年产7.5万吨氯乙烯固定床反应器设计

年产7.5万吨氯乙烯固定床反应器设计

摘要

综述了氯乙烯的性质、用途及生产方法，简介了氯乙烯的合成方法及生产原理。介绍固定床反应器工艺计算和结构计算情况。根据设计条件和要求，通过物料衡算、热量衡算及其他工艺计算设计出年产7.5万吨氯乙烯的固定床反应器，并确定反应器的选型和尺寸，计算压降、催化剂用量等，设计出符合要求的反应器。

本次设计采用乙炔合成法工艺合成氯乙烯。原料由乙炔气和氯化氢原料气组成，其中乙炔气中乙炔含量为99%，氯化氢原料气中氯化氢含量为99%，乙炔气与氯化氢原料气以1:1.08配比进入混合器，混合后的气体经石墨冷却器冷却后进入除雾器进一步脱水，脱水后的混合气进入预热器，预热后进入装有以活性炭为载体的氯化汞催化剂的一组反应转化器进行第一次转化，经过初步转化的混合气体再进入二组转化器（乙炔转化率达到97.6%)，副产物1,1-二氯乙烷的生成量约为0.9%左右）。反应后的粗氯乙烯进入脱汞罐脱汞后进入除沫冷却器降温，降温后送至储罐。

通过反应的物料衡算、热量衡算、反应器选型、反应器尺寸计算，得到该反应器工艺尺寸。设计采用直径为3200 mm的列管固定床反应器，有5台反应器，列管共7482根，催化剂床层高度为2.85 m，床层截面积为3.09 m2 ,催化剂总体积为9.42 m3。

通过验算，证明各指标数据均符合标准，本次设计满足设计要求。

关键词：氯乙烯；乙炔合成法；固定床反应器

Abstract

The properties, application and and production methods of vinyl chloride were simply summarized . Introduced the synthesis of vinyl chloride and reaction principle. The design mainly calculated the process parameter and the size of the reactor. According to the design conditions and requirements，through material balance calculation, heat balance calculation and other process calculation designed annual 75,000 tons of vinyl chloride fixed-bed reactor, and determined the reactor selection and size, calculate pressure drop, catalyst etc, designed to meet the requirements of the reactor.

This design adopts the acetylene synthesis process for the synthesis of vinyl chloride. Raw material gas is composed of acetylene and hydrogen chloride . The content of acetylene in the acetylene gas is 99% . The content of hydrogen chloride in the hydrogen chloride gas is 99% . The proportion of acetylene and hydrogen chloride is 1:1. 08 . They are mixed in the mixer, the mixed gas after getting into graphite cooler next gets into the mist eliminator to conduct further dehydration, and the mixture gets into the preheat-er, then enters into converter which is full of mercuric chloride catalyst whose carrier of a set of reaction is activated carbon for the first time, after preliminary transformation of, the mixed gas gets into converter (acetylene conversion rate of 97.6%) for the second time, the by-product 1,1- the generation of the dichloroethane is about 0.9%). Crude vinyl chloride gets into the mercury removal tank to remove mercury and enters in the foam cooler to cool down. Finally the product is sent to a storage tank.

By calculation of material balance, calculation of heat balance and the selection of reactor type , the size of the reactor is obtained. The design adopts fixed bed reactor whose column pipes’ diameter is 3200 mm, there are 5 tube reactors and 7482 steel pipes, the height of catalyst bed is 2.85 m, the bed cross sectional area of catalyst bed is 3.09 m2 . The total volume of catalyst is 9.42 m3.

Through calculation, it is proved that each index data is satisfied with a