译林版高中英语必修2讲义Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——现在完成时和现在完成进行时

Section ⅢGrammar——现在完成时

和现在完成进行时

一、现在完成时

1．现在完成时的用法

(1)表示过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响。动作虽然发生在过去，但落脚点在现在。

I've forgotten his telephone number.

我忘记了他的电话号码。(没法联系他了)

I haven't finished reading this book yet，so I can't return it to the library.

这本书我还没有看完，所以不能把它还给图书馆。

(2)表示动作或状态从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并可能延续下去。常与so far，by now，up to now，since，for a long time，up till now，in the past/last few years 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

He has worked here for twenty years by now.

到现在为止，他已经在这儿工作20年了。

Up to now，we have received no letters from her.

到现在为止，我们没有收到她一封信。

[名师点津]

(1)该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，不能是非延续性动词或趋向动词。

(2)非延续性动词用于否定句可以表示否定的状态，故可以用来表示状态的持续。

(3)由since引导的时间状语中，since后面的时间名词必须是“时间点”，而

不能是“时间段”；而for短语中的时间名词必须是“时间段”(有时for可省去)。

I've known him since 1980.

我从1980年就认识他了。

I have learnt English (for) many years.

我学英语已很多年了。

[即时演练1]用所给动词的适当形式填空

①The price has gone (go)down，but I'm not sure whether it will remain so.

②All the windows have been painted (paint)，and they look new.

③I have read (read)many reports about the UFO recently.

④In the last few years，China has made (make) great achievements in environmental protection.

⑤His first novel has received (receive) good reviews since it came out last month.

2．现在完成时的常用句型

(1)It/This is the first/second/...time that＋主语＋谓语部分(常用现在完成时)

(2)It has been＋一段时间＋since...

(3)It/This/That is the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句(定语从句常用现在完成时)

It is the first time that I've heard of the story about Crop Circles.

这是我第一次听说麦田怪圈的故事。

This is the best film(that)I've ever seen.

这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。

3．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时

If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.

如果你做过这个实验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。

4．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

①clean

We cleaned the classroom just now.

We have already cleaned the classroom.

②work

I worked in the factory for 3 years，now I run a restaurant.

I have worked in the factory for 3 years.

③—Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong?

—Well，I took (take) a test and I'm waiting for the result.

二、现在完成进行时

1．现在完成进行时的用法

(1)表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，更强调动作的延续性，常与for，since等引出的时间状语连用。

They have been living here for 10 years.

他们住在这里10年了。

I have been waiting for you about half an hour.

我等你大概半个小时了。

(2)表示动作的反复性。

They have been discussing the matter several times this year.

他们今年已经数次讨论那件事了。

(3)表示某种感情色彩。

I have been waiting to see you for a long time.

长久以来，我一直等着见你。

[名师点津]

表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

我认识他已经好几年了。

I have known him for years. (√)

I have been knowing him for years. (×)

[即时演练3]用所给动词的适当形式填空