观赏鱼病种类概述

观赏鱼病种类概述

通常将鱼病分为两大类:一类主要由有生命的动物或植物引起。由病毒、真菌、细菌以及单细胞藻类等微生物的侵入而引起的疾病，又称微生物鱼病。由于微生物鱼病大多发病急、传播快、发病率与死亡率较高，有较强的传染性，且不易防治，故称之为传染性鱼病。由动物性寄生虫引起的鱼病称寄生虫鱼病，其特点一般是发病和传播较慢，发病率和死亡率较低，防治也较容易。另一类主要是由水体环境的机械、物理、化学等非生物因素或鱼体生理机能失调所引起机体的代谢障碍或机能紊乱而导致的鱼病称为非生物性鱼病。此类鱼病的种类很多，危害较大，涉及面也较广。只要加强管理，做好预防工作，此类鱼病可避免发生。

二、病毒引起的疾病

1.出血病

[病原体] 为疱疹病毒。

[症状] 病鱼的体表发黑无光泽，口腔、肌肉、各种鳍条基部都充血;有时鳃盖、头部、腹壁也有充血现象;鳃丝呈鲜红的点状或斑块状充血;严重的病鱼，因其他器官组织大量充血，使鳃失血而呈苍白，表现出“白鳃”。此外，眼球突出，肠道和各内脏器官表现充血。病鱼食欲不振，行动迟缓，常离群独游或回旋慢游，体质消瘦，肌肉萎缩，以致死亡。发病季节多在6,9月，水温在25,30?最为流行，死亡率颇高。

[治疗方法]

(1)充分照射阳光，并降低水温至25?以下，持续10天左右可见疗效。

(2)用1,食盐水洗浴，持续1周。

(3)用大黄和枫香树叶0.25,0.5千克研成粉—末，经煎煮或热开水浸泡后，配以饵料制成药物饵料喂饲病鱼，连续5天，同时在水族箱中连续2天旅用敌菌灵百

万分之零点六(0.6ppm)。 (4)用敌菌灵百万分之三至五(3,5ppm)，或醋酸铜、氯化铜、硫酸铜溶液百万分之零点七(0.7ppm)，或大黄浸取液进行水浴治疗，有较好效果。

2.痘疮病——又名淋巴囊肿病毒症。

[病原体] 由疱疹病毒的病毒粒子感染所引起。

[症状] 发病初期，病鱼的皮肤表面出现许多白色小斑点，覆盖着二层白色粘液、随着病情的发展，这些白色斑点的数目逐渐增多，区域扩大，患病部位的表皮逐渐增厚，有时厚度可达1,5毫米，形成石蜡状的“增生物”，表面组织由柔软变成软骨状的结缔纽织。这些“增生物”增长到一定程度后，会自动脱落，接着又在原位置重新出现新的“增生物”。这些“增生物”如果占了鱼体表面积的大部分，就会严重地影响鱼的正常生长，使鱼体消瘦，游动迟缓，甚至死亡。若“增生物”不多，对鱼影响不大;一般在春季，水温15?左右时出现病例。由于此病流行不广，甚少发生，危害不大，故未引起重视。

[防治方法] 此病可用左旋体氯霉素治疗;小鱼可用浓度为百万分之零点二二五(0.225ppm)的药液浸洗，个体大的鱼可以注射此药，均能获得一定的疗效。

其它方法:

1、强化秋季培育工作，使金鱼、红鲤、锦鲤在越冬前有一定肥满度，增强抗低温和抗病力。

2、经常投喂水蚤、水蚯蚓、摇蚊幼虫(血虫)等动物性鲜活食料，加强营养，增强对痘疮病的抗病力。

3、用红霉素10ppm浓度浸洗50-60分钟，对预防和早期的治疗有一定的效果。 and special tools for emergency response equipment and facilities. Emergency preparedness and response plan 1) emergency response (1) If a major accident occurs, the project should set up emergency response teams, chaired by the project manager, head of production and safety

coordinators, professional foreman for the crew, primarily responsible for the orderly rescue when an emergency occurs or processing, outsourcing, team manager and support staff, assisting the Deputy Project Manager for related auxiliary work. (2) after the accident, the project manager is responsible for field commander, advance the establishment of emergency response team personnel, accountability, seriously injured officers sent out rescue, have procedures to deal with accidents, incidents, maximum reduction in casualties and property loss.

(3) If an accident occurs, press Division in advance for emergency personnel cleared, concentrate manpower and material and financial resources to rescue the injured, decrease of the maximum loss. (4) after the accident processing work (5) identified the cause of the accident and the person responsible. (6) the written report to the supervisor in writing, including the time and place of the accident, injury (death) person's name, sex, age, trades, injuries, injuries. (7) the development of effective preventive measures to prevent such accidents from happening again. (8) education of all personnel of the organization. (9) informed criticism of those responsible. (10) all personnel read out the results, and responsible disposal. (11) maintenance of emergency supplies, maintenance and testing ? strengthening the day-to-day management of the various fire fighting equipment fire-fighting equipment, authorities should be staffed, equipped with fire extinguishers. Fire hydrants identified person responsible for regularly inspecting, testing, at any time in good condition. ? Guard monthly