05-13专八语言学真题

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2005年英语专八试卷真题及答案

PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. Theworkers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These... ...17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT C提示：原文同2003年专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought aboutby future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性？注：design feature: features that define our human languages, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission, etc.40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin. √C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning.11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16.B 17. D 18 A 19 A20. C 21. A 22.D 23.B24.A25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D。

专八语言学真题

A. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.
选B
2008
40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called
A. widening of meaning B. narrowing of meaning C. meaning shift D. loss of meaning
选A
2008英语专业八级
38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?
2005-2013 语言学专八真题
2005英语专业八级
38. Syntax is the study of A. language functions. B. sentence structures. C. textual organization. D. word formation.
A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.
选C
2009
40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing
选B
2006
40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by

专八语言学选择题及答案

精品文档专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned isknown as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule S→NP VP, the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. I bought some roses __________ I bought some flowers.A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.精品文档．精品文档A. sociallyB. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemispherein most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet”‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula S→NP VP.()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase精品文档．精品文档D.sentence6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _______.()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child languageacquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案 1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouth精品文档．精品文档B. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme vision in the common word elevision is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5.Can I borrow your bike? ___ You have a bike.A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, inaddition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulationof utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language,namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons精品文档．精品文档D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night”as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()精品文档．精品文档rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman”can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorableatmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocative精品文档．精品文档Key: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.精品文档．精品文档A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as ______.A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourse精品文档．精品文档D. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between dead and alive is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words encore and au pair are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language a. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateral精品文档．精品文档Key: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrariness精品文档．精品文档Key: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula S→NP VP.A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipientshould stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic精品文档．精品文档B. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as subvocal speech, and speech as _______.A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words kowtow and ea are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymy精品文档．精品文档D. compoundingKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between animal and lamb is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation betweenose andlower is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymy精品文档．精品文档D. homonymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between competence and performance was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word internationalism should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as elex and workfare are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversion精品文档．精品文档D. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as John is a student. belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between male andemale is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B精品文档．。

专八语言学选择题及答案

A. language and speech
B.visual and spatial skills
C.reading and writing
D.analytic reasoning
10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.
sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()
diagram
is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()
2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.
A. voiceless, bilabial, stop
B.voiceless, labiodental, fricative
A. phrases
B.sentences
C.morphemes
D.utterances
8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.

05-13专八语言学真题

选B
第八页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2007
39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT
A. lexical B. syntactic C. phonological D. psycholinguistic
A. assimilation rule.
B. sequential rule. C.deletion rule.
D. grammar rule. 选B
第二十三页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2012
39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?
A. an expressive function. B. an informative function. C. a performative function. D. a persuasive function
答案B： informative function
第十九页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
选C。
第二十页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2011
39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________.
A. absence of obstruction B. presence of obstruction C. manner of articulation D. place of articulation
2005-2013 语言学专八真题
第一页，编辑于星期一：点十一分。
2005英语专业八级

语言学专八考研真题及答案

专八语言集锦（05年——14年专八真题及解析归纳）目录1、2005年 (1)2、2006年 (2)3、2007年 (4)4、2008年 (6)5、2009年 (8)6、2010年 (10)7、2011年 (11)8、2012年 (12)9、2013年 (13)10、2014年 (14)11、附加语言学考研题 (15)2005年38.（考查点：main branches of linguistics) Syntax is the study ofA. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD.word formation答案：B。

解析：Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences,是关于形成和理解正确英语句子的原则。

也就是句子结构。

故选择B。

39.（考察点：design features of language) Which of ale following is NOTa distinctive feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness答案：D。

解析：题问下面四个选项中，哪一个不是人类语言的主要特征？除Finiteness(有限性)外，选项中的其它的三项Arbitrariness（任意性），Productivity（能产性）和Cultural transmission（文化传递性）在语言学概述部分都提到了。

故选择D。

40. （考察点：人物）The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. M.A,K. Halliday答案：B。

专八语言学选择题及答案

专业英语八级英语语言学知识(语音学和音位学)模拟试卷1(题后含

专业英语八级英语语言学知识（语音学和音位学）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．______is the study of the phonic medium of language.A．PhoneticsB．PhonologyC．PhoneD．Phoneme正确答案：A解析：语音学被定义为对语言的语音媒介的研究，它涉及所有出现在世界语言中的声音；音位学的研究目的是发现一门语言中的语音是如何形成的，这些语音是如何在语言交际中传达意义的；音素是—个吾音单元或音段，我们在交际中所听到和发出的语音都是音素；音位是—个具有区别性价值的抽象的单位，它不是任何—个特定的语音，而是由—个特定音素(phone)在一定语音语境中来表达或实现的。

知识模块：语音学和音位学2．Which of the following is NOT a branch of phonetics?A．Articulatory phonetics.B．Auditory phonetics.C．Acoustic phonetics.D．Articulate phonetics.正确答案：D解析：三个语音学的分支为发音语音学、听觉语音学和声学语音学。

其中发音语音学的历史最长，然而，声学语音学和听觉语音学中—些重要的事实已经被发现或证实了。

知识模块：语音学和音位学3．Which of the following is NOT the organ of speech?A．The pharyngeal cavity.B．The oral cavity.C．The nasal cavity.D．The vocal cavity.正确答案：D解析：人类发音器官包含在三个重要区域中：咽腔——喉咙；口腔——口；鼻腔——鼻。

2005年英语专业八级考试试题及答案（6）

作者简介维吉尼亚·伍夫（1882-1941），英国⼩说家，在她的⼩说⾥，缩⼩作者作为叙述者或评论者的作⽤。

她同时也是⼀位公认的评论家。

注释blur模糊;使模糊不清banish 流放,放逐preconception偏见try to become him：应努⼒站在作者的⽴场上。

become在这⾥⽤作及物动伺、解作"配合"、"适应"。

steep陡峭的acquaint yourself with...，使（你）⾃⼰认识（了解）...impalpable⽆形的contained从容的PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Interview is frequently used by employers as a means to recruit prospective employees. As a result, there have been many arguments for or against the interview as a selection procedure. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your writing you should state your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.改错部分:The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common 1stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3business firms. The rise in tuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty 4increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in 5graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one' s job prospects, 6the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of theathletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the bestathletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, byagreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10customer.。

2005年英语专业八级考试真题及答案-中大网校

2005年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

(3)根据材料，请在（3）处填上最佳答案。

(4)根据材料，请在（4）处填上最佳答案。

(5)根据材料，请在（5）处填上最佳答案。

(6)根据材料，请在（6）处填上最佳答案。

(7)根据材料，请在（7）处填上最佳答案。

(8)根据材料，请在（8）处填上最佳答案。

(9)根据材料，请在（9）处填上最佳答案。

(10)根据材料，请在（10）处填上最佳答案。

SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay’s view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21．B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle agC. We should not expect more physical illness among old peoplD. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a grou(3)According to Professor McKay’s report．A. family love is gradually disappearinB. it is hard to comment on family feelinC. more children are indifferent to their parentD. family love remains as strong as eve(4)Professor McKay is towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their chil－dren．A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral(5)The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sicknesB. loose family tieC. poor mental abilitieD. difficulties in math(6)<A href="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(8)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(9)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(10)According to the news，which trading nation in the top lo has reported a 5 percent fall in exports?A. The UB. The UC. JapaD. GermanPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people?A. Thousands oB. FloweC. PourinD. Unyoke(3)Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individualB. Weather conditions and street lampC. Clattering trains and peddlers’yellD. Moving crowds and street traffi(4)Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionatB. ResponsiblC. ShD. Determine(5)What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workerB. How to survive in a harsh environmenC. Generation gap between the father and the soD. Love between the father and the so(6)What is the author’s attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferenB. SympathetiC. AppreciativD. Difficult to tel(7)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(8)In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragrapB. The first paragrapC. The last paragrapD. The last but one paragrap(9)The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fractureB. emphasize the importance of health precautionC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractureD. identify the causes of hip fracture(10)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(11)According to the passage，which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnatioB. Environmental destructioC. High divorce rateD. Neglect of histor(12)The word “pooh-pooh” in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciatB. praisC. shuD. ridicul(13)According to the passage，people at present can forecast__________of a new round of future-mindedness．A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features(14)The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beinB. how it functionC. what it brings abouD. what it is related t(15)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(16)The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professionB. secretly admire women’s intellect and resolutioC. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businesD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societie(17)The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragrapB. has no connection with the first paragrapC. repeats the argument of the second paragrapD. contradicts the last paragrap(18)At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womeB. carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphC. support the first sentence of the same paragrapD. disown the ideas he is expressin(19)The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologB. illustrates how people expect men to behavC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokD. proves that the man，not woman，should be the wooe(20)The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves oB. argues is naturaC. completely rejectD. expects to go on changinPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)U．S．presidents normally serve a(n）__________term．A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year(3)Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast U．S．?A. HustoB. BostoC. BaltimorD. Philadelphi(4)__________ is the state church in England．A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England(5)The novel Emma is written byA. Mary ShelleB. Charlotte Brontё．C. Elizabeth GaskelD. Jane Auste(6)Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William WordswortB. George EllioC. George ByroD. Percy Shelle(7)William Sidney Porter，known as O．Henry，is most famous forA. his poemB. his playC. his short storieD. his novel(8)Syntax is the study ofA. language functionB. sentence structureC. textual organizatioD. word formatio(9)Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. ArbitrarinesB. ProductivitC. Cultural transmissioD. Finitenes(10)The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John SearlB. John AustiC. Noam ChomskD. HallidaPART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></ A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。

专八人文知识语言学

3.
The design features of language:
1)
（语言的区别性特征） Arbitrariness (任意性)
language is, which means that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. (there is no direct connection between sound and meaning)
Macrolinguistics 微观语言学
Descriptive 描述性 Aims To describe and analyze the language people use Describe hoe things are People don’t say xxxx…
Prescriptive 规定性 To lay down rules for correct behavior, i.e. to tell people what they should say or not. Prescribe how things ought to be Don’t say xxxx….
Distinctions Example
2） diachronic and synchronic (历时与共时)
1900
synchronic
1350 499
diachronic
Diachronic: it is the study of a language through the course of history, like the origin, change of meaning, it is usually called historical linguistic.

2005年英语专业八级真题及答案解析

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005)GRADE EIGHTPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [30MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gapfilling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-Filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Writing a Research PaperⅠ. Research Paper and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1).__. (1).~e.g.--choosing a topic--asking questions---identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2)~ (2).__1. research paper: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one’s (3) __ (3).__Ⅱ. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:--to gather (4)~ (4).__-- to quote--to (5).__ (5) __The writer should be (6)__ (6) __2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.-- to interpretto question, etc.b. (7).__ varies with the topic, e.g. (7).__--to recommend an action, etc.Question No.3: narrowing the topic down to (9)~ (9).~Question No.4: asking questions about (10) (10)~The questions help us to work our way into the topic anddiscover its possibilities.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay’s report?[A] To look into the mental health of old people.[B] To explain why people have negative views on old age.[C] To help correct some false beliefs about old age.[D] To identify the various problems of old age.2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay’s view?[A] People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.[B] There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.[C] We should not expect more physical illness among old people.[D] We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay’s report,[A] family love is gradually disappearing[B] it is hard to comment on family feeling[C] more children are indifferent to their parents[D] family love remains as strong as ever4. Professor McKay is _______ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.[A] negative[B] positive[C] ambiguous[D] neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against is[A] old-age sickness[B] loose family ties[C] poor mental abilities[D] difficulties in mathsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin to ______.[A] eliminate bacteria[B] treat bums[C] speed up recovery[D] reduce treatment costQuestion 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?[A] It is featured by high technology.[B] It allows you to imitate famous singers.[C] It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.[D] It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.8. China's internet users had reached ______ by the end of June.[A] 68 million[B] 8.9 million[C] 10 million[D] 1.5 millionQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose ______year.[A] 21%[B] 10%[C] 22%[D] 4.73%10. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 percent fall in exports?[A] The UK.[B] The US.[C] Japan.[D] Germany.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION [30MIN] In this section there are reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answer on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile-Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it’s Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven’t sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York buildings, the tall street lamps were tit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father’s bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I’m ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool."I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father.'I’ll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today, lust tell momma I’II be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father vied to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling, Mikey. But it’s plain we are unlucky today! Let’s go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate years. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.[A] sent out[B] released[C] dispatched[D] removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicate crowds of people?[A] Thousands of.[B] Flowed.[C] Pouring.[D] Unyoked.13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?[A] Huge crowds and lonely individuals.[B] Weather conditions and street lamps.[C] Clattering trains and peddlers’ yells.[D] Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?[A] Compassionate.[B] Responsible.[C] Shy.[D] Determined.15. What is the theme of the story?[A] The misery of the factory workers.[B] How to survive in a harsh environment.[C] Generation gap between the father and the son.[D] Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author’s attitude towards the father and the son?[A] Indifferent.[B] Sympathetic.[C] Appreciative.[D] Difficult to tell.TEXT BWhen former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip at the age of 89, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. Suffering from advanced Alzheimer’s disease, Reagan was in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip factures not only increases after age 50, but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures.These injuries are not to be taken lightly. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, only 25% of those who suffer hip fractures ever fully recover; as many as 20% will die within 12 months. Even when patients do recover, nearly half will need a cane or a walker to get around.When it comes to hip fractures, the most dangerous place for elderly Americans, it turns out, is their homes; nearly 60% of these dangerous spills will occur in or around the patient’s domicile. This isn't all bad news, however, because a few modifications could prevent a lot of accidents.The first thing to do is to get rid of those throw rugs that line hallways and entrances. They often fold over or bunch up, turning them into booby traps for anyone shuffling down the hall.Entering and leaving the house is a particularly high-risk activity, which is why some experts suggest removing any doorsills higher than 1/2 in. If the steps are bare wood, you can increase traction by applying non-slip treads.Because many seniors suffer from poor balance (whether from neurological deficits or from the inner-ear problemsthat increase naturally with aging), it also helps to install grab bars and handrails in bathrooms and along hallways.The bedroom is another major hazard area that can be made much safer with a few adjustments. Avoid satin sheets and comforters, and opt for non-slip material like wool or cotton. Easy access to devices is important, so place a lamp, telephone and flashlight near the bed within arm’s reach. Make sure the pathway between the bedroom and bathroom is completely clear, and install a night-light along the route for those emergency late-tight trips.It’s a good idea to rearrange the furniture throughout the house, so that the paths between rooms are free of obstructions. Also, make sure telephone and appliance cords aren't strung across common wall ways, where they can be tripped over.In addition to these physical precautions, there are the health precautions every aging body should take. Physical and eye examinations, with special attention to cardiac and blood-pressure problems, should be performed annually to rule out serious medical conditions. Blood pressure that's too low or an irregular heartbeat can put you at risk for fainting and falling. Don't forget to take calcium and vitamin D, two critical factors in developing strong bones. Finally, enrolling in an exercise programme at your local gym can improve agility, strength, balance and coordination - all important skills that can keep you on your feet and off the floor.17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION of[A] removal of throw rugs[B] easy access to devices[C] installation of grab bars[D] re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?[A] The third paragraph.[B] The first paragraph.[C] The last paragraph.[D] The last but one paragraph.19. The main purpose of the passage is to[A] offer advice on how to prevent hip fractures[B] emphasize the importance of health precautions[C] discuss the seriousness of hip fractures[D] identify the causes of hip fracturesTEXT CIn his classic novel "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper bas his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a stubby forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. "Where! Why everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. "America is therefore the land of the future," the German philosopher Hegel wrote. "The American lives even more for his goals, for the future, than the European," Albert Einstein concurred. "Life for him is always becoming, never being."In 2012, America will still be the place where the future happens first, for that is the nation’s oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by visions of future glories, God’s kingdom on earth. The early pioneers would sometimes travel past perfectly good farmland, because they were convinced that even more amazing land could be found over the next ridge. The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. The railroad speculators envisioned magnificent fortunes built on bands of iron. It's now fashionable to ridicule the visions of dot-com entrepreneurs of the 1990s, but they had inherited the urge to leap for the horizon. "The Future is endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation," HermanMelville wrote. "The Future is the Bible of the Free."This future-mindedness explains many modem features of American life. It explains workaholism: the average American works 350 hours a year more than the average European. Americans move more, in search of that brighter tomorrow, than people in other lands. They also, sadly, divorce more, for the same reason.Americans adopt new technologies such as online shopping and credit cards much more quickly than people in other countries. Forty-five percent of world Internetuse takes place in the United States. Even today, after the bursting of the stock-market bubble, American venture-capital firms-which are in the business of betting on the future - dwarf the firms from all other nations.Future-mindedness contributes to the disorder in American life, the obliviousness to history, the high rates of family breakdown, the frenzied waste of natural resources. It also leads to incredible innovations. According to the Yale historian Paul Kennedy, 75 percent of the Nobel laureates in economics and the sciences over recent decades have lived or worked in the United States. The country remains a magnet for the future-minded from other nations. One in 12 Americans has enjoyed the thrill and challenge of starting his own business. A study published in the Journal of International Business Studies in 2000 showed that innovative people are spread pretty evenly throughout the globe, but Americans are most comfortable with risk. Entrepreneurs in the US are more likely to believe that they possess the ability to shape their own future than people in, say, Britain, Australia or Singapore.If the 1990s were a great decade of future-mindedness, we are now in the midst of a season of experience. It seems cooler to be skeptical, to pooh-pooh all those IPO suckers who lost their money betting on the telecom future. But the world is not becoming more French. By 2012, this period of chastisement will likely have run its course, and future- mindedness will be back in vogue, for better or worse.We don’t know exactly what the next future-minded frenzy win look like. We do know where it will take place: the American suburb. In 1979, three quarters of American office space were located in central cities. The new companies, research centers and entrepreneurs are flocking to these low buildings near airports, highways and the Wal-Mart malls, and they are creating a new kind of suburban life. There are entirely new metropolises rising - boom suburbs like Mesa, Arizona, that already have more people than Minneapolis or St. Louis. We are now approaching a moment in which the majority of American office space, and the hub of American entrepreneurship, will be found in quiet office parks in places like Rockville. Maryland, and in the sprawling suburbosphere around Atlanta.We also know that future-mindedness itself will become the object of greater study. We are discovering that there are many things that human beings do easily that computers can do only with great difficulty, if at all. Cognitive scientists are now trying to decode the human imagination, to understand how the brain visualizes, dreams and creates. And we know, too, that where there is future-mindedness there is hope.20. The third paragraph examines America’s future-mindedness from the ______ perspective.[A] future[B] realistic[C] historical[D] present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?[A] Economic stagnation.[B] Environmental destruction.[C] High divorce rates.[D] Neglect of history.22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph means______.[A] appreciate[B] praise[C] shun[D] ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ______ of a new round of future-mindedness.[A] the nature[B] the location[C] the variety[D] the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus on ______.[A] how it comes into being[B] how it functions[C] what it brings about[D] what it is related toTEXT D"In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement call be recognized...In a greater number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat."This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defences which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.25. The phrase "men’s sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that they ______.[A] are confident in their ability to charm women[B] take the initiative in courtship[C] have a clear idea of what is considered "manly"[D] tend to be more immoral than women are26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men ______.[A] prevent women from taking up certain professions[B] secretly admire women's intellect and resolution[C] doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business[D] forbid women to join certain clubs and societies27. The third paragraph ______.[A] generally agrees with the first paragraph[B] has no connection with the first paragraph[C] repeats the argument of the second paragraph[D] contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to ______.[A] show that men are stronger than women[B] carry further the ideas of the earlier paragraphs[C] support the first sentence of the same paragraph[D] disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph______.[A] is based on the study of archaeology[B] illustrates how people expect men to behave[C] is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant joke[D] proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author ______.[A] approves of[B] argues is natural[C] completely rejects[D] expects to go on changingPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE [10MIN] There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.31. ______is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver[B] Ottawa[C] Montreal[D] York32. U.S. presidents normally serve a(n) ______ term.[A] two-year[B] four-year[C] six-year[D] eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston.[B] Boston.[C] Baltimore.[D] Philadelphia.34. ______ is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church[B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church[D] The Church of England35. The novel Emnza is written by ______.[A] Mary Shelley[B] Charlotte Bronte[C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell[D] Jane Austen36. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth.[B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron.[D] Percy 8. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for______.[A] his poems[B] his plays[C] his short stories[D] his novels38. Syntax is the study of ______.[A] language functions[B] sentence structures[C] textual organization[D] word formation39. Which of ale following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness.[B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission.[D] Finiteness.40. The speech act theory was first put forward by ______.[A] John Searle[B] John Austin[C] Noam Chomsky[D] M.A.K HallidayPART ⅣPROOFREADDING & ERROR CORRECTION [15MIN] Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error, In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "A" sign and write the word you believe tobe missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary, word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at theend of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year - much steeper than the current, verylow, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because ofa loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common (1) ______stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price thatmaximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and (2) ______increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States isindistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in tuitions (3) ______may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for (4) ______education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing (5) ______income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduate- andprofessional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, the (6) ______more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to (7) ______students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, givingstudents a governance role, and eliminate required courses. (8) ______ Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten (9) ______the rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost tothem of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumnidonations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher educationin order to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And untilthey were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy Leagueschools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by agreeingnot to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on (10) ______their best customer.PART ⅤTRANSLATION [60MIN] SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难：但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

专八mini-lecture2005-2013年真题

2004 Conversation SkillsPeople who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they hav e something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.I.Skill to ask question--- be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other’s questions regardless of (1) shyness--- start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questionse.g. questions about one’s (2)first jobquestions about one’s activities in the (3)morning--- be able to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to (4)listenfor answers---Don’t shift from subject to subject— sticking to the same subject: signs of (5)interest in conversation--- Listen to (6)tones of voice— If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.--- Use eyes and ears— steady your gaze while listening3. Skill to laughEffects of laughter:— ease people’s (7)discomfort— help start (8)conversation4. Skill to partImportance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contactWays:— men: a smile, a (9)good firm handshake— women: same as (10)men now— how to express pleasure in meeting someone.Writing a Research Paper 2005I. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) basic steps:e.g. —choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) raw material1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) headII. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather (4) facts and opinions—to quote—to (5) summarize and paraphraseThe writer should be (6)objective.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to interpret—to question, etc.b. (7) Purpose varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8)ask questions.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topicQuestion No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) a manageable sizeQuestion No. 4: Asking questions about (10) the topic itselfThe questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities.Meaning in literatine 2006In reading literary works, we are concerned with the "meaning" of one literary piece or another. However, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue. There are three ways to tackle meaning in literature.I. Meaning is what is intended by (1) the author-Apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to1 ) read (2) other words by the same author;2) get familiar with (3)the literary trends at the time;3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.II. Meaning exists "in" the text itself. •1)some people's view:meaning is produced by the formal properties of the text like (4)grammar, etc.2) speaker's view:meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and(5)' cultural codes Therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage. But different time periods and different (6) cultural perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in a text.III. Meaning is created by (7)the reader1)meaning is (8)social2)meaning is contextual;3) meaning requires (9) reader competency—practicing competency in reading—practicing other competencies—background research. in (10)social structure , etc.What Can We Learn from Art? 2007I. IntroductionA. Differences between general history and art history— Focus:— general history: (1)politics, economics and war— art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.B. Significance of studyMore information and better understanding of human society and civilization II. Types of informationA. Information in history books is (2) objective— facts, but no opinionsB. Information in art history is subjective— (3) personal emotions and opinionse.g. — Spanish painter's works: misuse of governmental power— Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problems III. Art as a reflection of religious beliefsA. Europe: (4) the Bible in pictures in churchesB. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palacesReason: human and (5) animal images are not seen as holyC. Africa and the Pacific Islands: masks, headdresses and costumes in special ceremoniesPurpose: to seek the help of (6) gods to protect crops, animals and people. IV. Perceptions of ArtHow people see art is related to their cultural background.A. Europeans and Americans— (7) decoration— expression of ideasB. People in other places— part of everyday life— (8) practical useV. Art as a reflection of social changesA. Cause of changes: (9) influence of different cultures.B. Changes— tribal people: effects of (10)urbanization on art forms— European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works— American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese paintingThe Popularity of English 2008I. Present status of EnglishA. English as a native/first languageB. English as a lingua franca: a language for communication among people whose(1) native languages are differentC. Number of people speaking English as a first or a second language:— 320-380 million native speakers— 250- (2)350 million speakers of English as a second languageII. Reasons for the popular use of EnglishA. (3) Historical reasons— the Pilgrim Fathers brought the language to America;— British settlers brought the language to Australia;— English was used as a means of control in (4)former British EmpireB. Economic reasons— spread of (5) international commerce— language of communication in the international business communityC. (6) Boom in international travel— use of English in travel and tourism— signs in airports— language of announcement— language of (7)air traffic controlD. Information exchange— use of English in the academic world— language of (8) conferences or journal articlesE. Popular culture— pop music on (9) many radios— films from the USAIII. Questions to think aboutA. status of English in the futureB. (10) Possibilities of distinct varieties of EnglishWriting Experimental Reports 2009I.Content of an experimental report, e.g.--- study subject/ area--- study purpose--- Study resultII.Presentation of an experimental report--- providing details--- regarding readers as audienceIII.Structure of an experimental report--- feature: highly structured and disciplined--- sections and their content:INTRODUCTION what you did; why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULT what you found outDISCUSSION what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership--- a common mistake: reader is the marker---in reality: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study--- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:introduction to relevant areanecessary background informationdevelopment of clear argumentsdefinition of technical termsprecise description of data obtainedV. Demands and expectations in report writing--- early stage:understanding of study subject/area and its implicationsbasic grasp of the report’s format--- later stage:attention on research significance--- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:inadequate materiallack of research justification for the studyParalinguistic Features of Language 2010In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic featuresA.(1)tones of voice: to express attitude or intentionB.Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2) huskiness: unimportance4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA.facial expressions1.(3)universal expression2.----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome3.less common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)thinking or uncertaintygesturegestures are related to culture.4.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) lack of interest----- scratching head: puzzlement5.other cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)truth-telling----- pointing at nose: secretB.proximity, posture and echoing1.proximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7) distance: formality or absence of interestProximity is person-, culture- and (8) situation -specific.2.posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indeicate(9)mood----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3.echoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10) unconscious echoing: aid in communication----- conscious imitation: mockeryClassifications of Cultures 2011According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.I. High-context cultureA. feature- context: more important than the message- meaning: (1)beyond the messagei.e. more attention paid to (2) the context than to the message itselfB. examples- personal space- preference for (3)closeness to people- less respect for privacy / personal space- attention to (4)body language- concept of time- belief in (5)multiple interpretation of time- no concern for punctuality- no control over timeII. Low-context cultureA. feature- message: separate from context- meaning: (6)in the messageB. examples- personal space- desire / respect for individuality / privacy- less attention to body language- more concern for (7)what you say- attitude toward time- concept of time: (8)monochronic- dislike of (9) lateness- time seen as commodityIII. ConclusionAwareness of different cultural assumptions- relevance in work and lifee.g. business, negotiation, etc.- (10)_importance in successful communicationObservation 2012People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) rare formal records--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) systematic and objective-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) distributed randomlySystematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) situation sampling-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) is different across circumstances-- (6) advantage: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) as it occurs---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) has more control over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) normally occurring-- (10) method: no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorder2013 What Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) checking their understandingII. (2) reflective on information and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-- connections between the known and the new information-- identification of (3) incomprehensible concepts-- judgment on the value of (4) the reading material.III. active in listeningA.ways of note-taking: (5) comprehensive and organizedB.before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA.reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) constant understandingmonitoringB.Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) differ.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-- active learners: accept-- passive learners: (8) blameB. attitude toward (9) poor performance-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) motivating students.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.2014 How to Reduce StressI.Definition of stressA. (1) physical reactioni.e. force exerted between two touching bodiesB. human reactioni.e. response to(2) a demand on someonee.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3)blood pressure, or muscle tensionII.(4)CategoriesA. positive stresswhere it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) a jobB. negative stresswhere it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s deathIII.Ways to cope with stressA. recognition of stress signals---monitor for (6) signals of stress---find ways to protect oneselfB. attention to body demand---effect of (7)a stress-free environmentC. planning and acting appropriately---reason for planning---(8)results of planningD. learning to (9)accept situations---e.g. delay caused by trafficE. pacing activities---manageable task---(10)a reasonable speed2015Understanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students. Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I. Understand all (1) parts of meaningsA. wordsB. (2) sound/vocal features-stress -intonation-(3) rhythmII. Adding informationA. lecturers: sharing information with audienceB. listeners: (4) absorbingC. sources of information-knowledge of (5) subject-(6) experience of the worldD. listening involving three steps:-hearing-(7) reinterpreting-addingIII. (8) predictionA. reasons:-overcome noise -save timeB. (9) what to listen -content-organizationIV. Evaluating while listeningA. helps to decide the (10) importance of notesB. helps to remember information。

语言学考试试题及答案

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，它包括以下哪些分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语义学D. 所有选项答案：D2. 下列哪个术语不是语言学的分支？A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 神经语言学D. 化学语言学答案：D3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词素C. 词D. 句子答案：B4. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音属性？A. 音高B. 音长C. 音色D. 所有选项答案：D5. 语言的语法规则可以是：A. 显性的B. 隐性的C. 两者都是D. 两者都不是答案：C6. 以下哪种语言现象不属于语言变异？A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言接触D. 语言消亡答案：D7. 语言的演变通常被认为是：A. 随机的B. 有目的的C. 无意识的D. 有意识的答案：C8. 语言接触可能导致：A. 语言融合B. 语言分离C. 语言借用D. 所有选项答案：D9. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的语境B. 语言的功能C. 语言的意义D. 所有选项答案：D10. 以下哪个术语不属于语义学研究的范围？A. 语义场B. 语义角色C. 语义关系D. 音位学答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的______属性包括音高、音长和音色。

答案：语音2. 语言的______属性包括语法、词汇和语义。

答案：结构3. 语言的______属性涉及语言的社会和文化方面。

答案：社会4. 语言学中的______理论认为语言是一系列规则的集合。

答案：形式主义5. 语言的______是语言学研究的基础单位。

答案：句子6. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的变体。

答案：变异7. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域的变体。

答案：方言8. 语言的______是指语言在不同时间的演变。

答案：历史9. 语言的______是指语言在不同语境中的使用。

答案：语用10. 语言的______是指语言的抽象意义。

专八语言学选择题及复习资料

专八语言学试题一1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.A. a particular languageB. the English languageC. human languages in generalD. the system of a particular language2. The consonant [f] in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: __________.A. voiceless, bilabial, stopB. voiceless, labiodental, fricativeC. voiced, bilabial, stopD. voiced, labiodental, fricative3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form4. In the phrase structure rule "S→NP VP", the arrow can be read as __________.A. is equal toB. consists ofC. hasD. generates5. "I bought some roses" __________ "I bought some flowers".A. entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymous with6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of __________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. manner7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.A. phrasesB. sentencesC. morphemesD. utterances8. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.B. linguisticallyC. culturallyD. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people? __________.A. language and speechB. visual and spatial skillsC. reading and writingD. analytic reasoning10. In general, the __________ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.A. babblingB. one-wordC. two-wordD. multiword答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C专八语言学试题二1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.()A.the conventional nature of languageB.the creative nature of languageC.the universality of languageD.the big difference between human language and animal communication2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.()A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".()A.hierarchicalB.linearC.tree diagramD.vertical4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.()A.Case ConditionB.parameterC.Adjacent ConditionD.Adjacent Parameter5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A.phonemeB.wordC.phrase6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.()misivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicparativeD.historical comparative8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name+last name+titlenguage and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlappingin some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".()A.vocal thoughtB.subvocal thoughtC.covert thoughtD.overt thought10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.()nguage acquisition is a process of habit formationnguage acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use答案1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A专八语言学试题三1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic2.Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3.The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme4.A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator5."Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A. semanticsB. pragmaticsC. sociolinguisticsD. psycholinguistics7.Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A. elaborationB. simplificationC. external borrowingD. internal borrowing8.___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A. Lingua francaB. CreoleC. PidginD. Standard language9.Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10.According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconciousdevelopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally indaily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition答案1.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D6.B7.B8.C9.A 10.D专八语言学试题四1.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___.()A.gradable oppositesB.relational oppositesC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar.()A.Jacob GrimmB.Rasmus RaskC.Franz BoppD.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.()A.unusualB.something to be fearedC.abnormalD.natural4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.()A.Broca's aphasicB.The linguistic deprivationC.The damage on the angular gyrusD.Wernicke's aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows:.()A.They cannot pronounce/n/B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongueC.The teachers do not have a good teaching methodD.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called __worD.()A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormalD.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is __.()rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.()ageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.()A.Linguistic geographyB.LexicologyC.LexicographyD.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.()A.+animate,+male,+human,-adultB.+animate,+male,+human,+adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male,+human,+adult答案1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A10.B专八语言学试题五Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:1 One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitraryKey: B2 The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A3 From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.A. affectiveB. associativeC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: A4 When -ing in 'gangling' is removed to get a verb 'gangle', we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey: B5 ______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.A. DegradationB. SpecializationC. ElevationD. ExtensionKey: C6 As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.A. idiolectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. social dialectKey: A7 When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.A. intonationB. toneC. phonemeD. sentence stressKey: A8 _______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sounD.A. Addition of soundB. Loss of soundC. MetathesisD. AssimilationKey: D9Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.A. Indo-EuropeanB. Sino-TibetanC. Hamito-SemiticD. Malayo-PolynesianKey: B10A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.A. morphemeB. phonemeC. graphemeD. letterKey: C11 All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.A. hyponymsB. compoundsC. blendsD. allomorphsKey: B12 The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.A. concordB. governmentC. recursivenessD. cohesionKey: A13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyD. compoundingKey: A14. The distinction of 'linguistic potential' and 'actual linguistic behavior' is proposed by _______.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: C15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.A. denotativeB. connotativeC. collectiveD. stylisticKey: A16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with language, we are dealing with addressee relationship-continually categorized as "______".A. tenor of discourseB. mode of discourseC. field of discourseD. idiolectKey: A17. According to words' structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: D18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.A. Minimal pairsB. Illocutionary actsC. Social dialectsD. Adjacency pairsKey: D19. The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: B20. The words "encore" and "au pair " are loanwords from _______.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.a. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. J. AustinKey: b22Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of languagea. native English wordsB. borrowed wordsC. echoic wordsD. one-syllable wordsKey: c23 Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]a. voicelessB. oralC. alveolarD. lateralKey: d24 In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.a. dentalB. alveolarC. palatalD. labiodentalKey: d25 In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are ________.a. affricatesB. fricativesC. bilabialD. oral stopsKey: d26 Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correcta. Allophones are different forms of the same phonemeB. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.C. Allophones distinguish meaning.D. Allophones are language specifiC.Key: c27 Which of the following words is not a free morphemea. ableB. petC. changeD. dustyKey: d28 How many morphemes are there in the word dischargeda. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5Key: b29 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes onlya. happinessB. televisionC. ecologyD. teacherKey: c30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.a. interchangeabilityB. productivityC. cultural transmissionD. arbitrarinessKey: c31 The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet 'A rose by any other name would smell as sweet' well illustrates _______.A. the conventional nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communicationKey: A32 Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.A. kiblB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbkKey: A33 The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalKey: B34 It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.A. Case ConditionB. Case ParameterC. Adjacent ConditionD. Adjacent ParameterKey: C35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentenceKey: D36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declarativesKey: A37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.A. title+first nameB. title+titleC. title aloneD. first name+last name+titleKey: C39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".A. vocal thoughtB. subvocal thoughtC. covert thoughtD. overt thoughtKey: D40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisitionA. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.Key: A41. The words "kowtow" and "tea " are loanwords from _______.A. ChineseB. GermanC. ItalianD. SpanishKey: A42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparativeKey: B43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.A. blendingB. clippingC. acronymyKey: A44. According to words' structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.A. isolatingB. fusionalC. analyticD. agglutinativeKey: B45. The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyD. homonymyKey: C46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: D47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.A. phaticB. directiveC. evocativeD. performativeKey: A48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.A. associativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocativeKey: D49. When -or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.A. suffixationB. back-formationC. blendingD. acronymyKey:50. The relation between "rose" and "flower" is labeled as ________.A. gradabilityB. complementarityC. hyponymyKey: C51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.A. dualityB. productivityC. displacementD. arbitrarinessKey: C52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.A. directiveB. informativeC. interrogativeD. expressive53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.A. diachronicB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. prescriptiveKey: B54. The distinction between "competence" and "performance" was made by______ .A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. M. A. HallidayD. L. BloomfieldKey: A55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.A. dentalB. bilabialC. velarD. alveolarKey: D56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word "internationalism" should be regarded as a ___________ .A. rootB. stemC. prefixD. suffixKey: B57. Words such as "telex" and "workfare" are created through ___________.A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blendingKey: D58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as "John is a student." belongs to __________construction.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. coordinateD. subordinateKey: B59. The sense relationship between "male" and "female" is _________.A. complementarityB. gradabilityC. relational oppositesD. hyponymyKey: A60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.A. sentenceB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. utteranceKey: B。

2005年英语专八真题参考答案

TEM8 (2005)Part I Section A Mini-lecture1.basic steps2.raw materials3.head/mind4.facts and opinions5.report/explain/summarize/paraphrase6.objective7.The purpose8.ask questions/ask yourself questions9. a manageable size10.the topic itselfSection B1-5 CADBD6-10 BDACBPart II Reading comprehension11-15 BDACD16-20 BDAAC21-25 ADBBC26-30 BACBDPart III General Knowledge31. _Ottawa ________ is the capital city of Canada.A) Vancouver B) OttawaC) Montreal D) York加拿大（Canada）领土面积全球第二，经济体制主要依靠自然资源。

加拿大政治体制为联邦制、君主立宪制及议会制的国家，加拿大素有“枫叶之国”的美誉。

加拿大是一个移民国家，奉行多元文化。

A．Vancouver:温哥华，加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部城市，重要港口、贸易、工业和铁路交通中心。

B．Ottawa:渥太华，加拿大的首都，位于安大略省东南部。

C．Montreal:蒙特利尔，加拿大魁北克省南部城市，加拿大最大城市和主要港口以及文化、商业和工业中心。

D．York:约克，英格兰北部自治市/美国宾夕法尼亚州南部城市。

32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) ___ four-year ______term.A) two-year B) four-yearC) six-year D) eight-yearU.S. president: 美国总统：美国总统（The President of the United States of America）是美利坚合众国的国家元首、政府首脑与三军统帅，一般被称为Mr. President（总统先生）。

（完整版）英语专八语言学测试题

（完整版）英语专八语言学测试题英语专八人文语言学测试题1. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?A language is a systemB language is symbolicC Animal also have languageD language is arbitrary2. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human loanguage is __________.A arbitraryB non-arbitraryC logicalD non-productive3. Which of the foloowing terms best describes th e “-ate” in the word “affectionate”?A derivational morphemeB infectional morphemeC free morphemeD prefix4. Which of the foloowing terms best describes the pair of words kill and dill?A minimal pairB phonemic contrastC closed class wordsD bound morphemes5. What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace?A synonymyB antonymyC homonymyD polysemy6. /p/ is different from /b/ in ______.A the manner of articulationB the shape of the lipsC the vibration of the vocal cordsD the place of articulation7. Of all the speech organs, the ____ is / are the most flexible.A mouthB lipsC tongueD vocal cords8. The phonological features of the consonant /t/ are ______.A voiced stopB voiceless stopC voiced fricativeD voiceless fricative9. The branch of linguistics that studies show context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ________.A semanticsB pragmaticsC sociaolinguisticsD psycholinguistics10. The utterance “We’ve already eaten ten tons.” Obviously violates the maxim of ______.A qualityB quantityC relationD manner11. All the back vowels in English are pronounced withrounded-lips, i.e. rounded, except _____.A //12. The semantic relationship between the two sentences “Mary’s son is an engineer.” And “Mary has a son.” is _______.A entailmentB presuppositionC synonymyD inconsistency13. Which of the following sentences is a commissive?A The eqarth is round.B I now prinounce you husband and wife.C I’m really sorry!D I’ll be here tomorrow14. Semantic feature analysis attempts to account for the _____ of a word according to the presence or abence of a specific semantic feature in the word.A conceptual meaningB social meaningC connotative meaningD affective meaning15. ____ act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of its literal meaning.A SpeechB LocutionaryC IllocutionaryD Perlocutionary16. _____is a group of people using a given language or dialect. They use the same kind of language or dialect which is highly strtified in terms of social division.A Speech communityB Individual dialectC Regional dialectD Social dialect17. The situation where two very different varieties of the same language are used side by side for two different sets of functions is termed as _______.A diglossiaB bilingualismC multilingualismD register18. A ____is a variety of a language that is not a native language of anynone, but is learned on co9ntact situation such as trading.A pidginB creoleC dialectD lingua franca19. The Word“lab”is formed through _________.A back formationB blendingC clippingD derivation20. Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?A genderB numberC caseD voice21. The pair of words “ lend ”and “ borrow ” are _______.A gradable oppositesB converse oppositesC co-hypinymsD synonyms22. “Big” and “Small ”are a pair of _________opposites.A complementaryB gradableC completeD converse23. _______is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication.A SemanticsB pragmaticsC sociolinguisticsD psycholinguistics24. A variety of a language used recognizably in a specific region or by a specific social class is called __________.A dialectB registersC creolesD pidgins25. In a speech community people have something in common________ -- a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.A sociallyB linguisticallyC culturallyD pragmatically26. [ l ] and [ r ] function in a minimal pair of ___________.A lid and ridB lad and redC peel and peerD both A，B，C27. Man’s linguistic ability enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in his native language, including the sentences which were never heard before. This design feature of language is ____________.A specializationB cultural transmissionC ProductivityD arbitrariness28. The study of language developed over a period of time is generally termed as ______ linguistics, which focuses on the changes and developments of language.A comparativeB appliedC synchronicD diachronic29. Human language operates on two levels of structure. At one level are elements which have no meaning in themselves but which combine to form units at another level which do have meaning. This design feature of language is called ______.A D。

专业八级-语言学真题

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Linguistics
2009 38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is A. corpus linguistics. B. sociolinguistics. C. theoretical linguistics. D. psycholinguistics. 39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register. 40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing A. an illocutionary act. B. a perlocutionary act. C. a locutionary act. D. none of the above.
Linguistics
2010 38.____ refers to the learning and development of a language A. language acquisition B. language comprehension C. language production D. language introduction 39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “ ” in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym 40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” serves A. an expressive function B. an informative function C. a performative function D. a persuasive function

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选A。
2011
40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to _________. A. Pidgin B. Creole C. Multilingualism D. Bilingualism
选D
2008
39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”? A. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.
选A
2008英语专业八级
38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness. B. Displacement. C. Duality. D. Diachronicity.
2005
39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness. B. Productivity. C. Cultural transmission. D. Finiteness.
选C。
2012英语专业八级
38. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n) A. assimilation rule. B. sequential rule. C.deletion rule. D. grammar rule.
答案C：blending
2010
40．Language is tool of communication, the symbol “highway closed” serves A. an expressive function. B. an informative function. C. a performative function. D. a persuasive function
选D
2005
40. The speech act theory was first put forward by A. John Searle. B. John Austin. C. Noam Chomsky D. M.A.K. Halliday
选B
2006英语专业八级
39. is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to. A. Collocation B. Onomatopoeia C. Denotation D. Assimilation
选B
2013
2005-2013 语言学专八真题
2005英语专业八级
38. Syntax is the study of A. language functions. B. sentence structures. C. textual organization. D. word formation. 选B
答案A：language acquisition
2010
39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology. A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D. acronym
选D
2009英语专业八级
38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is A. corpus linguistics. B. sociolinguistics. C. theoretical linguistics. D. psycholinguistics.
40.The sentence “Close your book and liste n to me carefully” performs a(n) functio n. A. interrogative B. informative C. performative D. directive 选D
2010年英语专八
38.____ refers to the learning and development of a language A. language acquisition B. language comprehension C. language production D. language introduction
选A
2013 英语专业八级
38.Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme? A. Unlock B. Government C. Goes D. Off-stage
选C
2013
选B
2008
40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called A. hyponymy. B. synonymy. C. polysemy. D. homonymy.
选B
2007
39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT A. lexical B. syntactic C. phonological D. psycholinguistic
选B
2012
39. Which of the following is an example of clipping? A.APEC. B.Motel. C.Xerox. D.Disco.
选D
2012
40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is called A. register. B. dialect. C. slang. D. variety
选C
2009
40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing A. an illocutionary act. B. a perlocutionary act. C. a locutionary act. D. none of the above. 选A
选D
2007
40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of A. widening of meaning B. narrowing of meaning C. meaning shift D. loss of meaning
选D
2009
39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.
选B
2006
40. The distinction between parole and langue was made by A. Holliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Saussure
选D
2007英语专业八级
38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of wmation. A. Phonology B. Morphology C. Semantics D. Sociolinguistics
38. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of A. reference B. meaning C. antonymy D. context
选D
2006
39. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms C. emotive synonyms D. collocational synonyms

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