词性转换规律

一．形容词变副词规律小结
二．名词复数的变化规律
1、规则变化
1) 一般情况直接在词尾加-s . 如：chair—chairs；apple—apples；grape—grapes；
2）以s、sh、ch、x等结尾的词加–es .如：bus—buses；watch—watches；box—boxes；brush —brushes
3）以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y 为i 再加es，baby—babies；city—cities；family—families 4）以f或fe结尾的将f或fe直接换成ves. 如：knife—knives；thief—thieves；shelf—shelves 2、不规则变化
1）没有规律的变化。

如：child—children；foot—feet；tooth—teeth；mouse—mice；
woman—women等。

2）单复同形。

如：deer—deer；sheep—sheep；fish—fish；yuan—yuan；tofu—tofu；
pork—pork等。

3）以o结尾的名词有的加es有的加s. 如：potato—potatoes；tomato—tomatoes；Hero—heroes 二、动词第三人称单数的变化规则
1）直接在动词后+s. 如：like—likes；play—plays；read—reads；get—gets；help—helps；
ski—skis等。

2）以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词：+es. 如：wash—washes；wacth—watches；teach—teaches；
brush—brushes等。

3）以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es. 如：go—goes；do—does等。

4）以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es. 如：fly—flies；study —studies；carry—carries；
sky—skies等。

末尾字母y前为元音字母的，直接在动词后面加-s. 如：play—plays；say—says
5）特殊变化。

如：be—is；have—has等。

这些没有规律，需要加强记忆。

三、动词现在分词-ing形式的构成
1）一般情况在动词原形后加-ing . 如：go—going；stand—standing；climb—climbing等。

2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing. 如：write—writing；hope—hoping；care—caring 3）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing. 如：die—dying，tie—tying等。

4）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复. 如：run—running；
stop—stopping；hop—hopping；plan—planning；star—starring；但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）。

如：tax—taxing，relax—relaxing等。

5）以-ee，-oe，-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e. 如：see—seeing；hoe—hoeing；eye—eyeing 6）-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing. 如：panic—panicking；
picnic—picnicking
三．动词变名词小结
1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:
A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder, thrill _ thriller
B. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorer , dance _ dancer
C. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, travel _ traveler
D. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor
2. 在词尾加ing:
build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,
swim _ swimming，skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,
mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing，surf _ surfing, paint _ painting
3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:
A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production,
celebrate _ celebration, pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decoration
graduate _ graduation, frustrate - frustration, pollute _ pollution
contribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,
educate _ education，organize _ organization, donate _ donation,
appreciate _ appreciation，operate _ operation, invite _ invitation
B. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attraction
impress _ impression, inject _ injection, instruct _ instruction
4.其它：
know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment, practice _ practice，die _ death,
succeed _ success, weigh _ weight, sit _ seat, change _ chance，enter _ entrance, fly _ flight,
rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery，fail _ failure, appear _ appearance, breathe-breath
四．动词变形容词小结
1.词尾加ful:
use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful, thank – thankful, peace - peaceful,
forget - forgetful, play - playful, succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful
2.词尾加d或ed:
please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited, surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed, wound - wounded, relax - relaxed, develop - developed, appreciate - appreciated, frustrate - frustrated, interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used, frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled, pollute - polluted
3.词尾加ing:
interest - interesting, surprise - surprising, excite – exciting, develop - developing,
frighten - frightening, thrill – thrilling, frustrate - frustrating, relax _ relaxing,
live – living, rock - rocking, sleep – sleeping
4.词尾变y为i,加ed:
worry - worried, marry - married, fry - fried, terrify – terrified, satisfy - satisfied 5.词尾加able:
know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyable, suit – suitable, adjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable
6.其它：
lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - lively / alive /living,
sleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep, wake - awake, taste - tasty
speak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - educational, world - worldwide 五、人称代词的变化形式。