无线电能传输

Frequency dependence of magnetic flux profile in the presence of metamaterials for wireless power

transfer

Boopalan G

School of Electronics Engineering

VIT University

Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

boopalan@vit.ac.in

Subramaniam C K School of Advance Sciences VIT University Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India subramaniam@vit.ac.in

Abstract— We discuss the change in the magnetic flux profile by introducing a negative refractive index material (metamaterial) in between the source and receiver. The environment parameters, ε and μ , has a significant effect on the propagation of electromagnetic wave. The behavior of Transverse Magnetic (TM) wave when the medium in the path of propagation is changed to negative permittivity and permeability is simulated and discussed. The effect of size, shape and anisotrophy of the metamaterials, for near-field regions, on the magnetic flux density has been studied using finite element analysis. An enhancement in the magnetic flux density when a metamaterial is introduced in between the source and receiver was observed. The results show that the static and quasi-static behavior of the system is same.

Keywords—metamaterials, quasi static, magnetic flux transverse magnetic

I.I NTRODUCTION

The idea of charging on the go is an exciting option for various high power applications like Electric Vehicle. Wireless power charging can be done by radiative or non-radiative processes. Use of microwave and optical frequencies falls into the radiative category while non-radiative process refers to the near-field domain. This concept was put forward by Nikola Tesla when he invented an apparatus for transmitting electrical energy wirelessly [1]. Later, with the advent of microwave transmission technology in 1960’s researchers dreamed power transfer from satellite space station to earth [2]. For short distances inductive coupling is very convenient [3-4]. The enhancement in coupling efficiency is obtained by replacing coils with resonators [5-7]. The efficiency can further be improved by introducing a negative refractive index material between the source and the receiver [8-12]. The negative refractive index material or metamaterial has the unique property of enhancing the evanescent as well as non-evanescent waves [10].

In this paper we present the magnetic flux density variations for quasi-static scenarios when a metamaterial is introduced in between the source and the receiver. The model used for simulation is a 2-dimensional one as we are interested only in the profile in that direction which is in the direction of propagation.

II.T HEORY

Our system consists of a source, receiver and a metamaterial as shown in fig. 1. The source is a circular loop of radius ‘a’ located in free space. The receiver is a point of interest ‘P’ where the magnetic flux density enhancement is observed. The metamaterial in between the source and the receiving point is a rectangular block which enhances the magnetic flux density at the point ‘P’. The transmitter is a single turn coil carrying current ‘I’ which in turn generates the magnetic field H in the surrounding medium. The magnetic field H at a distance ‘z’ from the center of the coil is given by

I

(1)

The coil is fed with a current of ‘I’ amperes as given by the equation below

I . (2)

Fig. 1. Schematic of Wireless Power transfer

y

x

z