weakens national sovereignty and allows rich nations to ship domestic jobs overseas where labor is much cheaper.One of the aspects to resistance is the reassertion of local identities. Some people accept the economic advantages of globalization and seek to maintain something of great value—language, tradition and custom.Can you think of some instances ofglobalization?General Analysis of Text StructureThe whole text is composed of 10 parts.Part 1: Globalization is not an utterly new phenomenon, yet its speed and scope of changes have reached history record. (1—3)Part 2: different views on globalization (4—6)Part 3: three points proposed ? (7—9)Part 4:（10-19）the author‘s experience with Amanda (10—13 ) ?Why ? What ?Tom and mah-jongg –fusion is the trend (14—19)Part 5: (20—28)the past two decades has witnessed dramatic changes in China (20)cultural trends in Shanghai (21—24)change is at the level of ideas (25—28)Part 6: Toffler‘s view on conflict, change and world order (29—34)Part 7: Goods move, people move and ideas move—link with the title (35)Part 8: no uniform culture but cultures will coexist and transform each other. (36)Part 9: transformation of cultures (37—39 ) how ?Part 10: the author‘s view on globalization (40 ) ?PartⅠ(1-3)(a brief introduction)Language pointsLanguage points ?assortment: collection; varietydislodge: drive outclime: regionventure: to undertake the risk ofafield: away (from home)wrought: ←work: to produce results or exert an influenceintricate: complicated; puzzlingknot: string, rope twisted together; difficulty; hard problem ?accelerate: speed updynamic: a force producing a motion or changeDetailed AnalysisPara1s, ... Have accelerated and complicated these connections.Explanation and Paraphrase―In place of the old wants we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant lands and climes.‖ (para.1)- wants: sth. needed but lacking; needs- their:- Human beings have endless desires and needs. After the old needs are satisfied, new ones come into being. And in order to meet these new needs, we demand goods from distant and far-off places.―How people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and how much money they have.‖ (pa ra.2)- this:- People’s attitude towards globalization is to a great extent determined by whether they are in the developed countries or not and whether they are among the haves or the have-nots.Yet globalization, as one reporter stated, ―is a real ity, not a choice.‖ (para.2)- Globalization is not something you can accept or reject; it is a matter of life that you will encounter and have to respond to every day.―Tele graph, telephone, radio, and television tied tighter and more intricate knots between individuals and the wider world.‖ (para.2)- Telegraph,...made the connection between individuals and the outside world closer but at the same time the connection was more complex, less direct, not easy to detect.Part Ⅱ(Paras. 4 – 6)Different views on globalizationWords and Phrases ?clone: produce non-sexually from one ancestorassault: violent and sudden attackagenda: program of things to be doneequate...with: consider (one thing as being equal)使相等视为平等flatten: make flatcrease: a fold or wrinklefaction: discontented, often unscrupulous and self-interested political group 派系，派别sprout: begin to grow or appearxenophobia: fear of foreigners or foreign thingsEx planation and Paraphrase ?―...Wes tern –often equated with American –influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one bigMcWorld‘.‖ (para.4)- cultural crease: cultural diversities- McWorld: a world filled with American goods and culture - Western influences will overwhelm all other non-Westerncultures, making them lose their own unique characteristics, and in the end there exists only one Westernized or Americanized culture.―Popular factions sprout to explore nationalist anxieties.‖ (para.5)- Political groups that have broad support have come into being to take advantage of / make use of existing worries of the people who are afraid of foreign cultural assault. ?―In China, where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand.‖ (para.5)- In China there are two trends, one is fear of foreign things (closed-door) and the other is the desire to build China into an industrialized country (open-door). The two trends have long been struggling for dominance.―Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.‖ (para.5)- museum: backwardness, the kind of life you can only find in museums now- showers that work: modern life high-tech gadgets- The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while the westerners live comfortably with all modern conveniences.Part Ⅲ (Paras. 7 – 9)Three points are made in this part.①Westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise.②Cultures are as resourceful , resilient and unpredictable as thepeople who compose them. ③Teenagers are one of the powerful engines of merging global cultures.Words and Phrases ?bedfellow: an associate, ally 同盟者伙伴blast: attack or criticize sharply 猛攻booster: enthusiastic supporter (boost: promote) 支持者salubrious: healthful 有益健康的resourceful: quick at finding ways of doing things 随机应变的resilient: recovering strength, spirits quickly; buoyant 有弹力的ostensible: apparentfountainhead: source, originorthodox: more traditional正统的mass: a large number (cf. mess)hang out: to visit a place oftenspring from: arise/come from起源于发源于spring up: appear; grow up quickly出现涌现萌芽take sb in hand: control sb as to show him how to actExplanation and Paraphrase―Westernization, ... is a phenomenon shot through with inconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows.‖(para.7)- shot through with: full of (holes after a shotgun blast)- populated by: supported by, held by- Westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.―Apparently westernization i s not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.‖ (para.7)- Westernization is neither terribly bad nor extremely good.―The critical mass of teenagers...is one o f the powerfulengines of merging global cultures.‖ (para.9)- engine: sth. powerful that causes great changes in society - The large number of teenagers, which is decisive, is one of the great forces that generate / cause the cultural globalization.Part Ⅳ(Paras. 10 – 19)subsection1（(Paras. 10 – 13）The author’s experience with AmandaFreeman, a cool hunter.Words and Phrases ?diner: small restaurantseedy: shabbypocket: an isolated area of a specified type ?trendy: ultrafashionablecatch on: become popular流行起来come up with: produce; find提出想出thrift shop: a shop selling second-hand items usu. for charity 旧货商店punk: a type of loud music popular in the late 1970s and 1980s. 朋克摇滚乐mix: to show a combining of things so that the resulting substance is uniform in composition whether or not the separate elements can be distinguished. eg. He ~ed blue with yellow paint to produce the green color.混杂fuse : to unite by melting together into sth indissoluble eg. Severalmetals such as copper, lead, iron are fused into coins of different sizes.熔融blend: to imply a mixing of different varieties to produce a desired quality. Eg. To ~ modern and medieval architecture混合Explanation and Paraphrase ?―...you don‘t have to be cool to do it, ...You just have to have the eye.‖ (para.10)- In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you do not need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant.―If it‘s not going to be affordable, ... it‘s never goin g tocatch on.‖ (para.11)- If the trend is too expensive and cannot be followed by people, it will not become popular.Part Ⅳ(Paras. 10 – 19)subsection2（(Paras. 14 – 19）In order to prove fusion is the trend, the author used Tom Sloper and Mah-jongg as anexample.Words and Phrasesmorph: turn into a variant form变体fanatic: a person filled with excessive enthusiasm狂热者chunky: short and thick矮胖短粗Explanation and Paraphrase―This being America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the res ult.‖ (para.14)- This being America: absolute construction, playing the role of an adverbial clause of cause- marry: (metaphorically) to combine (a metaphor)- America is an open and technologically advanced country with a large market for unusual things.―...and it is still played all over Asia in small rooms that are full of smoke and... It is also played by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan‘s Upper West Side.‖ (para.14)- This sentence shows the sharp contrast between the lower class people in Asia and the upper class people in America. ?―...he told me with that detached friendliness of those whose true connection is with machines.‖ (para.16)-detached: not involved by emotion, interests- ...he told me in a friendly way, but this friendliness lacksemotion because his interest is in the computer, in those people who are connected with him through the Internet.―He, an American playing a Chinese game with peoplein Germany,...was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones.‖ (para.19)- He was roaming in the cyber world, playing games with people living in different time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.Part Ⅴ(Para. 20-28)subsection1（Para.20)Life for many urban Chinese has changeddrastically.Words and Phrasesfast-forward：快进blur: unclear effectunleash: releaseplunge: vi. Decrease/drop/fall suddenly and quickly暴跌，骤降eg: ①Sales ~d by 20 %. ②The temperature ~d below freezing.③plunging neckline=plun ge neckline 低领?neckline：领口，开领Explanation and Paraphrase―If it seems that life in the West has become a fast-forward blur, consider China.‖- Life in the West is moving so fast into the future that outlines are blurred as if images of a video tape being played on fast forward.-如果说西方的生活太超前了，已经看不太清轮廓了，那么就看看中国。
航海专业课程表——英文
海事技術學院或大學航海系課程表The contents and duration of study courses of Navigation Dept. of Maritime Technology College or University適任:Competence: 航程計畫及執行PLAN A VOYAGE AND CONDUCT NA VIGATION(Ref: STCW Code chapter A-II/2, regulation A-II/2, IMO model course 7.01) 科目: Scope:適用於各種不同狀況之航行計畫與航海作業VOYAGE PLANNING AND NA VIGATION FOR ALL CONDITIONS 依據「船舶航路㆒般實施原則」相關作業ROUTEING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES ON SHIP’S ROUTEING 依據「船舶報告系統之準則與標準」提具相關報告REPORTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA FOR SHIP REPORTING SYSTEMS修課標準 Entry standards授課㆟數 Class limitations教師 Instructors教學設備及器材 Teaching facilities andequipment教具 Teaching aids授課時程 Course schedule 海大商船系Merchant marine department NTOU 所有欲取得500總噸位以㆖船舶大副與船長資格之船副This course is principally intended for officers forcertification as master and chief mate on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more.50㆟教師應足以勝任教學與指導之工作，並且擁有適當的教學技巧與方法(STCW Code Section A-I/6)。
Unit3主题和课文分析
Unit 3 Understanding ScienceText A Public Attitudes toward ScienceBackground Introduction✧An overview of the last hundred years --- the development of scienceand technology☺Physics and Astronomy☺Technology☺Life Science✧Warming up Exercises: Checking Your Word Power1) She won't listen to me. Let's see if Sue can bring her around. (劝服、说服)2) They managed to bring off the most daring jewelry robbery in history.(使实现、完成)3) Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? (提出)4) Computer technology will bring about a revolution in business administration. (引起、导致)1) If you're planning a trip to the museum, be sure to put aside at least an hour and a half.(留出)2) Sue has never been very good at putting herself across at interviews. (解释清楚、使被理解)3) The rescue services are still trying to put out the fires. (熄灭)4) If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not put off going to see thedoctor. (推迟、延期)1) The US has threatened to cut off economic and military aid. (切断、阻断)2) Several major hospitals are cutting back on staff at the moment. (削减、缩减)3) The current advice to pregnant women is to cut out alcohol. (祛除、戒除)4) Sorry to cut in on you, but there are one or two things I don't understand. (打断、插嘴)1) She fitted into the team very well. (融入、被接纳)2) Instead of slowing down, the population of the city is growing faster and faster. (减慢)3) The difficulty lies in providing sufficient evidence. (在于)4) You can do without a carpet but you've got to have somewhere to sit. (没有…也设法对付过去)Text AnalysisText Organization(This text is the first piece of expository writing Ss encounter in Book One. Exposition is the process of making a statement and then supporting it with evidence.)Part One Paras 1-3 Main idea: Proposing ArgumentTo make informed decisions about change, the public needa basic understanding of science.Part Two Paras 4-6 Main idea: Supporting DetailsWhat can be done to educate the public about science? Part Three Para 7 Main idea: ConclusionWith an informed public, human civilization will survive.。
大学科技英语课文翻译Unit 1-7
Unit1 Text A 石油1油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。
含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。
2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。
比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。
3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。
生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。
其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。
4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。
在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。
5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。
而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。
石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。
若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。
有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。
1859年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。
6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。
而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。
7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。
石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。
8 到19世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。
9 然而，到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。
内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。
最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。
船检英语
目录一．名词部分（一）船舶1．船舶与海上设施的种类2．数据与资料3．舱室处所4．高级船员和船员5．船级（二）船体（三）轮机（四）电气（五）消防（六）救生设备（七）焊接二．动词部分（一）船舶处于或遭遇的状态或情况（二）缺陷与损坏的类别与原因（三）修理方法（四）检查与试验三．短语句子部分（一）短语（1-133）（二）句子（134-443）四．报告部分全况检验制造中缺陷火灾事故遭遇坏天气遭遇大雾碰撞损坏（螺旋浆被灯船锚链缠绕继而发生碰撞）碰撞损坏（机动货驳碰撞后沉没，已无修理价值）碰撞损坏（渔船船首被碰撞）搁浅损坏腐蚀进水损坏锚损坏货舱损坏舱盖损坏浪击损坏浪损螺旋浆损坏可调节螺旋浆轴联轴器安装缺陷主机损坏（连杆轴承下盖的潜在缺陷所致）主机损坏（推力轴承没有起到止推作用曲轴前移所致）主机损坏（主机飞车曲轴后臂红套移动所致）主机损坏（缸套裂缝所致）付机损坏（发电柴油机爆炸，已无修理价值）付机损坏（活塞、缸套长期在高热应力中运转而产生裂缝所致）缸套活塞损坏增压器损坏尾轴油封装置渗漏离合器损坏起重机损坏门式起重机损坏履带式起重机回转支索损坏垃圾箱损坏码头损坏钻井平台远洋拖航一．名词部分（一）船舶1．船舶与海上设施的类型Type of Ship and Offshore Unit 货船Cargo Ship杂货船General cargo ship干货船Dry cargo ship散货船Bulk carrier矿沙船Ore carrier运煤船Coal carrier集装箱船Container ship滚装货船Ro/Ro ship冷藏船Refrigerated ship运畜船Cattle carrier运木船Timber carrier近海供应船Offshore supply ship散装矿砂船Bulk Ore carrier混装船Combination carrier载驳母船Barge Carrier汽车运输船Car carrier液货船Liquid Cargo Carrier油船Oil tanker化学品液货船Chemical tanker液化气体船Liquefied gas carrier油矿两用船Oil/ore carrier油散两用船Oil/bulk carrier油散矿三用船Oil/bulk/ore carrier客船Passenger Ship客船Passenger ship豪华旅游客船Cruise ship旅游船Tourist ship高速客船High speed passenger craft双体客船Passenger catamaran客货船Passenger-cargo ship客箱船Passenger container ship客滚船Ro/Ro Passenger Ship高速船High Speed Craft全垫升气垫船Air-cushion Vehicle水面效应船Surface Effect Ship双体气垫船Air-cushion Catamaran侧壁气垫船Side-wall Hovercraft高速双体船High Speed Catamaran高速单体船High Speed Monohull Craft地效翼船Wing-in Ground Craft水翼船Hydrofoil Craft动力支承船Dynamically Supported Craft两栖船Amphibious Craft小水面单体船Small Waterplane Area Single Hull Ship 小水面双体船Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull Ship 驳船Barge客驳Passenger Barge货驳Cargo Barge敞口驳Open Barge甲板驳Deck Barge集装箱驳Container Barge分节驳Integrated Barge开底驳Hopper Barge油驳Oil Barge趸船（箱形驳）Pontoon拖船Tug港作拖船Harbour Tug打捞拖船Salvage Tug顶推船Pusher近海供应拖船Offshore tug/supply ship工程船Engineering Ship挖泥船Dredger耙吸式挖泥船Trailing suction dredger绞吸式挖泥船Cutter suction dredger链斗式挖泥船Bucket dredger抓斗式挖泥船Grab dredger铲斗式挖泥船Dipper dredger吹泥船Reclamation craft开底泥驳Hopper Barge对开泥驳Split Hopper Barge起重船Floating Crane浮船坞Floating Dock打桩船Floating Pile Driver布缆船Cable Layer潜水工作船Diving Boat港区工作船Harbour Operating Ship破冰船Ice breaker消防船Fire Boat救护船/救助船Rescue Ship引水船Pilot Vessel海关船Customs Boat巡逻船Patrol Boat布标船Buoy Layer灯标船Beacon Boat交通艇Traffic Boat垃圾船Garbage Boat浮油回收船Oil Recovery Ship污水处理船Sewage Disposal Vessel海水淡化船Distilling Ship渡船Ferry乘客渡船Passenger Ferry火车渡船Train Ferry车客渡船Vehicle Passenger Ferry海峡渡船Channel Ferry渔船Fishing Vessel渔品加工船Fish-Factory Ship拖网渔船Trawler围网渔船Netter捕鲸船Whaling Ship活鱼运输船Live Fish Carrier其他船舶科学调查船Research ship训练船Training Ship特殊用途船Special purpose ship内河船Inland Waterways Ship海上设施海上移动平台Mobile Offshore Unit海上移动钻井平台Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit水面式平台Surface Unit船式平台Ship-type Unit驳船平台Barge-type Unit自升式平台Self-elevating Unit柱稳式平台Column-stabilized Unit半潜式平台Semi-submersible Unit坐底式平台Submersible Unit采油平台Production Unit储油平台Storage Unit生活平台Accommodation Unit修理平台Repair Unit海上固定平台Fixed Offshore Platform海底管道Submarine Pipeline潜水系统和潜水器Diving System and Submersible单点系泊Single Point Mooring (SPM)浮式生产与储油装置Floating Production and Storage Unit (FSUs)浮式生产、储存及卸载系统Floating Production, Storage and Offloading System (FPSOs)2．数据与资料Data and Information数据总长Length overall(L OA)垂线间长Length bet. perpendiculars (L BP)首、尾垂线Forward and after perpendiculars型宽Moulded breadth型深Moulded depth建造日期Date of build签订建造合同日期Date of building contract龙骨安放日期Date of keel laid交船日期Date of delivery下水日期Launching date重大改建Major conversion安放龙骨或船舶处于相似建造阶段的日期Date on which keel was laid or ship was at a similar stage of construction 签订改建合同日期Date of conversion contract改建完工日期Date of completion of conversion船舶所有人Owner经营人Operator承租人Charterer船舶编号或呼号Distinctive number or letters航行区域Navigation area/Service area/Trade area曾用过的船名Former Name姐妹船Sister Ship总吨位Gross tonnage净吨位Net tonnage排水量Displacement载货量Cargo weight载重量Deadweight空船重量Light(-ship) weight吃水(首、尾、平均) Draft ( fwd, aft, mean)稳性Stability完整稳性Intact stability破舱稳性Damaged stability分舱（抗沉性）Subdivision初稳性高度Metacentric height衡准数Criterion numeral剖面模数Section modulus惯性矩Moment of inertia纵总强度Longitudinal strength局部强度Local strength方形系数Block coefficient静水弯矩Still water bending moment重心垂直高度Vertical height of centre of gravity屈服应力Yield stress标准舷弧Standard sheer防火分隔Fire division航区限制Navigation area restriction海况限制Sea state restriction天气限制Weather restriction最大抗风暴能力Max. weatherliness储备浮力Reserve buoyancy续航力Endurance渗透率Permeability盲区Blind area共振区域Resonance region容许载荷Permissible load核定载客数Number of persons certified to carry 干舷：Freeboard热带干舷Tropical freeboard夏季干舷Summer freeboard冬季干舷Winter freeboard北大西洋冬季干舷Winter North Atlantic freeboard热带木材干舷Timber tropical夏季木材干舷Timber summer冬季木材干舷Timber winter北大西洋冬季木材干舷Timber winter North Atlantic freeboard 淡水宽限Allowance for fresh water减少干舷的B型船舶Type B with reduced freeboard增加干舷的B型船舶Type B with increased freeboard载重线：Load line载重线标志Loadline marks资料防火控制图Fire control plans海图( up-to-date最新) Charts航路指南Sailing direction灯塔表Lists of lights航行通告Notices to mariners潮汐表Tide tables航海出版物Nautical publications应变部署表Muster list国际信号规则International Code of Signals航海日志Deck log book机舱日志Engine room log book无线电日志Radio log book线型图Lines稳性资料Stability information装载手册Loading manual干舷计算书Freeboard calculations配载图Stowage plan操作说明书Operation instructions维修计划Maintenance plan训练手册Training manual船上维修保养指南Instructions for on-board maintenance 弃船训练演习手册Abandon ship training and drill manual3．舱室处所Compartments or Spaces舱室工作和设备舱室：驾驶室海图室报务室雷达室声纳室主机舱主机操纵室辅机舱锅炉舱机炉舱减速器舱舵机舱通风机室变流机室空调室应急发电机室冷冻机室灭火装置室蓄电池室陀螺罗经室方位水平仪室计程仪舱导弹舱弹药舱深弹舱弹药转运舱声纳舱wheel housechart roomradio roomradar roomsonar roommain engine roommain engine control room auxiliary engine room boiler roomengine and boiler room reduction gear room steering gear roomfan roomcommutator roomair-conditioner room emergency generator room refrigerator roomfire control roombattery roomgyro-compass room azimuth level roomlog roommissile roommagazinedepth charge room ammunition lobby sonacelle, sonar nacelle机修间电工间木工间锚链舱桅屋洗消室居住舱室：居住舱室客舱船员舱室墙壁天花板侧壁板里子板装饰家具书桌衣橱梳妆台书柜餐具柜椅子沙发桌子帷幔窗帘地毯货舱：货舱货油舱集装箱舱冷藏货舱液化天燃气舱邮件舱行李舱汽车舱液舱燃油舱滑油舱压载水舱淡水舱污水舱储藏室workshopelectrician’s storecarpenter’s storechain lockermast housedecontamination room Accommodation, living accommodation Cabincrew’s cabinwalltop ceilingside ceilingliningdecorationfurnituredeskwardrobedressing tablebureauxdresserchairsofatabledraperycurtaincarpetcargo hold（详见船体部分的货舱）cargo oil tankcontainer holdrefrigerated cargo holdliquefied natural gas tankmail roomluggage roomvehicle holdliquid tankfuel oil tanklubricating oil tankballast tankfresh water tankbilge tankstore, store room帆缆间油漆间粮食库冷藏库其他：首尖舱尾尖舱顶边舱：甲板强横梁与舱口一直线的垂直边板船壳板斜底板底边舱双层底舱翼舱边舱平衡舱深舱残油舱隔离空舱空舱hawser storepaint roomprovision storerefrigerating chamberfore peak tankaft peak tanktopside tankdeck transversevertical side plating in line with hatch shell platingsloping platinghopper side tankdouble bottom tankwing tankside tankheeling tankdeep tanksludge/oil residue tankcofferdamvoid tank处所货物处所：Cargo spaces货舱Cargo hold货油舱Cargo oil tank液货舱Liquid cargo tank围壁通道Trunk起居处所：Accommodation spaces公共处所Public space走廊Corridor盥洗室Lavatory住所Cabin办公室Office医务室Hospital放映室Cinema游戏室Game room娱乐室Hobby room理发室Barber shop配膳室(无烹调设备) Pantry(containing no cooking appliances) 公共处所：Public spaces:大厅Hall餐室Dining room休息室Lounge类似的固定围闭处所Similar permanently enclosed spaces 服务处所：Service spaces：厨房Galley配膳室(设有烹调设备的) Pantry (containing cooking appliances) 储物间Locker邮件舱Mail room贵重物品室Specie room储藏室Store room工作间Workshop围壁通道Trunk特种处所：Special category spaces：舱壁甲板以上或以下围闭的车辆处所Enclosed vehicle spaces above and below the bulkhead deck机器处所：Machinery spaces：A类机器处所Machinery space of category A装有下列机械的处所推进机械；锅炉；燃油装置；蒸汽机和内燃机；发电机和主要电动机；加油站；冷藏机；防摇装置；通风机；空气调节机械。
航海英语 其他出版物课件
Volume 4 – Lists of Meteorological Observation Stations ( NP 284 ) and associated diagram .
Volume 5 – Global Maritime Distress and Safety System ( GMDSS ) ( NP 285 ) contains particulars of : GMDSS-Information and associated diagrams including extracts from the relevant International Telecommunications Union Radio Regulations and service available to assist vessels using or participating in the GMDSS .
III Admiralty List of Radio Signals (ALRS)
The
volumes of ALRS provide a comprehensive source of information on all aspects of maritime Radio Communications as follows: 英版无线电信号表提供了各个方面的海上无 线电通信综合的信息资源如下：
II Admiralty Digital List of Lights
Admiralty
Digital List of Lights (DP 565) is a PC-based programme using exactly the same official data as that provided in paper form. The programme has been approved by the MCA as meeting SOLAS carriage requirements.
船舶安全检查清单PSC
LIST OF SHIP SAFETY INSPECTION 船舶安全检查清单M.V. _____________________________ IMO Number________________________ Official Number______________________DOCUMENTA TION 证书Statutory Certificates 法定证书Note: N.A.- Not Applicable注: N.A - 不适用Other Certificates/Documents/Records* To note if there is any condition of class 如有任何船级社条件证书请说明Documents and Plans to be posted up onboard 船上需要张贴的文件和计划Manuals, Booklets and Record BookPORT STA TE CONTROL INSPECTION RECORD 港口国检查记录〔Please fill in the recent one years’ PSC inspection record〕请填写最近一年的检查记录Any outstanding deficiencies from previous port state control inspection overdue or detainable items raised 在上一个港口国检查出的缺陷中有无过期未纠正的遗留缺陷或出现了滞留项目_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________CREW CERTIFICA TES 船员证书CREW INFORMA TION 船员资料* only applicable for ships with HK flag 仅适用于香港籍船舶。
报刊杂志课文英中备课
Unit 1 大学为保护资金利益而大肆游说 (1)Unit 2 Economics P31 Global Motors 世界汽车公司 (6)Two-Faced Capitalism 虚伪的资本主义 (15)Older Women, Too, Struggle with a Dangerous Secret年长的妇女也在用危险的秘密拼搏 (21)Unit 1 Politics政治The higher Education of Washington华盛顿高等教育Universities step up lobbying to protect funding interests大学为保护资金利益而大肆游说By Dan Morgan丹. 摩根When the University of California at Los Angeles put Rep. Jerry Lewis (R-Calif.) on the cover of this winter‟s alumni bulletin, it was a tribute to a distinguished graduate who is so close to his alma mater that he named his dog Bruin, after UCLA‟s revered symbol.新词：lobbying游说拉票step up增加，促进，加速University of California at Los Angeles 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校Rep.＝Representative众议员alumni毕业生男校友bulletin期刊，公告, 公报，tribute贡品, 礼物, 颂词, 殷勤alma mater母校Bruin 吉祥物熊（布轮熊）revere尊敬，敬畏参考译文：美国加州大学洛杉矶分校在今年冬季毕业生期刊封面刊登美国国会议员杰尔.刘易斯（加州共和党人），对与其母校的关系密切得能用美国加州大学洛杉矶分校吉祥物将其宠狗取名为布轮熊的杰出毕业生大肆颂扬。
航海英语翻译
第六章 34-54，第七章第九节 93-98，第八章99-110，第十章 128-144，第十一章 145-163，第十三章 174-192 第一节第二节各类证书的内容、展期与更新各类报表（海事、海关、检疫、边防等）航海图书资料（ 16）第二章航海图书资料（1-16）第一节第二节第三节第1组航路指南进港指南航海出版物（灯标表、天文表、海员手册、大洋航路图等） 1. __D____ are published for the correction of AdmiraltyCharts． A．Admiralty Sailing Directions B．Admiralty List of Signals C．Mariner's Handbook D．Admiralty Notices to Mariners 英版《航海通告》出版用于英版海图的改正。
2.___C___ gives a description of the combined Cardinal and Lateral Buoyage system including textual and diagrammatic explanations of the five types of marks；lateral；cardinal，isolated danger；safe water and special marks． A．Ocean Passages for the World（NP136） B．Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Charts，Chart 5011 C．IALA Maritime Buoyage System（NP735）D．The Mariners Handbook（NP100）国际航标协会海上浮标系统给出有关包括文字和图表解释的方位标和侧标（五种航标：侧标，方位标，安全水域，特殊标志）的描述。
船体英语
一．名词部分（一）船舶1．船舶与海上设施的类型Type of Ship and Offshore Unit 货船Cargo Ship杂货船General cargo ship干货船Dry cargo ship散货船Bulk carrier矿沙船Ore carrier运煤船Coal carrier集装箱船Container ship滚装货船Ro/Ro ship冷藏船Refrigerated ship运畜船Cattle carrier运木船Timber carrier近海供应船Offshore supply ship散装矿砂船Bulk Ore carrier混装船Combination carrier载驳母船Barge Carrier汽车运输船Car carrier液货船Liquid Cargo Carrier油船Oil tanker化学品液货船Chemical tanker液化气体船Liquefied gas carrier油矿两用船Oil/ore carrier油散两用船Oil/bulk carrier油散矿三用船Oil/bulk/ore carrier客船Passenger Ship客船Passenger ship豪华旅游客船Cruise ship旅游船Tourist ship高速客船High speed passenger craft双体客船Passenger catamaran客货船Passenger-cargo ship客箱船Passenger container ship客滚船Ro/Ro Passenger Ship高速船High Speed Craft全垫升气垫船Air-cushion Vehicle水面效应船Surface Effect Ship双体气垫船Air-cushion Catamaran侧壁气垫船Side-wall Hovercraft高速双体船High Speed Catamaran2高速单体船High Speed Monohull Craft地效翼船Wing-in Ground Craft水翼船Hydrofoil Craft动力支承船Dynamically Supported Craft两栖船Amphibious Craft小水面单体船Small Waterplane Area Single Hull Ship 小水面双体船Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull Ship 驳船Barge客驳Passenger Barge货驳Cargo Barge敞口驳Open Barge甲板驳Deck Barge集装箱驳Container Barge分节驳Integrated Barge开底驳Hopper Barge油驳Oil Barge趸船（箱形驳）Pontoon拖船Tug港作拖船Harbour Tug打捞拖船Salvage Tug顶推船Pusher近海供应拖船Offshore tug/supply ship工程船Engineering Ship挖泥船Dredger耙吸式挖泥船Trailing suction dredger绞吸式挖泥船Cutter suction dredger链斗式挖泥船Bucket dredger抓斗式挖泥船Grab dredger铲斗式挖泥船Dipper dredger吹泥船Reclamation craft开底泥驳Hopper Barge对开泥驳Split Hopper Barge起重船Floating Crane浮船坞Floating Dock打桩船Floating Pile Driver布缆船Cable Layer潜水工作船Diving Boat港区工作船Harbour Operating Ship破冰船Ice breaker消防船Fire Boat救护船/救助船Rescue Ship引水船Pilot Vessel海关船Customs Boat巡逻船Patrol Boat3布标船Buoy Layer灯标船Beacon Boat交通艇Traffic Boat垃圾船Garbage Boat浮油回收船Oil Recovery Ship污水处理船Sewage Disposal Vessel海水淡化船Distilling Ship渡船Ferry乘客渡船Passenger Ferry火车渡船Train Ferry车客渡船Vehicle Passenger Ferry海峡渡船Channel Ferry渔船Fishing Vessel渔品加工船Fish-Factory Ship拖网渔船Trawler围网渔船Netter捕鲸船Whaling Ship活鱼运输船Live Fish Carrier其他船舶科学调查船Research ship训练船Training Ship特殊用途船Special purpose ship内河船Inland Waterways Ship海上设施海上移动平台Mobile Offshore Unit海上移动钻井平台Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit水面式平台Surface Unit船式平台Ship-type Unit驳船平台Barge-type Unit自升式平台Self-elevating Unit柱稳式平台Column-stabilized Unit半潜式平台Semi-submersible Unit坐底式平台Submersible Unit采油平台Production Unit储油平台Storage Unit生活平台Accommodation Unit修理平台Repair Unit海上固定平台Fixed Offshore Platform海底管道Submarine Pipeline潜水系统和潜水器Diving System and Submersible单点系泊Single Point Mooring (SPM)浮式生产与储油装置Floating Production and Storage Unit (FSUs)浮式生产、储存及卸载系统Floating Production, Storage and Offloading System (FPSOs) 42．数据与资料Data and Information数据总长Length overall(L OA)垂线间长Length bet. perpendiculars (L BP)首、尾垂线Forward and after perpendiculars型宽Moulded breadth型深Moulded depth建造日期Date of build签订建造合同日期Date of building contract龙骨安放日期Date of keel laid交船日期Date of delivery下水日期Launching date重大改建Major conversion安放龙骨或船舶处于相似建造阶段的日期Date on which keel was laid or ship was at a similar stage of construction 签订改建合同日期Date of conversion contract改建完工日期Date of completion of conversion船舶所有人Owner经营人Operator承租人Charterer船舶编号或呼号Distinctive number or letters航行区域Navigation area/Service area/Trade area曾用过的船名Former Name姐妹船Sister Ship总吨位Gross tonnage净吨位Net tonnage排水量Displacement载货量Cargo weight载重量Deadweight空船重量Light(-ship) weight吃水(首、尾、平均) Draft ( fwd, aft, mean)稳性Stability完整稳性Intact stability破舱稳性Damaged stability分舱（抗沉性）Subdivision初稳性高度Metacentric height衡准数Criterion numeral剖面模数Section modulus惯性矩Moment of inertia纵总强度Longitudinal strength局部强度Local strength方形系数Block coefficient静水弯矩Still water bending moment5重心垂直高度Vertical height of centre of gravity屈服应力Yield stress标准舷弧Standard sheer防火分隔Fire division航区限制Navigation area restriction海况限制Sea state restriction天气限制Weather restriction最大抗风暴能力Max. weatherliness储备浮力Reserve buoyancy续航力Endurance渗透率Permeability盲区Blind area共振区域Resonance region容许载荷Permissible load核定载客数Number of persons certified to carry干舷：Freeboard热带干舷Tropical freeboard夏季干舷Summer freeboard冬季干舷Winter freeboard北大西洋冬季干舷Winter North Atlantic freeboard热带木材干舷Timber tropical夏季木材干舷Timber summer冬季木材干舷Timber winter北大西洋冬季木材干舷Timber winter North Atlantic freeboard 淡水宽限Allowance for fresh water减少干舷的B 型船舶Type B with reduced freeboard增加干舷的B 型船舶Type B with increased freeboard载重线：Load line载重线标志Loadline marks资料防火控制图Fire control plans海图( up-to-date 最新) Charts航路指南Sailing direction灯塔表Lists of lights航行通告Notices to mariners潮汐表Tide tables航海出版物Nautical publications应变部署表Muster list国际信号规则International Code of Signals航海日志Deck log book机舱日志Engine room log book无线电日志Radio log book6线型图Lines稳性资料Stability information装载手册Loading manual干舷计算书Freeboard calculations配载图Stowage plan操作说明书Operation instructions维修计划Maintenance plan训练手册Training manual船上维修保养指南Instructions for on-board maintenance弃船训练演习手册Abandon ship training and drill manual 3．舱室处所Compartments or Spaces舱室工作和设备舱室：驾驶室wheel house海图室chart room报务室radio room雷达室radar room声纳室sonar room主机舱main engine room主机操纵室main engine control room辅机舱auxiliary engine room锅炉舱boiler room机炉舱engine and boiler room减速器舱reduction gear room舵机舱steering gear room通风机室fan room变流机室commutator room空调室air-conditioner room应急发电机室emergency generator room冷冻机室refrigerator room灭火装置室fire control room蓄电池室battery room陀螺罗经室gyro-compass room方位水平仪室azimuth level room计程仪舱log room导弹舱missile room弹药舱magazine深弹舱depth charge room弹药转运舱ammunition lobby声纳舱sonacelle, sonar nacelle7机修间workshop电工间electrician’s store木工间carpenter’s store锚链舱chain locker桅屋mast house洗消室decontamination room居住舱室Accommodation, living accommodation 客舱Cabin船员舱室crew’s cabin墙壁wall天花板top ceiling侧壁板side ceiling里子板lining装饰decoration家具furniture书桌desk衣橱wardrobe梳妆台dressing table书柜table bureaux餐具柜 dresser椅子chair沙发sofa桌子table帷幔drapery窗帘curtain地毯carpet货舱cargo hold货油舱cargo oil tank集装箱舱container hold冷藏货舱refrigerated cargo hold液化天燃气舱liquefied natural gas tank邮件舱mail room行李舱luggage room汽车舱vehicle hold液舱liquid tank燃油舱fuel oil tank滑油舱lubricating oil tank压载水舱ballast tank淡水舱fresh water tank污水舱bilge tank储藏室store, store room8帆缆间hawser store油漆间paint room粮食库provision store冷藏库refrigerating chamber其他：首尖舱fore peak tank尾尖舱aft peak tank顶边舱：topside tank甲板强横梁deck transverse与舱口一直线的垂直边板vertical side plating in line with hatch 船壳板shell plating斜底板sloping plating底边舱hopper side tank双层底舱double bottom tank翼舱wing tank边舱side tank平衡舱heeling tank深舱deep tank残油舱sludge/oil residue tank隔离空舱cofferdam空舱void tank处所货物处所：Cargo spaces货舱Cargo hold货油舱Cargo oil tank液货舱Liquid cargo tank围壁通道Trunk起居处所：Accommodation spaces公共处所Public space走廊Corridor盥洗室Lavatory住所Cabin办公室Office医务室Hospital放映室Cinema游戏室Game room娱乐室Hobby room理发室Barber shop配膳室(无烹调设备) Pantry(containing no cooking appliances)公共处所：Public spaces:大厅Hall餐室Dining room9休息室Lounge类似的固定围闭处所Similar permanently enclosed spaces服务处所：Service spaces：厨房Galley配膳室(设有烹调设备的) Pantry (containing cooking appliances) 储物间Locker邮件舱Mail room贵重物品室Specie room储藏室Store room工作间Workshop围壁通道Trunk特种处所：Special category spaces：舱壁甲板以上或以下围闭的车辆处所Enclosed vehicle spaces above and below the bulkhead deck机器处所：Machinery spaces：A 类机器处所Machinery space of category A装有下列机械的处所Spaces containing:推进机械；Propulsion machinery,锅炉；Boilers,燃油装置；Oil fuel units,蒸汽机和内燃机；Steam and internal combustion engines,发电机和主要电动机；Generators and major electrical machinery,加油站；Oil filling station,冷藏机；Refrigerating installation,防摇装置；Stabilizing installation,通风机；Ventilation installation,空气调节机械。
航海英语词汇
Unit 1 Nautical PublicationsLesson 1 Admiralty Sailing Directions Words and Termsnautical ['nɔːtɪk(ə)l] adj.航海的publication [,pʌblɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 出版物航海图书资料admiralty ['ædmərəltɪ] n.英版的Admiralty Sailing Directions英版航路指南publish ['pʌblɪʃ] vt.出版volume ['vɒljuːm]n. 卷；册complementary [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ] adj.对……的补充chart [tʃɑːt]n.海图UKHOUnited Kingdom Hydrographic Office英国海测局assumption [ə'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n] n.假设appropriate [ə'prəʊprɪət] adj. 合适的相关的primarily ['praɪm(ə)rɪ lɪ] adv. 主要地vessel ['ves(ə)l] n.船舶mariner ['mærɪnə] n.海员gt=gross tonnage 总吨take…into account将……考虑在内hovercraft ['hɒvəkrɑːft]n.气垫船submarine [ˌsʌbmə'riːn]n．潜水艇draught=draft [drɑːft]n. 吃水as follows [əz 'fɒləʊz] adv. 如下consult [kən'sʌlt] v 参考abbreviation [əˌbriːvi'eɪʃn] n. 缩写glossary ['ɡlɒsəri] n. 词汇表navigational [,nævɪ'geɪʃnəl] 航行的航海的navigational dangers=dangers to navigation航行危险物navigational hazard= hazards to navigation航行危险物navigational aids= aids to navigation 助航设备Malacca[mə'lækə] 马六甲strait[streɪt] 海峡bottom['bɒtəm] 底部，海底tidal ['taɪd(ə)l] 潮汐的current ['kʌr(ə)nt] 流，洋流sand-wave 沙浪，（海底）波浪形的沙丘details=detailed information 详细信息form [fɔːm]v. 形成bound for [baʊnd] v. 驶往……route [ruːt]n．航路，航线IMOInternational Maritime Organization国际海事组织adopt [ə'dɒpt] v. 采纳，采用TSS=Traffic Separation Scheme 分道通航制establish [ɪ'stæblɪʃ] v. 建立vary ['veəri] v. 变化多端designated ['dezɪɡ,neɪtɪd] adj. 专用的tidal ['taɪdl] adj. 潮汐的be liable to do…很容易……stream [striːm]n. 流，洋流maintain [meɪn'teɪn] v. 保养unreliable [ˌʌnrɪ'laɪəbl] adj. 不可靠的mile [maɪl] n. 英里nautical mile 海里depth [depθ]n. 水深considerable [kən'sɪdərəbl] adj. 大量的fishing activity 渔业活动adjacent [ə'dʒeɪsnt] adj. 临近的毗邻的factor ['fæktə] n. 因素density ['densiti] n. 密度concentration [ˌkɒnsen'treɪʃən] n. 集中度demand [dɪ'mɑːnd] v. 要求vigilance ['vɪdʒɪləns] n. 警惕piracy ['paɪrəsi] n. 海盗活动pirate ['paɪrət] n. 海盗armed [ɑːmd]adj. 武装的robbery ['rɒbəri] n. 抢劫attack [ə'tæk]n. &v.袭击at anchor 锚泊underway [ˌʌndə'weɪ] 在航prevalent ['prevələnt] adj. 盛行的普遍的approach [ə'prəʊtʃ] v. 靠近stern [stɜːn]n. 船尾side [saɪd] 船舷portside=port [pɔːt]左舷starboard side ['stɑːbəd]右舷=starboardfreeboard ['friːˌbɔːd]n. 干舷in excess of 超过……kn=knot 节（航速单位）board [bɔːd]v. 登船take place v. 发生Useful Expressionsbe complementary to…对……的补充take …into account 将……考虑在内as follows （用于列举）如下be liable to do something 易于做某事be less liable to do something 不容易做某事in excess of…超过……take place 发生consist of…包含……，有……构成be aware of…意识到……be unaware of…没有意识到……at intervals 不时地in force 有效的，有效力的Lesson 2 Nautical ChartsWords and Termsnautical ['nɔːtɪk(ə)l] adj.航海的chart [tʃɑːt]n. 海图issue ['ɪʃuː]v.n.发布发布density of traffic n.通航密度scale [skeɪl] n. 比例尺medium ['miːdiəm] adj. 中等的chart datum n.海图基准面chart legend n.海图图例chart title n.海图标题栏chart number n.海图编号ECDISElectronic Chart Display and information System 电子海图显示与信息系统vector chart n.矢量海图ENCElectronic Nautical Chartn. 电子海图raster chart n. 光栅海图facsimile [fæk'sɪməli] n.复印件error ['erə(r)] n.误差lay down 标绘take…into account将……考虑在内displacement n.错位，误差cable ['keɪbl] n. 链（长度单位）1链=0.1海里bearing ['beərɪŋ]n. 方位order ['ɔːdə(r)] n. 顺序elevation [ˌelɪ'veɪʃn] n. 高程period ['pɪəriəd] n. 周期range [reɪndʒ] n. （灯光的）射程geographical range n. 地理能见距离luminous range n. 光达距离nominal range n. 额定光达距离beacon ['biːkən] n. 信标ocean chart n. 大洋图sailing chart n.航行图general chart n.总图coastal chart n.沿岸航行图harbor chart n.港泊图primary [‘praɪməri] adj. 原始的derive [dɪ'raɪv] v. 衍生derived chart n. 派生海图insert [ɪn’sɜːt]n. 插入amend [ə'mend] n. 修改，修正delete [dɪ’liːt]v. 删除substitute [‘sʌbstɪtjuːt]v. 替代alteration [ˌɔːltə’reɪʃn] n. 改变alter [ɔːltə] v. 改变=change erasure [ɪ’reɪʒə®] n. 擦拭，涂擦block [blɒk] n. 贴图symbol [‘sɪmbl] n. 符号abbreviation [əˌbriːvi’eɪʃn] n. 缩写tide n. 潮汐low water n. 低潮high water n. 高潮spring tide n. 大潮neap tide n. 小潮mud [mʌd] n. 泥土clay [kleɪ] n. 黏土coral [‘kɒrəl] n. 珊瑚礁obstruction [əb’strʌkʃn] n. 障碍物cautionary ['kɔːʃənəri] adj. 警告性的cautionary notes n. 注意事项blank [blæŋk]adj. 空白的facility [fə’sɪləti] n. 便利avoid [ə’vɔɪd] v. 避免shallow waters n. 浅水区fishing gear n. 捕鱼设备submarine [ˌsʌbmə’riːn]n. 潜艇exercise [‘eksəsaɪz] n. （军事）演习live weapon exercise n. 实弹演习reliability [rɪˌlaɪə’bɪləti] n. 可靠性reliable [rɪ'laɪəbl] adj. 可靠的congested waters n. 拥挤水域trawl [trɔːlə] v. 拖网（捕鱼）trawler [trɔːl]n. （拖网）捕鱼船bury [‘beri]v. 掩埋span [spæn] v. 蔓延，蜿蜒snag [snæɡ]v. 被缠住，被绊住fathom [‘fæðəm] n. 拓，（英制单位）yard [jɑːd]n. 码foot (复数形式feet) n. 英尺mile [maɪl] n. 英里nautical mile n. 海里shackle ['ʃækl] n. 节，=27.5米omit [ə’mɪt] v. 删除unlit [ˌʌn’lɪt] adj. 不发光的projection n. 投影Mercator[’məkeɪtə] n. 墨卡托投影projectiongnomonic projection [nəʊ'mɒnɪk] n. 心射投影cylindrical[sə'lɪndrɪkl] n. 圆柱投影projectionsimple conic['kɒnɪk] n. 单圆锥投影projectionpolyconic projection [pɒlɪ'kɒnɪk] n. 多圆锥投影rectangular[rek'tæŋɡjələ(r)]n. 矩形投影projectionmagnetic variationn. 磁差曲线图chartcompass rose n. 罗经花isogonic line n. 等磁差线great circle n. 大圆rhumb line [rʌm]n. 恒向线track line n. 航迹线pecked line [pekt] n. 虚线magenta [mə'dʒentə] n. 紫红色cable area n. 电缆区dumping ground n. 垃圾倾倒区fish trap area n. 捕鱼区precautionary area [prɪ'kɔːʃənəri] n. 警戒区new edition n.新版revised edition n.修订版current edition n.当前版本Useful Expressionsbe subject to…易受……的影响depend on…取决于……appropriate to 与……想对应的have regard to…考虑……lay down （在海图上）标注，标绘vary with…随着……而变化familiarize somebody with something 使某人熟悉某事give somebody facilities to do something 便于某人做某事avoid doing something 避免做……made damage to …对……造成损坏in the vicinity of…在……附近put … in danger 置于……于危险之中differ from…不同于……agree with…与……相一致be based on…根据……bear … in mind 铭记……Lesson 3 Admiralty Notices to Mariners Words and Termsup-to-date [‘ʌptə’deɪt] adj.最新的latest [‘leɪtɪst] adj. 最新的enable [ɪ’neɪbl] v. 使能够publish ['pʌblɪʃ] v. 印刷，出版issue ['ɪʃuː]v. 发布regularly ['reɡjələli]adv. 定期地dispatch [dɪ'spætʃ] v. 派发，分发content ['kɒntent] n. 内容weekly edition n. 周版Weekly Editions n. （周版的）航海通告surface mail n. 平邮air mail n. 空邮researchable [rɪ'sɜːtʃəbl] adj. 可以（在线）搜索的explanatory [ɪk'splænətri] adj. 解释性的list [lɪst] n. 清单update [ˌʌp’deɪt] v.n.更新改正，更新reprint [ˌriː’prɪnt] n.重新印刷amendment [ə’mendmənt] n.改正，更新accurate [‘ækjərət] adj. 准确的be aware of [ə'weə(r)] v.意识到……risk [rɪsk] n.风险corruption to data [kə’rʌpʃn] n. 数据失真application [ˌæplɪ’keɪʃn] n. 应用consult [kən’sʌlt] v. 参考，参阅professional [prə'feʃənl] adj. 专业的detail ['diːteɪl] adj.n.详细的详细信息possibility [ˌpɒsə'bɪləti]corrupt [kə’rʌpt]v. （数据）失真transmission [træns’mɪʃn] n.传输convert [kən’vɜːt]v.转换responsibility [rɪˌspɒnsə'bɪləti] n. 责任software format 软件格式modification [ˌmɒdɪfɪ’keɪʃn] n.修改authorized adj. 经授权的unauthorized adj. 未经授权的cable [‘keɪbl] n. 链（长度单位）1链=0.1海里bearing [‘beərɪŋ]n. 方位order [‘ɔːdə®] n. 顺序immediately [ɪ'miːdiətli] adv. 立即discovery [dɪ'skʌvəri] n. 发现copy ['kɒpi] n. 一本（书），复印件temporary ['temprəri] adj. 临时性的preliminary [prɪ'lɪmɪnəri] adj. 预告性的indicate ['ɪndɪkeɪt] v. 表明file [faɪl] v. （资料）归档assist [ə'sɪst] v. 协助，帮助monthly ['mʌnθli]adj. 月度的annual ['ænjuəl] adj. 年度的annually ['ænjuəli] adv. 年度地adjacent [ə'dʒeɪsnt] adj. 与……相邻的originalinformation[ə'rɪdʒənl] n. 原始信息limitation [ˌlɪmɪ'teɪʃn] n.局限性promulgation [ˌprɒml'ɡeɪʃn]n.发布，出版promulgate ['prɒmlɡeɪt]v. 发布，出版selection [sɪ'lekʃn] n.选择significant [sɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt] adj. 重要的navigationally significant information 航行上的重要信息具有航行意义的信息item ['aɪtəm] 事项items of immediate importance 紧迫的重要事项extract [ik'strækt] v. 节选relevant ['reləvənt] n. 相关的prosecution [ˌprɒsɪ'kjuːʃn] n.起诉indiscriminate [ˌɪndɪ'skrɪmɪnət] adj. 不加选择的，随便的lie [laɪ] v. 位于……subsequent ['sʌbsɪkwənt] adj. 后来的，后续的quote [kwəʊt] v. 引用，采用cancel ['kænsl] v. 取消fire ['faɪə(r)] v. 射击live weapon firing n. 实弹射击patrol [pə'trəʊl] n. 巡逻request [rɪ'kwest] v. 要求vacate this area [və'keɪt] v. 撤离本地区instruction [ɪn'strʌkʃn] n. 指示，要求asterisk ['æstərɪsk] n. 星号，※column ['kɒləm] n. （表格的）栏Useful Expressionsenable somebody to do something 使某人可以做某事on a daily basis 每天make every effort to do something 尽一切努力做某事be aware of…（短语）be aware that…（从句）意识到……exercise one’s professional judgment 做出专业的判断adjacent to 毗邻，在……附近be borne in mind, 主动语态为bear…in mind谨记，铭记in the vicinity of 在……附近Lesson 4 Other Nautical PublicationsWords and TermsAdmiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals 英版灯标雾号表geographically [ˌdʒiːə'ɡræfɪkli]adv. 地理上地previous ['priːviəs] adj. 之前的，前面的annually ['ænjuəli] adv. 年度地，每年drilling platform n. 钻井平台prefix ['priːfɪks] v. 以……为前缀resolution [ˌrezə'luːʃn] n. 决议Admiralty List of Radio Signals 英版无线电信号表Maritime Radio Communications 海上无线电通信pilotage ['paɪlətɪdʒ]n. 引航业务/服务Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) 船舶交管服务port contact information 港口联系方式Admiralty Tide Tables 英版潮汐表prediction [prɪ'dɪkʃn] n.预报，预测tide [taɪd] n. 潮汐current ['kʌrənt] n. （洋）流time of high waters n.高潮的潮时heights of low waters n.低潮的潮高standard port n.主港secondary port n.副港difference ['dɪfrəns] n. 差值，差异harmonic [hɑː'mɒnɪk]adj. 调和的constant ['kɒnstənt] n. 常数harmonic constant n. 调和常数simplified ['sɪmplɪfaɪd] adj. 简化的，简易的Ocean Passage for the World n. 世界大洋航路route [ruːt]n. 航路，航线principal ['prɪnsəpəl] adj. 主要的ice hazards n. 冰情危险物link [lɪŋk]v. 与……相关联Load Line Rules n. 载重线规则Weather Routeing (Service) 气象定线（服务）recommend [ˌrekə'mend] v. 推荐supplement ['sʌplɪmənt] n. 补编await [ə'weɪt] v. 等待Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices toMariners航海通告年度摘要Mariner’s Handbook海员手册printed publication [r'rɪntɪd] [ˌpʌblɪ'keɪʃn] n. 纸质图书资料digital publication ['dɪdʒɪtl] [ˌpʌblɪ'keɪʃn] n. 电子图书资料IALA=International Association of LighthouseAuthorities国际航标协会IMO=International Maritime Organization 世界海事组织purchase ['pɜːtʃəs]v. 购买up-to-date adj. 最新的presentation [ˌprezn'teɪʃn] n. （呈现的）内容professional [prə'feʃənl] adj. 专业的merchant vessel ['mɜːtʃənt] n. 商船naval vessel ['neɪvl] n. 军舰latitude ['lætɪtjuːd]n. 纬度longitude ['lɒŋɡɪtjuːd]n. 经度altitude ['æltɪtjuːd]n. 高度characteristic [ˌkærəktə'rɪstɪk] n. 灯质elevation [ˌelɪ'veɪʃn] n. 高程，灯高range [reɪndʒ] n. 射程remark [rɪ'mɑːk]n. 备注，说明column ['kɒləm] n. （表格的）栏capital ['kæpɪtl] n. 大写（字体）bold type [bəʊld] n. 粗体roman type ['rəʊmən] n. 罗马体，正体italic [ɪ'tælɪk] adj. 斜体approximate [ə'prɒksɪmət] adj. 大致的specify ['spesɪfaɪ] v. 明确，详细说明specific [spə'sɪfɪk] adj. 具体的，明确的light beacon v. 灯标adjust [ə'dʒʌst] v. 调整reflect [rɪ'flekt] v. 反映，反射considerable [kən'sɪdərəbl adj. 大量的，可观的substantial [səb'stænʃl] adj. 实质性的exclude [ɪk'skluːd]v. 排除，不包括wear [weə(r)] n. 磨损tear [teə(r)] n. 损耗alternative [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv] adj. 二选一的nautical ['nɔːtɪkl] adj. 航海的alphabetically [ˌælfə'betɪkli] adv. 按照字母顺序地precise [prɪ'saɪs] adj. 精确的Useful Expressionsbe ascribed to... 将……归类于……wear and tear 正常磨损in accordance with…根据……in place of…取代……in the form of 以……的形式link with…与……相关联regardless of…不管……，不顾……with the aid of…借助于……be identical to…与……相同Unit 2 Nautical InstrumentsLesson 1 RADAR and ARPAWords and Termsmarine [mə'riːn]adj. 海上的marine radar n.船用雷达measure ['meʒə(r)] v.测量collision [kə'lɪʒn] n.碰撞navigate ['nævɪɡeɪt] n. 导航fix position v. 定位shore [ʃɔː(r)]n. 岸边，岸上reference ['refrəns] n. 参照物fixed reference n. 固定参照物island ['aɪlənd] n. 岛屿buoy [bɔɪ] n. 浮标lightship ['laɪtʃɪp] n. 灯船monitor ['mɒnɪtə(r)] v. 监控regulate ['reɡjuleɪt]v. 调节，使……规范maintain [meɪn'teɪn] v. 保持proper ['prɒpə(r)] adj. 合适的，正规的lookout ['lʊkaʊt] n. 瞭望瞭望人员obtain [əb'teɪn] v. 获取risk of collision n. 碰撞危险radar plotting n. 雷达标绘ARPA=Automatic Radar Plotting Aids n. 自动雷达标绘仪CPA=Closest Point of Approach n. 最近会遇距离TCPA=Time to CPA n. 最近会遇时间vicinity [və'sɪnəti] n. 附近contrast ['kɒntrɑːst]n. 对比度gain [ɡeɪn]n. 增益tuning ['tjuːnɪŋ]n. 调谐acronym ['ækrənɪm] n. （首字母的）缩写transmitter [træns'mɪtə(r)] n. 发射机pulse [pʌls] n. 脉冲receiver [rɪ'siːvə(r)] n. 接收机echo ['ekəʊ] n. 回波signal ['sɪɡnəl] n. 信号rotation [rəʊ'teɪʃn] n. 旋转display [dɪ'spleɪ] n.v.显示器，显示显示target ['tɑːɡɪt]n. 物标antenna [æn'tenə] n. 天线scan [skæn] v. 扫描access ['ækses] n. 入口sensitivity [ˌsensə'tɪvəti] n. 灵敏度clutter ['klʌtə(r)] n.v.杂波出现杂波eliminate [ɪ'lɪmɪneɪt] v. 减少range [reɪndʒ] n. 量程anti-sea clutter n. 海浪抑制minimum ['mɪnɪməm] n. 最小量periodically [ˌpɪəri'ɒdɪkli] adv. 周期性地anti rain clutter n. 雨雪抑制EBL=electronic bearing line 电子方位线VRM=variable range markers n. 可变距离标尺PPI=plan position indicator n. 平面位置显示器PAD=predicted area of danger n. 预测危险区conventional [kən'venʃənl] n. 传统的beam [biːm]n. 波束beam width [wɪdθ]n. 波束宽度course up n. 航向向上heading up n. 艏向上north up n. 北向上standby ['stændbaɪ] n.v.准备状态准备true course n. 真航向true motion display n. 真运动显示模式true speed n. 真航速speed over the ground n.对地航速speed through the water n.对水航速course made good n. 航迹向Useful Expressionsclear up 清除bounce back 反弹回来be referred to as…称作……be relative to…相对于……reflect back 反射回来rely on…依赖，取决于……Lesson 2 Magnetic Compass and Gyro Compass Words and Termsradically ['rædɪkli] adv. 本质上的，完全地compass ['kʌmpəs] n.罗经magnetic compass n.磁罗经magnet ['mæɡnət]n.磁铁，磁体interact [ˌɪntər'ækt] v. 相互作用magnetic field n. 磁场magnetic pole n. 磁极gyrocompass ['dʒaɪərəʊˌkʌmpəs] n. 陀螺罗经，电罗经true north n. 真北advantage [əd'vɑːntɪdʒ]n. 优点magnetic north n. 磁北metal ['metl] n. 金属backup ['bækʌp] n. 备用品，替补simplicity [sɪm'plɪsəti] n. 简单reliability [rɪˌlaɪə'bɪləti] n. 可靠grounding ['ɡraʊndɪŋ]n. 搁浅compass bowl n. 罗盆binnacle ['bɪnəkl] n. 支架binnacle stand n. 罗经柜gimbal ['dʒɪmbəl] n. 常平环cardinal points ['kɑːdɪnl]n. 基点intercardinal points n. 隅点magnetism ['mæɡnətɪzəm]n. 磁性diminish [dɪ'mɪnɪʃ] v. 消失ageing ['eɪdʒɪŋ]n. 老化quadrantal [k'wɒdrəntl] adj. 象限的quadrantal[ˌdiːvi'eɪʃn] n. 象限自差deviationheeling ['hiːlɪŋ]adj. 倾斜的heeling error n. 倾斜自差（误差）flinders bar n. 佛氏铁geographic [ˌdʒiːə'ɡræfɪk]adj 地理上的variation [ˌveəri'eɪʃn] n. 磁差deviation [ˌdiːvi'eɪʃn] n. 自差rotate [rəʊ'teɪt] v. 旋转lubber line ['lʌbə] n. 罗盘准线permanent magnet ['pɜːmənənt] n. 永磁磁体ferromagnetic [ˌferəʊmæɡ'netɪk]adj. 铁磁的compensate ['kɒmpenseɪt] v. 补偿，纠正landmark ['lændmɑːk]n. 陆标sensitive ['sensətɪv] adj. 灵敏的oscillate ['ɒsɪleɪt] v. 震荡gyroscope ['dʒaɪrəskəʊp] n. 陀螺仪azimuth ['æzɪməθ]n. 方位角echo sounder ['ekəʊ] ['saʊndə] n. 回声测深仪fathometer [fæ'ðɒmɪtə] n. 回声测深仪scientific [ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪk] adj. 科学的device [dɪ'vaɪs] n. 设备，仪器complex ['kɒmpleks] adj. 复杂的accurate ['ækjərət] adj. 准确的rely [rɪ'laɪ] v. 依靠principle [p'rɪnsəpl] n. 原理emit [ɪ'mɪt] v. 发出，发射salinity [sə'lɪnəti] n. 盐度temperature ['temprətʃə(r)] n. 温度interfere [ˌɪntə'fɪə(r)] v. 干扰iceberg ['aɪsbɜːɡ]n. 冰山potential [pə'tenʃl] adj. 潜在的alert [ə'lɜːt]adj. 警惕的shipwreck ['ʃɪprek] n. 沉船log [lɒg] n. 计程仪knot['nɒt] n.n.v.节（航速单位）绳结打绳结backup compass n. 备用罗经compass deviation table n. 磁罗经自查表induced magnetism n. 感应磁性permanent magnetism n. 永磁性isogonic lines n. 等磁差线magnetic dip n. 磁倾角magnetic equator [ɪ'kweɪtə(r)] n. 磁赤道sensitive element n. 灵敏件sensor ['sensə(r)]n. 传感器mastergyrocompassn. 主罗经repeater [rɪ'piːtə(r)] n. 分罗经Useful Expressionsinteract with…与……相互作用as opposed to…不同于……be composed of…由……构成be aligned with…与……成一条直线listen for (the signal) 接收（信号）interfere with 干扰Lesson 3 Other Navigational InstrumentsWords and TermsGlobal Positioning System(GPS) n. 全球定位系统space [speɪs] n. 太空global navigation satellite system n. 全球卫星导航系统line of sight n. 视线military ['mɪlətri] adj. 军用的civil ['sɪvl] adj. 民用的commercial [kə'mɜːʃl] adj. 商用的Automatic Identification System(AIS) n. 船舶自动识别系统identify [aɪ'dentɪfaɪ] v. 识别locate [ləʊ'keɪt] v. 查找……的位置unique [ju'niːk]adj. 独一无二的identification [aɪˌdentɪfɪ'keɪʃn] n. 识别position [pə'zɪʃn] n. 船位course [kɔːs]n. 航向integrate ['ɪntɪɡreɪt] v. 将……整合成一个整体consist [kən'sɪst] v. 包含major ['meɪdʒə(r)] adj. 主要的segment ['seɡmənt]部分space segment n. （GPS的）空间部分control segment n. （GPS的）控制部分user segment （GPS的）用户部分latitude ['lætɪtjuːd]n. 纬度longitude ['lɒŋɡɪtjuːd]n. 经度altitude ['æltɪtjuːd]n. 高度orbit ['ɔːbɪt] n. （卫星的）轨道sidereal day [saɪ'dɪəriəl] n. 恒星日differential [ˌdɪfə'renʃl] adj. 有差别的，差异的Differential GPS (DGPS) n. 差分GPS maximum adj. 最大的accuracy n. 准确性transponder [træns'pɒndə(r)] n. 应答器mode [məʊd] n. 模式integrate ['ɪntɪɡreɪt] v. 将……整合成一个整体integrated bridge system n. 综合驾驶台系统consequence ['kɒnsɪkwəns] n. 后果，结果distinction [dɪ'stɪŋkʃn] n. 区别replace [rɪ'pleɪs] v. 取代limitation [ˌlɪmɪ'teɪʃn] n. 局限性master control station n. 主控站alternate controlstation['ɔːltɜːnət] n. 备用控制站Precise Positioning Service 精准定位服务（military）Standard Positioning Service 标准定位服务（civil）the Reference Station n. 参考台站coordinate [kəʊ'ɔːdɪneɪt] n. 坐标real-time adj. 实时地coverage ['kʌvərɪdʒ] n. （涵盖的）范围investigate [ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt] v. 调查degrade [dɪ'ɡreɪd]v. 降级，下降announcement [ə'naʊnsmənt] n. 通告，通知Useful Expressionsin all weather 全天候地with respect to…关于……comply with 遵守apply to…（规则等）适应于……apart from 此外Unit 3 Marine MeteorologyLesson 1 Weather and Meteorological Element Words and Termsmeteorology [ˌmiːtiə'rɒlədʒi] n. 气象学meteorological [ˌmiːtiərə'lɒdʒɪkl] n.气象的element ['elɪmənt] n.因素，要素atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə(r)] n.大气层climate ['klaɪmət] n.气候precipitation [prɪˌsɪpɪ'teɪʃn] n. 降水humidity [hjuː'mɪdəti] n.湿度temperature ['temprətʃə(r)] n.温度pressure ['preʃə(r)] n.气压cloudiness ['klaʊdinəs] n.云heat [hiːt]n.热量moisture ['mɔɪstʃə(r)] n.潮气observe [əb'zɜːv]v. 观测predict [prɪ'dɪkt] v. 预报，预测cause [kɔːz]v. 导致essential [ɪ'senʃl] adj. 本质的，核心的forecast ['fɔːkɑːst]n.v.预报预报weather forecast n. 天气预报high pressure ['preʃə(r)] n.高压low pressure n.低压pressure gradient ['ɡreɪdiənt]n.气压梯度northern hemisphere n.北半球southern hemisphere ['hemɪsfɪə(r)] n.南半球jet stream n.射流prediction [prɪ'dɪkʃn] n.预报imminent ['ɪmɪnənt] adj. 紧急的（自发布天气预报起6小时之内）soon [suːn]adj. 不久（自发布天气预报6小时后至12小时前）later ['leɪtə(r)] adj. 以后（自发布天气预报12小时后）backing ['bækɪŋ]n. （风向）逆时针变化anticlockwise [ˌænti'klɒkwaɪz] adj. 逆时针的cyclonic [saɪ'klɒnɪk] n. （风向）气旋性切变veering ['vɪərɪŋ]n. （风向）顺时针变化clockwise ['klɒkwaɪz] adj. 顺时针的sea [siː]n.海浪swell [swel] n.涌浪tsunami [tsuː'nɑːmi]n.海啸length of a wave n.波长horizontal [ˌhɒrɪ'zɒntl] adj. 水平的crest [krest] n.波峰trough [trɒf] n.波谷height of a wave n.波高vertical ['vɜːtɪkl] adj.垂直的period of a wave n.（波的）周期successive [sək'sesɪv] adj.连续的velocity [və'lɒsəti] n.速度atmosphericpressure[ˌætməs'ferɪk] n.大气压vapour ['veɪpə(r)] n.蒸汽，水汽moisture ['mɔɪstʃə(r)] n.水分，水汽saturation [ˌsætʃə'reɪʃn] n.饱和relative humidity [hjuː'mɪdəti] n.相对湿度cool [kuːl]v.冷却dew point [djuː]n. 露点（温度）condense [kən'dens] v.冷凝droplet [d'rɒplet] n.水滴ice crystals [k'rɪstlz] n.冰晶visibility [ˌvɪzə'bɪləti] n.能见度sleet [sliːt]n.雨夹雪hail [heɪl] n.冰雹blizzard ['blɪzəd] n.暴风雪snowstorm ['snəʊstɔːm]n.暴雪drizzle ['drɪzl] n.毛毛雨shower ['ʃaʊə(r)] n.阵雨mist [mɪst] n.薄雾haze [heɪz] n.霾fog [fɒɡ] n.雾arctic sea smoke n.北冰洋烟雾gravitational pull n.（地球）引力semi-diurnal tide n.半日潮diurnal tide [daɪ'ɜːnl]n.全日潮mixed tide [mɪkst] n.混合潮spring tide n.大潮neap tide n.小潮slack tide n.平潮thermometer [θə'mɒmɪtə(r)] n.温度计sling [slɪŋ]n. 吊索，吊货索sling psychomotor [ˌsaɪkəʊ'məʊtə] n.悬挂式湿度计barometer [bə'rɒmɪtə(r)] n.气压计aneroid barometer ['ænərɔɪd] n.空盒气压计wind vane [veɪn] n.风向标anemometer [ˌænɪ'mɒmɪtə(r)] n.风速计equator [ɪ'kweɪtə(r)] n.赤道storm [stɔːm]n.风暴tropical storm ['trɒpɪkl] n.热带风暴severe tropical storm [sɪ'vɪə(r)] n.强热带风暴hurricane ['hʌrikənz] n.飓风typhoon [taɪ'fuːnz]n.台风eye [aɪ] n.风眼，风暴中心excess [ɪk'ses] v.超过exceptionally [ɪk'sepʃənəli] adv.异常地，例外地isobar ['aɪsəbɑː(r)]n.等压线Beaufort scale n.蒲福氏风级表gale [ɡeɪl]n.大风calm [kɑːm]adj.无风的无浪的smooth [smuːð]adj.平滑的moderate [‘mɒdərət] adj.适度的rough [rʌf] adj.粗野的cirrus [‘sɪrəs] n.卷云cirro-cumulus n.卷积云cirro-stratus n.卷层云alto-cumulus n.高积云alto-stratus n.高层云nimbo-stratus n.雨层云strato-cumulus n.层积云stratus [‘streɪtəs] n.层云cumulus [‘kjuːmjələs] n.积云cumulo-nimbus n.积雨云cold front n.冷锋warm front n.暖锋doldrums [‘dɒldrəmz] n.赤道无风带horse latitude n.副热带无风带temperate zone n.温带ridge [rɪdʒ] n.高压脊complex low n.多中心低压tropical cyclone n.热带气旋semicircle [‘semisɜːkl]n.半圆dangerous semicircle n.危险半圆navigable semicircle n.可航半圆thunder [‘θʌndə] n.雷暴waterspout [‘wɔːtəspaʊt] n.水龙卷trade wind n.信风sea breeze [briːz]n.海风land breeze n.陆风monsoon [ˌmɒn'suːn]n.季风twilight ['twaɪlaɪt] n.晨昏蒙影时期radiation fog [ˌreɪdi'eɪʃn] n.辐射雾advection fog [æd'vekʃən] n. 平流雾frontal fog ['frʌntl] n. 锋面雾Useful Expressionscarry out 开展，执行be parallel to…与……平行in a …manner 以……的方式be associated with…与……相关as a result of…因为……by means of…通过……的方式，假以……的方法in most cases 大部分情况in no case 绝不，无论如何都不together with 连同……Lesson 2 Weather ReportsWords and TermsNAVTEX n. 航行电传warning ['wɔːnɪŋ]n.警告synopsis [sɪ'nɒpsɪs] n.大势分析synopses [sɪ'nɒpsiːz]n.大势分析（复数）heading ['hedɪŋ]n. 标题cyclone ['saɪkləʊn]n. 气旋anticyclone [ˌænti'saɪkləʊn]n. 反气旋depression [dɪ'preʃn] n. 低压front [frʌnt] n. 锋forecast ['fɔːkɑːst]n.v.预报预报state of sea n. 海况radius ['reɪdiəs] n.半径ridge [rɪdʒ] n.高压脊trough [trɒf] n.低压槽upgrade [ˌʌp'ɡreɪd]v. 升级valid ['vælɪd] adj. 有效的easterly (ely) ['iːstəli] adj. 偏东的westerly (wly) ['westəli] adj.偏西的northerly (nly) ['nɔːðəli] adj.偏北的southerly (sly) ['sʌðəli] adj.偏南的kilometer (km) ['kɪləˌmiːtə] n.千米knot (kt) [nɒt] n.(航速)节hectopascal (HPA) ['hektəʊpɑːskl]n.百帕warm front n.暖锋cold front n.冷锋occlusion front n.锢囚锋GMT=Greenwich Mean Time n.格里尼治时间（世界时）Zulu time n.世界时UTC=Universal Time Coordinated n.世界协调时Unit 4 Ship HandlingLesson 1 Ship’s ManoeuvrabilityWords and Termsship handling ['hændlɪŋ]n. 船舶操纵maneuver [mə'nuːvə] v. 操纵navigate ['nævɪɡeɪt] v.驾驶proceed [prə'siːd]v.续航，前进approach [ə'prəʊtʃ] v.驶近，靠近manoeuvrability [mə'nuːvərəbiliti] n. 操纵性能permissible [pə'mɪsəbl] adj. 可允许的，许可的peak [piːk]n. 峰值，顶峰execute ['eksɪkjuːt]v. 执行turning ability n.旋回性能hard-over rudder ['rʌdə(r)] n.满舵advance [əd’vɑːns]n.进距diameter [daɪ'æmɪtə(r)] n.直径radius ['reɪdiəs] n.半径tactical diameter ['tæktɪkl] n.旋回初径transfer [træns’fɜː®]n.横距drift [drɪft] v.n.漂移，漂流漂移，漂流angle [‘æŋɡl]n.角度drift angle n.漂角yaw [jɔː]n.艏摇roll angle n.横摇角yaw checking ability n.偏转抑制能力initial turning ability n.初始转向能力stopping distance n.停车距离track reach n.制动行程head reach n.制动纵距crash stop n.紧急停车turning circle n.旋回圈lateral [‘lætərəl] adj.侧面的parameter [pə’ræmɪtə®] n.参数gravity [‘ɡrævəti]n.重力perpendicular [ˌpɜːpən’dɪkjələ®] adj.垂直的parallel ['pærəlel] adj.平行的evaluate [ɪ’væljueɪt] v.评估propulsion [prə’pʌlʃn] n.推进（力）characteristics [ˌkærɪktə’rɪstɪk] n.性能，特征demonstrate [‘demənstreɪt] v.证明，证实try [traɪ] v.测试，测验trial ['traɪəl] n.测试，测验substandard [ˌsʌb'stændəd] adj.不达标的，标准以下的zig-zag test n. 之字形测试criteria [kraɪ'tɪəriə] n. 标准dynamic [daɪ'næmɪk] adj. 动态的Anderson turn n. 安德逊旋回Scharnow turn n.斯恰诺旋回Williamson turn n.威廉逊旋回single turn n.单旋回double turn n.双旋回man overboard n.有人落水kick the engine v. 冲车stand by engine v. 备车ring off engine v. 主机定速finished with engine adj. 完车stop engine v. 停车racing ['reɪsɪŋ]n.螺旋桨空转following sea n. 顺浪Useful Expressionsapart from 除此之外in terms of 从……角度而言in no case 绝不，无论如何不fall into the category 归类，归……类别parallel to…平行于……perpendicular to…垂直于……Lesson 2 Berthing and Anchoring Operations Words and Termsengine ['endʒɪn] n. 车，主机helm [helm] n.舵rudder n.舵叶wheel n.舵轮steering gear n.舵机quay [kiː]n.码头wharf [wɔːf]n.码头pier [pɪə(r)] n.码头，栈桥terminal n.码头moor [mʊə] v. 系泊anchor ['æŋkə] v.n.锚泊锚rope-runners n. 缆工transverse ['trænzvɜːs]adj. 横向的axial ['æksiəl] adj. 轴向的thrust [θrʌst] v.n.推进推进力tug [tʌɡ] n. 拖轮single up v. 单绑goggles ['ɡɒɡlz]n.护目镜hawse pipe n.锚链孔spurling pipe n.锚链管devil’s claw n.锚链制compressor bar n.制链器螺杆shackle ['ʃækl] n.卸扣berth n.v.泊位将船舶驶入泊位telegraph orders n. 车令order ['ɔːdə(r)] n. 口令，命令reply [rɪ'plaɪ] v. 复诵report [rɪ'pɔːt]v. 报告Dead slow ahead 微速前进Slow ahead 前进一Half ahead 前进二Full ahead 前进三Dead slow astern 微速后退Slow astern 后退一Half astern 后退二Full astern 后退三Wheel Orders n. 舵令port five 左舵五starboard ten 右舵十Hard a port 左满舵hard a starboard 右满舵Midships 正舵Ease helm 回舵Steady ['stedi] 把定Nothing to不要偏左/右port(starboard)Finished with完舵wheelAnchoring Orders n. 锚令heave away v. 起锚let go(port/starboard)anchor v. 抛（左/右）锚Hold on v. 刹住Anchor aweigh [ə'weɪ] adj. 锚离底Anchor clear [klɪə(r)] adj. 锚清爽Chain tight [taɪt] adj. 锚吃力Anchor brought up [brɔːt] [ʌp] adj. 锚抓底Anchor fouling ['faʊlɪŋ]adj. 锚绞缠drag [dræɡ]v. 走锚dredge [dredʒ] v. 拖锚Mooring andn. 缆令Unmooring OrdersSingle up v. 单绑let go v. 松开（缆绳）Make up v. 挽牢（缆绳）Useful Expressionshave knowledge of…知道take…into consideration 将……考虑在内at … angle 以……的角度Unit 5 International Regulations for PreventingCollisions at Sea, 1972Words and Termscraft [krɑːft]n. 艇筏displacement [dɪs'pleɪsmənt] n.排水WIG craft n.地效翼船seaplane ['siːpleɪn] n.水上飞机means [miːnz]n.方式transportation [ˌtrænspɔː'teɪʃn] n.运输power-driven vessel n.机动船machinery [mə'ʃiːnəri] n.机械，机器sailing vessel n.帆船vessel engaged in fishing n.从事捕鱼的船舶trawl [trɔːl]v. 拖网（捕鱼）apparatus [ˌæpə'reɪtəs] n. 设备restrict restrict v, 限制trolling lines n.曳绳吊vessel not under command n.失控船circumstance ['sɜːkəmstəns] n.情况vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre n.操纵能力受到限制的船舶，操限船navigation mark n.航标submarine cable n.海底电缆pipeline ['paɪplaɪn] n. 管线，管道dredge ['dredʒ] v. 疏浚，挖泥survey ['sɜːveɪ] v.n.测量，勘测测量，勘测replenishment [rɪ'plenɪʃmənt] n. 补给transfer [træns'fɜː]v.provisions [prə'vɪʒnz] n. 食品，供给cargo ['kɑːɡəʊ]n. 货物goods n. 货物launch [lɔːntʃ] v. 发射recovery [rɪ'kʌvəri] n. 回收mine clearance operations n. 水雷清除作业deviate ['diːvieɪt] v. 偏离vessel constrained by her draught n. 限于吃水船draught [drɑːft]n. 吃水draft [drɑːft]n 吃水severely [sə'vɪrlɪ] adv. 严重地underway [ˌʌndə'weɪ] adj. 在航aground [ə'ɡraʊnd]adj. 搁浅visually ['vɪʒuəli] adv. 视觉地restricted visibility n. 能见度不良maintain [meɪn'teɪn] v. 保持proper look-out n. 正规瞭望sight [saɪt] n. 视觉hearing ['hɪərɪŋ]n. 听觉prevailing [prɪ'veɪlɪŋ]adj. 当前的appraisal [ə'preɪzl] v. 评判，判断proper ['prɒpə(r)] adj. 适当的，合适的effective [ɪ'fektɪv] adj. 有效的avoid [ə'vɔɪd] v. 避免。
Lesson 1 Nautical Publication
Southern Right or Franca Whales, a protected species, may be encountered off the S coast of Brazil. Be encountered 指的是“不期而遇”，如船舶遭 遇风浪或恶劣天气。 与meet 有本质上的区别 Species 意为“物种；类型” i.e A species of antelope 一种羚羊 An odd species of writer 古怪的作家
Usly checklist at Section 1B of the weekly edition, and the most recent of Cumulative List of Admiralty Notice to Mariner. Quarterly 季末的 Cumulative 累积的
Of the vast amount of information needed to keep charts up-to-date in every detail, only the most important items can be used to update the charts by Notice to Mariners. Amount of adj 大量的 Up-to-date adj 最新的，及时的 Update v 更新（动词） Updated adj 最新的，最近的。 如updated ETA/ETD Notice to Mariners 航海通告（缩写N/M） Be used to 被用来作为xxx
航海英语--航海图书资料和海图
航海图书资料和海图1）Admiralty Nautical Publications1)Catalogue of Admiralty charts and publications(NP131) (New format and content 2000 Edition)Directions for correcting this volumeAddendum 附录，补遗Arrangement of CatalogueAdmiralty Raster Chart Service 英版光栅海图On a regional basis 按地区（排列）Description of Admiralty charts and PublicationsStandard parallel 基准纬度The point of tangency 切点Correction of Charts and PublicationsAdmiralty Digital Notices to Mariners (ADNM) 英版数字光盘航海通告The ADNM service offers a faster delivery of chart correcting data, and gives users the ability to easily view or print the individual NMs and correction tracings. 英版数字光盘航海通告提供了改正海图数据的快速传递，并使用户能够方便地浏览或打印单个航海通告并改正海图。
Navigational ChartsGnomonic charts are published covering the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, except for an equatorial belt in each ocean.出版大圆海图覆盖大西洋，太平洋和印度洋（各大洋近赤道带水域除外）。
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Admiralty Notices to Mariners While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate, the user needs to be aware of the risks of corruption to data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that other applications should not be running on the user’s machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgment in the use of data and also consult the Mariners’Handbook (NP100) for further details.
Temporary and Preliminary Notices These are indicated by (T) or (P) after the notice number and are placed at the end of Section II. They are printed on one side of the paper in order that they may be cut up and filed. To assist in filing, the year is indicated after the notice number and an in-force list is published monthly. Information from these notices is not included on charts before issue; charts should be updated in pencil on receipt. Original Information A star (*)adjacent to the number of a notice indicates that the notice is based on original information.
Examples of Admiralty Notices To Mariners
Exercises Translation
11．使用者应该了解到数据在传送、显 示或打印在使用者的设备上、转换为其 他软件格式的时候很有可能出现损坏。 2．暂时性、预报性的通告会单面打印， 以便剪切和存档。 3．对于航海通告周刊所发布的具有紧迫 重要性的更新由无线电航行警告补充。 4．英版航海通告有选择性的发布重要信 息以避免用户负荷过重，这种情况有时 是必要的。 5. 通告号后面的年份和按月发布的生效 列表有助于归档。
Further Guidance The Mariner’s Handbook (NP100) gives a fuller explanation of the limitations of charts and details of the UKHO policy for the promulgation and selection of navigationally significant information for charts. Details of chart updating methods can be found in NP294, “How to Keep Your Admiralty Products Up-to-date”. All users are advised to study these publications. Updating Updating information is published by Weekly Notices to Mariners supplemented by radio warnings for
I Warming-up
1. What’s the role of Admiralty Notices to Mariners? 2. What are the contents of Admiralty Notices to Mariners?
Weekly Editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contain information which enables the mariner to keep charts and books published by the UKHO up– to–date for the latest reports received. The Notices are published in Weekly Editions, and are also issued by the UKHO on a daily basis to certain Admiralty Distributors. Weekly Editions can either be obtained from Admiralty Distributors, or by regularly dispatched surface or air mail. Admiralty Notices to Mariners are also available on the Internet, using the Admiralty Notices to Mariners On–Line (ANMO) service. There is also a searchable service which allows mariners to search for Notices by Admiralty Chart number. This service is available at .
The contents of Admiralty Notices to Mariners are as follows: I. Explanatory Notes. Publications List II. Admiralty Notices to Mariners. Updates to Standard Nautical Charts III. Reprints of Radio Navigational Warnings IV. Amendments to Admiralty Sailing Directions V. Amendments to Admiralty Lists of Lights and Fog Signals VI. Amendments to Admiralty List of Radio Signals (Extracts from THE MARINER’ HANDBOOK NP 100, NINTH EDITION 2009, P61-63; ADMIRALTY NOTICES TO MARINERS, Weekly Edition 42, 20 October 2011)
L3 NMs
Contents
Introductions to and Contents of Admiralty Notices to Mariners Information in the front cover of Weekly Edition. Cautions, Notes and Examples of NMs
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