全国管理类联考英语二真题及答案
管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析审批稿
管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析审批稿管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】2014年管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate andprofessional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a overweight aresometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590mThis is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for yourbuck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privi leged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, andapply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re ho t stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of them selves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberati on”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the resu lts of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enh ancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’sprofiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idea lized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual re cognition is believed to be people’s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusionsword “Viscerally”(Line 2, is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhance r’s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is thatTo some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by %.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments fromrevenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £ programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psyc hologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1. interpret the chart, and2. give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)1.【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2024全国公共英语二级考试真题及答案
2024全国公共英语二级考试真题及答案全文共10篇示例,供读者参考篇1Title: 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam Questions and AnswersHey guys, today I'm gonna share with you the questions and answers from the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam. Are you ready? Let's get started!Question 1: Write a short paragraph about your favorite hobbies.Answer: My favorite hobbies are playing soccer and painting.I love to run around the field with my friends and score goals. When I'm not playing soccer, I like to relax and paint colorful pictures. Hobbies are so much fun!Question 2: Use the words 'happy' and 'birthday' to form a sentence.Answer: My friend had a happy birthday party with lots of cake and presents. Birthdays are the best!Question 3: Fill in the blank with the correct word: My dog likes to _______ in the park.Answer: play. My dog likes to play in the park.Question 4: Which sentence is correct?A) She goed to the store.B) She went to the store.C) She go to the store.Answer: B) She went to the store.Question 5: What is the opposite of 'hot'?Answer: Cold. Hot and cold are opposites.And that's it for the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam questions and answers. I hope you all did well on the exam! Keep practicing your English and you'll get better and better. Good luck!篇2Title: My Experience with the 2024 National Public English Level 2 ExamHi everyone! I want to share with you guys my experience with the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam. It was super exciting and a little scary, but I think I did pretty well!First off, the test had four parts: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was my favorite because I love listening to stories and conversations in English. They played a bunch of audio clips and asked questions about them. I had to really concentrate and listen carefully, but I think I got most of them right!Next was the reading section. It had a bunch of passages and I had to answer questions about them. Some were easy to understand, but others were a little tricky. I had to read carefully and think about the best answer before circling it on the answer sheet.Then came the writing part. This was the hardest for me because I get nervous when I have to write essays in English. But I just took a deep breath and wrote about my favorite animal. I think I did okay, but I wish I had more time to think about what to write.Lastly was the speaking section. I had to talk to the examiner about my hobbies and what I like to do in my free time. I was a little nervous at first, but the examiner was really nice and mademe feel comfortable. I think I did pretty well and I even made the examiner laugh a few times!Overall, the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam was a great experience. I learned a lot and had fun challenging myself. I can't wait to see how I did when the results come out!That's all for now! Thanks for listening to my story about the test. Bye bye!篇3Oh my goodness, guys! Can you believe it?! I just got my hands on the 2024 National Public English Level 2 exam paper! And guess what, I'm gonna share the questions and answers with you all! So, sit tight and get ready for some English fun!Alright, let's start with the reading section. The first question is about a story of a boy named Tim who goes on an adventure. The question asks about Tim's favorite thing to do on weekends, which is camping with his friends. The answer is camping.Next, we have a passage about animals. The question asks about the animal that can fly and swim, which is a penguin. So, the answer is penguin.Moving on to the listening section, the first question is about a conversation between two friends planning a trip. The question asks about the friend's favorite destination, which is the beach. So, the answer is the beach.The second listening question is about a girl asking for directions to a restaurant. The question asks about the location of the restaurant, which is next to the supermarket. So, the answer is next to the supermarket.Lastly, let's tackle the writing section. The first question asks about your favorite season and why. Remember to write about your favorite season and give reasons why you like it.The second question is about your dream job. Make sure to describe your dream job and explain why you want to do it.And that's it, guys! I hope this helps you prepare for your exam. Remember to study hard and do your best! Good luck!篇4Hi everyone! Today I want to share with you the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam questions and answers. Are you ready? Let's get started!Question 1: Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: The cat ________ on the bed.A) sleepB) sleepingC) is sleepingD) sleepsAnswer: C) is sleepingQuestion 2: Fill in the blank with the correct preposition: My book is __________ the desk.A) onB) inC) underD) besideAnswer: A) onQuestion 3: Choose the sentence that is grammatically correct:A) She can swimming.B) He go to school every day.C) They is playing in the park.D) I like to play soccer.Answer: D) I like to play soccer.Question 4: Choose the synonym for the word "happy":A) sadB) angryC) delightedD) tiredAnswer: C) delightedQuestion 5: Choose the correct tense for the sentence: She _________ her homework yesterday.A) will doB) is doingC) didD) doesAnswer: C) didI hope these questions and answers help you prepare for the exam. Good luck, everyone! Remember to study hard and do your best. You can do it! Have a great day!篇5Hey guys, have you heard about the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam? It’s super important for us to prepare for it, so let’s check out some sample questions and answers together!Question 1:Choose the correct sentence:A. He go to school by bus.B. He goes to school by bus.C. He going to school by bus.Answer: B. He goes to school by bus.Question 2:Fill in the blank with the correct word:I _____ a new book yesterday.A. readB. readsC. readingAnswer: A. readQuestion 3:Which of the following is a synonym for “happy”?A. SadB. AngryC. JoyfulAnswer: C. JoyfulQuestion 4:Choose the correct form of the verb:She _____ (to dance) every day.A. danceB. dancesC. dancingAnswer: B. dancesQuestion 5:Correct the sentence:She don’t like oranges.Answer: She doesn’t like oranges.So, how did you do on the questions? Make sure to practice your English every day so you can do well on the exam. Good luck, everyone!篇6Title: My Experience of Taking the 2024 National Public English Level 2 ExaminationHey guys, guess what? I want to tell you all about my experience of taking the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Examination. It was so exciting and challenging at the same time!First of all, let me tell you about the exam format. The exam had four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was a bit tough because we had to listen to different recordings and answer questions about them. But I think I did pretty well because I practiced a lot at home.The reading section was my favorite because I love reading stories and answering questions about them. There were alsosome grammar questions which were a bit tricky, but I managed to figure them out.Next came the writing section, where we had to write an essay on a given topic. I wrote about my favorite hobby, which is drawing. I drew a picture of a beautiful beach and wrote about how drawing makes me feel happy and relaxed. I think the examiners will like it!Lastly, there was the speaking part, where we had to talk about a topic with the examiners. I talked about my last holiday trip to the mountains with my family. I shared all the fun activities we did and the amazing views we saw. It was so much fun!Overall, I think I did pretty well in the exam. I studied hard and practiced a lot, so I felt confident during the test. I can't wait to get my results and see how I did. I hope I pass with flying colors!So, that's my experience of taking the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Examination. It was a great challenge, but I enjoyed every moment of it. I can't wait to take more exams in the future and improve my English skills even more!篇7Title: My Experience with the 2024 National Public English Level 2 ExamHey everyone! Today I wanna share with you guys my experience with the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam. It was super fun and challenging at the same time, but I managed to ace it with flying colors!So first things first, the exam had different sections like listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening part was a bit tricky because they played different recordings and we had to answer questions about them. But I had practiced a lot beforehand so it wasn't too bad.The reading part was my favorite because I love reading stories and answering questions about them. The passages were interesting and the questions were not too hard. I made sure to read everything carefully before answering.Next came the writing section, where we had to write essays and letters. I gotta admit, I was a bit nervous because I wasn't sure if my grammar and spelling were correct. But I just went for it and wrote from the heart. I even added a funny story in my essay to make it more interesting!Last but not least was the speaking part, where we had to talk about different topics with the examiners. I was a bit shy at first, but they were super nice and made me feel comfortable. I talked about my favorite hobbies and why I love learning English. It was a great experience!Overall, I had a blast taking the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam. I learned a lot and had fun at the same time. And guess what? I passed with flying colors! I can't wait to keep improving my English skills and maybe even take the Level 3 exam next year. Wish me luck!That's it for now, guys. Thanks for listening to my experience. Remember, practice makes perfect! Bye for now!篇8Title: My Experience of Taking the 2024 National English Proficiency Test Level 2Hi everyone! Today I want to share with you my experience of taking the 2024 National English Proficiency Test Level 2. It was a super exciting day for me because I had been preparing for this test for a long time.The test had four sections: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The listening section was the first one, and I was a little nervous at first. But then I remembered to stay calm and just focus on the questions. I listened carefully to the recordings and answered the questions to the best of my ability.Next was the reading section, which I actually enjoyed a lot. I love reading, so I found this part of the test to be really fun. I read the passages carefully and answered the questions with confidence.After the reading section, it was time for the writing part. I had to write an essay about my favorite food, so I chose to write about pizza. I wrote about how much I love pizza and all the different toppings I like to put on it. I made sure to use good grammar and vocabulary to make my essay sound impressive.Finally, the last section was the speaking part. I had to talk about a topic given by the examiner, and I chose to talk about my favorite hobby which is drawing. I spoke confidently and tried to include as many details as possible.Overall, I had a great time taking the 2024 National English Proficiency Test Level 2. I felt like I did my best and I can't wait to see my results. I'm sure I did well and I'm already looking forward to preparing for the next test.That's all for now, thank you for listening to my experience! Have a great day, everyone!篇9Title: 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam and AnswersHey guys, guess what? I just took the 2024 National Public English Level 2 exam and I'm so excited to share with you all the questions and answers! It was a bit challenging but I managed to answer all the questions correctly. So check out the questions and answers below:Section 1: ListeningQuestion 1: What did the man buy at the supermarket?Answer: He bought some bananas and milk.Question 2: Where does the woman want to go on vacation?Answer: She wants to go to Hawaii.Question 3: What time does the train leave?Answer: The train leaves at 3:30.Section 2: ReadingQuestion 4: According to the passage, what is the main cause of air pollution?Answer: The main cause of air pollution is vehicle emissions.Question 5: How can people help reduce plastic pollution?Answer: People can reduce plastic pollution by using reusable bags and bottles.Question 6: What is the main idea of the passage?Answer: The main idea of the passage is to raise awareness about global warming.Section 3: WritingQuestion 7: Write a short paragraph about your favorite hobby.Answer: My favorite hobby is playing soccer. I love running around the field, kicking the ball, and scoring goals. It's so much fun and it keeps me active and healthy.Question 8: Write a letter to your pen pal in another country.Answer: Dear friend, I hope this letter finds you well. I wanted to tell you about my recent trip to the beach. The weather was sunny and the water was perfect for swimming. Ihad a great time building sandcastles and collecting seashells. I wish you could have been there with me. Hope to hear from you soon.I hope these questions and answers help you prepare for the 2024 National Public English Level 2 exam. Good luck!篇10Hello everyone!Today I'm gonna share with you the real deal about the 2024 National Public English Level 2 Exam! Yes, you heard it right, it's the juicy details about the test and the answers that can help you ace it!First off, let's talk about the format of the exam. You'll have to answer multiple choice questions, fill in the blanks, and write a short essay. The questions will test your listening, reading, and writing skills, so make sure you're prepared for everything!Now, let's move on to the answers. I'm not gonna give you all the answers (that would be cheating, right?), but I can give you some tips to help you out.For the listening section, make sure you listen carefully and pay attention to the key words. Sometimes the answer is right in front of you if you just listen closely enough!When it comes to the reading section, read the questions first before you start reading the passage. This way, you can focus on finding the answers as you read.And finally, for the writing section, make sure you write clearly and organize your ideas well. Don't forget to check your grammar and spelling before you finish.So there you have it, folks! Good luck on the exam and remember to study hard! Who knows, you might just be the next English superstar!。
2020年硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考英语二
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题S ection Ⅰ U se of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEER. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a differently sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger one.3 ,there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to4 :a patient. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still,5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 inevitable happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 back the clock and start over. We all been there.12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that i n a single moment of fatigue. you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your chil d’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotional regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children, I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B. pleasant C. instructive D. tricky2. A. in addition B. for example C. at once D. by accident3. A. fortunately B. occasionally C. accordingly D. eventually4. A. amuse B. assist C. describe D. train5. A. while B. because C. unless D. once6. A. answer B. task C. choice D. access7. A. tolerant B. formal C. rigid D. critical8. A move B. drag C. push D. send9. A. mysterious B. illogical C. suspicious D. inevitable10. A. boring B. naive C. harsh D. vague11. A. turn back B. take apart C. set aside D. cover up12. A. overall B. instead C. however D. otherwise13. A. like B. miss C. believe D. regret14. A. raise B. affect C. justify D. reflect15. A. time B. bond C. race D. cool16. A. nature B. secret C. importance D. context17.A. cheated B. defeated C. confused D. confronted18.A. terrible B. hard C. strange D. wrong19. A. trying B. changing C. exciting D. surprising20. A. hide B. emerge C. withdraw D. escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at runes to social signals from others so that identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment. The social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys. And opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and back’, yards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviors like communal exploring, and playing. This could lead to the rats betterremembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favor when get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. “We’d have to give it a moving head and rail, facial features. And put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary.”Says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings. Even when they display only simple social, signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,” says Wiles.21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats canA. I pick up social signals from non-living ratsB. distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC. attain sociable traits through special trainingD. send out warning messages to their fellow22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?A. It followed the social robotB. It played with some toysC. It set the trapped rats freeD. It moved around alone23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they .A. tried to practice a means of escapeB. expected it to do the same in returnC. wanted to display their intelligenceD. considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats .A. can remember other rat’s facial featuresB. differentiate smells better than sizesC. respond more to actions than to looksD. can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats .A. appear to be adaptable to new surroundingB. are more socially active than other animalsC. behave differently from children iii socializingD. are more sensitive to social cues than expected【答案】ADBCDText 2It is fashionable today to bash Big Business. And there is one issue on which the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much relative to workers), or that they rig others' pay, or that their pay is insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused by intense competition.It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation- -from the 350 largest such companies-now makes about $18.9 million a year.While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America' s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It' s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the Ú.S. economy.Today' s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to "run the company." CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done-which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deep skills of understanding.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of cooperationB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more research and developmentC. establish closer ties with tech companiesD. operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.A. continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC. conservative business strategiesD. repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.A. confirm the status of CEOsB. motive inside candidatesC. boost the efficiency of CEOsD. increase corporate value30.Themost suitable title for this text would be ___.A. CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC. CEOs' Challenges of TodayD. CEO Traits: Not Easy to De【答案】CDBDAText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Alineida made opposition to the zone a centerpiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines. Ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead. The zone’s future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious. And thereforevulnerable. That’s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers, who must pay fees or buy better vehicles-rather than on to the car manufacturers whose clearing is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It’s not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year’s mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in ’10:1 as he intends. It is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It’s not that measures such as London’s Ulez are useless. Far from it, Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents “health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments-Brit ain’s and others acro ss Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars our of certain areas-city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimize pollution. we’re doing everything bur insist that manufacturers clear up their cars.31. Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?A. Its effects are questionable.B. It has been opposed by a judge.C. Its fate is yet to be decided.D. It needs tougher enforcement.32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?A. They are biased against car manufacturers.B. They prove impractical for city councils.C. They are deemed too mild for politicians.D. They put too much burden on individual motorists.33. The au thor believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will .A. arouse strong resistance.B. ensure Khan’s electoral success.C. improve the city’s traffic.D. discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A. Local residentsB. Mayors.C. Councilors.D. National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .A. will raise low-emission car productionB. should be forced to follow regulationsC. will upgrade the design of their vehiclesD. should be put under public supervision【答案】DDADBText 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring-the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995. Give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it’s been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before then.If “entitled”is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995). The catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them.Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years. Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008. When many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren’t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record Sl.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one). Followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring______A. are recognized for their abilities.B. are optimistic about the labor market.C. are in favor of office job offers.D. are drawing growing public attention.37. Generation Zs are keenly aware________A. What their parents expect of themB. How valuable a counselor’s advice isC. What a tough economic situation is likeD. How they differ from past generation38.The word “ assuage” (line 9 paragraph 2) is closet in meaning to .A. deepenB. defineC. maintainD. relieve39. It can be learned from Para. 3 that Generation 2s____A. care little about their job performanceB. give top priority to professional trainingC. think it hard to achieve work-life balanceD. have a clear idea about their future job40. Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation ZS are______.A. less realisticB. less adventurousC. more diligentD. more generous【答案】DABDBPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(4l-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, don’t hide information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others’ shoes.Five ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office’? Think about how tough it is toget together 15 people. Much less 50.who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day arid you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41. 。
mba英语二试题及答案
mba英语二试题及答案一、阅读理解(共20分,每题4分)阅读下列短文,然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
AIn recent years, the popularity of online shopping has surged, leading to a significant increase in the demand for delivery services. Companies like Amazon and Alibaba have beeninvesting heavily in logistics to meet this demand. However, the growth of e-commerce has also raised concerns about the environmental impact of the delivery sector.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The growth of e-commerce.B) The demand for delivery services.C) The environmental impact of delivery services.D) Investment in logistics by major companies.2. According to the passage, what has led to the increase in demand for delivery services?A) The rise in popularity of online shopping.B) The expansion of logistics companies.C) The concern for environmental impact.D) The investment in delivery infrastructure.BThe role of technology in education is becoming increasinglysignificant. With the integration of digital tools and platforms, students can access a wealth of information and resources that were previously unavailable. This has the potential to enhance learning experiences and improve educational outcomes.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of technology in education.B) The availability of digital resources for students.C) The potential impact of technology on learning.D) The history of digital tools in classrooms.4. What is the potential benefit of using technology in education according to the passage?A) It can save time for students.B) It can improve educational outcomes.C) It can reduce the cost of education.D) It can increase the number of resources available.二、完形填空(共20分,每题2分)阅读下面的短文,从短文后各题所给的选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
管理学英语2试题及答案
管理学英语2试题及答案一、选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a successful manager?A. Effective communication skillsB. Strong leadership qualitiesC. Inability to delegate tasksD. Ability to motivate a team2. The term "SWOT analysis" stands for:A. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, ThreatsB. Strategic, Weaknesses, Opportunities, TacticsC. Situational, Weaknesses, Opportunities, TacticsD. Specific, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats3. In a business context, "B2B" refers to:A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Society4. The process of setting goals and making plans to achieve them is known as:A. Strategic planningB. Operational planningC. Financial planningD. Human resource planning5. A company's "mission statement" typically includes:A. The company's long-term financial goalsB. The company's purpose and core valuesC. The company's market share targetsD. The company's product line6. Which of the following is an example of a financial ratio?A. Return on Investment (ROI)B. Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E)C. Debt-to-Equity Ratio (D/E)D. All of the above7. The acronym "CEO" stands for:A. Chief Executive OfficerB. Chief Executive AssistantC. Chief Executive AnalystD. Chief Executive Accountant8. In project management, "PERT" is a method used for:A. Risk assessmentB. SchedulingC. Cost estimationD. Quality control9. The "5S" methodology is commonly used in:A. Financial managementB. Inventory managementC. Quality controlD. Workplace organization10. The "balanced scorecard" is a tool used for:A. Measuring financial performance onlyB. Evaluating a company's overall performanceC. Tracking daily salesD. Monitoring employee productivity二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)11. The acronym "HR" in business typically refers to ________.12. A ________ is a document that outlines the steps to be taken to achieve a project's goals.13. The process of identifying and solving problems is knownas ________.14. In marketing, "4Ps" stands for Product, Price, Place, and ________.15. The term "blue ocean strategy" refers to creating a new market space that is not in direct competition with existing________.16. A ________ is a person who is responsible for the overall financial health of a company.17. The "Theory X" and "Theory Y" were proposed by Douglas McGregor to describe different management styles regarding employee ________.18. The "Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs" is a psychologicaltheory that explains human motivation in terms of a hierarchy of ________ needs.19. In business, "outsourcing" refers to the practice ofhiring another company to perform ________ that were traditionally performed in-house.20. The "Porter's Five Forces" model is used to analyze the competitive forces within an ________.三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)21. Explain the concept of "corporate social responsibility" (CSR).22. What are the key components of a strategic plan?23. Describe the role of a project manager in a business setting.24. Discuss the importance of effective communication in a team environment.四、案例分析题(每题10分,共20分)25. Case Study: ABC Company is facing a decrease in sales. The management team is considering various strategies to improve the situation. Analyze the situation and suggest possible strategies based on the SWOT analysis.26. Case Study: XYZ Corporation has recently implemented a new performance management system. Describe the potential benefits and challenges of such a system and how it can impact employee motivation and performance.五、论述题(每题15分,共30分)27. Discuss the impact of globalization on management practices and how companies can adapt to this changing landscape.28. Elaborate on the concept of "emotional intelligence" in leadership and its significance in today's business world.六、答案一、选择题答案1. C2. A3. A4. A5. B6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. B二、填空题答案11. Human Resources12. Project Plan13. Problem-solving14. Promotion15. Competition16. CFO (Chief Financial Officer)17. Motivation18. Basic19. Tasks20. Industry。
2019年MBA联考英语真题及解答
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语(二)试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often , this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 ,Weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That was counterproductive to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training regimen. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to provide information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale,turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. trash B. overlook C. conceal D. report12. A. approve of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. A. features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on answer sheet.(40 points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends – and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosaically.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its closecousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help__________.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. intensify a child’s positive feelingsD. foster a child’s moral development22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be _________.A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide weproduce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California’s plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _A. forests may become a potential threatB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. global climate change may get out of control27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to __A. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityB. strike a balance among different plantsC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. preserve the diversity of species in them28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to __A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. fin more effective ways to kill insectsC. reduce the density of some of its forestsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5?A. To carry it out before the year of 2020B. To handle the areas in serious danger firstC. To perfect the emissions-permit auctionsD. To obtain enough financial support30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as __ _A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. cautiousD. supportiveText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either----not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren't allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied bymeasures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workersD. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is ?A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back farmingC. To use more robots to grow high-value cropsD. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA .slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower VS. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concernsand stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our governments to lead the combat39. De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost- effective approachD. a top down process40 .The author concludes that individual effortsA. Can be too aggressiveB. are far from sufficientC. can be too inconsistentD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:you are going to read a list of headings and a text, choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home, Camille Mc Clain’s kids have a single demand a backyard. That seemingly reasonable request turned the Chicago family’s home hunt upside down, as there weren’t many three-bedroom apartments on the North Side — where the family was looking — that came with yard space. Still, McClain and her husband chose to honor their 4- and 6-year-old’s request.“We worked with a few apartment brokers, and it was strange that many of them didn’t even know if there was outdoor space, so they’d bring us to an apartment, we’d see that it didn’t have a yard, and we’d move on,” said McClain, who runs Merry Music Makers in Lakeview, a business focused on music education for children.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.Renters paid attention to their kids’ preferences even more: 83 percent said their children’s opinions will be a factor when they buy a home.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home — without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York and author of the upcoming children’s book “Home,” about the search for the perfect home from the viewpoint of a child.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home — or asking them where their toys would go in the house — will make them feel like they’re beingincluded in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.She has a client who has been house-hunting for a while, and he always asks his young children their opinion. But when this buyer finally decided to write an offer on a home with a pool, his children burst into tears because they didn’t want a pool.“They ended up not submitting an offer,” Hampson said. “So speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”The other issue is that many children — especially older ones — may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, which tend to focus on superficial aspects of real estate, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change comes some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said. And while their opinions on those elements shouldn’t reign supreme, the home buying process could be a time to start talking to kids about money, budgeting, homeownership and other financial decisions.“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “As as harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best — and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Today, wannabe homebuyers have to be more open when it comes to must-haves and what you can compromise on, Hampson said.And speaking of compromise: The McClain kids, hungry for outdoor space, fell in love with a home in the North Park neighborhood that had a large yard. But it wasn’t ideal by their parents’ standards.The family ended up renting a house in North Center that had a smaller yard, but it was still big enough for playtime.“I had to do a bit of a sales job with the kids since they loved the yard in North Park,” McClain said. “But there’s a hammock they lounge on, a spot to jump rope, a place to play in the sprinkler, and an area to write with sidewalk chalk.”A. notes that aspects like children’s friends and socialactivities should be considered up on homebuying.41. Ryan Hopper B. Believes that home buying should be based on children´s need´s rather than their opinions.42. Adam Bailey C. Assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.43. Tracey Hampson D. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges tochildren.44. Aaron Norris E. says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.45. Julie Garner F. advise that home purchase should not be based only on children’s opinions.G. thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.Section III Translation46. Directions: In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he have to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reason, and2) tell him about your arrangement.You should write about 100 words neatly on your ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48. Directions: in this sections, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart:(1)interpret the chart, and(2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET .(15 points )68.10%26.30%13.00%60.70%34%24%就业升学创业某高校2013和2018年本科毕业生去向统计201320182019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语(二)参考答案Section I1~10: CDAAC ADCBB10~20: ACBDB CBDADSection IIPart A21~25: DCACA26~30: AACBD31~35: CDBAB36~40: BBDDBPart B41. D. remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.42. G. thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.43. F. advise that home purchase should not be based only on children’s opinions.44. C. Assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.45. B. Believes that home buying should be based on children´s need´s rather than their opinions.Section IVPart A小作文与邀请信和通知的具体内容不谋而合,其中间都是活动的具体细节内容。
考研MBA管理类联考英语二完形填空真题及答案
考研MBA管理类联考英语二完形填空真题及答案Would a Work-Free World Be So Bad?Fears of civilization-wide idleness are based too much on the downsides of being unemployed in a society premised on the concept of employment.A 1567 painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depicts a mythical land of plenty, where people grow idle in the absence of work. Wikimedia * Ilana E. Strauss* Jun 28, 2016 People have speculated for centuries about a future without work, and today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different, less paranoid, and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy anddepressed. Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans. Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction among poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many worry about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with malaise. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,”says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway who has written about a worldwithout work. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,”Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.Having a job can provide a measure of financial stability, but in addition to stressing over how to cover life’s necessities, today’s jobless are frequently made to feel like social outcasts. “People who avoid work are viewed as parasites and leeches,”Danaher says. Perhaps as a result of this cultural attitude, for most people, self-esteem and identity are tied up intricately with their job, or lack of job.Plus, in many modern-day societies, unemployment can also be downright boring. American towns and cities aren’t really built for lots of free time: Public spaces tend to be small islands in seas of private property, and there aren’t many places withoutentry fees where adults can meet new people or come up with ways to entertain one another.The roots of this boredom may run even deeper. Peter Gray, a professor of psychology at Boston College who studies the concept of play, thinks that if workdisappeared tomorrow, people might be at a loss for things to do, growing bored and depressed because they have forgotten how to play. “We teach children a distinction between play and work,”Gray explains. “Work is something that you don’t want to do but you have to do.”He says this training, which starts in school, eventually “drills the play”out of many children, who grow up to be adults who are aimless when presented with free time.“Sometimes people retire from their work, and they don’t know what to do,”Gray says. “They’ve lost the ability to create their own activities.”It’s a problem that never seems to plague young children. “There are no three-year-olds that are going to be lazy and depressed because they don’t have a structured activity,”he says.But need it be this way? Work-free societies are more than just a thought experiment—they’ve existed throughout human history. Consider hunter-gatherers, who have no bosses, paychecks, or eight-hour workdays. Ten thousand years ago, all humans were hunter-gatherers, and some still are. Daniel Everett, an anthropologist at Bentley University, in Massachusetts, studied a group of hunter-gathers in the Amazon called the Pirahã for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering work, hunter-gatherers don’t. “They think of it as fun,”he says. “They don’t have a concept of work the way we do.”“It’s a pretty laid-back life most of the time,”Everett says. He described a typical day for the Pirahã: A man might get up, spend a few hours canoeing and fishing, have a barbecue, go for a swim, bring fish back to his family, and play until the evening. Such subsistence living is surely not without its own set of worries, but the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins argued in a 1968 essay that hunter-gathers belonged to “the original affluent society,”seeing as they only “worked”a few hours a day; Everett estimates that Pirahã a dults on average work about 20 hours a week (not to mention without bosses peering overtheir shoulders). Meanwhile, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average employed American with children works about nine hours a day.Does this leisurely life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today’s unemployed? “I’ve never seen anything remotely like depression there, except people who are physically ill,”Everett says. “They have a blast. They play all the time.”While many may consider work a staple of human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of thousands of years of human culture. “We think it’s bad to just sit around with nothing to do,”says Everett. “For the Pirahã, it’s quite a desirable state.”Gray likens these aspects of the hunter-gatherer lifestyle to the carefree adventures of many children in developed countries, who at some point in life are expected to put away childish things. But that hasn’t always been the case. According to Gary Cross’s 1990 book A Social History of Leisure Since 1600, free time in the U.S. looked quite different before the 18th and 19th centuries. Farmers—which was a fair way todescribe a huge number of Americans at that time—mixed work and play in their daily lives. There were no managers oroverseers, so they would switch fluidly between working, taking breaks, joining in neighborhood games, playing pranks, and spending time with family and friends. Not to mention festivals and other gatherings: France, for instance, had 84 holidays a year in 1700, and weather kept them from farming another 80 or so days a year.This all changed, writes Cross, during the Industrial Revolution, which replaced farms with factories and farmers with employees. Factory owners created a more rigidly scheduled environment that clearly divided work from play. Meanwhile, clocks—which were becoming widespread at that time—began to give life a quicker pace, and religious leaders, who traditionally endorsed most festivities, started associating leisure with sin and tried to replace rowdy festivals with sermons.As workers started moving into cities, families no longer spent their days together on the farm. Instead, men worked in factories, women stayed home or worked in factories, and children went to school, stayed home, or worked in factories too. During the workday, families became physically separated, which affected the way people entertained themselves: Adults stopped playing “childish”games and sports, and the streets weremostly wiped clean of fun, as middle- and upper-class families found working-class activities like cockfighting and dice games distasteful. Many such diversions were soon outlawed.With workers’old outlets for play having disappeared in a haze of factory smoke, many of them turned to new, more urban ones. Bars became a refuge where tired workers drank and watched live shows with singing and dancing. If free time means beer and TV to a lot of Americans, this might be why.At times, developed societies have, for a privileged few, produced lifestyles that were nearly as play-filled ashunter-gatherers’. Throughout history, aristocrats who earned their income simply by owning land spent only a tiny portion of their time minding financial exigencies. According to Randolph Trumbach, a professor of history at Baruch College, 18th-century English aristocrats spent their days visiting friends, eating elaborate meals, hosting salons, hunting, writing letters, fishing, and going to church. They also spent a good deal of time participating in politics, without pay. Their children would learn to dance, play instruments, speak foreign languages, and read Latin. Russian nobles frequently became intellectuals, writers, and artists. “As a 17th-century aristocrat said, ‘We sit down toeat and rise up to play, for what is a gentleman but his pleasure?’”Trumbach says.It’s unlikely that a world without work would be abundant enough to provide everyone with such lavish lifestyles. But Gray insists that injecting any amount of additional play into people’s lives would be a good thing, because, contrary to that17th-century aristocrat, play is about more than pleasure. Through play, Gray says, children (as well as adults) learn how to strategize, create new mental connections,express their creativity, cooperate, overcome narcissism, and get along with other people. “Male mammals typically have difficulty living in close proximity to each other,”he says, and play’s harmony-promoting properties may explain why it came to be so central to hunter-gatherer societies. While most of today’s adults may have forgotten how to play, Gray doesn’t believe it’s an unrecoverable skill: It’s not uncommon, he says, for grandparents to re-learn the concept of play after spending time with their young grandchildren.When people ponder the nature of a world without work, they often transpose present-day assumptions about labor and leisure onto a future where they might no longer apply; ifautomation does end up rendering a good portion of human labor unnecessary, such a society might exist on completely different terms than societies do today.So what might a work-free U.S. look like? Gray has some ideas. School, for one thing, would be very different. “I think our system of schooling would completely fall by the wayside,”says Gray. “The primary purpose of the educational system is to teach people to work. I don’t think anybody would want to put our kids through what we put our kids through now.”Instead, Gray suggests that teachers could build lessons around what students are most curious about. Or, perhaps, formal schooling would disappear altogether.Trumbach, meanwhile, wonders if schooling would become more about teaching children to be leaders, rather than workers, through subjects like philosophy and rhetoric. He also thinks that people might participate in political and public life more, like aristocrats of yore. “If greater numbers of people were using their leisure to run the country, that would give people a sense of purpose,”says Trumbach.Social life might look a lot different too. Since the Industrial Revolution, mothers, fathers, and children have spent most oftheir waking hours apart. In a work-free world, people of different ages might come together again. “We would become much less isolated from each other,”Gray imagines, perhaps a little optimistically. “When a mom is having a baby, everybody in the neighborhood would want to help that mom.”Researchers have found that having close relationships is the number-one predictor of happiness, and the social connections that a work-free world might enable could well displace the aimlessness that so many futurists predict.In general, without work, Gray thinks people would be more likely to pursue their passions, get involved in the arts, and visit friends. Perhaps leisure would cease to be about unwinding after a period of hard work, and would instead become a more colorful, varied thing. “We wouldn’t have to be as self-oriented as we think we have to be now,”he says. “I believe we would become more human.”答案:1-5 CADAB 6-10 DCACC 11-15 CBADC 16-20 DABDB。
2024全国公共英语二级考试真题及答案
2024全国公共英语二级考试真题及答案2024 National Public English Level II ExamPart I - Listening ComprehensionSection A: Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 7:00. B. At 7:30. C. At 8:30. D. At 9:00.2. A. Clear. B. Warm. C. Cold. D. Rainy.3. A. The woman is going on vacation.B. The woman is leaving her job.C. The woman is meeting a friend for lunch.D. The woman is going to the doctor.4. A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a classroom. D. In a living room.5. A. By watching TV. B. By listening to the radio.C. By exercising.D. By using a computer.Section B: Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. The passages and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.6. Who is likely to be the speaker?A. A doctor.B. A teacher.C. An engineer.D. A scientist.7. Why is the man upset?A. The ticket is too expensive.B. The show has been postponed.C. The time of the show has been changed.D. The show has already started.8. What do we know about the Math exam?A. It lasts 90 minutes.B. It is easy.C. It is at 1:30.D. The speaker is looking forward to it.Part II – Reading Comprehension1. Choose the best answer for each question:Passage 1:The City of LightsParis, the capital of France, is known as the City of Lights. There are many famous buildings in Paris such as the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum. The city is also famous for its delicious food. In Paris, you can enjoy not only French cuisine, but also food from many other countries. The city is a popular destination for tourists from all over the world because of its rich history, beautiful architecture, and vibrant culture.1. Paris is known as the City of Lights because ________.A. it is very bright at nightB. there are many street lightsC. it is famous for its delicious foodD. it is known for its rich history and culture2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a famous building in Paris?A. The Eiffel TowerB. The Louvre MuseumC. The White HouseD. Notre Dame Cathedral3. Why is Paris a popular destination for tourists?A. Because it is very cheap.B. Because of its rich history, beautiful architecture, and vibrant culture.C. Because there are many famous buildings.D. Because of its delicious food.Passage 2:The Benefits of ReadingReading is not only a great way to unwind and relax, but it also has many mental and emotional benefits. Research has shown that reading can reduce stress and improve brain function. It can also increase empathy and improve emotional intelligence.Reading regularly can help you become a better communicator and thinker. So, pick up a book and start reading today!4. According to the passage, reading can ________.A. increase stressB. decrease brain functionC. reduce stress and improve brain functionD. decrease empathy5. Reading regularly can help you become a better ________.A. photographerB. communicatorC. chefD. athlete6. What is the main purpose of reading according to the passage?A. To increase stressB. To improve brain functionC. To relax and unwindD. To become a better thinker and communicatorPart III – WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “The Importance of Learning a Second Language”. You should write at least 150 words.Many people believe that learning a second language is essential in today’s glob alized world. Knowing a second language can open up many opportunities in terms of career advancement, cultural understanding, and personal growth. In addition, learning a new language can improve cognitive abilities and memory. For example, studies have shown that bilinguals have better focus and problem-solving skills. Overall, learning a second language is not only beneficial in terms of communication, but it also has positive effects on brain function and personal development.Sample AnswerIn t oday’s interconnected world, the ability to communicate in more than one language has become increasingly important. Learning a second language can provide individuals with a competitive edge in the job market, as many employers value language skills. Additionally, speaking a second language can help people understand and appreciate different cultures, thereby promoting tolerance and diversity. From apersonal perspective, learning a new language can be a rewarding experience that opens up a world of opportunities for travel, study, and social interaction. Moreover, research has shown that bilingualism can improve cognitive function and delay the onset of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Therefore, it is clear that learning a second language is not only beneficial for practical reasons, but it also has a positive impact on personal growth and well-being.Overall, the 2024 National Public English Level II Exam covers listening, reading, and writing skills, and tests a wide range of English language abilities. With practice and preparation,test-takers can improve their performance and achieve their desired scores. Good luck to all the participants in this year’s exam!。
管理类联考英语真题翻译答案2022年
治理类联考英语〔二〕翻译真题及答案2023 翻译Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has。
This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route。
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it shorter。
《英语(二)》考研真题
管理类专业学位全国联考英语(二)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, BC or D onANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 .Weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training regimen. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in weight 7 alerting your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2.A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3.A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4.A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5.A. set B. review C. reach D. modify6.A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7.A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8.A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9.A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10.A. though B. again C. indeed D. instead11.A. track B. overlook C. conceal D. report12.A. approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13.A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14.A. features B. rules C. tests D. results15.A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16.A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17.A. necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18.A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19.A. because B. unless C. until D. if20A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren't born knowing how to say “I'm sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeplyuncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated."There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other child's deprivation.“That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A.foster a child's moral developmentB.regulate a child’s basic emotionsC.improve a child's intellectual abilityD.intensity a child’s positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be .A.inexcusableB.deceptionC.addictiveD.burdensome23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A.emotions are context-independentB.an emotion can play opposing rolesC.emotions are socially constrictiveD.emotional stability can benefit health24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can bring about emotional satisfactionC.can result from either sympathy or guiltD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to .A.wrongdoingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees arealso better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed fromthe proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focu sed on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26.B y saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies thatA.global climate change may get out of controlB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks”, we may need toA.preserve the diversity of species in themB.accelerate the growth of young treesC.strike a balance among different plantsD.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors toA.cultivate more drought-resistant treesB.reduce the density of some of its forestsC.find more effective ways to kill insectsD.restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can be d escribed asA.ambiguousB.tolerantC.supportiveD.cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They're also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it's been all along: Native U.S, workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn't the answer, either-not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they're automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 201I to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process iscumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more thana decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.C.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D.Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce isA.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the aging of immigrant farm workersD.the lack of experienced laborers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A.To get native U.S. workers back to farming.B.To attract younger laborers to farm work.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for famers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA.control of annual admissionsB.limit on duration of stayC.tightened requirementsD.slow granting procedures35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A.Import Food or Labor?B.U.S. Agriculture in Decline?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day -- encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever prog ressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions -- a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority -- or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single- use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things int o perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive polices that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video toA.demand new laws on the use of plasticsB.urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC.invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD.disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA.mislead us into doing worthless thingsB.prevent us from making further effortsC.weaken our sense of accomplishmentD.suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates that.A.our focus should be shifted to community welfareB.our relationship with local industries is improvingC.we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD.we should press our governments to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA.a win-win arrangementB.a self-driven mechanismC.a cost-effective approachD.a top-down process40.The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB.are far from sufficientC.can be too inconsistentD.are far from rationalReading the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand a backyard.That seemingly reasonable request turned the Chicago family’s home hunt upside down, as there weren't many three bedroom apartments on the North Side -- where the family was looking -- that came with yard space. Still, McClain and her husband chose to honor their 4-and 6-year-old‘s request. “We worked with a few apartment brokers, and it was strange that many of them didn't even now if there was outdoor space, so they'd bring us to an apartment, we'd see that it didn't have a yard, and we'd move on," said McClain, who runs Merry Music Makers in Lakeview, a business focused on music education for children.McClain's little ones aren't the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.Renters paid attention to their kids’ preferences even more: 83 percent said their children's opinions will be a factor when they buy a home.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system," he said.Younger children should feel like they're choosing their home -- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, real estate attorney based in New York and author of the upcoming children's book Home," about the search for the perfect home from the viewpoint of a child.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home -- or asking them where their toys would go in the house -- will make them feel like they're being included in the decision- making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren't a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic homepurchase.She has a client who has been house-hunting for a while, and he always asks his young children their opinion. But when this buyer finally decided to write an offer on a home with a pool, his children burst into tears because they didn't want a pool.They ended up not submitting an offer," Hampson said.” So speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn't base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”The other issue is that many children -- especially older ones -- may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, which tend to focus on superficial aspects of real estate, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us," he said. HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle. With that mindset change comes some serious money consequences."Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said. And while their opinions on those elements shouldn't reign supreme, the home buying process could be a time to start talking to kids about money, budgeting, homeownership and other financial decisions.“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Garner said "as harsh a s it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child's opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best – and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own."This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Today, wannabe homebuyers have to be more open when it comes to must-haves and what you can compromise on, Hampson said.And speaking of compromise: The McClain kids, hungry for outdoor space, fell in love with a home in the North Park neighborhood that had a large yard. But it wasn’t ideal by their parents’ standards.The family ended up renting a house in North Center that had a smalleryard, but it was still big enough for playtime.I had to do a bit of a sales job with the kids since they loved the yard in North Park," McClain said. But there's a hammock they lounge on, a spot to jump rope, a place to play in the. sprinkler, and an area to write with sidewalkchalk."Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he pu t it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to theworld was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A46.Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the city traffic. Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2)tell him about your arrangement.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)参考答案1.C2.D3.A4.A5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B 10.D11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.B16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.A26.D 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C31.B 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.A36.B 37.B 38.D 39.D 40.B41.D 42.G 43.F 44.C 45.B46.答案:人们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。
2021年全国管理类联考真题-英语卷-答案及详解
2021考研英语(二)答案解析英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)I's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, __1___to understand their negative consequences. Most word-related behaviors have multiple components. __2_one and others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll ___3___see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are there inspectors to___4___ that people have paid? Possibly,but very few. And People who run for the bus? They are __5__.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently a cyclists. why? Because the target is___6___.People complained that buses were late and infrequent.__7__,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were __8__or punished according to the time they took ,And drivers hit their targets. But they__9__hit cyclists.If the Target was changed to__10___, youwould have m ore inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more__11___drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would beat the expense of time .There is another___12___: people become immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you ___13___ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the a ___14___ is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.The ___15___ of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well ___16___ others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17 .Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria ___18___ critical factors such as time, money,quality and customer feedback. The trick is not to ___19___ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better ___20___ the objective.1.A. however B. again C. moreover D. therefore2. A. Identify B. Assess C. Explain D. Emphasize3. A. curiously B. eagerly C. quickly D. nearly4.A. prove B check C. recall D. claim5. A threatened B. mocked C. blamed D .ignored6.A. hospitality B. competition C. innovation D. punctuality7. A. So B. Besides C. Still D. Yet8. A. trained B. rewarded C. grouped D. hired9. A. rather B. once C. also D. only10.A. revenue B. efficiency C. security D. comfort11.A. quiet B .cautious C. diligent D. friendly12. A problem B. prejudice C. policy D. purpose13. A. revealed B. admitted C. noticed D .reported14. A. trip B. departure C .transfer D. break15. A. background B. style C. form D. moral16. A. criticize B. sacrifice C. tolerate D. interpret17. A. secret B. product C. cost D. task18. A. calling for B .leading to C. accounting for D. relating to19. A predict B. restore C. create D. specify20. A. review B. present C. achieve D .modify【参考答案】红色为答案,时间比较紧,有争议的答案可以加微信:沟通zkjx2017 谢谢【答案解析】1.【答案】A however【解析】此题考查上下句逻辑关系,前句说为工作人员设定目标不难,正向情感色彩,后句说,理解其负面后果是更难的,负向情感,表转折,选however。
2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)
2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifit's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other lifechanges also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.It's important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able tomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you're alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognize when you'refeeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when you're _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-m inded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretfu l20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.Butpeople can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they'rejust seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."We're talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformativetechnologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such 'tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means thatgeographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdon't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce people's workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisisbecause of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters ofScottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernment's inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producers'motive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmers'unwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time totumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician'sadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."There's not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and floodcontrol throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that theEPA's involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue erabharvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.It'sworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they 're going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having anuncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet program assistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Students'determination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthlyevents,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the area's agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味,摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪,人们友好地聊天,农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析.docx
2015 年管理类联考英语二真题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Directions : Read the following text。
Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- oreven looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around usseems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other humanbeings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armorsends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach.Wefear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them comparedwith our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happyglasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,it doesn't12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a13.The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thoughttheir16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,"the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,after they 17 with the experiment,"not a single person reported having been snubbed."18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with thosesans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive offof social connections. It's that 20: Talking to strangers can make you feelconnected.1.[A] ticket[B] permit[C] signal[D] record2.[A] nothing[B] little[C] another[D] much3.[A] beaten[B] guided[C] plugged[D] brought4.[A] message[B] code[C] notice[D] sign5.[A] under[B] beyond[C] behind[D] from6.[A] misapplied[B] mismatched[C] misadjusted[D] misinterpreted7.[A] replaced[B] fired[C] judged[D] delayed8.[A] unreasonable[B] ungrateful[C] unconventional[D] unfamiliar9.[A] comfortable[B] confident[C] anxious[D] angry10.[A] attend[B] point[C] take[D] turn11.[A] dangerous[B] mysterious[C] violent[D] boring12.[A] hurt[B] resist[C] bend[D] decay13.[A] lecture[B] conversation[C] debate[D] negotiation14.[A] passengers[B] employees[C] researchers[D] trainees15.[A] reveal[B] choose[C] predict [D] design16.[A] voyage[B] ride[C] walk[D] flight17.[A] went through[B] did away[C] caught up[D] put up18.[A] in turn[B] in fact [C] in particular[D] in consequence19.[A] unless[B] since[C] if[D] whereas20.[A] funny[B] logical[C] simple[D] rareSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections : Read the following four texts. Answer the questions aftereach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people ’ s control. Which is it at stress marker. While they were at work and while they wereat home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge。
管理英语二试题及答案
管理英语二试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The project is expected to be completed by the end of next month, which will ________.A) accelerate the company's growthB) decelerate the company's progressC) have no impact on the company's performanceD) delay the company's expansion答案:A2. The company's new strategy focuses on ________.A) reducing costsB) increasing revenueC) diversifying the product lineD) all of the above答案:D3. The term "synergy" in management refers to the conceptthat ________.A) the whole is greater than the sum of its partsB) each part works independentlyC) the whole is less than the sum of its partsD) the parts have no effect on each other答案:A4. A SWOT analysis is used to identify ________.A) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsB) sales, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsC) strengths, weaknesses, objectives, and threatsD) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and targets答案:A5. In a matrix organizational structure, employees typically report to ________.A) one managerB) two or more managersC) a team leaderD) a project coordinator答案:B6. The process of defining the problem, setting objectives, developing alternatives, and selecting the best option is known as ________.A) decision-makingB) problem-solvingC) strategic planningD) risk assessment答案:A7. Which of the following is not a component of the marketing mix?A) ProductB) PriceC) PlaceD) Process答案:D8. A company's competitive advantage is often based on its ability to ________.A) lower pricesB) innovateC) increase advertisingD) outsource production答案:B9. The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic management tool that helps organizations to ________.A) reduce costsB) measure performanceC) increase market shareD) improve employee morale答案:B10. In the context of business, "stakeholders" refers to________.A) the company's shareholdersB) anyone with an interest in the activities of the organizationC) the company's employeesD) the company's management team答案:B二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)11. The process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating risk is known as ________.答案:risk management12. A ________ chart is a type of bar chart that shows data over time.答案:line13. The ________ of a product refers to the features that make it unique and desirable to consumers.答案:differentiation14. In management, the term "empowerment" means giving employees the authority to make decisions within their area of responsibility without constant supervision.答案:autonomy15. A ________ is a formal document that outlines the goals, strategies, and tactics to achieve those goals.答案:business plan16. The ________ approach to management involves setting clear goals and providing employees with the resources and freedom to achieve them.答案:results-oriented17. A ________ is a type of organizational culture that emphasizes collaboration, innovation, and flexibility.答案:learning organization18. The ________ is the process of identifying the most effective means of using limited resources to achieve thebest outcome.答案:planning19. The ________ of a company refers to its overallreputation and public image.答案:brand20. The ________ is the process of identifying, attracting, selecting, and appointing suitable candidates for jobs within an organization.答案:recruitment三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)21. What are the four main functions of management?答案:The four main functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.22. Explain the concept of "corporate social responsibility" (CSR).答案:Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's commitment to conducting its business in an ethical, sustainable, and socially responsible manner. It involves considering the impact of business operations on the community, the environment, and stakeholders, and taking actions that benefit society at large.23. What is meant by "dual pricing" in the context ofinternational trade?答案:Dual pricing refers to the practice of charging different prices for the same product or service in different markets, often。
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语(二)试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1_____, when done too often , this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2_____.As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3____on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4_____ the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5____ my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6_____of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7____ altering your training program. The most 8______changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9_____, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10_____. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11______my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12_____ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13_____ my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14_____to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15_____and dropping weight, this is a 16_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17_____ to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18_____ morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19_____ I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20_____over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. [A]. Besides [B]. Therefore [C]. Otherwise [D]. However2. [A]. helps [B]. cares [C]. warns [D]. reduces3. [A]. initially [B]. solely [C]. occasionally [D]. formally4. [A]. recording [B].lowering [C]. explaining [D]. accepting5. [A]. modify [B]. set [C]. review [D]. reach6. [A]. definition [B].depiction [C]. distribution [D]. prediction7. [A]. due to [B].regardless of [C]. aside from [D]. along with8. [A]. orderly [B].rigid [C]. precise [D].immediate9. [A]. claims [B].judgments [C]. reasons [D]. methods10. [A]. instead [B].though [C]. again [D]. indeed11. [A]. report [B].track [C]. overlook [D]. conceal12. [A]. depend on [B].approve of [C]. hold onto [D]. account for13. [A]. prepare [B]. share [C]. adjust [D]. confirm14. [A]. results [B].features [C]. rules [D]. tests15. [A]. bored [B]. anxious [C]. hungry [D]. sick16. [A]. principle [B].secret [C]. belief [D]. sign17. [A]. request [B].necessity [C]. decision [D]. wish18. [A]. disappointing [B].surprising [C].restricting [D]. consuming19. [A]. if [B].because [C]. unless [D]. until20. [A]. obsessing [B].dominating [C]. puzzling [D]. triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet t his understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger rec ognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for anemotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathet ic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A. foster a child’s moral developmentB. regulate a child's basic emotionsC. improve a child's intellectual abilityD. intensify a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A. inexcusableB. deceptiveC. addictiveD. burdensome23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.A. emotions are context-independentB. an emotion can play opposing rolesC. emotions are socially constructiveD. emotional stability can benefit health24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may be the outcome of impulsive actsB. may help correct emotional deficienciesC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. can result from either sympathy or guilt25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. wrongdoingsC. discussionsD. restrictionsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climatechange we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap -- but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 -- financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve foc used on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that____.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. forests may become a potential threatC. people may misunderstand global warmingD. extreme weather conditions may arise27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to ____.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. strike a balance among different plants28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _____.A. restore its forests quickly after wildfiresB. cultivate more drought-resistant treesC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. reduce the density of some of its forests29. What is essential to California’s plan according to paragraph 5____?A. To obtain enough financial supportB. To carry it out before the year of 2020C. To handle the areas in serious danger firstD. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as ____.A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautiousText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn't change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either----not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, hav e a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren't given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A workers to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agricultureB. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_____.A. the aging of immigrant farm workersB. the rising number of illegal immigrantsC. the high mobility of crop workersD. the lack of experienced laborers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To strengthen financial support for farmers.B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.C. To get native U.S. workers back to farmingD. To use more robots to grow high-value crops34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its _____.A. control of annual admissionsB. slow granting proceduresC. limit on duration of stayD. tightened requirements35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. Manpower VS. Automation?B. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?C. Import Food or Labor?D. America Saved by Mexico?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities star ring in a new video for World Environment Day--encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of powerthat implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive polici es that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to_____.A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisisB. demand new laws on the use of plasticsC. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsD. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may_____. .A. suppress our desire for successB. mislead us into doing worthless thingsC. prevent us from making further effortsD. weaken our sense of accomplishment38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates that_____.A. We should press our government to lead the combatB. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsC. our relationship with local industries is improvingD. our focus should be shifted to community welfare39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be_____.A. a top-down processB. a win-win arrangementC. a self-driven mechanismD. a cost-effective approach40. The author concludes that individual efforts______.A. can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from rationalD. are far from sufficientPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for ahome?In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain's little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2, 000 U. S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system, "he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home-but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home-without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children -----especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif."They love Chip and Julie Gaines just as much as the rest of us, " he said " HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It's not shelter, it's a lifestyle. Withthat mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner,, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow, " Garner said. “ Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to(1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and(2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address.(10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart, and(2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二参考答案1-5 DABBD6-10 BADCA11-15 BDCAC16-20 DCABA21-25 ADBDB26-30 BBDCA31-35 DACAC36-40 CCAAD41-45 ADCGF46.参考译文我们很容易低估英国作家吉米•哈利。
2024考研英语二真题及参考答案
2024考研英语二真题及参考答案一、完形填空真题:Directions: In this section, there is a passage with 20 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The world is facing a(n) 1 crisis. It's a crisis of 2 : The global population is aging, and people are living longer. This has serious 3 for governments and societies, as they have to support a growing number of elderly people with 4 resources.1. A) economic B) social C) health D) environmental2. A) wealth B) population C) employment D) education3. A) implications B) expectations C) innovations D) transformations4. A) limited B) abundant C) sufficient D) infinite参考答案:1. B) social 2. B) population 3. A) implications 4. A) limited二、阅读理解真题:Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The world is facing an unprecedented challenge: how to feed a growing population with limited resources. According to the United Nations, the global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, an increase of 2billion from today. To meet this demand, we need to produce more food than ever before, but we also need to do it in a sustainable way.1. What is the main challenge mentioned in the first paragraph?A) Feeding a growing population with limited resources.B) Reducing the global population to sustainable levels.C) Producing more food than ever before.D) Finding a sustainable way to meet the food demand.参考答案:1. A) Feeding a growing population with limited resources.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The concept of "fake news" has become a hot topic in recent years, especially in the context of social media. The spread of misinformation and disinformation has raised concerns about the impact on public opinion and the democratic process. While there is no easy solution to thisproblem, there are steps that can be taken to mitigate its effects.6. What is the main concern raised by the spread of fake news?A) Its impact on public opinion.B) Its threat to the democratic process.C) Its influence on social media platforms.D) All of the above.参考答案:6. D) All of the above.三、新题型真题:Directions: In this section, you are required to read the following text and choose the best answer to each of the questions.The following is a list of five recommendations for improving your study habits. Below the list are questions or unfinished statements. Each question or statement corresponds to one of the recommendations. Youshould identify the recommendation that best fits each question or statement. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. Recommendation A: Set specific goals2. Recommendation B: Create a study schedule3. Recommendation C: Take regular breaks4. Recommendation D: Stay organized5. Recommendation E: Eliminate distractionsQuestions:11. What recommendation suggests that you should take short breaks while studying?A) Recommendation AB) Recommendation BC) Recommendation CD) Recommendation D参考答案:11. C) Recommendation C四、翻译Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着科技的快速发展,人工智能已经渗透到我们生活的方方面面。
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全国管理类联考英语二真题及答案案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation‘s cyber-czar,offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden”n cyberspace,with safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem”in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。
Still,the administration‘s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts,who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2. A.for B.within C.while D.though3. A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4. A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5. rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6. A.by B.into C.from D.over7. A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9. A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13. A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16. A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17. A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18. A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20. A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs‘s board as an outside director in January 2000:a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firm‘s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky,and the share price is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure,the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.”Leaving riskier,smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history showsthey were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons,once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1,Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director‘s surprise departure,the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author‘s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America‘s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers,which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry,have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse deliveryto distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008,according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD)。