2002年专八汉译英

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2002年-2011年英语专业八级翻译汉译英参考答案(题目加答案)

2002年-2011年英语专业八级翻译汉译英参考答案2002年大自然对人的恩赐;无论贫富，一律平等。

所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。

尤其在乡间.上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒。

喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温璐家园。

这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

Poor or rich, people are favored by the Nature equally. So all the humans are uniformly and deeply dependent upon the nature, especially in the countryside, where people lived in the same ways of life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cows, weed and plant flowers, go to church at weekends, and play music instruments on the plaza on festivals, dancing and singing. The fields of the past remain today's pleasant home. In this way every place has its own legends and the customs hand down.2003年得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。

2000年-2015年英语专业八级翻译(英译汉)

2015英译汉At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.参考译文：心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题。

2002年专八翻译汉翻英

种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花
• They plant crops and grapes, brewing to drink wine while they feed and milk cows, sweeping to grow flowers. (小组版) • --sowing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing grasses and planting flowers, (网络版) • They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed gardens to grow flowers. (官方版)
往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园
• The previous countryside is still the warming hometown of today. (小组版) • The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth. (网络版) • The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. (官方版)
所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。 • Therefore, people have been relying on nature deeply all the time. (小组版) • Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to Nature. (网络版) • ,and therefore all men are strongly attached to her. (官方版)

【专八】专八翻译历年真题与答案(2002-2014)

113 专八翻译历年真题与答案（2002-2014）2014专八翻译真题及答案1．汉译英当我小学毕业的时候，亲友一致地愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。

我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的困苦。

可是，我也愿意升学。

我偷偷地考入了师范学校——制服、饭食、书籍、住处，都由学校供给。

只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。

入学，要交十元的保证金。

这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。

当我由师范毕业，被派为小学校的校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。

我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。

After I graduated from primary school, relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress, I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms, books, room and board. To enter the school, I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However, after two weeks’ tough effort, mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation, mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her, "you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing, only with tears streaming down her face.2．英译汉The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can alsobe used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest. Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture-bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And, standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as informal party, but completely out of place in others, such as meeting with a superior. Posture can convey meaning too. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of mood. A lowered head when speaking to a superior (with or without eye contact) can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.演说者与听众之间的实际距离通常来是用来传送演说内容的最佳途径但是同时可以表明很多问题。

【专八】专八翻译练习汉译英50篇与参考译文

126专八翻译练习汉译英50篇及参考译文Translate the underlined part of the text into English.1．在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。

深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。

同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。

虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。

作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。

每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。

庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。

如果看不见僧人，虎就发出几声长啸，随着几阵风飞腾而去。

2．光绪二十六年，八国联军攻占北京。

慈禧太后弃城而走，一直逃到西安。

和谈开始后，她并未马上返回北京。

起初，外国列强的要求里面有一项是让慈禧太后退位，由光绪帝重新执掌朝廷。

不过，在与李鸿章多次会谈后，他们放弃了这一要求。

第二年正式签署和约，随后过了一个月慈禧才终于从西安动身。

她对外国人万分惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。

她在河南停留了很长一段时间，到了保定又逗留多日，好不容易才回到北京。

据野史记载，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。

一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟下旨给那只猴子穿黄马褂。

后来太监报告说，有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧这才发现自己的决定有些荒唐，于是又下旨给随行官员每人一件黄马褂。

得到这殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。

3. 中国对香港的政策是“一国两制”，这个原则不仅对香港经济发展有利，而且和中国本身的利益也是一致的。

我们不想使香港政府在过渡时期无法正常行使其职能，恰恰相反，我们希望它能有效地管理香港的事务，中英联合声明和建造新机场的谅解备忘录就是最好的保证。

至于1997年以后的，全国人民大会已通过了《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》。

专业八级翻译讲解汉译英

2.expression errors:
(2)expressions----wordy repeating not clear in meaning illogical (3)style----improperly formal improperly colloquial improperly literary
3.PASSABLE WITH SOME INACCURACIES (6—5)
The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the most part, readable.
2.expression errors:
(1)words----wrong words no such words (2)expressions----wrong expression no such expression usage error error in collocation awkward
2.GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES(8—7)
The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth, cohesive)

2002年英语专八试卷真题及答案详解详细

2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷●试卷一(95 min)Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities were small in size mainly because ___.A. the urban population was stableB. few people lived in citiesC. transport was backwardD. it was originally planned2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of ___.A. the trade activities they undertookB. the agricultural activities in the nearby areasC. their relatively small sizeD. the non-economic roles they played3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activitiesEXCEPT ___.A. commerceB. distributionC. processingD. transportation4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT ___.A. more economic opportunitiesB. a freer social and political environmentC. more educational opportunitiesD. a more relaxed religious environment5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected throughout the 18th century?A. Because the countryside attracted more people.B. Because cities did not increase in number.C. Because the functions of the cities changed.D. Because the number of city people was stable.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview .At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is ___.A. English language proficiencyB. different cultural practicesC. different negotiation tasksD. the international Americanized style7. J anet‟s attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is ___.A. supportiveB. negativeC. ambiguousD. cautious8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?A. Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D. Brazilians seek more background information.9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?A. The British.B. Germans.C. Americans.D. Not mentioned.10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A. Reserved.B. Prejudiced.C. Polite.D. Prudent.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. The news item is mainly about ___.A. a call for research papers to be read at the conferenceB. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicineC. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalitiesD. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. The news item mainly concerns ___ in Hong Kong.A. Internet centresB. an IBM seminarC. e-governmentD. broadcasting13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the followingEXCEPT ___.A. improvement of government efficiencyB. promotion of e-commerceC. integration of service deliveryD. formulation of Digital 21 StrategyQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?A.9.98.B.9.80.C.9.91.D.9.95.15. The record shows that Bailey was ___.A. still suffering from an injuryB. getting back in shapeC. unable to compete with GreeneD. less confident than beforeSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill in each of the gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Study Activities in University In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. Essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in thehumanities, e.g.(l) ___.benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding.2 ) enabling teachers to know progress and to offer(2) ___.3) familiarizing students with exam forms.2. Seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contexts.benefits: 1) (3)___ enables you to know the effectiveness of and others‟ response to your speech immediately.2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with thanin(4) ___.3) The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged.3. Individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussion.format: from teacher (5)___ to flexible conversation.benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction.4. Lectures: a most (6) ___.used study activity.disadvantages: 1 ) less (7)___ than discussions or tutorials.2) more demanding in note-taking.advantages: 1) providing a general (8)___ of a subject under discussion.2) offering more easily understood versions of a theory.3) updating students on (9)___ developments.4) allowing students to follow different (10) ___.1.___2.___3.___4.___5.___6.___7.___8.___9.___10.___Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/‟ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThere are great impediments to the general use of a standardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt…naturally‟ and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1.___deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2.___speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3.___shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4.___voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting issomething which we almost always know. We begin the 5.___…natural‟ learning of pronunciation long before we start learningto read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6.___ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us formany more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7.___learning even our difficult English spelling. This is …natural‟,8.___therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of ourimmediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as ameans of holding a community and giving a sense of 9.___‟belonging‟. We learn quite early to recognize a ‟stranger‟,someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10.___Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteenmultiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT ADo you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings?Henry Mintzberg, in his book The Nature of Managerial Work , found that in large organizations managers spent 22 per cent of their time at their desk, 6 percent on the telephone, 3 per cent on other activities, but a whopping 69 per cent in meetings.There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for “solving problems” and “making decisions. ” For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inversely proportional to their collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these are the least important elements.Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. It seems, therefore, that meetings serve some purpose other than just making decisions.All meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman. He sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to the point. Sadly, the other, informal role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the “constant talker”, who just loves to hear his or her own voice.Then there are the “can‟t do” types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they have often been in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as an excuse to block change: “It won‟t work, we tried that last year and it was a disaster.”A more subtle version of the “can‟t do” type, the “yes, but… ” has emerged recently. They have learnt about the need to sound positive, but they still can‟t bear to have things change.Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continue until 5:30 pm or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their specialty. They need to call or attend meetings, either to avoid work, or to justify their lack of performance, or simply because they do not have enough to do.Then ther e are the “counter-dependents”, those who usually disagree with everything that is said, particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. These people need to fight authority in whatever form.Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power. In this ease, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others the boundaries of their exclusive club: who is “in”, and who is not.Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision, another game is played at the end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus. Everyone is happy, having spent their time productively. The reality is that the decision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is, there is continuing conflict, for which another meeting is necessary.In the end, meetings provide the opportunity for social intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our bosses, to avoid unpleasant or unsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating, if not preventing, change.16. On role-playing, the passage seems to indicate that chairman ___.A. talks as much as participantsB. is usually a “constant talker”C. prefers to take the role of an observerD. is frequently outshone by participants17. Which of the following is NOT a distinct characteristic of the three types of participants?A. Submissiveness.B. Stubbornness.C. Disobedience.D. Lack of focus.18. The passage suggests that a false consensus was reached at the end of a meeting in order to ___.A. make room for another meetingB. bring an illusory sense of achievementC. highlight the importance of a meetingD. go ahead with the agreed programmeTEXT BCooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over what‟ s going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there‟s no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Let‟s just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carders are stillhurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago——just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing——the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there‟s the promise of “seamless” travel : the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific‟ s director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. “It‟s fair to say that t hese links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We‟re working on this. ” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: “Global traveller s have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries.” Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo overalliances is much ado about nothing. “I don‟t see much of a gain forconsumers:alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I‟ll believe it when I see it. Most airlines can‟t even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline.”Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveller you are.Those who‟ve already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you‟re a Marco Polo Club “gold” member of Cathay Pacific‟s Asia Miles FFP, you will auto matically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a member—even if you‟ve never flown with them before.For those who haven‟t made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline‟s Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25, 000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member — All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways.If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren‟t all things to all people-but everybody can get some benefit out of them.19. Which is the best word to describe air travellers‟ reaction to airline alliances?A. Delight.B. Indifference.C. Objection.D. Puzzlement20. According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit ___.A. North American airlines and their domestic travellersB. North American airlines and their foreign counterpartsC. Asian airlines and their foreign travellersD. Asian airlines and their domestic travellers21. Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?A. Baggage allowance.B. Passenger comfort.C. Convenience.D. Quality.22. One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be mere expensive as a result of ___.A. less convenienceB. higher operation costsC. less competitionD. more joint marketing23. According to the passage, which of the following categories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances?A. Travellers who fly frequently economy class.B. Travellers who fly frequently business class.C. Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays.D. Travellers who fly economy class once in a while.TEXT CIt is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in toEnglish, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on.Partly, it‟s that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a Frenche-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world‟s deepest pockets.The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they‟ve decided upon English as their common tongue.So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name—and settled on E nglish as the company‟scommon language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year.How did this happen? One school attributes English‟s great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It‟s a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A. D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French were added. Theresult is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its pa rents. What‟s more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change—foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts—in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academic Francaise, has not.So it‟s a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language‟s ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition— first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German—faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London th e world‟s most important financial centre, which made English a key language for business. England‟s colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U. S. rose to the status of the world‟s preem inent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn.In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who had n‟t studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning tolook at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internetcame along.The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily.None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish)speakEnglish well enough to carry on a conversation. That‟s a lot more than those who can speak German (32% ) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans don‟ t speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition.But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union‟s non-English-speaking countries, 91 % of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasn‟t been all that traumatic, and it‟s only going to get easier in the future.24. In the author‟s opinion, what really underlies the rising status of English in France and Europe is ___.A. American dominance in the Internet software businessB. a practical need for effective communication among EuropeansC. Europeans‟ eagerness to do business with American businessmenD. the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other25. Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasonsEXCEPT its ___.A. inherent linguistic propertiesB. association with the business worldC. links with the United StatesD. disassociation from political changes26. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future?A. About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B. U. S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.C. Most secondary school students in Europe study English.D. Most Europeans continue to use their own language.27. The passage mainly examines the factors related to ___.A. the rising status of English in EuropeB. English learning in non-English-speaking E. U. nationsC. the preference for English by European businessmenD. the switch from French to English in the European CommissionTEXT DAs humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour.At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.This is an entirely new situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving humankind‟s struggle to preserve the enviro nment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to the onslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes,with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparentcause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them.As technology becomes ever more potent and nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a dichotomous mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between the higher echelons of the international politicalstructure and its grassroots level, between governments and NGOs, between state and civil society, between public and private enterprise.The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.On the other hand, the macro-world in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a new type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid。

1995—2002年英语专八翻译真题及答案

英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案（1995-2005）1995 年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。

因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。

但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。

有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。

这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。

史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。

也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of itsdepth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deepor not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) thefact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts)to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.1996 年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。

专八历年翻译真题详解

【2001年8级测试英译汉】Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels1. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high2. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it3. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties4. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”5. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless6.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard of the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty7. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.【概述】这是一篇说理性的议论文，文章评论美国19世纪哲学家、思想家、作家亨利·大卫·梭罗对人生幸福的看法。

2002年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析

第二、句子的主干结构是：主句+两个并列关系的原因状语从句之所以……，部分是因为……，部分是因为……
第三、词的处理：
the explanatory items 用以解释的要素(内容，项目)
other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式
完整的译文：
62)行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
2002年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析
2002年英译汉试题
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为三段：They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, /and they're essential to practices/in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
第二、句子的结构：
1)主干结构是两个并列句They are the possessions of ... and they're essential to...

2000-2010年英语专业八级考试翻译真题及参考答案

2003年英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案2003年E-C：In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis(大城市，大都市). But his cousin looks around bewildered(困惑、迷惑). All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements(改造的地方)which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating(讲述、描述、阐述)a distinctly American trait,future-mindedness(minded:有思想的，着眼未来的): the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered 【没有阻碍的, 不受妨碍的;cumber(n.)障碍→encumber(v.)阻碍→encumbered有阻碍的→unencumbered没有阻碍的】by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming(会变成什么样子), never being(现在是什么样子).”参考译文：詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀在其经典小说《拓荒者》中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。

01-14年专八汉译英(附答案)

01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案：2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。

老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。

因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。

当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。

我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。

可是，我也愿意升学。

我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。

只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。

入学，要交十圆的保证金。

这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。

她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。

当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。

我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。

参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face.2013年生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。

2002-2010英语专八英译汉答案

Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play "helpless", nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.
詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀在其名著《拓荒者》一书中写到主人公，一位土地开发商，带着表妹四处参观自己正在规划中的城镇，津津乐道地描述着宽广的大道，鳞次擳比的高楼和生机盎然的大都市。但表妹环顾四周而茫然。他看到的仅仅是一片树林： “你给我指的美景和大厦到底在哪儿呢？”开发商闻言大惊：“在哪儿？这不到处都是嘛？！”尽管大厦还未破土动工，但他们在开发商的脑海里早已成形，而且真切得如同造好竣工一样。库珀在这里揭示了一种美国人特有的品性—— 前瞻意识:站在将来的高度看现在，自由地抛开历史羁绊而放眼将来。正如艾尔伯特•爱因斯坦所说： “美国人永远生活在将来而不是现在。”

历年英语专业八级翻译

1997—2012英语专八真题翻译（汉翻英）1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。

我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。

但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。

因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。

他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。

”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。

1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laborat ory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。

2002英语专八阅读翻译Text C

Text C在全世界特别是商界中英语的应用呈上升趋势，这不是新闻。

这种趋势也出现在法国这个发起反对美图文化霸权主义全球战争的总部。

如果法国人也向英语屈服的话，就真的是发生大事件了。

现在正上演着某些大事件。

部分事件是美国的霸权主义。

一家法国电子商务软件公司的首席执行官Didier Benchimol感到自己不得不说好英语，这是因为互联网软件领域由美国人统治。

因此想将公司情况介绍给美国投资人——全球最富裕的专家，他及其他法国商人也不得不说英语。

但是英国在法国及欧洲其他国家取得的胜利也许有其他更持久的原因。

欧洲人由于在政治、经济上相互融人，他们需要某种途径，相互之间进行交流，也需要途径与世界进行交流。

基于许多原因，他们决定选择英语作为通用语。

因此去年当德国化学制药公司Hoechst和法国竞争对手Rhone Roulent合并时，两家公司选择语义含糊的Latinate Aventis作为新公司的名字——决定使用英语为公司通用语。

当去年来自欧洲各地的货币政策制定者开始在位于法兰克福的欧洲中央银行开会，为新的欧洲大陆制定利率时，他们在进行审议时使用的也是英语。

甚至欧洲委员会这个使用U种官方语言，传统上使用法语的官方机构去年都成功转换，将英语作为工作语言。

这是怎么了呢?一种说法是将英语取得的巨大成功完全归功于该语言的优点。

英语属于日尔曼语，在公元5世纪引入英国。

在1066年诺曼征服后法语占统治地位的四个世纪里，英语演变成了完全不同的语言。

法语词汇大规模地加入到英语中，日尔曼语法中大多数的复杂变化消失，而法语中的复杂变化很少引入英文。

结果英语就有了非常多的词汇、简单的语法，与德语和法语相比，可以更有效率地表达多数事情。

此外，英语可以不受控制、随意更改——外来问，新造的字，语法转换——这种改变是法国纯化论者Academie Francaise统治下的法语所没有经历过的。

因此英语是非常好的语言，特别是对商务而言。

但是过去几个世纪中英语的崛起很明显要归功于历史和经济，至少这同英语在经济学上表达双赢概念的能力同样重要。

专八翻译真题(2002-2012)

2012八级翻译真题1.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。

但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来.令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中,眉心发烫发热,胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。

院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。

她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步,这房里还有其他小孩。

整个房间只有一扇窗,窗外树影婆娑。

就让孩子留下来吧,这里有善心的神父和修女,这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。

这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。

她将秘密留在心头。

参考答案：With pains gathering in her heart, she felt something burning hot between her eyebrows。

Her chest was brimmed with depression and sorrow which was about to run out of her throat in any moment。

She could not think straight when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where other children were staying. There was only one window in the room，out of which some shady trees were dancing. “Just leave it here”, she thought to herself，“This might be the best choice。

英语专业八级翻译真题(1998年

TEM-8 翻译部分英语专业八级翻译真题（1998年——2007年）第一部分汉译英Passage 1.( 1998年)1997年2月24日我们代表下榻日月潭中信大饭店,送走了最后一批客人,已是次日凌晨3点了.我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只见四周群峦叠翠,湖面波光粼粼.望着台湾这仅有地景色如画地天然湖泊,我想了许多,许多……这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论地一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪地强盛.虽然祖国大陆.台湾地青年生活在不同地社会环境中,有着各自不同地生活经历,但大家地内心都深国统一大业地早日完成.世纪之交地宝贵机遇和巨大挑战把青年推到了历史地前台.跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样地姿态迎接充满希望地新世纪,这是我们必须回答地问题.日月潭水波不兴,仿佛与我一同在思索……Passage 2.( 1999年)加拿大地温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日,但城市地发展令世界瞩目.以港立市,以港兴市,是许多港口城市生存发展地道路.经过百年开发建设,有着天然不冻良港地温哥华,成为举世闻名地港口城市,同亚洲.大洋洲.欧洲.拉丁美洲均有定期班轮,年货物吞吐量达到8,000万吨,全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业.温哥华（Vancouver）地辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋地结晶,其中包括多民族地贡献.加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足3000万.吸收外来移民,是加拿大长期奉行地国策.可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同地只是时间长短而已.温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数地多民族城市.现今180万温哥华居民中,有一半不是在本地出生地,每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人.而25万华人对温哥华地经济转型起着决定性地作用.他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区地,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大地中国人聚居地.Passage 3.( 2000年)中国科技馆地诞生来之不易.与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比,它先天有些不足, 后天也常缺乏营养,但是它成长地步伐却是坚实而有力地.它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀 .世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石.标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物地演化历史.第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆,它所展示地是工业文明带来地各种阶段性结果 .这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识地作用,但是,它们把参观者当成了被动地旁观者 .世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念地博物馆.在这里,观众可以自己去动手操作,自己细心体察.这样,他们可以更贴近先进地科学技术,去探索科学技术地奥妙.中国科技馆正是这样地博物馆.它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆地长处,设计制作了力学.光学.电学.热学.声学.生物学等展品,展示了科学地原理和先进地科技成果.Passage 4.( 2001年)乔羽地歌大家都熟悉.但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知,那就是钓鱼和喝酒.晚年地乔羽喜爱垂钓,他说：“有水有鱼地地方大都是有好环境地,好环境便会给人好心情.我认为最好地钓鱼场所不是舒适地.给你准备好饿鱼地垂钓园,而是那极其有吸引力地大自然野外天成地场所.”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情地运动,有益于身心健康.乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣,面对一池碧水,将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边,使自己地身心得到充分休息.”Passage 5.( 2002年)大自然对人地恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等.所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着.尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变地方式生活着.种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴.跳舞和唱歌.往日地田园依旧是今日地温馨家园.这样, 每个地方都有自己地传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来.Passage 6 ( 2003年)得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿觉打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来. 一个春天地傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢.我在山坡地小屋里,悄悄掀起窗帘,窥见园中大千世界,一片繁华,自己地哥姐,堂表弟兄,也穿插其间,个个喜气洋洋.一霎时,一阵被人摈弃,为世所遗地悲愤兜上心头,禁不住痛哭起来.Passage7 ( 2004年)在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义.人是很有趣地,往往在接触一个人时首先看到地都是他或她地优点.这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐地经验.开始吃头盘或冷碟地时候,印象很好.吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口.愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了.于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头.这是因为,第一,开始吃地时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜如蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜.第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖地茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧.Passage8 ( 2005年)一个人地生命究竟有多大意义,这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对地标准当然很困难；但是,大体上看一个人对待生命地态度是否严肃认真,看他对待劳动.工作.生活等等地态度如何,也就不难对这个人地存在意义做出适当地估计了.古来一切有成就地人,都很严肃地对待自己地生命,当他活着一天,总要尽量多劳动.多工作.多学习,不肯虚度年华,不让时间白白地浪费掉.我国历代地劳动人民及大政治家.大思想家等等都莫不如此.Passage9 ( 2006年)中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面地表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当地地位,而非绝对统治万物地主宰.因此我们地苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷地强弱原是随欲望与野心地大小而转移地.农业社会地人比工业社会地人享受差得多；因此欲望也小得多.况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要地人生哲学.并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下地守财奴与野心家来,就小巫见大巫了.中国民族多数是性情中正和平.淡泊.朴实.比西方人容易满足.Passage10 ( 2007年)暮色中,河湾里落满云霞,与天际地颜色混合一起,分不清哪是流云哪是水湾.也就在这一幅绚烂地图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食.它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,看一眼这美丽地黄昏.也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家地最后一刻再次咀嚼.这是黄河滩上地一幕.牧羊人不见了,他不知在何处歇息.只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏.这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚地.如果走近了,你会发现它们洁白地牙齿,以及那丰富而单纯地表情.Passage11 ( 2008年)都市寸土千金,地价炒得越来越高,今后将更高.拥有一个小小花园地希望,对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望,一种梦想.我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,这便是我们地内心世界.人地智力需要开发,人地内心世界也是需要开发地.人和动物地区别,除了众所周知地诸多方面,恐怕还在于人有内心世界.心不过是人地一个重要脏器,而内心世界是一种景观,它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成地.每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏地渐损,以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日.但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人地内心世界地阴晴.Passage12 ( 2009年)我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机.今天没有手机地人是奇怪地,这种人才需要解释.我们地所有社会关系都储存在手机地电话本里,可以随时调出使用.古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝.手机刷新了人与人地关系.会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机.可是会议室里地手机铃声仍然响成一片.我们都是普通人,并没有多少重要地事情.尽管如此,我们也不会轻易关掉手机.打开手机象征我们与这个世界地联系.手机反映出我们地“社交饥渴症”.最为常见地是,一个人走着走着突然停下来,眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信.他不在乎停在马路中央还是厨所旁边.为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎？因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系. .Passage13 ( 2010年)朋友关系地存续是以相互尊重为前提地,容不得半点强求.干涉和控制.朋友之间,情趣相投.脾气对味则合.则交；反之,则离.则绝.朋友之间再熟悉.再亲密,也不能随便过头.不恭不敬.不然,默契和平衡将被打破,友好关系将不复存在.每个人都希望拥有自己地私密空间,朋友之间过于随便,就容易侵入这片禁区,从而引起冲突,造成隔阂.待友不敬,或许只是一件小事,却可能已埋下了破坏性地种子.维持朋友亲密关系地最好办法是往来有节,互不干涉.第二部分英译汉Passage 1.( 1998年)I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not preeminent — e. g. in painting and music — they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an "English tradition" after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture,the same style in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own —and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.Passage 2.( 1999年)In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society butthey have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.Passage 3.( 2000年)If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years layahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.Passage 4.( 2001年)Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation,but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort aswould keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life- engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that itpurports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.Passage 5.( 2002年)The word "winner" and "loser" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makessomeone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play "helpless", nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.Passage 6 ( 2003年)In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James FenimoreCooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For thought they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming, never being.”Passage7 ( 2004年)For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sunrise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to writea few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I’m lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty ad need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the worlds falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.Passage8 ( 2005年)It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet fewpeople ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.Passage9 ( 2006年)On May 13, 1940, newly appointed British Prime Minister Winston Churchill gave his first speech to the British Parliament in which he prepares them for the long battle againstNazi aggression, at a time when the very survival of England was in doubt.“… I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs - Victory in spite of all terrors - Victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, ‘Come then, let us go forward together with our unitedstrength’."Passage10 ( 2007年)Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.Passage 11 ( 2008年)But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married, the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.Passage12 ( 2009年)We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though notall - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: "They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent."So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.Passage13 ( 2010年)I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May, that it was Easter Sunday, and as yet very early in the morning. I was standing at the door of my own cottage. Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation, but exalted, as was usual, and solemnized by the power of dreams. There were the same mountains, and the same lovely valley at个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途their feet; but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height, and there was interspace far larger between them of meadows and forest lawns; the hedges were rich with white roses; and no living creature was to be seen except that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the graves, and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had tenderly loved, just as I had really seen them, a little before sunrise in the same summer, when that child died.267。

2002年专八翻译汉翻英

大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。
• The gift of nature is equal to everyone ,no matter how rich or poor he is . (小组版) • Equal are the generous gifts granted /distributed by Nature to all human individuals, whether they are wealthy or impoverished. (网络版) • The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. (官方版)
种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花
• They plant crops and grapes, brewing to drink wine while they feed and milk cows, sweeping to grow flowers. (小组版) • --sowing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing grasses and planting flowers, (网络版) • They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed gardens to grow flowers. (官方版)
往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园
• The previous countryside is still the warming hometown of today. (小组版) • The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth. (网络版) • The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth. (官方版)

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