《英美概况》复习题与参考答案

2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1.Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain.For the sake of convenience, Great Britain is often shortened to Britain.2.United Kingdom is made up of four parts, England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthern Ireland.3.The island of Great Britain can be divided into two partsaccording to its geographic features: the Highland Zone in the north and west and the Lowland zone in the south and southeast.4.In America, The presiding officer of the senate is theVice-president of the United States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.5.Britain did not produce cotton and textile industry usedto rely on wool as the principal fiber.6.In Britain, the city Birmingham is well known for itsproduction of automobiles, electricity equipment, electronics, munitions, and arms.7.British government is produced through contest betweentwo major political parties every five years8.British can enjoy higher education in three ways:Universities, polytechnics and Open Universities.9.Mainland America is situated in the southern part ofNorth America with two land Neighbors, Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.10.T he longest river in Britain is the Severn River ，whichruns 355 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait. 11.W hite House is the place where American President livesand works.12.B ritish’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with about90% living in urban areas and 10% living in rural areas.13.B ritain invented the locomotive and was the first countryto build a railway in the world in 1825.14.O ne of the most important US government principle is“Checks and Balances”.15.T he majority of the British people believe in Christianity,which is the religion of the followers of Jesus Christ. 16.T he most important and longest river running throughthe middle plain of America is Mississippi River.17.T he U.K. has two established churches: the Church ofEngland and the Church of Scotland.18.I mportant heavy industries in Britain includeshipbuilding and motor vehicle.19.Modern English is the official language of the UnitedKingdom as well as the first language of the vast majority 20. In Britain, the place where parliament has sessions in London is the Palace of Westminster.21. The US Congress has two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate comprises 100 Senators, two from each of the 50 states22. In early times, British nobility can be divided into upper nobility and lower nobility according to the amount of the land they possessed.23. In Britain, the nucleus of the government is known as the Cabinet , which is headed by the prime minister.24. In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political parties, and this is known as party politics.25. The US Constitution protects freedom of speech and freedom of the press so that common people can make their opinions known.26. The highest court in Britain is the Supreme Court.27. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, itbecomes known as a hung jury.28. The English legal profession is divided into two branches: solicitors and barristers .29. Britain was the first country to introduce a new economic system known as free enterprise.30. To meet the increasing need and protect environment, Britain has begun to develop some new energies, such as bio-fuels, deriving from waste and crops.31. Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.32. To the south of San Francisco locates a famous valley, named Silicon Valley, which has now become the center of America’s electronic industry.33. The Mississippi River Valley, also known as the _Central Plain_, consists of the large area between the Appalachian on the east and the Rocky Mountains on the west.34. Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the “ workshop of the world.”35. One of the most famous natural park in America, Yellow Stone National Park, is situated in the state Wyoming.36. Las Vegas, the most striking gambling city in America, completely relies on the water from the Colorado River. 37. Everything related with family life, including family meals, is regarded as privacy in Britain.38. The working class people usually have a “ high tea” withhot dishes at about 5 o’clock in the afternoon;39. The middle-class people normally have an early “light tea” at about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon.40. Private schools in Britain are officially called independent schools because they are independent of the government.3.简答问题：（15题）➢简要回答下列问题：1.Why is America compared to a melting-pot?2.What are the characters of typical British people?3.Why do British people like to talk about weather somuch?4.What changes have taken place in British families? Whatare the possible causes for those changes?5.Who are the famous Queens in British history? Pleasewrite down their names.6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of JuryTrial?7.What are the popular festivals in America? Please list twoor three names of them.8.What is the function of monarch in Britain?9.Why is British government system called “ConstitutionalMonarchy”?10.P lease list some famous rivers in America.11.W hat measures can government take to adjust thedevelopment of economy?12.W hy do some Historians call black Americans “unwillingimmig rants”?13.W hat are the factors that can help you decide socialstatus of a man in British society?14.W hat are the spirits American People worship?15.H ow does American government system demonstrate theprinciple of “Checks and Balances”?2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题2、知识填空题：( 40题)1.Great Britain; Britain2.England; Wales; Northern Ireland3.Highland Zone; Lowland Zone4.Vice-president5.wool6.Birmingham7.five8.Universities; Open Universities9.Canada; Mexico10.S evern11.W hite House12.u rban; rural13.r ailway14.B alances15.C hristianity; Jesus Christ16.M ississippi River17.e stablished; England; Scotland18.s hipbuilding; motor vehicle production19.M odern English20.t he Palace of Westminster21.S enate; House of Representatives; 100; two22.u pper; lower23.C abinet24.p arties25.s peech; the press26.t he Supreme Court27.h ung28.s olicitors; barristers29.f ree30.b io-fuels31.d ecency32.S ilicon Valley33.C entral Plain; Appalachian; Rocky34.w orkshop35.W yoming36.L as Vegas37.p rivacy38.h igh39.l ight40.i ndependent4.简答问题：（15题）1.As immigrants from different regions and cultures cameto live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away, and they became part of the American culture.2.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterizedby its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.3.Because the weather in Britain is very changeable;moreover, as British people tend to avoid private topics, weather is considered to be a safe topic.4.Today, British women are no longer confined to trditionalhouse chores. Women employees can be found in almost every part of social life. They make up about 48% of the British labor force. Paid jobs meant independence for women,which finally led to changes in women’s social status.5.Mary ; Elizabeth I ; Victoria ; Elizabeth II6.The jury trial in Britain embodies some basic principle ofthe value cherished by the British people, such as theprotection of individual rights. However, if the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, it becomes known as a hung jury. Then a new jury has to be formed, and a new trail is called.7.Christmas Day ; New Year’s Day ; Thanksgiving Day ;Independence Day ; Lincoln’s Birthday ; Halloween8.Over centuries in history, the English monarch personallycontrolled supreme executive, legislative, and judicial power. After the founding of the law court in the 12th century and Parliament in the 13th century, the direct exercise of these functions by the monarch gradually decreased.9.On the one hand, Monarch is the symbol of supremepower in Britain; on the other hand, the power of Monarch is limited by laws, and it has mainly advisory and ceremonial responsibilities, the real power is clenched by Prime Minister and parliament.10.t he Mississippi River , the Missouri River , the OhioRiver , the Tennessee River , the Colorado River , The Rio Grande River , the Potomac River , the Hudson River 11.1) Fiscal policy: increase/decrease tax rate;increase/decrease government budget.2) Monetary policy: increase/decrease interest rate; issuenational bond.12. Because they were victims of the traffic in slaves.13. wealth, clothes, accent, education, family background, gestures, social circle, profession…14. The spirits American People worship are supposed to include equality, freedom, hard work, self-reliance.15. 1) Executive branch can check legislative branch through:A. Bring up with BillsB. Deny BillsC. Implement policies2) Legislative branch can check executive branch through:A. Initiate revenue billB. Reject nominationC. InvestigationD. Impeachment3) Legislative branch can check judicial branch through:A. Appoint judgesB. Determine budgetC. Overthrow verdictD. Impeachment4) Judicial branch can check legislative branch through:A. Judicial review of ActsB. passed by congress5) Executive branch can check judicial branch through “appointing Judges on the advice of congress”.6) Judicial branch can check executive branch through “j udicial review of Executive action”.（写出任意三点可得满分）。