英文翻译译文
商务英语口语900句中英文对照中文翻译全文翻译
商务英语口语900句中英文对照中文翻译全文翻译Unit 1希望与要求Part 11. We’d like to express our desire to establish business relationship with you on the basis of quality， mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods 。
我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。
2 .In order to extend our export business to your country we wish to enter direct business relations with you.为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。
3。
Our hope is to establish mutually beneficial trading relations between us 。
希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利的贸易关系.4。
We looking forward to further extension of pleasant business relations。
我们期待进一步保持愉快的业务关系.5. It's our hope to continue with considerable business dealing with you。
我们的希望是和你们保持可观的生意往来。
6。
We look forward to receiving your quotation very soon。
我们期待尽快收到你们的报价单。
7。
I hope you see from the reduction that we are really doing our utmost。
我希望你能够看到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度的让价。
长干行英文翻译【唐】李白
感此伤妾心，坐愁红颜老。
译文：看到这种情景我很伤心，因而忧 愁容颜衰老。
which made me so sad that I lost my like.
早晚下三巴，预将书报家。
译文：无论什么时候你想下三巴回家， 请预先把家书捎给我。
Whenever you return through Sanba, send letters home in advance.
which was too thick to clean away. With falling leaves, autumn came early.
八月蝴蝶黄，双飞西园草。
译文：八月里，黄色的蝴碟飞舞，双双 飞到西园草地上。
In August yellow butterflies flew in pairs to the west garden，
长干行
— 李白
妾发初覆额，折花门前剧。
译文：我的头发刚刚盖过额头，在门前 折花做游戏。
When my hair came just below the forehead, I played in front of the gate, pulling flowers.
郎骑竹马来，绕床弄青梅。
译文：你骑着竹马过来，把弄着青梅， 绕着庭院中的井床相互追逐。
相迎不道远，直至长风沙。
译文：迎接你不怕道路遥远，一直走到 长风沙。
I never mind the distance for meeting you even if I will keep straight on to Changfeng Sha.
We both lived in Changan without any suspicion since childhood.
英语四级翻译预测题及参考译文
英语四级翻译预测题及参考译文英语四级翻译预测题：孙悟空请将下面这段话翻译成英文：孙悟空，也称为猴王(Monkey King)，是中国古典小说《西游记》(Journey to the West)中的一个主要角色。
在小说中，猴王从一块岩石中出生，通过道教髙人(Taoist master)的教授获得了超自然的力量。
他可以将自己变成七十二种不同的形象，还可以用筋斗云代步，一个筋斗(somersault)可以翻十万八千里。
孙悟空是中国文学历史最悠久的人物之一。
即使在今天他依然深受中国儿童的喜爱。
参考翻译:Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, is amain character in the classical Chinese novel Journeyto the West.In the novel, the Monkey King was bornout of a rock and acquired supernatural powersthrough instruction of Taoist master.He cantransform himself into seventy-two different ing clouds as a vehicle, he can travel108,000 miles with a single somersault.Sun Wukong is one of the most enduring Chineseliterary characters.He is deeply loved by the children in China even today.1.孙悟空，也称为猴王，是中国古典小说《西游记》中的一个主要角色:“也称为猴王”是主语补足语，可译为alsoknown as the Monkey King。
英文三字经全文翻译
三字经我家dad，dad [[dæd]]n. 爸爸；爹爹网络释义dad:Dma Acquisition Device脾气bad bad [[bæd]]n. 坏事；坏人adj. 坏的；严重的；劣质的adv. 很，非常；坏地；邪恶地网络释义bad:坏的| 双水杨酸双酚A酯(Bisphenol A Disalicyate) | 真棒让我sad。
sad [[sæd]]adj. 难过的；悲哀的，令人悲痛的；凄惨的，阴郁的（形容颜色）网络释义sad:季节性情绪失调(Seasonal Affective Disorder)有只cat，cat [[kæt]]n. 猫，猫科动物网络释义cat:计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation)非常fat，fat [[fæt]]n. 脂肪，肥肉adj. 肥的，胖的；油腻的；丰满的vt. 养肥；在中加入脂肪vi. 长肥网络释义FAT:文件分配表(File Allocation Table) | 脂肪| 档案配置表专吃rat。
rat [[ræt]]n. 鼠；卑鄙小人，叛徒vi. 捕鼠；背叛，告密网络释义RAT:远程访问木马(Remote Access Trojan) | 大鼠| 老鼠放下plate，plate [[pleɪt]]n. 碟；金属板；金属牌；感光底片vt. 电镀；给装甲网络释义plate:板块| 盘子| 平板赶到gate，gate [[geɪt]]n. 大门；出入口；门道vt. 给装大门网络释义gate:登机口| 大门| 浇口已经late。
late [[leɪt]]adj. 晚的；迟的；已故的；最近的adv. 晚；迟；最近；在晚期网络释义late:已故的| 晚的| 迟的清晨wake，wake [[weɪk]]n. 尾迹；守夜；守丧vt. 叫醒；激发vi. 醒来；唤醒；警觉网络释义wake:伴流| 航迹| 醒来来到lake，lake [[leɪk]]n. 湖；深红色颜料；胭脂红vt. （使）血球溶解vi. （使）血球溶解网络释义lake:湖泊| 胭脂红| 色淀钓上snake。
英语四级翻译练习题及译文（）
英语四级翻译练习题及译文（）2021 年英语四级翻译练习题及译文（6 篇）1.进入21 世纪，世界形势继续发生深刻变化，多极化与经济全球化在曲折中深入发展，科技进步突飞猛进，人类社会前进的步伐加快，新情况、新矛盾层出不穷。
维护世界和平、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同使命。
国际社会在探索与实践中，更加深刻地认识到，应该站在时代发展和人类进步的高度，以合作谋和平，以合作促发展，努力扩大各国利益的汇合点，寻求互利共赢。
中国的和平发展道路是一条在维护世界和平中发展自己，又以自身发展促进世界和平的道路;就是要以科学发展观为指导，实现全面，协调和可持续发展，努力构建社会主义和谐社会。
译文：Since entering the 21st century the world has continued to undergo profound changes. World particularization and economic globalization are developing in greater depth amid twists and turns. Science and technology are making rapid progress as human society advances at accelerated pace. New situations and new contradictions keep cropping up without letup. Maintaining world peace and promoting mon development remain the mission of all countries in the world. Thanks to its exploration and practice, the international munity has arrived at a deeper understanding that it must secure peace and promote development through cooperation in the interest of progressing times andhuman advancement and seek mutual benefits and win-win results by earnestly expanding the convergence of interests of all countries. China s peaceful development is a path of developing itself while maintaining world peace and promoting world peace with its own development. With the guideline of the concept of scientific development, China will achieve a prehensive, coordinated and sustainable development and build a harmonious socialist society. 2.尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。
外文翻译及中文译文
车床用于车外圆、端面和镗孔等加工的机床称作车床。
车削很少在其他种类的机床上进行，因为其他机床都不能像车床那样方便地进行车削加工。
由于车床除了用于车外圆还能用于镗孔、车端面、钻孔和铰孔，车床的多功能性可以使工件在一次定位安装中完成多种加工。
这就是在生产中普遍使用各种车床比其他种类的机床都要多的原因。
两千多年前就已经有了车床。
现代车床可以追溯到大约1797年，那时亨利•莫德斯利发明了一种具有把主轴和丝杆的车床。
这种车床可以控制工具的机械进给。
这位聪明的英国人还发明了一种把主轴和丝杆相连接的变速装置，这样就可以切削螺纹。
车床的主要部件：床身、主轴箱组件、尾架组件、拖板组、变速齿轮箱、丝杆和光杆。
床身是车床的基础件。
它通常是由经过充分正火或时效处理的灰铸铁或者球墨铸铁制成，它是一个坚固的刚性框架，所有其他主要部件都安装在床身上。
通常在球墨铸铁制成，它是一个坚固的刚性框架，所有其他主要部件都安装在床身上。
通常在床身上面有内外两组平行的导轨。
一些制造厂生产的四个导轨都采用倒“V”，而另一些制造厂则将倒“V”形导轨和平面导轨结合。
由于其他的部件要安装在导轨上并（或）在导轨上移动，导轨要经过精密加工，以保证其装配精度。
同样地，在操作中应该小心，以避免损伤导轨。
导轨上的任何误差，常常会使整个机床的精度遭到破坏。
大多数现代车床的导轨要进行表面淬火处理。
以减少磨损和擦伤，具有更大的耐磨性。
主轴箱安装在床身一端内导轨的固定位置上。
它提供动力。
使工件在各种速度下旋转。
它基本上由一个安装在精密轴承中的空心轴和一系列变速齿轮---类似于卡车变速箱所组成，通过变速齿轮，主轴可以在许多中转速的旋转。
大多数车床有8～18中转速，一般按等比级数排列。
在现代车床上只需扳动2～4个手柄，就能得到全部挡位的转速。
目前发展的趋势是通过电气的或机械的装置进行无级变速。
由于车床的精度在很大程度上取决于主轴，因此主轴的结构尺寸较大，通常安装在紧密配合的重型圆锤滚子轴承或球轴承中。
《口译教程》汉英翻译参考译文
Lesson 11.3 美国副总统复旦演讲韩市长，非常感谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。
今天我们很高兴来到这里。
我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。
感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。
我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。
我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。
我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。
我祝贺在座各位学业有成。
对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。
1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton UniversityLadies and Gentlemen,Good evening.I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people,Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton,“At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal incommon in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：下午好！欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢！”公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄傲，他们发展了工厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。
大学英语六级翻译专练题附参考译文
大学英语六级翻译专练题附参考译文请将下面这段话翻译成英文：空气质量不仅关乎人类的生存质量，而且也影响着地球上其他的生物。
因此我们要自觉保护环境，不断改善空气质量，努力提高人类生活水平。
随着工业及交通运输业的不断发展，大量的有害物质被排放到空气中，使人们的健康受到威胁。
因此，防治大气污染、控制污染排放就显得尤为重要。
植物能过滤掉filter out各种大气污染物和净化空气，森林尤为显著，所以绿化造林afforestation是防治大气污染的比较经济有效的措施。
Air quality not only matters to the living quality of mankind,but also influences other lives on the earth.Therefore, we should consciously protect the environment, keep improving the air quality and raise the living standard of mankind.With the continuous development of industry and transportation, plenty of harmful substances have been released to the air,which threats residents，health.Therefore, it is especially important to prevent and deal with air pollution and to control the release of pollutants.Plants，especially woods，can filter air pollutants out and purify the air.So afforestation is a comparatively cost-effective measure to prevent and deal with air pollution.1.自觉保护环境:可译为consciously protect the environment。
仁爱英语七年级下册课文英汉翻译译文(完整版)
仁爱英语七年级下册课文英汉翻译译文(完整版)XXX和XXX在商场里购物。
）XXX：这件衬衫看起来不错，你觉得怎么样？XXX：我喜欢它的颜色，但是我觉得它有点贵。
XXX：是的，确实有点贵。
那这件毛衣呢？XXX：我觉得它很舒服，但是我不喜欢它的颜色。
XXX：好吧，那我们继续逛吧。
也许我们能找到更好的。
XXX：好的，让我们去看看那边的衣服。
这两个栏目非常有趣和有用。
我也喜欢阅读学校里其他同学的文章和报道。
但是，我认为我们的校报还有一些需要改进的地方。
例如，有些文章的内容和语法有点混乱，需要更好的编辑和校对。
另外，我希望校报能够增加一些关于艺术和文化方面的报道，这样可以让我们更全面地了解世界。
总之，我认为《校园时代》是一个非常好的校报，但是还有一些需要改进的地方。
谢谢您的耐心阅读。
祝好。
XXX非常有趣！我最喜欢的栏目是“今日科学”，因为它能帮我学到很多东西。
我认为我们的校报非常精彩，感谢你们的辛勤工作！XXX我通常在晚饭后做作业。
研究英语时，我从不听英语唱片，但有时会借助字典研究新单词。
我一直在努力研究英语语法，但下课后很少说英语。
我意识到我应该多说英语。
每周我会读一些英语故事，每天都会写一些新的句子。
欢迎来到我的新家，XXX！谢谢，XXX。
你的花园真漂亮。
谢谢。
我非常喜欢我的新家。
你的卧室在哪里？在二楼，我的卧室隔壁有一间书房。
书房里有什么？有一个沙发、一张书桌、一些书等等。
太棒了！我喜欢书。
那我们上楼去看看吧。
XXX和XXX一边上楼一边讨论书房。
）你的书房里有英语书吗？有很多英语书。
书房里有电脑吗？有一台电脑。
太好了！我们可以通过电脑研究。
你的书桌上有什么？我的电脑在书桌上，书桌上还有一些书和一盏台灯。
书桌上有钟表吗？没有，但墙上全家福旁边有一个。
沙发在书桌旁边。
这是我的家。
在院子中央有一个小花园，花园里有许多美丽的花，但没有一棵树。
在院子后面有一栋漂亮的房子，房子里有三个卧室、一个大客厅和一个书房。
2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文)
2015年汉译英综合练习1. 她就是这样风里来，雨里去，成年累月地工作着。
This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round.2.西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。
The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.3.但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。
But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it.4.一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。
From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side.5.袭人道：“一百年还记得呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。
”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!” said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.”6.要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。
Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made.7.为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me?8.只有在我过于劳累，在我长时间无间断地工作，在我感到内心空虚，需要补充精神营养的时候，我才感到寂寞。
工作报告译文翻译英文
工作报告译文翻译英文Work Report Translation工作报告Work Report尊敬的领导、同事们：Dear leaders and colleagues,大家好！我是XX公司市场部的XX，今天我很荣幸能向大家汇报我的工作情况。
Hello everyone! I am XX from the Marketing Department of XX Company. Today, I am honored to report my work progress to allof you.本季度，我主要负责市场推广和销售管理工作。
在市场推广方面，我与团队成员合作，制定了一系列的市场推广策略，提高了产品的知名度和销售额。
我们在各大媒体平台投放了广告，组织了线上线下的促销活动，并与合作伙伴进行了紧密的合作。
通过这些努力，我们成功地提升了品牌形象，并实现了销售目标。
同时，我还与销售团队密切合作，在拓展市场方面取得了一定的成果。
During this quarter, my main responsibility was market promotion and sales management. In terms of market promotion, I workedwith my team members to develop a series of marketing strategies, which increased the product's visibility and sales. We placedadvertisements on major media platforms, organized various online and offline promotional activities, and cooperated closely with partners. Through these efforts, we successfully enhanced the brand image and achieved the sales target. At the same time, I cooperated closely with the sales team and made some achievements in expanding the market.在销售管理方面，我负责制定销售计划和目标，分配销售任务给销售人员，并对其工作进展进行跟踪和评估。
汉译英原文及参考译文
三、史学方法
史学方法是任何历史研究工作者必须学习的课程， 也是正确掌握历史研究的一种重要训练。它包括 史学家使用的各种技术和准则，通过他们史学家 用第一手资源和其他研究证据写出历史。在历史 哲学中，合理的历史方法的性质甚至还有可能性 等问题，被当作认识论问题提了出来。其追随者 则以外部批评、内部批评和综合法为标题，对史 学家在研究工作中常用的历史准则进行概括。 （173）
四、中国结
中国结是一种古老的编织艺术。中国人自汉 代就把中国结用作装饰。现在的人们仍然对传 统中国结复杂的美和编织秘密感到不解。“结” 在中文的含义是团聚、友谊、温暖和结婚，等 等。所以中国结也成为团聚、幸运、和谐和爱 的 象征。
制作传统的中国结必须用一根红绳弯曲、 打结、编织，喻义是无穷无尽的幸福生活的循 环。这是中国结最重要的特征。把不同的结和 其它的吉祥饰物巧妙的结合在一起，就是一个 独特的吉祥饰品，特别是代表美、幸福和愿望 的红色。
经典英语翻译
汉译英1. 毫无疑问，阅读经典书籍使人们受益匪浅。
译文：Undoubtedly, college students have benefited a lot from social practice.2.她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。
译文：When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking the five years she had spent in the countryside.3. 这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类。
译文：The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.4. 我并不确切地知道他申请的贷款(loan)银行是否会给。
译文：I don’t know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.5. 玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。
译文：Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself.6. 她同意让一位年轻医生为她作手术。
译文：She agreed to be operated on by a young doctor.7. 他们已安排好让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那儿一定会玩得很开心。
译文：They’ve arranged for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow. I’m sure we’ll have a good time there.(we’ll enjoy ourselves there)8. 作者想通过这篇文章向读者传达她对赞扬与批评的看法。
译文：Through the article the author wants to convey to the readers his view on praise and criticism.9 迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。
6月英语四级翻译练习及译文
xx年6月英语四级翻译练习及译文xx年6月英语四级翻译练习及译文随着生活水平的提高，保健品(health care products)日益受到的喜爱。
人们花费大量金钱来购置能量饮料、维生素药片和美容饮品。
这些保健品宣称含有抗氧化物(antioxidants)，能使人增强体质、延缓衰老。
然而，最近有研究说明抗氧化物可能只是一个医学童话。
几乎没有什么数据可以证明抗氧化物可以预防疾病。
专家认为，要打抗氧化作用(oxidative stress)，就要多运动，多吃水果和蔬菜。
1.第1句中，“随着生活水平的提高”是状语，可语为状语从句as the living standards improve，也可译为介词短语with the improvement of the living standards：“保健品H益受到的喜爱”是句中的主体，翻译时，可沿用汉语句中的表达构造，译为health care products bee increasingly popular with Chinese people，也可将主语转换为(Chinese people)，将保健品转换为宾语，译为Chinese people tend to wele health care products.2.第2句中的谓宾构造“花费大量金钱来购置……”可套用英讲常用表达spend time/money (in) doing sth.，译为spend quite a large sum of money (in) buying.3.第3句“这些保健品宜称古有抗氧化物，能使人……”中包含3个动词，如果逐字对译为These health care products claim that they contain…and make people…那么稍显生硬。
分析该句可知，“能使人增强体质、延缓衰老”说的是抗氧化物(antioxidante)的作用，故在翻译时，可将其转译成抗氧化物的定语从句。
(完整word版)课文全文翻译参考译文u4
U4:THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH 英语的未来In the middle of sixteenth century, English was spoken by between four and five millions of people, and stood fifth among the European languages, with French, German, Italian, and Spanish ahead of it in that order, and Russian following. Two hundred years later Italian had dropped behind but Russian had gone ahead, so that English was still in fifth place. But by the end of the Eighteenth Century it began to move forward, and by the middle of the Nineteenth it had forced its way into first place. To-day it is so far in the lead that it is probably spoken by as many people as the next two languages—Russian and German combined.在16世纪中叶，有四五百万人说英语，说英语的人数在欧洲的语言中名列第五。
前四位依次是法语、德语、意大利语和西班牙语。
俄语排在英语之后。
两百年以后，意大利语排名落后，而俄语的排名靠前了，英语依然处于第五位。
到了18世纪末，英语的地位开始上升。
到19世纪中叶，英语已经跻身于第一位了。
今天，英语的地位遥遥领先，说英语的人数可能达到说后两种语言，即俄语和德语人数的总和。
英语翻译与技巧复习资料
1. He stole her a watch. 他给她偷了一块表.2.That girl student is in the green. 那个女生正值青春年少3.He tried to seem angry, but his smile betrayed him. 他装出生气的样子，可是笑容暴露了他的真实情感。
4.Science is a servant of mankind. 科学造福于人类。
5.In an odd way the two leaders diminished each other. 奇怪的是, 这两位领袖站在一起，都不如原来的形象那么伟大了6.Any literate person on the face of the globe is deprived if he does not know English.【译文】世界上任何有文化的人，如果不懂英语就算不上个真正的文化人。
7.She is forty, if she is a day. 【译文】她至少40岁了。
8. The housewife is not at home to visitors. 【译文】家庭主妇不接待客人.9.He pretends to be as modest as anything. 【译文】他装得极为谦虚。
10.We should find truth in the light of science. 【译文】根据科学，探求真理。
11.Beyond the light of the fire everything was swallowed up the blackness of darkness. 【译文】在火光照不到的地方，一切都被吞没在夜的黑暗之中。
12.It’s no legend. My father knew the two men involved.【译文】这可不是瞎说。
那两个与本案有关的人我父亲都认识。
中英汉互译
中英汉互译
1. 英文翻译成中文：
- 书籍是人类进步的阶梯。
Books are the ladder of human progress.
- 生活就像一面镜子，你若对她笑，她就对你笑。
Life is like a mirror. If you smile at her, she will smile at you.
2. 中文翻译成英文：
- 知识就是力量。
Knowledge is power.
- 塞翁失马，焉知非福。
A blessing in disguise.
3. 中文翻译成中文：
- 天下兴亡，匹夫有责。
Everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country.
- 海纳百川，有容乃大。
The ocean is vast because it admits all rivers.
这些只是一些示例，实际上还有很多其他的中英汉互译内容。
如果你有具体的文本需要翻译，我可以帮你进行翻译。
请注意，翻译的准确性和流畅性可能会受到语言的复杂性、文化背景和上下文等因素的影响。
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Macroeconomics 1、2、3、4、Abby consumes only apples. In year 1, red apples cost 1 dollar each, green apples cost 2 dollar each, and Abby buys 10 red apples. In year 2, red apples cost 2 dollar, green apples cost 1 dollar, and Abby buys 10 green apples.pute a consumer price index for apples for each year. Assume that year 1is the base yearin which the consumer basket is fixed. How does your index change from year 1 to year 2? pute Abby’s nominal spending on apples in each year. How doe s it change from year 1 toyear 2?ing year 1 as the base year, compute Abby’s real spending on apples in each year. Howdoes it change from year 1 to year 2?d.Defining the implicit price deflator as nominal spending divided by real spending, computethe deflator for each year. How does the deflator change from year 1 to year 2?Suppose that Abby is equally happy eating red or green apples. How much has the true cost of living increased for Abby? Compare this answer to your answers to parts (a) and (d). What does this example tell you about Laspeyres and Paasche price indexes?a.According to the CPI(消費物價指數), prices have doubled.b. N-spending is the total value of output produced in each year. In Y1 and Y2, Abby buys 10 apples for $1 each, so her N-spending remains constant at $10.c. R-spending is the total value of output produced in each year valued at the prices prevailing in Y1.InY1,the base year,her R-spending equals her N-spending of $10. In year 2, she consumes 10 green apples that are each valued at their Y1 price of $2, so her real spending is $20.Hence, Abby’s real spending rises from $10 to $20.d.Thus, the implicit price deflator suggests that prices have fallen by half.e. If Abby thinks of red apples and green apples as perfect substitutes, then the cost of living in this economy has not changed.According to the CPI, however, the cost of living has doubled. In contrast to the CPI, the implicit price deflator estimates the cost of living has halved.Thus, the CPI, a Laspeyres index, overstates the increase in the cost of living and the deflator, a Paasche index, understates it.This chapter of the text discusses the difference between Laspeyres and Paasche indices in more detail.5、α=. 6、Suppose that an economy’s production function is Cobb-Douglas with parameter 0.3a. What fractions of income do capital and labor receive?b. Suppose that immigration increases the labor force by 10 percent. What happen to total output?The rental price of capital? The real wage?c. Suppose that a gift of capita form abroad raises the capital stock by 10 percent. What happensto total output(in percent). The rental price of capital? The real wage?d. Suppose that a technological advance raises the value of the parameter A by 10 percent. Whathappens to total output? The rental price of capital? The real wage?7、Suppose that the money demand function takes the form(/)(,)/(5)d M P L i Y Y i ==a. If output grows at rate g, at what rate will the demand for real balances grow(assumingconstant nominal interest rates)?b. What is the velocity of money in this economy?c. If inflation and nominal interest rates are constant, at what rate, if any, will velocity grow?d.How will a permanent increase in the level of interest rates affect the level of velocity? Howwill it affect the subsequent growth rate of velocity?8、Consider an economy with the following Cobb-Douglas production function:123Y K LThe economy has 1000 units of capital and a labor force of 1000 workers.a.Derive the equation describing labor demand in this economy as a function of thereal wage and the capital stock.b.If the real wage can adjust to equilibrate labor supply and labor demand, what isthe real wage? In this equilibrium, what are employment, output, and the total amount earned by workers?c.Now suppose that Congress, concerned about the welfare of the working class,passes a law requiring firms to pay workers a real wage of 1 unit of output. How does this wage compare to the equilibrium wage?d.Congress cannot dictate how many workers firm hire at the mandated wage.Given this fact, what are the effects of this law? Specifically, what happens to employment, output and the total amount earned by workers?e.Will Congress succeed in its goal of helping the working class? Explain.f.Do you think that this analysis provides a good way of thinking about aminimum-wage law? Why or why not?9、One country , A, the capital share of GDP is 30 percent, the average growth in output is 3 percent per year, the depreciation rate is about 4 percent per year, and the capital-output rate is about 2.5. Suppose that the production function is Cobb-Douglas, so the capital share is constant, and that country A has been in a steady state ;.a. What must the saving rate be in the initial?b. Compare the capital-output ratio at the Golden Rule steady state to the capital-output ratio inthe initial state.c. What must the saving rate be to reach the Golden Rule steady state? Doses it need to beincreased or decreased? What policies might country A purse ?10、Two countries, Richland and Poorland, are described by the Solow growth model. They havethe same Cobb-Douglas production function , 1(,)F K L AK L αα-=, but with different quantities ofcapital and labor,. Richland save 32 percent of its income, while Poorland saves 10 percent. Richland has population growth of 1 percent per year, while Poorland has population growth of 3 percent.(The numbers in this problem are chosen to be approximately realistic descriptions of richand poor nations.) Both nations have technological progress at rate of 2 percent per year and depreciation at a rate of 5 percent per year.a.What is the per-worker production function f(k)?b.Solve for the rat io of Richland’s steady-state income per worker to Poorland’s.(Hint: Theparameter αwill play a role in your answer.)c.If the Cobb-Douglas parameter αtakes the conventional value of about 1/3, how muchhigher should income per worker in Richland compared to Poorland?d.Income per worker in Richland is actually 16 times income per worker in Poorland. Can youexplain this fact by changing the value of parameter α? What must it be? Can you think of any way of justifying such a value for this parameter? How else might you explain the larger difference in income between Richland and Poorland?8、Suppose that consumption depends on the level of real money balance ( on the grounds that real money balances are part of wealth). Show that if real money balances depend on the nominal interest rate, then an increase in the rate of money growth affects consumption, investment, and the real interest rate. Does the nominal interest rate adjust more than one-for-one or less than one-for-one to expected inflation?This deviation from the classical dichotomy and the Fisher effect is called the Mundell-Tobin effect.How might you decide whether the Mundell-Tobin effect is important in practi概率小：3、Consider how each of the following events is likely to affect real GDP. Do you think the change in real GDP reflects a similar change in economic well-being?a. A hurricane in Florida forces Disney World to shut down for a month.b. Increased hostility between unions and management sparks a rash of strikes?c. Firms throughout the economy experience falling demand, causing them to lay off workers.d. More high-school students drop out of school to take jobs mowing lawns.4、When the government subsidizes investment, such as with an investment tax credit, the subsidyoften applies to only some types of investment. This question asks you to consider the effect of such a change. Suppose there are two types of investment in the economy: business investment and residential investment. And suppose that the government institutes an investment tax credit only for business investment.a. How does this policy affect the demand curve for business investment? The demand curve forresidential investment?b. Draw the economy’s supply and demand for loanable funds. How does this policy affect thesupply and demand for loanable funds? What happens to the equilibrium interest rate?c. Compare the old and the new equilibria. How does this policy affect the total quantity ofinvestment? The quantity of residential investment?。