XK5040数控立式铣床主运动系统、进给系统及控制系统设计

摘要

数控机床即数字程序控制机床，是一种自动化机床，数控技术是数控机床研究的核心，是制造业实现自动化、网络化、柔性化、集成化的基础。随着制造技术的发展，现代数控机床借助现代设计技术、工序集约化和新的功能部件使机床的加工范围、动态性能、加工精度和可靠性有了极大的提高。

本文主要对XK5040数控立式铣床及控制系统进行设计，首先分析立式铣床的加工特点和加工要求确定其主参数，包括运动和动力参数；根据主参数和设计要求进行主运动系统、进给系统和控制系统硬件电路设计。主要进行主运动系统和进给系统的机械结构设计及滚珠丝杠和步进电机的选型和校核；对于控制系统由于这里主要针对经济型数控铣床的设计，这里采用步进电机开环控制，计算机系统采用高性能价格比的MCS-51系列单片扩展系统，主要进行中央处理单元的选择、存储器扩展和接口电路设计。

由于本文采用8031单片机控制系统，因此，设计出的立式铣床性能价格比高，满足经济性要求。可实用于加工精度较高的场合。

关键词数控技术，立式铣床，设计

ABSTRACT

The numerical control engine bed is the digital process control engine bed, is one kind of automated engine bed, the numerical control technology is the core which the numerical control engine bed studies, is the manufacturing industry realization automation, the network, the flexibility, the integrated foundation. Along with the manufacture technology development, the modern numerical control engine bed with the aid of the modern design technology, the working procedure intensification and the new function part caused the engine bed the processing scope, the dynamic performance, the processing precision and the reliability had the enormous enhancement .

This article mainly carries on the design to the XK5040 numerical control vertical milling machine and the control system, first analyzes the vertical milling machine the processing characteristic and the processing request determines its host parameter, including movement and dynamic parameter; Carry on the host kinematic scheme according to the host parameter and the design request, enters for the system and the control system hardware circuit design. Mainly carries on the host kinematic scheme and enters for the system mechanism design and the ball bearing guide screw and electric stepping motor shaping and the examination; Regarding control system because here mainly aims at the economy numerical control milling machine the design, here uses electric stepping motor open-loop control, the computer system uses the high performance price compared to the MCS-51 series monolithic expansion system, mainly carries on the central processing element the choice, the memory expansion and the connection circuit design .

Because this article uses 8,031 monolithic integrated circuits control system, therefore, designs the vertical milling machine performance price is higher than, satisfies the efficient request. But practical to processing precision higher situation .

Key words：Numerical control technology，Vertical milling machine，Design

目录

摘要.................................................................................................................................. - 1 - 1 总体设计........................................................................................................................ - 5 - 1.1、铣床简介.................................................................................................................... - 5 - 1.2、 X K5040型数控铣床的总体布局、主要技术参数及总传动系统图 ..................... - 5 - 1.2.1 XK5040型数控铣床的总体布局 ........................................................................... - 5 - 1.2.2 XK5040型数控铣床的主要技术参数 ................................................................... - 6 -

1.2.3 总传动系统图........................................................................................................ - 8 -

2 主运动系统设计............................................................................................................ - 9 - 2.1 传动系统设计.............................................................................................................. - 9 - 2.1.1参数的拟定............................................................................................................... - 9 - 2.1.2 传动结构或结构网的选择...................................................................................... - 9 - 2.1.

3 转速图拟定............................................................................................................ - 10 - 2.1.4齿轮齿数的确定及传动系统图的绘制 ................................................................. - 13 - ２.２传动件的估算与验算........................................................................................ - 16 - 2.2.1传动轴的估算和验算............................................................................................. - 16 - ２.２.２齿轮模数的估算................................................................................................ - 18 - ２.３展开图设计............................................................................................................ - 22 - ２.３.１结构实际的内容及技术要求............................................................................ - 22 - ２.３.２齿轮块的设计................................................................................................ - 23 - ２.３.３传动轴设计.................................................................................................... - 25 - ２.３.４主轴组件设计................................................................................................ - 28 - ２.４制动器设计............................................................................................................ - 33 - ２.４.１按扭矩选择.................................................................................................... - 33 - ２.５截面图设计.......................................................................................................... - 3

4 - ２.５.１轴的空间布置.................................................................................................. - 34 - ２.５.２操纵机构........................................................................................................ - 3

5 - ２.５.３润滑................................................................................................................ - 35 - ２.５.４箱体设计的确有关问题.................................................................................... - 3

6 - ３进给系统设计.............................................................................................................. - 3

7 - ３.１总体方案设计........................................................................................................ - 37 - ３.１.１对进给伺服系统的基本要求............................................................................ - 37 - ３.１.２进给伺服系统的设计要求................................................................................ - 37 - ３.１.３总体方案............................................................................................................ - 3

8 - ３.２进给伺服系统机械部分设计................................................................................ - 38 - ３.２.１确定脉冲当量，计算切削力............................................................................ - 38 - ３.２.２滚珠丝杆螺母副的计算和造型 ........................................................................ - 40 - ３.２.３齿轮传动比计算................................................................................................ - 46 - ３.２.４步进电机的计算和选型................................................................................ - 47 - ３.２.５进给伺服系统机械部分结构设计 ................................................................ - 55 - ４控制系统设计.............................................................................................................. - 58 - 4.1绘制控制系统结构框图............................................................................................. - 5

9 - 4.2.选择中央处理单元（CPU）的类型 .......................................................................... - 59 - 4.3存储器扩展电路设计................................................................................................. - 60 - ４.３.１程序存储器的扩展............................................................................................ - 60 - ４.３.２数据存储器的扩展........................................................................................ - 61 - ４.４I/O接口电路及辅助电路设计............................................................................. - 61 - ４.４.１I/O接口电路设计....................................................................................... - 61 - ４.４.２步进电机接口及驱动电路............................................................................ - 62 -