北京外国语大学考研意大利语专业真题样题

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北外考研翻硕试题及答案

北外考研翻硕试题及答案模拟试题：北京外国语大学翻译硕士入学考试模拟题一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "ubiquitous" is most nearly synonymous with:A. CommonB. UnusualC. RareD. Unique2. In the sentence "The company has been successful despite the economic downturn," the phrase "despite" is used to indicate:A. A causeB. A reasonC. An obstacleD. A method3. Choose the correct grammatical structure for the sentence: "When I am done with my homework, _______."A. I will go out for a walkB. will I go out for a walkC. I go out for a walkD. go out for a walk I4. The correct use of the verb "to flatter" in a sentence is:A. She flattered him to get the job.B. She flattered him into getting the job.C. She flattered to get the job.D. She was flattered to get the job.5. Fill in the blank with the appropriate word: "The _______ of the old building was a significant loss to the community."A. DestructionB. ConstructionC. FoundationD. Installation二、阅读理解（共30分）Read the following passage and answer the questions:Passage:The rise of digital technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and learn. It has opened up new opportunities for innovation and creativity, but it has also brought about challenges. One of the significant challengesis the digital divide, which refers to the gap between those who have ready access to computers and the internet and those who do not. This divide is not only a technological issue but also a social and economic one, as it can affect education, employment, and social inclusion.6. What does the term "digital divide" refer to?A. The gap between different digital technologiesB. The disparity in access to digital technologyC. The difference in digital literacy ratesD. The variety of digital devices available7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a consequence of the digital divide?A. Limited access to educationB. Reduced opportunities for innovationC. Inequality in social inclusionD. Impact on employment opportunities8. What is the primary concern regarding the digital divide mentioned in the passage?A. It is a technological issue.B. It is a social and economic issue.C. It hinders technological progress.D. It increases the cost of digital devices.9. The passage suggests that digital technology has had which of the following impacts?A. It has only positive effects.B. It has both positive and negative effects.C. It has led to a decline in traditional forms of communication.D. It has no impact on the way people work.10. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of digital technology.B. The challenges of the digital divide.C. The need for more digital devices.D. The importance of digital literacy.三、翻译（共50分）11. 将下列中文段落翻译成英文（25分）：随着全球化的不断深入，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。

北京外国语大学考研意大利语专业真题样题

北京外国语大学研究生入学考试意大利语专业样题31.RISPONDETE ALLE DOMANDE(50punti)1)Chièil primo re del Regno d’Italia?2)Chi sono i filosofi importanti di Antica Grecia?3)I colori della bandiera italiana?4)L’anno della Scoperta dell’America?5)L’anno della seconda repubblica italiana?6)Un rappresentante della scuola siciliana?7)Listate due opere di Dante.8)I temi piùrilevanti di Decamerone.9)La lingua usata nel Decamerone.10)Cheèl’Umanesimo?11)Che relazioneèl’Umanesimo e il Rinascimento?12)La lingua italianaèsulla base della lingua di quale città?13)Un’opera di Matteo Maria Boiardo.14)Un’opera storico-politica piùimportante di Machiavelli.15)La signoria del Torino nel Quattrocento.16)Chi ha dato la riforma protestante nel1517?17)Cheèil Concilio di Trento e per quale motivo?18)Liatate un poema eroico nel tardo Rinascimento.19)L’autore di questo poema.20)Un’opera di Galileo Galilei.21)Cheèla nuova scienza del Seicento?22)Cheèl’Illuminismo?23)L’autore di Dei delitti e delle pene.24)Chièsempre il protagonista del teatro di Goldoni?25)Le caratteristiche del teatro di Goldoni rispetto alla commedia dell’arte.26)Chièsia il rappresentante del neoclassicismo sia del romanticismo?27)Spiegate un pòil neoclassicismo.28)Il romanzo epistolare di Ugo Foscolo.29)Che caratteristica particolare ha il Romanticismo italiano?30)La caratteristica principale delle poesie di Leopardi.31)Il primo esempio di romanzo storico della letteratura italiana.32)L’autore di questo romanzo.33)Lo sfondo storico di questo romanzo.34)Spiegate il verismo.35)L’autore del verismo.36)Chi organizza la Spedizione dei Mille in Sicilia?37)Tre opere di Giuseppe Verdi.38)Tre opere di Giacomo Puccini.39)Una poesia di GiosuèCarducci.40)Un’opera di Giovanni Pascoli.41)Tre opere di Gabriele d’Annunzio.42)Due opere di Italo Svevo.43)Tre opere di Luigi Pirandello.44)Tre scrittore che vincono il Premio Nobel per la letteratura.45)Che sono le poesie ermetiche?46)Due poeti ermetici.47)Un’opera di Carlo Emilio Gadda.48)L’autore di Conversazione in Sicilia.49)Due opere di Cesare Pavese.50)L’autore di la Romana.PRENSIONE(50punti)La Divina CommediaLa Comedia,conosciuta soprattutto come Commedia o Divina Commedia,èun poema di Dante Alighiri,scritto in terzine incatenate di versi endecasillabi,in lingua volgare posta secondo i critici tra il1304e il1321,anni del suo Commediaèl'opera piùcelebre di Dante,nonchéuna delle piùimportanti testimonianze della civiltàmedievale;conosciuta e studiata in tutto il mondo,èritenuta la piùgrande opera della letteratura di tutti i tempi.L'opera ebbe subito uno straordinario successo,e contribuìin maniera determinante al processo di consolidamento del dialetto toscano come lingua italiana.Il testo,del quale non si possiede l’autografo,fu infatti copiato sin dai primissimi anni della sua diffusione,e fino all'avvento della stampa,in un ampio numero di manoscritti.Parallelamente si diffuse la pratica della chiosa e del commento al testo(si calcolano circa60 commenti e tra le100.000e le200.000pagine),dando vita a una tradizione di letture e di studi danteschi mai interrotta;si parla cosìdi secolare vastitàdelle testimonianze manoscritte della Commedia ha comportato una oggettiva difficoltànella definizione del testo Commedia,pur proseguendo molti dei modi caratteristici della letteratura e dello stile medievali(ispirazione religiosa,fine morale, linguaggio e stile basati sulla percezione visiva e immediata delle cose),èprofondamente innovativa,poiché,comeèstato rilevato in particolare negli studi di Erich Auerbach,tende a una rappresentazione ampia e drammatica della realtà.Èuna delle letture obbligate del sistema scolastico italiano.La Commedia(chiamata divina dai posteri)èl’espressione di tutto il pensiero politico e morale e della esperienza umana di esule del poeta;èanche la sintesi del sapere medievale.Ecco alcuni aspetti chiavi:Titolo:Dante intitola il poema Commedia perché,come egli stesso dice,èuna narrazione che ha un inizio tragico e una lieta fine.Inoltre viene usato uno stile medio accessibile a tutti.Al di làdi queste Commedia rappresenta non solofigure nobili,ma anche personaggi di diverse condizioni sociali e aspetti di vita quotidiana.Struttura:La strattura ha come base la perfezione del numero tre(il numero della Trinità).Èdivisa in tre Cantiche,inferno il mondo dei dannati,Purgatorio,il mondo dei penitenti,Paradiso,il mondo dei beati.Ogni Canticaècomposta da33canti piùdi uno di introduzione edèscritta in terzine.Struttura fisica:il sitema tolemaico sta alla base dell’ordinamento fisico del poema. La Terraèal centro dell’universo;intorno ad essa ruotano nove sfere celesti contenute da una decima l’Empireo,cheèimmobile.Solo l’emistero settentrionale della terraèabitato.All’interno si apre la cavitàdell’Inferno,provocata dalla caduta di Lucifero, l’angelo ribelle a Dio.L’emisfero meridionaleèoccupato dall’Oceano,dove emerge la montagna del Purgatorio.Ordinamento morale:Dante segue il pensiero di S.Tommaso:l’uomo pe sua natura tende al bene;Dioèil Bene supremo;l’uomo,dotato di libero arbitrio,puòpeccare per un esagerato amore per le cose terrene.Argomento:èun viaggio-visione,pieno di situazioni drammatiche e di incontri affettuosi,di Dante nel mondo dell’oltretomba:Dante smarritosi nella selva del peccato,viene guidato alla salvezza attraverso i tre regni da Virgilio e poi nel paradiso, da Beatrice.Allegoricamente rappresenta il faticoso cammino di un’anima,cammino esemplare per tutta l’umanità.Inoltre,Dante se ne serve per condannare la corruzione della Chiesa e l’incapacitàdell’Impero ad assolvere il suo compito.La Commedia come ultima summaLa commedia che Boccaccio disse divina per il suo carattere di poema scro e per l’altezza sublime della poesia,èl’ultima summa,la piùgrande della cultura medievale, sintesi di tutta la realtàterrena e ultraterrena,naturale e storica,culturale e morale: una sintesi per immagini,non condotta cioècon gli strumenti puri della deduzione filosofica,ma con quelli poetici della raffigurazione allegorica.Tale summa viene concepita e realizzata da Dante proprio quando ne stanno venendo meno i presupposti ideologici e storici,con una intempestivitàa posteriori evidente, ma che tuttavia pare debba costituire un carattere inderogabile di tutti i grandi capolavori della letteratura,destinati a ricuperare un passato sommerso o in via di sommersione per proporre un’alternativa radicale a un presente disgregato e corrotto, convertendo la nostalgia in utopia e facendo dell’arcaico un nuovissimo progetto. Nella Commedia culmina quel sogno di integralitàche e tipico della cultura medievale, per cui filosofia,teologia e Rivelazione convergono nell’edificare la totalitàarmonica della verità.La costruzione a cattedrale del poema,la legge del numero perfetto che presiede alle micro e macrostrutture compositive(la partitura in tre cantiche,i33canti per ognuna di esse piùil canto introduttivo,il ternario metrico delle terzine,la distinzione di ognuno dei tre regni in nove zone),la rete delle rispondenze interne che segnala continuamente la dominanza del disegno architettonico sull’apertura all’infinito delle situazioni particolari:tutto congiura a produrre il senso di un’unitàdell’opera che corrisponde all’unitaria visione del mondo caratteristica del razionalismo universalistico medievale.1)RISPONDETE(CIRCA50PAROLE PER OGNI DOMANDA)(25punti)a.PerchéDante si intitola il poema Commedia,spiegate in vostre parole.b.Perchéla Commediaèconsiderata ultima summa?c.Da quali tre mondi sono composti dalla Commedia,chièla guida per Dante?d.Secondo te,che simbolo ha la guida di Dante?e.Che la Commedia allegoricamente rappresenta secondo te?2)TRADUCETE IN CINESE(25punti)La Divina Commedia,èun poema di Dante Alighiri,scritto in terzine incatenate di versi endecasillabi,in lingua volgare posta secondo i critici tra il1304e il1321,anni del suo Commediaèl'opera piùcelebre di Dante, nonchéuna delle piùimportanti testimonianze della civiltàmedievale;conosciuta e studiata in tutto il mondo,èritenuta la piùgrande opera della letteratura di tutti i tempi.3.SCRIVETE(50punti)Che ne pensi di Commedia?Scrivete un testo su Commedia(circa300parole).。

北京外国语大学(已有10试题)

北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002英语新闻业务与新闻学基础知识2006——2009国际新闻2010国际法学专业（无此试卷）外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002中国外语教育研究中心外国语语言学及应用语言学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）文化语言学2007语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002外国文学所英语语言文学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英美文学1995——2010（2002——2008有答案）英美文学（外国文学所）2009英美文学文论与文化研究（外国文学所）2010英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）美国社会文化研究1990，1995——2010（1990有答案）英国社会文化研究1995——2010澳大利亚研究1995——2010英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002德语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德国外交经济2000——2005德国文学2001——2005德语翻译理论与实践2000——2005基础德语2000——2005德语教学法2004——2005德语跨文化经济交际2000——2005德语语言学2000——2005国际问题研究所外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002社会科学部外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002国际商学院外交学专业综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002俄语学院俄语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）俄罗斯社会与文化2002——2003，2005俄罗斯文学2002——2005俄语翻译2004俄语翻译技巧2002翻译理论（俄语专业）2003俄语翻译理论与实践2005俄语基础2004——2005俄语语言学基础理论2002——2004现代俄语语言学2005俄语综合2002法语系法语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）欧洲语言学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德语系德语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）德国外交经济2000——2005德国文学2001——2005德语翻译理论与实践2000——2005基础德语2000——2005德语教学法2004——2005德语跨文化经济交际2000——2005德语语言学2000——2005日语系日语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）日本社会文化2004（日语系）日本语言文学2004（日语系）以下试卷为日研中心试卷，仅供参考：专业日语2009（2009有答案）基础日语1997——2006，2008——2009（2000——2006，2008——2009有答案）日本概况2003——2005（2003——2005有答案）日本社会1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本社会经济2008（2008有答案）日本社会日本经济2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本文化1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学日本文化2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语言1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本语教育2008（2008答案）日本语言日本教育2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语学2008（2008有答案）综合考试（日语专业）1997——2002（2000——2002有答案）日研中心日语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）专业日语2009（2009有答案）基础日语1997——2006，2008——2009（2000——2006，2008——2009有答案）日本概况2003——2005（2003——2005有答案）日本社会1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本社会经济2008（2008有答案）日本社会日本经济2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本文化1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学1997——2004，2008（2000——2004，2008有答案）日本文学日本文化2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语言1997——2004（2000——2004有答案）日本语教育2008（2008答案）日本语言日本教育2005——2006（2005——2006有答案）日本语学2008（2008有答案）综合考试（日语专业）1997——2002（2000——2002有答案）西葡系西班牙语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）西班牙语基础2003——2004（其中2004年的试卷共12页，缺P11-12）西班牙语专业2003——2004欧洲语言学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）阿语系阿拉伯语语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）欧洲语系欧洲语言文学专业二外英语1997——2003（2000——2003有答案）亚非语系亚非语言文学专业（无此试卷）国际交流学院语言学及应用语言学专业比较文学概论2004海外汉学2003——2004现代汉语1999古代汉语1999综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002综合考试（含古代汉语、古代文学、现当代文学）2001中国历史文化2001历史文化综合1999——2000语言学与应用语言学专业综合2000语言学及现代汉语2000——2001比较文学与世界文学专业比较文学概论2004海外汉学2003——2004中国古代文学专业综合考试（含古代汉语、古代文学、现当代文学）2001高翻学院外国语语言学及应用语言学专业二外法语1995——2009二外德语1995——2009二外日语1995——2009二外俄语1995——2009二外西班牙语1998——2009二外法语（MTI）2010二外德语（MTI）2010二外日语（MTI）2010二外俄语（MTI）2010二外西班牙语（MTI）2010基础英语1995——2010（2000——2009有答案）基础英语（外研中心外语教育、外国语言专业）2007——2010英汉互译（同声传译）（高翻学院）2009——2010英汉同声传译（高翻学院）1998——2008（2002——2005有答案）英、汉互译（笔译）（英语学院）2009英语翻译理论与实践（英语学院）1997——2008，2010（2000——2001，2003——2005有答案）复语同声传译专业试卷（高翻学院）2009——2010英语翻译基础（MTI笔译方向）2010汉语写作与百科知识（MTI笔译方向）2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（笔译）2009——2010翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）英汉互译（口译）2009——2010英汉对比与翻译2001高级翻译1995——1997外语教育2008——2009英语教育2002——2007外语语言研究方向专业试卷2008英语综合1985，1995——2002（1985有答案）语言测试2002——2007普通语言学2007普通语言学、外语教学2004——2006（2004——2005有答案）普通语言学及应用语言学（外研中心）2010句法、第二语言习得2003综合考试（含国际政治、汉语）2000——2002英语语言学和应用语言学1995——2010（注：1995——1997年称“英语应用语言学”）（2002——2009有答案）。

北京外国语大学意大利语言文学考博参考书目导师笔记重点

北京外国语大学意大利语言文学考博参考书目导师笔记重点一、专业的设置、导师及招生计划学科、专业名称研究方向研究领域指导教师招生人数050209欧洲语言文学（欧语学院）意大利语言文学意大利语言文学王军1-2二、初试考试内容学科、专业名称研究方向研究领域初试考试科目外国语专业科目一专业科目二050209欧洲语言文学（欧语学院）意大利语言文学意大利语言文学二外(俄语、法语、德语、日语、西班牙语任选一种）意大利语基础意大利文学三、关于北京外国语学院考博注意事项（一）报考类别，包括以下两种类型：①非定向：录取后没有保持人事关系的正式工作单位，读博期间个人人事档案及户口转入学校（户口是否转入自愿），毕业后在国家政策指导下自主择业。

②定向：录取后仍与本人所在工作单位保持人事工作关系，读博期间个人人事档案及户口不转入学校，毕业后回定向单位工作。

（二）学习年限：学校博士研究生均须全日制脱产学习。

有工作单位的考生，读博期间可与工作单位保持人事工作关系，但在培养期内必须全日制脱产学习。

学校不招收业余制博士生班。

学校博士研究生基本学习年限为3年。

（三）复试要求1、英语语言文学专业要求用英文撰写攻读博士研究生的研究计划（3—5页），请在复试时提交纸版。

2、复试形式和考核内容：以口试为主；复试主要是对学生的学科背景、专业素质、外语口语水平、思维能力、创新能力等进行考察。

被复试人应向复试组陈述个人科研经历和成果介绍、对拟从事研究领域的了解和看法、本人拟进行的研究工作设想及理由等。

在满足上述基本要求的基础上，复试内容及具体要求由各专业自定。

复试时间原则上不少于30分钟。

3、关于复试权重：外国语学院考生初试成绩所占权重为70%，复试成绩所占权重为30%。

考生总成绩包括两部分，即初试成绩、复试成绩。

4、关于录取：复试结束后，各专业根据考生总成绩名次（按方向排名）提交建议拟录取名单，经外国语学院复试与录取工作领导小组审定后上报研究生院招生办审批。

北京外国语大学欧洲语言文学—意大利语文学(欧语学院)考博招生介绍—考试内容—考试指南

40课时授课+12课时练习
三、考前押题
A 班：2月20日-22日 B 班：3月6日-8日
24课时授课+8课时模考
第4页共8页

中国考博辅导首选学校
秉承“高能高分，实力至上”的原则主要授课内容有： 1、导学规划；2、听力技巧和方法 3、考博单词精讲精练，特别是形近词、意近词和固定搭配的重点突破 4、常考语法讲解；5、完形填空精讲讲练；6、阅读理解 360 透析法及其它技巧和方法； 7、翻译“631”法以及其它技巧和方法；8、作文“厚重、灵动、美观”法及其它注意事项； 9、模拟考试、10 、预测押题
所选课程为考博英语特别保录班与专业课定向保录班。经过近三个月高强度
的辅导学习，顺利考入中科院数学院就所。
学员四、
张广超：中国矿业大学大学资源与安全工程学院博士
简介：育明考博 14 届优秀学员，硕士毕业于中国矿业大学资源与安全工程
学院。2013 年 12 月份进入育明考博辅导课程，所选课程为考博英语一对一。
都会再版更新。可以联系育明考博购买邮寄，或在全国各大书店及卓越亚马逊及当当
网下单。
附录：育明考博课程设置（之一）——英语全程班
阶段课程一、基础夯实
开Байду номын сангаас时间 A 班：8月21日-25日 B 班：9月12日-17日
课时 40课时授课+12课时练习
二、强化提升
A 班：10月3日-7日 B 班：11月7日-11日 C 班：12月12日-16日
学员一、张立平：北京大学藏学研究院博士（在职）简介：育明考博优秀学员，硕士毕业于上海外国语大学。所选课程为北大
考博英语一对一班与专业课定向保录班。经过六个月辅导学习以当年度北大考博英语全校第一的成绩顺利考入北京大学教育院教育学原理专业。

北京外国语大学意大利语考研真题分析

北京外国语大学意大利语考研真题分析
北京外国语大学意大利语专业考研的专业科目分别为科目一：意大利语基础和科目二：意大利语专业。

科目一：意大利语基础
题型：填空题，阅读理解，翻译和作文
1.填空题
在意大利语基础中填空题占分值的30%—40%，非常重要。

主要考察时态配合的综合运用能力，难度适中。

2.阅读理解
阅读理解主要考察考生对于文章的理解能力，难度较为简单。

需要考生在阅读文章之后，根据文章中的信息回答问题，题目有考察文章整体方面，也有考察细节方面。

3.翻译
中翻意，难度适中。

中文字数在100—200字之间，内容涉及文学、社会和文化方面。

4.作文
难度较为简单，字数在100—120字之间。

作文只需要看清要求即可，切勿跑题。

科目二：意大利语专业
题型：问答题，阅读理解，翻译和作文
1.问答题
所占分值不大，难度中等，主要考察意大利文学史和历史。

2.阅读理解，翻译，作文
此三类题目完全是围绕同一篇文章的内容所出。

先要仔细阅读文章，阅读后根据题目再回到文中找相应的答案。

翻译题是从文章中摘取几段翻译成中文。

作文内容通常是在阅读文章后写读后感，注意避免出现低级语法错误。

总体来说，北外意大利语专业考试题目注重学生的平时积累，语法和阅读是考试重点，所以建议考生平时多巩固语法，多看语法书，多做题，多练笔，扩大词汇量，才是取得高分的窍门。

北京外国语大学2005年语言学考研真题

北京外国语大学2005年语言学考研真题考试科目：语言学和应用语言学1.Examine the following two statements about language, and discuss the similarities anddifferences between them. Do you agree with the two statements? Explain your answer （25 points ）1)Sapir (1921:Language): “Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method ofcommunicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols”(p.8).2)Bloch and Trager (1942:Outline of Linguistic Analysis): “A language is system of arbitraryvocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates”(p.5)2.What are phonemes, phones and allophones? Explain their relationship with examples fromEnglish or Chinese .(15 points)3.Is it possible to separate semantics and pragmatics? Why or why not? What are theimplications of your answer for second language teaching?(30points)4.It has been noticed that Chinese learners of English tend to make mistakes in the marking ofpast tense , even at the advanced level of proficiency. What do you think are the possible causes of this problem? How call the language teachers help solve this problem and why?(30 points)5.Look at the following real newspaper headlines and explain why they are consideredunambiguously.(20points)(1)Complaints about NBA Referees Growing Ugly(2)Milk Drinkers Are Turning to Power(3)Two Sisters Reunited After 18 Years at Checkout Counter(4)Enraged Cow Injures Farmers with Ax(5)Safety Experts Say School Bus Passengers Should Be Belted6.In interpreting utterances such as （1）and (2) , the hearer generally treats the eventsdescribed in the two sentences in each group as causally related even though such relationship is not encoded in the meanings of the sentences. That is, the hearer tends to Think that Helen fell on the ground because of Tom‟s pushing and that the vase broke because it was dropped.Explain why. (30 points)(1)Tom pushed Helen. Helen fell on the ground.(2)Peter dropped the vase. It broke.参考答案1.Similarities:1)Both definitions stick to the fact that language is primarily a matter of speech because theprimary medium of language is sound. Sapir illustrates this idea by implying that the produced symbols are the auditory and Bloch Trager by explicitly using the word …vocal‟. 2)Both definitions allude to the fact that the association between the words and the things thatthey denoted is rarely inherent , Sapir by using the word …symbols‟ and Bloch and Trager by placing emphasis on …arbitrary‟ and …symbols‟.Differences:1）Sapir‟s definition emphasize that language relates to communication between human beings.It‟s very different from the communication systems of other creature，such as bird songs and bee dances. Bloch and Trager do not clearly indicate this property, only saying that it is possessed by a social group.2）Sapir also considers that language is …non-instinctive‟and …voluntarily produced‟. Thus for him language does not include such instinctive forms of communication as smiling and cries of pain，etc. However, Bloch and Trager‟s definition do not include this feature.3）The element …system‟ in Bloch and Trager‟s definition reflects the fact that language provides us with the framework for generating appropriate utterances rather than providing us with an infinite store of ready-made utterances. Still elements of lacunae are combined according to rules.4）The function of language is indicated differently in two definitions. Sapir sees language as for communicating ideas, emotions and definition proposes …communication‟as the principal function of language and specifies what is communicated; Bloch and Trager only vaguely points out that language can be used for co-operation.Each of the two definitions has its own special emphasis, and is not totally free from limitations. We think the two definitions grasp some defining properties of language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication, for example, …vocal‟, …arbitrary‟, …symbol‟, …purely human‟, …a system‟. But either has some limitation. As for Sapir‟s definition, whether one considers language to be instinctive or not is an issue. Language is instinctive in so far as we are all born with a predisposition to speak, we all acquire a language without tuition and when we speak we do not consciously convert our thoughts into speech. Language is, however, non-instinctive in that we can choose what to say or whether to say anything at all. Both the definition‟s description of language‟s function is not precise. Sapir‟s definition confines language only to communicating ideas, emotions and desires, and Bloch and Trager‟s definition does not point it out at all.2. A phoneme is a minimally distinctive set of sounds in a language that can signal a difference in meaning. It is an abstract phonological unit represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context. A phone is an individual phonetic unit or segment that occurs in speech. The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones. Each of the set of phones which correspond to a single phoneme of a language is called an allophone. Phonemes are placed between slant lines (//)and phones are placed between square brackets ([]). Allophones of the same phoneme generally occur in different contexts and never distinguish one word from another. For example, when we pronounce the two words peak and speak, we are aware that the sound [p] is pronounced differently, in the word peak, the sound [p] is pronounced with a strong puff of air stream; but the same step sounds is pronounced slightly differently in the word speak, the puff of air is withheld a little. The [p] sound in peak is called an aspirated [ph] and the [p] sound in speak is an exasperated [p=]. There is a slight difference in the way they are pronounced, but such a difference does not give rise to difference in meaning. So /p/is a phoneme in the English sound system, and it can be realized differently as aspirated or exasperated in different contexts. The phoneme/p/in English can be realized as aspirated [ph] and unaspirated [p=], which are allophones of the phoneme/p/.3. Though both semantics and pragmatics have something to do with the meaning of language,and link language to the world, we think it is possible to separate semantics and pragmatics in linguistic study. Semantics is the study of literal meaning of linguistic expression, particularly meaning of words, phrases and sentences. In using the term sense rather than reference, the focus of semantics is on the way people relate words to each other within the framework of their language. Pragmatics starts from the observation that people use language to accomplish many kinds of acts, broadly known as speech acts；thus it is the study of how to do things with words or of the meaning of language in context. This kind of meaning in pragmatics is usually referred to as speaker‟s meaning, utterance meaning, or contextual meaning. Its interpretation depends more on who the speaker of the sentence is, who the hearer is, when and where it is used. Thus the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is clear: the former is more closely related to the words used, the more constant, inherent side of meanings; the latter is more closely related to the context, the more indeterminate side, or something extra.The first implication for second language study involves the appropriate use of target language. The teaching of a foreign language in a classroom involves two types of instruction: one is informational and analytical and can be diagrammed on the axis of general semantic information about the language. But language learning also has a crucially important skill component, which involves the development of the ability to use the language, actively through speaking and writing and passively through listening and reading. This is the pragmatic turn in second language teaching. The language use should be analyzed in relation to the context of communication, and that language teaching and learning should focus on the appropriate use of the target language, oral and written, according to situational and wider social context.The second implication is concerned with vocabulary learning and translation. The learning of second language‟s vocabularies involves the understanding and memory of their meanings. Because of the differences between the first and second language‟s culture, there may be no corresponding meaning underlying the same sayings. Teachers should explain the different usage or implication of the target language‟s items. This is of much importance for cross-cultural translation practices.4．Tenses are one of the most different aspects for Chinese to master because of the non-inflection nature of the Chinese language in English, the different forms of the verb can tell us whether something is happening in the present or in the past. This information is technically termed as tense. The tense is shown by adding related morphemes at the end of the verb. So the learners can judge the tense easily by looking at the different verb forms. However, the Chinese verb does not have a well defined past, present or future tense. In writing or in speaking, the Chinese verb in the sentence does not necessarily inform the reader or listener as to whether they are referring to the past, present or future. Therefore, Chinese often places prepositional, phrases, as well as conjunctive adverbs (e.g. Mandarin Chinese le, guo) that indicate time at the front of the sentence so as to inform the speaker or the reader of the appropriate tense. The different ways of expressing the tense cause Chinese learners of English tend to make mistakes in the marking of tense. When translating into English, Chinese writers sometimes forget that English has a well-defined past /present /future verb tense. Therefore, the unconscious tendency of placing several prepositional or other phrase that indicate time at the front of the sentence is often redundant or they might neglect using different tense form of verb. Another factor which contributes to the difficulties is the difference in the concept of time of Chinese as compared to native speakers of English. Different concepts of time of non-native speakers with those of native speakers contribute to theirdifficulties in learning the English tenses.As the learning of tense, Chinese learners faced with a totally new set of classification of time situation that have no counterpart in their own native language. So in teaching English tenses teachers have to explain English time attributes thoroughly rather than assuming L2 learners will understand them as long as they have acquired the rules. For example, past tense is used for situations which are less probable, or more remote. A lot of Chinese do not have this concept and teachers should spend time in clarifying this to them. Teachers can also allow learners to understand the meanings of the two broad types of English and Chinese tense and their differences in teaching Chinese learners. Through the comparison of different ways of expressing tense, the teacher can provide the students a clear framework and then students will take special notice in using verb associated with tense.5.（1）There are two kinds of comprehension of this headline: the first is “Complaints about NBA Referees are Growing Ugly.” this with nominal group as the subject and present tense verb is modifying …complaints‟: the second is “Complaints about NBA Referees Who Are Growing Ugly”, thus the whole headline is a nominal group and the present tense verb modify …NBA Referees‟. We think the first interpretation is the intended meaning, thus the original headline is revised to “Complaints about NBA Referees Are Growing Ugly”.(2)The word …powder‟is ambiguous in meaning here, because it can imply the drug or medicine in the form of powder. Thus in order to be clear in meaning, the original headline can be revised into “Mike Drinkers Are Turing to Milk Powder”.(3)There are two kinds of interpretation of this headline: the first is “two sister reunited at checkout counter after 18 years of separation.”The second interpretation is that “two sisters reunited after they have been in checkout counter for 18 years.”The more reasonable meaning could probably be the first one. Therefore, the original headline can be revised into “Two Sister Reunited At Checkout Counter After 18 Years.”(4)There are two kinds of interpretations of this headline: the first is “ Enrages Cow Injures Farmer Who Is With Ax” thus the prepositional group is modifying the compliment …farmer‟; the second is “Enraged Cow Which Is With Ax Injures Farmer”thus the prepositional group is modifying the subject …enraged cow‟. However, according to the common sense, the second interpretation doesn‟t occur naturally, and we think the first interpretation is the intended meaning. The original headline can be revised to “Enraged Cow Injures Farmer who is with Ax”.(5) The word …belt‟is ambiguous in meaning because it can mean the act of hitting or blowing hard. Thus the original headline can be revised into “Safety Experts Say School Bus Passengers‟ Safety Belt Should Put on Safety Belt.‟6.The phenomenon described can be illustrated by the theory of cohesion and coherence in discourse analysis, especially the conjunctive kind of cohesive relation. Text processing requires inferences for establishing coherence between successive sentences. The achievement of coherence partly through grammatical device and partly through lexical cohesion.Conjunction is one of the grammatically cohesive relations. It is based on the assumption that there are forms of systematic relationships between sentences in the linguistic system. Conjunction can be realized by some conjunctive words and some adverbs, such as so, but, furthermore, and so on. But in fact, the conjunctive relation between the discourse need not be realized by conjunctive words, as can be seen in these two examples.Yet it is not enough for the text to have connections between elements, there is also thecoherence which distinguishes connected texts which make sense from those which do not. It enables people to make sense of what they read and hear, and then try to arrive at an interpretation which is inline with their experience of the way the world is. In fact, our ability to make sense of what we read is probably only a small part of that general ability we have to make sense of what we experience or perceive in the world.Therefore, by the coherence which helps us to connect the discourse with the world we experience, we the hearers will tend to make the discourse fit in some situation which could accommodate all the details, and just as in the two examples ,the causal conjunctive relations are established.。

北京外国语大学02年语言学考研真题

北京外国语大学2002 年语言学考研真题考试科目：语言学和应用语言学1.Displacement, arbitrariness, cultural transmission, discreteness and dualityare sometimes listed as the 6 core feature of human language. Choose 3 out ofthe 6 and explain with examples what they mean. (12 points )2.Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kindof relationships hold between the two. (10 points )3.In deriving new words via a prefix such as mi-, there seems to be someconstraint on what is permitted. The words in the first column below areacceptable formation, but the forms in the other columns are not. Work outwhat the rules might be for making new adjectives with the suffix mis- (18points )Misadventure mishappymismilkMisjudgementmismealmissadMisplacemisglad miswordMistrustfulmisrulemiscrazing what you know about Grice ’scooperative principle and its four maxims,analyze the following short exchange. (20 points )同事甲：小张昨晚去哪儿了？同事乙：今天早上我看见一辆白色富康停在小林家门口。

意大利语a1语言测试题及答案

意大利语a1语言测试题及答案意大利语A1语言测试题及答案1. 选择正确的意大利语单词填空：- Il ________ è una persona molto simpatica.A. ragazzoB. ragazzaC. uomoD. donna- La mia ________ è un cane.A. gattoB. caneC. uccelloD. cavallo- ________ è la mia amica.A. LuiB. LeiC. LoroD. Essi2. 用正确的意大利语动词形式填空：- Io ________ (mangiare) la pizza.- Tu ________ (bere) l'acqua.- Lui ________ (andare) a scuola.- Nostri amici ________ (studiare) l'italiano.3. 翻译下列句子：- "I love Italy" in Italian is:A. "Amo l'Italia"B. "Amo Italia"C. "Mi piace l'Italia"D. "Mi piace Italia"- "Do you speak Italian?" in Italian is:A. "Parli italiano?"B. "Parli l'italiano?"C. "Parla italiano?"D. "Parla l'italiano?"4. 完成对话：- A: Ciao, come stai?- B: ________A. Bene, grazieB. Male, grazieC. Bene, non grazieD. Male, non grazie- A: Dove ________?B: A Firenze.A. seiB. staiC. viviD. abiti5. 阅读以下短文并回答问题：- "Mi chiamo Marco, ho 20 anni e abito a Roma. Mi piace molto la musica e suono la chitarra. Oggi, andrò al cinema con i miei amici."- Quanto anni ha Marco?A. 21B. 20D. 18- Cosa fa Marco?A. BallaB. Suona la chitarraC. DisegnaD. Legge答案：1.- A. ragazzo- B. cane- B. Lei2.- mangio- bevi- va- studiano3.- A. "Amo l'Italia"- A. "Parli italiano?"4.- A. Bene, grazie- C. vivi5.- B. Suona la chitarra。

北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2012年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2013年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2014年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2015年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解2011年北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心外国语言学及应用语言学真题及详解I. Briefly explain the following terms. (20 points)1．perlocutionary act【答案】According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act illocutionary act perlocutionary act. A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance. Thus, by saying “Morning!” the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.2．minimal pair【答案】Minimal pairs are the two words which are identical in every way except for one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string. For example, the English words bear and pear constitute a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/.3．distinctive feature【答案】The distinctive feature refers to a property which distinguishes one phoneme from another. For example, “voicing” is a distinctive feature, since it plays an important role in distinguishing obstruents in English.4．linguistic variable【答案】Linguistic variable are those where the meaning remain constant but form varies like cat and pussy have the same social meaning but different form. So far pronunciation is concerned house [h] and with [h] has same social meaning with different pronunciation. Here variables are just the tools to analyze the language to set social dimensional society.5．lingua franca【答案】It is a language that is used for communication between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. The lingua franca couldbe an internationally used language of communication (e. g. English), it could be the native language of one of the groups, or it could be a language which is not spoken natively by any of the groups but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or more languages.II. Answer the following questions. (30 points)1．Why do we say linguistics is a science? (10 points)【答案】Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It tries to answer the basic questions “What is language?” and “How does language work?” Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g. English, Chinese, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies languages in general.It is a scientific study because it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure. In order to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system, what the linguist has to do first is to collect and observe language facts, which arc found to display some similarities, and generalizations are made about them; then he formulates some hypotheses about the language structure. But the hypotheses thus formed have to be checked repeatedly against the observed facts to fully prove their validity. In linguistics, as in any other discipline, data and theory stand in a dialectical complementation; that is, a theory without the support of data can hardly claim validity, and data without being explained by some theory remain a muddled mass of things.（此题考查语言学作为一门学科其科学性，此题开放性试题，从其研究内容及方法角度作答即可。

2017年北京外国语大学俄语翻译硕士考研专业课辅导、考研真题解析、模拟试题

北京外国语大学俄语翻译硕士考研信息复习经验经验指导1、抓住重点，快速复习2、建立框架，系统复习3、明确背诵，精确记忆4、区分主次，结合热点5、模拟训练，名师批阅6、押题模考，一战封侯一、考试科目：1、思想政治理论2、翻译硕士英语3、俄语翻译基础4、汉语写作与百科知识★★★★★育明教育解析：选择北外俄语翻译硕士的同学要注意，北外初试就有对于二外的考查，难度也是比较大的，对于二外的选择是固定的，就是对于英语的考查，这点提醒大家在备考俄语的同时不能忽视对于英语的练习，平时要多注意英语知识、英语词汇的积累。

分数线：2016年思想政治理论、翻译硕士英语单科分数是53分两门专业课（俄语翻译基础、汉语写作与百科知识）215分总分350分2015年思想政治理论、翻译硕士英语单科分数是52分两门专业课（俄语翻译基础、汉语写作与百科知识）200分总分345分2014年思想政治理论、翻译硕士英语单科分数是55分两门专业课（俄语翻译基础、汉语写作与百科知识）221分总分350分★★★★育明教育解析：从分数线上看，北外俄语翻译硕士对于思想政治理论和翻译硕士英语的要求相对比较稳定，过线就可以，但是同学们尽量把分数提高，在总分上占有优势，两门专业课北外有单独的划线，这几年的分数线基本在200——220分左右，从这看出北外对于专业课是十分看重的，同学们一定要认真准备，认真的对待，这也是拉开距离的地方.参考书：翻译硕士英语：《新编大学英语》(1-5册），浙江大学编著，外语教学与研究出版社《新编大学英语语法》黄建滨，邵永真，外语教学与研究出版社俄语翻译基础蔡毅等编：《俄译汉教程(增修本)》上册，外语教学与研究出版社，2006年。

2、周允、王承时编：《汉译俄教程》，外语教学与研究出版社，1981年｡3、吴克礼主编：《俄苏翻译理论流派述评》(下编)，上海外语教育出版社，2006年｡汉语写作与百科知识《汉语写作与百科知识》（李国正）《翻译硕士真题汇编》+《翻译硕士考研手册》育明教育《中国文化读本》（叶朗）《应用文写作（第四版）》（夏晓鸣）《高考满分作文》育明教育解析：第一本太厚了，要学会开始挑重点看，也就是看上去比较符合北外出题风格的知识点。

北外考研二外日语真题

北外考研二外日语真题北外考研二外日语真题北外考研二外日语真题一直是备战考研的学生们关注的焦点之一。

作为中国最具权威性的语言考试机构之一，北外的考试一直被认为是对学生语言能力的一次全面检验。

而对于选择日语作为二外考试的学生来说，掌握北外考研二外日语真题是非常重要的。

北外考研二外日语真题的特点是多样性和难度适中。

在真题中，不仅包含了听力、阅读、写作等各个方面的题目，还涉及了日语语法、词汇等基础知识的考察。

这样的综合性考试对于考生来说是一次全面检验，也是对学生日语学习效果的一次检验。

在听力部分，北外考研二外日语真题通常会设置多个听力材料，包括对话、短文等。

题目涉及到日常生活、学术知识、新闻报道等多个领域。

通过听力材料的理解和对问题的准确回答，考生的听力能力得到了很好的考察。

在阅读部分，北外考研二外日语真题的文章内容也是多样化的。

题目涉及到社会、文化、科技等不同领域的文章，旨在考察考生对不同主题的理解和分析能力。

同时，阅读部分还会考察考生对日语语法和词汇的理解和应用能力。

在写作部分，北外考研二外日语真题通常会要求考生根据给定的主题进行写作。

写作内容涉及到个人经历、社会问题、文化差异等多个方面。

考生需要通过写作来展示自己的语言表达能力和思维逻辑能力。

写作部分是考生进行自我表达的重要环节，也是考察考生综合能力的重要一环。

掌握北外考研二外日语真题对于备战考研的学生来说是非常重要的。

通过熟悉和分析真题，可以帮助考生了解考试的难度和内容，有针对性地进行备考。

同时，通过解答真题，可以帮助考生发现自己在语法、词汇等方面的不足，有针对性地进行复习和提高。

然而，仅仅掌握北外考研二外日语真题还不足以保证考生的高分。

备战考研需要学生在平时的学习中注重积累和提高。

学生需要通过大量的阅读、听力练习和写作训练来提高自己的语言能力。

同时，学生还需要注重对日语语法和词汇的系统学习和掌握，以便在考试中能够灵活运用。

总之，北外考研二外日语真题是备战考研的学生必备的重要资料。

北京外国语大学英语语言学真题2013年.doc

北京外国语大学英语语言学真题2013年(总分：149.92，做题时间：90分钟)ⅠBriefly explain the following terms. （分数：50.00）(1).affix（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).inflection（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).mood（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).modality（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).interlanguage（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).language transfer（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).speech act（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).verbal behavior（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).co-operative principles（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).vernacular（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ⅡRead the following passage and then answer questions.Alice Kaplan grew up in Minnesota in the 1960s. In her 1993 book, she tells the story of the development of her unconditional, life-long affiliation with French. Her memoirs begin at the age of eight, when her father, a Jewish lawyer who prosecuted Nazi war criminals at Nuremberg, died. Kaplan explains that she felt a deep connection between feeling the loss of her father and feeling different from others in her pursuit of French: "Learning French was connected to my father, because French made me absent the way he was absent , and it made me an expert the way he was an expert" (p.203-4). She began studying French in grade 5, and at the age of 14 attended a French immersion summer programme in Maine. The two formative experiences , however, were a year abroad in a French-medium school in Switzerland at the age of 15, while still in high school, and another academic year abroad in Bordeaux three years later, while she was a French literature undergraduate. Her interest was always as intense for French culture as it was for the French language: "Even in beginning French classes, you know there was a French beyond the everyday , a France of hard talk and intellect" (p.138). By the end of the two full-year study abroad experiences, a complete self-identification with the new community and culture had taken place. She later became a French language teacher and eventually completed a doctorate in French. To this day, Kaplan is committed to a life in which both French and English play prominent roles.（分数：39.97）(1).What does "French made me absent the way he was absent" mean?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What is "a French immersion summer programme"?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________(3).What are formative experiences?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).What is "a French-medium school"?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).What does Kaplan mean when she says "there was a French beyond the everyday"?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).What does "the new community and culture" refer to? What is meant by "a completeself-identification" with it?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).What does Kaplan"s success story illustrate?（分数：5.71）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ⅢRead the following article and then do two tasks.Smoothing the Path from Foreign Lips to American EarsIt is a complaint familiar to millions of alumni of research universities: the master"s or doctoral candidate from overseas, employed as a teaching assistant, whose accent is too thick for undergraduate students to penetrate.To help solve this problem, increasingly sophisticated software programs have been developed to analyze and critique speech . One program, NativeAccent, which became available three years ago, has been adopted by more than 100 universities. Briju Thankachan, an Indian graduate student here in instructional technology , has spent hundreds of hours using NativeAccent. The software can isolate hundreds of pronunciation issues and even show animations of how to position parts of the mouth for each sound."Every morning I would hear him repeating things over and over into the computer, and you could hear him getting better," said Mr. Thankachan"s wife, Betsy J. Briju, a visiting assistant professor in plant biology.The comprehension problem is far from solved. Even at an institution like Ohio University, with an unusually robust remedial program , undergraduate students say they have run intohard-to-understand teaching assistants."You get better at understanding after a while, and they"re willing to talk it over again, but it can be hard," said Karen Martinez, a sophomore from Chicago.The university"s efforts to address the accent problem date to the 1980s. Every foreign student"s command of spoken English is assessed on arrival, and each year about 300 go through the improvement program, part of the linguistics department. In classes, the students learn to break language into individual sounds, forcing them to be aware of how each part of the mouth is positioned to make a particular bit , while instructors contort their faces and touch their tongues to drive home the point . Students take sentences apart to learn rhythm, emphasis, pauses and rising and falling pitch—elements that can convey as much information as words."Many people come here without having learned intonation at all," said Lara Wallace, a lecturer in linguistics. "Everything comes out in a flat monotone, which makes an accent even harder to understand."Students are assigned to practice in computer labs, using the speech analysis software, and —possibly the most unpopular exercise—recording audio or video of themselves speaking. They have to transcribe those recordings verbatim , with every pause, false start , repetition or "um" noted.（分数：59.95）(1).Answer the following questions.What does "critique speech" mean?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________(2).What kind of technology is "instructional technology"?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Which two words can be used to replace the two underlined words in " isolate hundreds of pronunciation issues "?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).What does the word "position" mean in "position parts of the mouth"? Which "parts" are involved?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).What does the word "things" refer to?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).What kind of program is a "remedial program" and what is meant by "robust." (ibid.)?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).What does the word "bit" refer to?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).What is "intonation"?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).Which phrase can be used to replace "verbatim" ?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).What is a "false start"?（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (11).Write a short essay in approximately 300 words about the issue of pronunciation and intonation for foreign learners of English.（分数：5.45）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

北京外国语大学考研意大利语基础真题样题

北京外国语大学研究生入学考试意大利语基础样题3PLETATE IL TESTO CON LE PAROLE GIUSTE,UNA PER OGNI SPAZIO.(30punti)Circa35anni fa,quando ero un ragazzo,1-(vivere)a Ferrara una signorina ebrea niente affatto brutta,népovera,nésciocca,nématura-non specialmente appetibile,se vogliamo,peròneanche da buttar via-alla quale,per strano che ciòpossa sembrare, la famiglia non2-(riuscire)a trovare un marito.Strano?Ebbene sì,strano.Nell'ambito della nostra comunità,la cosa presentava,a quell'epoca,tutti i caratteri dell'eccezione. Utilizzando,per solito,le reti delle parentele e delle affinità;ma anche le adunanze delle signore dell'A.D.E.I.3-(potere)servire bene allo scopo;e cosìle feste da ballo che,sotto Purìm,4-(tenersi)in alcuni locali annessi al Tempio di via Mazzini,o nel salone d'ingresso dell'Asilo infantile israelitico di via Vignatagliata,feste presenziate da folte,bisbiglianti file di matrone,5-(sedere)lungo le pareti a fare tappezzeria.La bicicletta,per combinare il diritto alla mobilitàcon il diritto alla salute di bicicleta,una scelta di civiltàda promuovere tramite una rete di piste ciclabili(1) uniscono la periferia al centro e che si integri con i(2)di trasporto pubblico.Una scelta di civiltàda incoraggiare con una serie(3)piccoli interventi di facile attenzione. Una scelta da sostenere e salvaguardare con una drastica(4)del traffico inquinante e il forte incremento delle zone pedonali.Fare la coda,trovare un parcheggio,non trovarlo,prendere una multa,fare ancora una coda,(5)un altro parcheggio introvabile.Ma(6)veramente sicuri che l’automobile ci porti rapidamente(7)destinazione?Sicuramente ci porta stress rendendo la(8) invivibile.E anche per chi si(9)in motorino i problemi non mancano.Spostarsi(10) piedi o in bicicletaèinvece un’esperienza rilassante e che,probabilmente,ci fa pure guadagnare un po’del nostro prezioso tempo.2.LEGGETE E COMPLETATE LE DOMANDE(50punti)Bisogna risparmiareBisogna risparmiare sono le parole che il vecchio avvocato ripete spesso durante la giornata!Le ripete quasi per paura di dimenticarle,col rischio di perdere il controllo del denaro che ha accumulato tutta la vita.La veritàèche l'avarizia dell'avvocatoèsenza limite;sarebbe capace di soffrire le pene dell'inferno,pur di non spendere un soldo!E'molto ricco,èproprietario di terreni e di appartamenti,maècontinuamente ossessionato dall'idea della miseria e vede attorno soltanto gente che sciupa il denaro,che non pensa all'avvenire,che dilapida patrimoni.Vive con lui il figlio sposato ed ha un nipotino cheèuna meraviglia,ma la nuoraèuna donna che non conosce il valore del denaro!Appena il bambino fa Ahi chiama subito il medico e sono quattrini che volano tra visite e medicinali.Poi risulta che il bambino ha un semplice raffreddore!Quante medicine,quanti sciroppo!Quegli sciroppi costano tanto e vengono spesso lasciati nelle bottiglie a metà!Il povero avvocatoècostretto a bere sciroppi di ogni genere,a prendere la pillole che la nuora compra e poi abbandona nei flaconi dentro i cassetti.Non puòtollerare che le medicine si debbano gettare via,quindi prende tutto! Ha preso perfino le piccole per la gravidanza.E la mania del figlio di comprare il giornale tutti i giorni?SI potrebbe chiederlo in prestito al professore che abita accanto;quando il professore l'ha letto,che cosa se ne fa del giornale?Se le notizie si leggono il giorno dopo,che cosa si perde?In tutto il palazzo ci si potrebbe mettere d'accordo e comprarne una sola copia per tutti!Ma questo significherebbe aver cura del denaro;invece il mondoèpieno di sciuponi. Senza contare che il risparmio ha anche un valore morale;ma non tutti lo capiscono. Certamente non lo capisce sua nuora,che va spesso dal parrucchiere e paga per farsi rovinare i capelli!Non lo capisce suo figlio,che compra scarpe e vestiti come se dovesse andare ogni giorno ad una festa!.Lui ha un cappello da trent'anni ed un vestito da vent'anni,col vantaggio che sono tornati di moda senza averli cambiati mai! Ma queste cose i giovani non le possono capire ed i negozianti si arricchiscono alle spalle dei poveri stupidi.Ora da tre giorni l'avvocatoèa letto con la febbre alta ed una tosse violenta che gli squassa il petto,ma non vuole sentire parlare di medico.Per una visitina di pochi minuti,secondo i suoi calcoli,pretendono il denaro che basterebbe a mandare avanti una famiglia per un'intera settimana!E'meglio sentire che cosa ha fatto lo scorso anno il suo vecchio amico,che ha avuto la stessa tosse.Il figlio e la nuora lo guardano molto preoccupati,ma lui,tra un colpo di tosse e l'altro, dice imperterrito:Passerà!Col suo denaro non dovràarricchirsi néil medico néil farmacista!Si sente infelice soltanto perché,la sera,non puògirare per le stanze e spegnere la luce,che figlio e nuora distratti lasciano sempre accesa!La tosse,con un po'di pazienza,passerà! SCEGLIERE LE FRASE GIUSTE SECONDO IL TESTO(8punti):a.L’avvocato ripete le parole“bisogna risparmiare”per fare a suo figlio nondimenticarle.b.Secondo l’avvocato,la nuoraèuna donna che non conosce bene il valore deldenaro.c.L’avvocato prende le medicine perchéèammalato.d.Il figlio compra il giornale tutti i giorni. moda qualche voltaètornata.f.L’avvocato prende la febbre e vuole andare dal medico.g.Il figlio e la nuora alla fine capiscono bene i comportamenti dell’avvocato econoscono il valore del denaro.h.L’avvocato crede che la sua tosse passeràfra poco.I numeri delle frase giuste sono1)TRADUCETE IN CISENE(12punti):Senza contare che il risparmio ha anche un valore morale;ma non tutti lo capiscono. Certamente non lo capisce sua nuora,che va spesso dal parrucchiere e paga per farsi rovinare i capelli!Non lo capisce suo figlio,che compra scarpe e vestiti come se dovesse andare ogni giorno ad una festa!.Lui ha un cappello da trent'anni ed un vestito da vent'anni,col vantaggio che sono tornati di moda senza averli cambiati mai! Ma queste cose i giovani non le possono capire ed i negozianti si arricchiscono alle spalle dei poveri stupidi.2)RISPONDETE ALLE DOMANDE(30punti):a.Cosa fa l'avvocato pur di non sprecare le medicine non finite?Che ne pensi?e mai l'avvocato non vuole sentire parlare di medico quando sta molto male? Sei d'accordo con lui?c.Secondo l’avvocato,cosa si potrebbe fare per risparmiare i soldi con i giornale?d.Puoi capire i comportmenti dell’avvocato?e.Secondo te,cosa significa risparmiare?3.TRADUCETE IN ITALIANO(20punti)罗马的巴洛克代表的不是一个，而是多个历史，他们主要围绕着市政和建筑空间展开，其中绘画、雕塑、乃至所谓的实用艺术都对“艺术的绝妙合成”起到了举足轻重的作用，而这种“含成”正是贝尼尼本人为了概括视觉艺术的结合而提出的模式，它可以被视巴洛克在内的整个十七世纪罗马艺术文化的特征。

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