初中英语现在完成时

Present perfect tense现在完成时Objectives1.学习现在完成时；2.总结现在完成时与一般过去时的区别及用法。

Grammar一、现在完成时的定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态二、现在完成时的结构have/has+ done (过去分词)注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。

用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。

三、现在完成时的时间状语1.ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）,just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用2.Since+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few years表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。

用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since （自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。

yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。

例如：I have already finished my homework.I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;2)不能与when连用四、现在完成时的用法A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。

e.g. The car has arrived.车子来了。

（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。

（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。

e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since ＋时间点”。

e.g. He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years. 他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。

The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ago. =He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago. =I have had the book for 5 days.表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year,since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。

五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1.一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday ）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。

）2.一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ...Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)3.现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in thepast/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。

现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work,study, know.六、比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。

have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。

have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了Exercises单项选择1. _______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived2. His uncle _______ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university3.—_______ you _______ your homework yet?—Yes. I _______ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finishedD.will ; do ; finish4. His father _______ the Party since 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in5. —Do you know him well?—Sure. We _______ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made6. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away7. I _______ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been inD.have been8.The factory _______ since the February of 1988.A. has been openB. has openedC. was openD. opened9. Mary and Rose _______ friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become10.The meeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been overD. has been finished11.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taughtD.has been taught12. How long _______ he _______?A. did, diedB. has, diedC. has, been deadD. did, die13. He _______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept14.He _______ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has hadD. bought15.--How long can I ______ the book? --Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keepReading完形填空This is the famous Battered-Body Trick (苦肉计) in history. One ____1_____, Zhou Yu was thinking hard in the light about how to beat Cao Cao's army when Huang Gai came in. He suggested attacking withfire. "Well, it's exactly _____2_____ I want to do," said Zhou. "But I need a man to take fire to Cao'scamp." Huang said he was _____3_____to do it.The next morning Zhou Yu held a meeting. He ____4____his people to prepare three months' foodfor the coming battle. Just then Huang said, "Cao has a _____5_____ and stronger army than we do. Sowe can't win. Why not _____6_____ this and ask for peace?"Zhou Yu got angry, " My responsibility (职责) is to fight with Cao. Why do you say such words? Come on! Get _____7_____ out and kill him."All the other people begged for Huang. Zhou said at last, "OK, I won't kill you. _____8_____, you'llhave to get one hundred army sticks (军棍)!" Huang was badly hurt.Later, Huang sent a letter to Cao and he said that he wanted to help Cao. Before long, Cao received another letter from his two men in Zhou's army, saying "Huang is _____9_____."In this way, Huang succeeded in setting fire to Cao's camp. Soon Cao's ships _____10_____ in a bigfire because all of them were tied together.1. A. morning B. noon C. afternoon D. night2. A. how B. what C. why D. when3. A. sad B. kind C. happy D. angry4. A. cried B. spoke C. asked D. shouted5. A. more B. longer C. smaller D. larger6. A. keep B. stop C. begin D. finish7. A. you B. me C. him D. them8. A. However B. For example C. By the way D. Because9. A. stupid B. clever C. honest D. terrible10. A. went B. fell C. broke D. burnt阅读理解Friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful, according to an article inTimes.Carlin Flora, the writer, who has studied friendship for years, finds that if you really want to changesomething in your life, you can develop friendship with people who have the same aims as you do.Friends can help make your own will stronger. Following good examples can help you get rid of badbehaviors and form new, healthier ones. For example, after a busy and tiring day, you probably want to go home and watch TV. However, your friend knocks on your door and asks you to go jogging with him. Afterjogging, you talk over coffee together. This is much better than just sitting in the room watching TV.Flora also points out that it’s best to stop bad habits by turning attention to different, good ones.Instead of staying at home alone and spending hours in front of your computer, building up f riendship with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up more easily.We all wish to be with, and be liked by our friends. When you have friendship with people with strongwills and good behaviors, you will not only succeed more easily, but also find joy on your journey. [来源学&科&网]1. The underlined word “ones” in the third paragraph means _______.A. examplesB. behaviorsC. friendsD. aims2. In the writer’s opinion, _______ is better for you after a busy and tiring day.A. sitting in the room watching TVB. staying at home aloneC. spending hours in front of your computerD. jogging with a friend3. According to the writer, we should make friends with those who _______.A. have the values and habits w e admireB. often go jogging with usC. have the same jobs as we doD. talk over coffee with us4. The main idea of this passage is _______.A. friends can help make your own will strongerB. we all wish to be with, and be liked by our friendsC. it’s best to stop had habits by turning attention to different, good onesD. friendship can help you stick to your aims and make you more successful语法填空Few Chinese people could be 1. ________ (busy) than Senior 3 students these days. With thenational college entrance examination drawing near, they spend every waking hour 2. ________ (battle)with books, pens and test papers.Under such great pressure, more and more students are now 3. ________ (choose) to study abroad.They want to reduce（减少）their stress 4. ________ develop personal interests.Leaving China to live abroad 5. ________ your own is not easy. Even simple daily talks can maketeenagers 6. ________ (happy) or more homesick. Another concern is that it is very expensive 7.________ (study) abroad.Actually, Chinese education is becoming more open. This year, Fudan University decided to acceptstudents based on their abilities 8. ________ before making a decision, seriously consider whetherit's worth (值得的) spending so 9. ________ (many) to take that challenge. Going to a good Chineseuniversity might be better for you.Studying abroad is a different experience that can make a great change to your life. But, 10.________ you only have blind faith（信念）, it may well be a bitter lesson.HomeworkSometimes I really wonder 1. ________ there is love between my parents. Every day they are verybusy 2. ________ (make) money. They don’t act in the romantic ways that I read about in books or I sey.on TV. 3. ________ their opinion, “I love you” is too much to saOne day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I quietly sat down beside her and looked at her.“Mom, I have a question for you,” I said, breaking the 4. ________ (silent).“What?” she asked, still doing her work.r in a very low voice.“Is there love between you and Dad?” I asked heShe stopped her work and raised her head with surprise in her eyes. But then she continued to sewthe quilt. I was very embarrassed because I thought I had hurt her.It seemed like 5. ________ very long time before my mother started to speak again. “Susan, said thoughtfully, “look at this thread. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. Thethread makes the quilt strong. If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can 6. ________ (hard)be seen anywh ere or anytime, but it’s really there. Love is inside.”I listened carefully but I didn’t understand before the next spring. My father had a stroke (中风)and couldn’t walk by 7. ________ (he) any more. After that, my mother helped my father walk outsideevery day. Along the country road, there were many beautiful 8. ________ (tree). They two, hand in hand,walked slowly. To me, that was 9. ________ (beautiful) picture in the world —that’s a picture of love.They still don’t say “I love you” to each other. But I know they have deep love for each other. Iused to think love 10. ______ (mean) flowers and sweet kisses. But actually, love is just a thread inthe quilt.。