初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)
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初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案)动词概述
表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类:
类别
实义/行为动
词
连系动词
助动词
及物动词
不及物动词
例句
Love, make
Go, rise
Be, look
Be, have, do, shall, will, did
使用特点
后跟宾语
后不跟宾语
后跟表语
本身没有词义,后跟动词原形
或分词,构成疑问句或否定句
等
本身有词义,后跟动词原形,
构成谓语情态动词
一、实义动词
Can, may, mist
■①及物动词与不及物动词
按照背面是不是带宾语,行动动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词。Vt. vi .
They study hard.
I know them well.
注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如:XXX.
She sang an English song just now.
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,____不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.
短语:
■②动态动词和静态动词
动态动词表示动作,如give, take, work, run等;静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等,如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate,dislike, like, love, surprise,
include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose,imagine, believe, doubt, admire, XXX等。
■③延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续,行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live,work, learn等是延续性动词,go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。
注:非连续性动词在一定句中平日不与透露表现工夫段连用的for短语连用。如:[译]他分开这里三天了。
[误]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days.
[正]He left here three days ago.
[正]It’s three days since he left.
■④限制动词与非限制动词
限制动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变革。非限制动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,也叫非谓语动词,没有人称和数的变革。
The room needs cleaning.
2、结合动词
系动词亦称连系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表
语(亦称补语),组成系表布局申明主语的状态、性子、特性等情形。系动词后不成接副词,接的是描述词。
Be:
He is a XXX.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)I am fine.
2、keep, rest, remain,stay,比方:
He always XXX.他开会时总保持沉默。
XXX.此事仍是一个谜。
3、表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear,look,例如:XXX be) very sad.
4、feel, smell, sound, taste,例如:
This kind of XXX、become, grow, turn, fall(asleep),get, go,come, run.
XXX、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out,表达"证实","变成"之意,XXX.(turn out表终止性结果)7.使役动词:let,have,make使,让…
Let /make XXX
XXX.
Make sb/sth adj.
The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.
Have XXX让某人做某事
Have sth done让某物被做
My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.
有些动词它们既能够用作实义动词,又能够用作结合动词。别的be还可用作助动词。它们的用法分歧,词义和句型布局也有所分歧。比方:
Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)
He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)
They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)
They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词,帮助构成现在进行时)
三、助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,例如:XXX.(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were),have(has, had, having),do(did,does).*do(does, did)的用法
(1)组成疑问句或否认句
(How) did you know ?He does not smoke.
(2)增强语气。