非谓语动词用法辨析

非谓语动词用法辨析

(一)非谓语动词在句中的成分

不定式几乎可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分，动名词起名词的作用。现在分词和过去分词起形容词和副词的作用。

(二)非谓语动词在同一成分中用法的辨析

1．做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。

Looking after children is her job.

To clean the classroom is his job today.

2．做宾语：

I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.

(1)．有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。

He refused to speak on the radio.

He desired to see you．

(2)．.有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的"依据往事或经验来作出理解和判断"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。

短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等

短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.

She can't stand having nothing to do at home.

His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.

All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.

It's no good learning without practicing.

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.

She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.

(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如；like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start.

The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.

I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.

注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。

When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.

After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：

A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义：

Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.

I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

Don't forget to write to me soon.

I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.

I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事)

I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.

I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)

B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是

I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings，

I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.

Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.