英语报关实务总复习

Successful Attempt
**在发生共同海损是，提单持有人如何自愿做出牺牲呢？提单背面的共同海损条款！
Payment in International Trade (Week 6-7)
The 3 basic methods of payment in international trade.
2.Evidence of contract of carriage（运输合同的证明）
3.Document of title（物权凭证）
Bill of Lading is mainly divided into “To Order” Bill of lading(指示提单) or Straight Bill of lading（记名提单）。目前，国际上主要使用的提单是指示提单，记名提单比较少。
With the banker’s form, a bill of exchange is issued by the seller (beneficiary) and paid by issuing bank or collecting bank.贸易汇票是银行格式，是由发货人（受益人）签发，经议付行/托收行背书，由开证行/代收行支付的银行文件。
收货人负责运输，收货人自己安排运输工具到贸易双方指定的地点接收货物，并为运输途中的货物购买保险。发货人负责把货物装到收货人指定的运输工具上即完成交货。FCA多用于集装箱运输。
FOB,CIF,CFR和FCA条款的风险转移。货物在运输途中的风险都是在货物越过船舷或装上运输工具时，转移给收货人。Risks of cargo loss or damage pass from seller to buyer when the cargo pass the ship’s rail at load port or is loaded onto buyer’s conveyance under FCA.
One set of Original "Certificate of Weight“
or One set of Original “Certificate of Quantity”
One set of Original "Certificate of Analysis/Quality”
One set of Original "Certificate of Origin“
International Trade Terms
(week 2)
INCOTERMS 2000 or INCOTERMS 2010 is the international convention issued by ICC（国际商会）, giving definition of international trade terms.
Natural Calamity (the act of god) (源自海洋的天灾，如风暴、海啸等)
Perils of the sea（人力不抗也属于natural calamity）
Fortuitous accidents (人类在海洋活动中意外事故，如船舶搁浅等)
General Extraneous Risks（非源自海洋的意外事故，不是人的因素
发货人负责运输，发货人自己负责安排运输船舶装货，并把货物送到收货人指定的卸货港（目的地）码头，并要为运输途中的货物购买保险，收货人只需要在目的地的船舶舱底收货，卸货费和风险由收货人自己承担。
CFR=Cost & Freight到岸价。It is the seller to be responsible for transportation. The seller needs to arrange ships and load and carry the cargo to unloading port nominated by buyer. The buyer is responsible for arrangement of insurance for the cargo loaded on board and unloading the cargo at destination at the cost and risks of buyer.
Documentary collection（跟单托收）
Documentary Credit (Letter of Credit)（跟单信用证）
including Stand-by Letter of Credit（备用信用证，也叫担保信用证）
在托收和信用证结算中，都使用贸易汇票
Trade Bill of Exchange is applied in collection and documentary credit.
期末考前总复习
Bills of Lading（Week 1）
Bill of lading is the main shipping document in international trade.
The 3 functions of bill of lading（提单的三大功能）
1.Receipt of Goods loaded on board a ship(船上收到货物的收据)
Extraneous Risk致的意外事故）
Special Extraneous Risks（因人的社会或商业活动导致的意外事故）
Risks may mean Loss. (有风险就意味着有损失)
Actual total loss（实际全损）
Total loss
Loss（全损）Constructive total loss（推定全损）
注意:课堂所教的三种付款方式与课本不同，请复习老师课件上的内容。
Payment in advance (预付货款)
Remittance（汇款）
Payment after cargo arrival（货到付款）
Clean collection（光票托收）
3 methods collection（托收）
信用证或跟单托收所需要审核的单证主语是：
Commercial Invoice in triplicate, issued by Seller
Complete set (3/3) of "Clean on Board" Ocean Bill of Lading duly endorsed.
Packing Lilect Customs duties, taxes & fees.
清洁已装船提单是发货人用于凭提单办理银行结汇，不清洁及货物没有装船的提单，银行不受理。
Bills of Lading have a set of three original copies. And one copy being accomplished, others to be void.提单通常一式三份正本，一份办理了提货，其余的即失效。
投保时通常是按照货物的CIF价格投保110%，即全损时，保险公司赔偿110%。
Particular Average单独海损（单独的利益，损失单独承担）
Common perils or danger (cargo, ship, crew)
General Average共同海损(的三个条件) Voluntary Sacrifice
INCOTERMS的中文名称：《跟单信用证统一管理解释通则》
国际贸易中常用的贸易术语：FOB, CIF, CFR, FCA
制定贸易术语是为了确定买卖双方谁负责办理运输和购买保险，以及运输的风险的转移等。
FOB= Free on board离岸价。It is the buyer to be responsible for transportation. The buyer needs to arrange ships to loading port nominated by seller and to arrange insurance for the cargo loaded on board. The seller is responsible for loading the cargo into the holds of the vessels nominated by buyer.
Partial Loss（部分损失）
The 3 basic coverage of insurance in international trade贸易中主语的三种险别（coverage）
FPA (Free from Particular Average)平安险（基本险）
Main coverage: WPA (With Particular Average)水渍险
Free In & Free Out / Free In and Out = FIO船方不负责装卸货，也不承担费用
Liner In & Liner Out = LILO船方负责装卸货，并承担费用，但以船舷为界
Insurance (Week 5)
No risks = loss insurance
In cargo transportation, especially maritime transportation, the risks include:
收货人负责运输，收货人自己安排运输船舶到发货人指定的码头来装货，并为自己的货物购买保险。发货人只负责把货物装到收货人租的船舶舱底。
CIF=Cost, Insurance & Freight到岸价。It is the seller to be responsible for transportation. The seller needs to arrange ships and load and carry the cargo to unloading port nominated by buyer and to arrange insurance for the cargo loaded on board. The buyer is responsible for unloading the cargo at destination at the cost and risks of buyer.