[翻译研究词典]术语翻译分解
英语翻译家基础：专业术语翻译
翻译研究词典1. Absolute Translation 绝对翻译按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求而采用的七种翻译类型之一。
在绝对翻译中，整个源文本被转换成目标语，对原文内容和形式都不加以改动。
According to Gouadec, one of seven types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements which can arise during the course of their work. In absolute translation, the whole of ST is transferred into TL, with no alteration to the content or the form of the original document.2. Abstract Translation 摘要翻译古阿德克提出的用以应付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之一。
摘要翻译是将源文本的全部信息扼要译出，目的是让客户“迅速得到特定类型的信息”。
其方法有多种：第一种是翻译源文本的一般主题思想；第二种是概述源文本的主要内容、文本主旨及次要内容；第三种是节录源文本中一切有用的内容。
According to Gouadec, one of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfill the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment. In abstract translation, a condensed translation of all the information in ST is made in order to give the client "rapid access to specific types of information". This may be done in various ways. Firstly, the generic themes of the text may be translated; secondly, a description may be given of the generic content and the objectives of the text and its sub-units; thirdly, an abridged translation of all the useful content of the text may be supplied.3. Abusive Translation 滥译路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。
英语词汇学引论 术语翻译
Abberbation 缩写；缩略Ablative case 夺格（即第五个或工具格）Absolute synonym 绝对同义词Accusative case 直接宾格Acronym 首字母缩略词Aderbial clause of concession 让步状语从句Affix 词缀Affixation 词缀法Alien 外国词Alliteration 头韵Alphabetical order 字母表顺序Amelioration 进化Analogy 类比Analytic language 分析性语言Anthropomorphic 拟人化的Antonym 反义词Antonymy 翻译关系Approach to 方法Archaism 古词Arbitrary 任意的Argot 黑话Autosemantic 词本身有独立意义的Base 词基Back-formation 逆成法Bilingual 双语的Blend 拼缀词Blending 拼缀法Borrowed word 借词Borrowing 借词Bound morpheme 粘着形位Briton 布立吞人Capitalization 大写Case 格Classical element 古典成分Clipping 缩短法Collocability 词的搭配能力Collocation 词的搭配Colloquialism 口语词Colloquial style 口语语体Combining form 构词成分Complementaries 互补性反义词Complex word 复合词Compound 合成词Compound word 合成词Compounding 合成法Concatenation 连锁型语义演变过程Conjugation 动词变位Connotative meaning 内含意义Context 语境Contraries 相对性反义词Conventional 约定俗成的Converging sound-development 语音发展的一致性Conversion 转类法Conversives 换位性反义词Cosmopolitan character 国际性Dative case 与格（第三格）De-adjectival 由形容词转变而来的Declension 名词、形容词等的变格Degradation of meaning 意义的降格Denizen 外来词Denominal nouns :abstract 纯名词表示抽象意义Denominal nouns :concrete 纯名词表示具体意义Denotative meaning 外延意义Derivative antonym 派生反义词Deterioration 退化Deverbal noun 由动词派生的名词Diachronic approach 历时分析法Diachronic dictionary 历史语言学词典Diachrony 历时分析Dialect 方言Double genitive case 双生格Doublets 两词一组的同义词Elevation of meaning 意义的升格Encyclopaedic dictionary 百科全书词典Entry 词条Etymology 词源学Euphemism 委婉语Euphony 语音的和谐悦耳Existing word 现行的词Exocentric word 离心结构合成词Extension of meaning 意义的扩大Figure of speech 修饰手段Figurative use 比喻用法Foreign element 外来语成分Formal word 书面词Form-word 虚词Free from 自由形式Free morpheme 自由形位Free phrase 自由词组French element 法语成分Full conversion 完全转类法Full word 实词Functional word 虚词Generalization 一般化Genitive case 生格（第二格）General dictionary 一般性词典Glossary 难词Headword 词目Homoform 同语法形式异义词Homograph 同形异音异义词Homonym 同音异义词；同形异义词；同音同形异义词Homonymy 同音、同形、同音同形异义词的研究Homophone 同音异形异义词Hybrid 混合词Hyponym 下意词Hyponymy 上下意关系Idiom 习语Idiomatic phrase 惯用语词组Imperative sentence 祈使句Indo-European family 印欧语系Inflected language 曲折性语言Informal word 口语词Jargon 行话Latin element 拉丁语成分Leveled inflections 曲折变化弱化Linguistic context 语言语境Literal use 字面用法Loan-word借词Locative case 位置格Locative prefix 表示地点的前缀Lost inflections 曲折变化消失Main stress 主重音Medium-sized dictionary 中型词典Metaphor隐喻Middle English 中古英语Miscellaneous prefix 混合型前缀Monosemy 一词单意Morpheme 形位Morphology 词法Motivation 理据Multilingual 用多种语言表达的；多语的Narrowing of meaning 意义的缩小Native element 本族语成分Native word 本族语词Negative prefix 表示否定的前缀Neo-classical 新古典主义的Neologism 新词New word 新词Nominative case 主格Nonce word 临时造的词Non-linguistic context 非语言语境Notional word 实词Number prefix 表示数目的前缀Obsolete word 费词Official language 官方语言Old English 古英语Onomatopoeia 象声词Open 分开写的Orthographic criterion 正字法标准Part of the speech 词类Partial conversion 部分转类法Pejorative prefix 表示贬义的前缀Pahatic communion 交际性谈话Phonetics 语音学Phonology 音位学Phraseological idiom 熟语Physiology 生理学Pocket dictionary 小型词典Polarity 对立性Polysemic character 一词多义性Polysemy 一词多义Popular 通俗的Possessive case 所有格Preciseness 精确性Prefix 前缀Prefixation 前缀法Private prefix 表示反义的前缀radiation 放射型的语义演变过程reduplicative compound 或者reduplicative(s )重叠合成词reference 语词所指涵义referent 语词所指事物relative synonym 相对同义词repetition 重复representative work 代表作reversative prefix表示反义的前缀rhyme 韵脚richness丰富性root 词根root antonym词根反义词Scandinavian element 斯堪的纳维亚语成分Secondary stress次重音Semantic borrowing(s)义借词Semantics语义学Semiotic triangle三角关系符号学理论Sense-shift语义转换Shade of meaning意义的（细微）差别Shortening缩短法(the)sign theory of Saussure索绪尔符号理论Signified（借助符号进行交际的）事物的概念或涵义Signifier代表事物的概念或涵义符号Simile明喻Slang俚语solid(合成词中两个词）连起来写的special dictionary专门性词典specialization 特殊化Spelling拼写Stem词干Stylistics文体学Suffix后缀Suffixation后缀法(the)superordinate (term)上义词Survival(s)(vestiges)保留下来的词Sychronic approach共时分析法Sychronic dictionary共时语言学词典Synchrony共时分析Synesthetic（产生）联觉的Synecdoche提喻法Synonym同义词Synonymy 同义关系Synsemantic 与其他词连用时才有意义的Teutonic language条顿（日耳曼）语言The Angles,Saxons and Jutes盎格鲁人撒克逊人，朱特人The Norman conquest 诺曼征服英国Translation-loans译借词Triplets三词一组的同义词Unabridged dictionary 大型（无任何删节的）词典Variety (语言的）变体Word-class 词类Word -formation word-building 构词法Word-forming ability 构词能力Word-stock词汇Working language 工作语言。
语言学 术语翻译及术语解释
术语翻译及术语解释汇总术语翻译1.Design features of language（语言的甄别特征）Arbitrariness（任意性），Duality（二层性/二重性），Creativity（创造性/原创性），Displacement（移位性），Cultural transmission（文化传播），Interchangeability（可互换性）2. Functions of languagereferential 指称功能 poetic 诗学功能 emotive情感功能conative 劝慰功能 phatic寒暄功能 metalingual function 元语言功能ideational function概念功能 interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇/文本功能 Informative（信息/告知功能），Performative Function（施为功能）， Emotive Function（情感功能），Phatic communion（寒暄交谈）， Recreational Function（娱乐功能），3. Phonetics(语音学)， Phonology（音系/音位学）; Morphology（形态学）， Syntax（句法学）;Semantics（语义学）， Pragmatics（语用学）Articulatory phonetics发音语音学 Acoustic phonetics声学语音学Auditory phonetics听觉语音学 Psycholinguistics心理语言学Sociolinguistics社会语言学 Anthropological linguistics人类语言学Computational linguistics计算语言学 Applied linguistics应用语言学Neurolinguistics神经语言学4. Descriptive vs. prescriptive描写式和规定式Synchronic vs. diachronic共时和历时 Langue vs. parole语言和言语Competence vs. performance语言能力和语言行为5. Vocal tract 声道(resonating cavities共鸣腔)， pharynx咽腔, oral cavity口腔 and nasal cavity鼻腔.其它的一些发音器官：lungs肺, windpipe（trachea）气管, vocal folds声带,larynx喉, epiglottis会厌，次声门, pharynx咽, uvula小舌, hard palate硬腭, soft palate软腭, alveolar ridge齿龈6.Consonants and vowels（辅音和元音）A. Manners of articulation发音方式B. Places of articulation发音位置7. Stop (or plosive)爆破音 Fricative摩擦音 Approximant近似音Lateral (approximant)边音 Affricates塞擦音, trill颤音 and tap 闪音Bilabial双唇音 Labiodental唇齿音 Dental齿音 Alveolar齿龈音Postal veolar后齿龈音 Retroflex卷舌音 Palatal硬腭音Velar软腭音 Uvular小舌音, pharyngeal咽音 glottal声门音monophthong vowel: 单元音 diphthongs双元音 triphthongs三元音Lax vowels短元音 Tensed vowels长元音8.Coarticulation and phonetic transcription协同发音和标音anticipatory coarticulation先期协同发音 perseverative coarticulation后滞协同发音.broad transcription宽式标音 narrow transcription严式标音9. minimal pairs最小对立体 Phoneme音位phonemic transcriptions音位转写 phonetic transcriptions语音转写phones音子 allophones音位变体 complementary distribution互补分布phonetic similarity发音近似性 Free variation自由变体assimilation同化 regressive assimilation逆同化progressive assimilation顺同化phonological rule 音系规则 Epenthesis增音 binary 二分的Distinctive features区别特征Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions向心结构和离心结构subordinate and coordinate从属和并列Conceptual meaning概念意义Associative meaning:联想意义Connotative meaning内涵意义 Social meaning社会意义Affective meaning情感意义 Reflected meaning反射意义Collocative meaning搭配意义 Thematic meaning主位意义denotation: 外延意义 connotation: 内涵The referential theory:指称理论Semantic triangle语义三角Sense and reference：涵义和指称Synonymy同义关系 Antonymy反义关系 Hyponymy上下义关系Polysemy一词多义关系 Homonymy 同音/形异意关系Dialectal synonyms 地域同义词 Stylistic synonyms风格同义词Collocational synonyms搭配同义词gradable antonymy 等级反义关系 cover term覆盖项Marked vs. unmarked terms标记项和非标记项complementary antonymy 互补反义关系 converse antonymy 逆向反义关系homophones: 同音异义词 homographs : 同形异义词complete homonyms semantic components语义部分术语解释1. Design feature的定义：the defining（最典型的，起决定作用的）properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.2. Synchronic共时：It refers to the description of a language at somepoint of time in history.3. Diachronic历时：It studies the development or history of language.In other words, it refers to the description of a language as it changes through time .4. prescriptive规定式：A kind of linguistic study aims to lay downrules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language.5. descriptive描写式: A kind of linguistic study aims to describe andanalyze the language people actually use.6. Arbitrariness（任意性）:By saying that “language is arbitrary”, wemean that there is no logical connection between meaning and sound.7. Duality（二层性/二重性）:it means that language is a system,which consists of two levels of structures, at the lower level there is the structure of sounds; at the higher level there is the structure of meaning.8. Displacement（移位性）: it means that language can be used tocommunicate about things that are not present in our immediate communicational context.9. competence语言能力:it refers to an ideal speaker’s knowledge ofthe underlying system of rules in a language.10. Performance语言行为: it refers to the actual use of the language bya speaker in a real communicational context.11. Langue语言: it refers to the speaker’s understanding and knowledgeof the language that he speaks.12. Parole言语: it is the actual speaking of language by an individualspeaker.13. Cultural transmission（文化传播）:It refers to the fact that thedetails of the linguistic system must be learned anew（重新，再）by each speaker. Language is not transmitted biologically from generation to generation.14. Phatic communion（寒暄交谈）:it refers to ritual exchanges,exchanges that have little meaning but help to maintain our relationships with other people.15. Phonetics(语音学): it is the study of the characteristics of speechsounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.16. Vowels元音：the sounds in the production of which no articulatorscome very close together and the air-stream passes through the vocal tract without obstruction.17. Consonants辅音：The sounds in the production of which there is anobstruction of the air-stream at some point of the vocal tract.18. Phonology: it is the study of the sound systems of languages and it isconcerned with the linguistic patterning of sounds in human languages. And it studies the way in which speakers of a language systematically use a selection of these sounds in order to express meaning.19. Phoneme音位: the smallest unit of sound in a language which candistinguish two words.20. Allophone音位变体: it refers to the different forms of a phoneme.21. Assimilation: it is a process by which one sound takes on some or allthe characteristics of a neighboring sound.22. Coarticulation: a kind of phonetic process in which simultaneous oroverlapping articulations are involved.23. complementary distribution互补分布:when two sounds neveroccur in the same environment, they are in complementary distribution.24. Free variation自由变体: if two sounds occurring in the sameenvironment do not contrast, that is, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word form, but merely a different pronunciation of the same word, then the two sounds are in free variation.25. Distinctive features区别特征： A phonetic feature whichdistinguishes one phonological unit, especially one phoneme, from another.26. minimal pairs最小对立体----- which can be defined as pairs ofwords which differ from each other by only one sound.27. vowel glides滑音: The vowels involving movement from one soundto another are called vowel glides.28. Epenthesis增音：it means a process of inserting a sound afteranother sound.29. Substitution relation: it refers to the relation specifically between anindividual unit and others that can replace it in a given sequence. 30. Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionallyequivalent, or approaching equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the centre, or head, of the whole.31. Exocentric construction: a group of syntactically related wordswhere none of them is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable center or head inside the group 32. Reference: it is the relationship between words and the objects,actions or properties that the words stand for. It deals with the extra-linguistic relationships between words and expressions and the world they describe.(具体的物质性的东西)33. Synonymy ：It refers to the sameness sense relations betweenwords.34. Componential analysis ：Componential analysis defines themeaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components语义部分.35. Sense: it refers to the complex system of relationships that holdbetween linguistic elements themselves, it is concerned only with intra-linguistic relations.（概念性的东西）36. Semantics：semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units,words and sentences in particular.37. Homonymy: the phenomenon that words having different meaningshave the same form, i.e., different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.38. Antonymy：It refers to the oppositeness sense relations betweenwords.39. Hyponymy上下义关系：Hyponymy indicates sense inclusiveness.The upper term in this sense relation is called superordinate上义词, and the lower terms,hyponyms下义词, members of the same class are called co-hyponyms.。
中英文对照术语表精选全文
加速试验
acceptance criteria
认可标准
accuracy
准确性
acelerated/stress stability Studies
加速/强力破坏稳定性研究
acetylation
乙酰化作用
achiral assay
非手性测定
achlorhydric elderly
老年性胃酸缺乏症
action limits
内控限值
active components/comcound/moiety
活性成分
active ingredient
活性组分
adaption to specific culture conditions
特定培养条件的适应
additives
添加剂
adjuvant
佐剂
adventitious agents
精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）
中英文对照术语表(ICH 质量)
英文
中文
abbreviated or abridged aplication
简略申请
abnormal karyology
异常核形
absorbed moisture
吸附水
acceptable daily intake
可接受的日摄入量
acceptable test
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翻译术语
陪同传译escort translationAnalogical Form类同形式Pragmatic Approach语用途径Dynamic equivalence动态对等Service translation服务型翻译Voids空缺Partial theories of translation局部翻译理论Hermeneutic motion诠释步骤Kernel sentence核心句Serial translation序列翻译Diachronic perspective历时角度Illusory correspondence 假象等值Autonomy Spectrum自立幅度Exegetic translation诠释性翻译Extraneous form外来形式Interlineal translation隔行翻译Inverse translation逆向翻译Mimetic form模仿形式Participative receiver参与型接受者Particularizing translation具体化翻译Regulative translational conventions规约性翻译常规Repertoreme知识库要素Stylistic equivalence文体对等Terminology术语Transcription注音deviation norm偏差规范cognitive linguistic view on translation翻译的认知观equivalent effect等效servile translation硬译转移法transfer选词diction视点转换shift of perspective辞格转换conversion of figures of speech变译variety in translation语段翻译textual translation诠释性翻译hermeneutic translation综合翻译composite translation弱势语言minor language诗意poetic quality七十子圣经Septuagint通俗本圣经Vulgateneologism新词Linguistic translation语言翻译Prague School布拉格学派Idiomatic translation地道翻译intralingual translation语内翻译Translation with reconstruction重构式翻译Vertical translation纵向翻译Information offer信息提供Interlingual translation语际翻译Universals of translation翻译普遍特征Full translation全文翻译Source text源文本Operational model操作模式Contextual consistency语境一致Overtranslation超额翻译Matricial norms矩阵规范Analysis分析Pseudotranslation伪翻译Creative treason创造性叛逆archaism古语Absolute Translation绝对翻译Descriptive translation studies描写性翻译研究Prototext原型文本Refraction折射Term banks术语库Communicative Translation Theory 交际翻译理论Partial translation部分翻译，译要，摘译，Source text-oriented translation studies源文本取向翻译研究Interlinear translation逐行翻译Overt translation显型翻译Translatorial action译者行为Communicative Translation传意翻译；交际翻译Indeterminacy不确定性Abstract Translation摘要翻译Pivot language中枢语言Receptor language接受语Simultaneous interpreting同声传译interlinear of translation逐行翻译Liaison interpreting联络传译Synchronic perspective共时角度Literal translation字面翻译；直译Transposition置换Conventions常规Gist translation要旨翻译Mapping图谱Verifiability可核实性Deconstruction解构主义Meta-language元语言Semantic disambiguation语义消歧General theories of translation普通翻译理论Phonemic translation音素翻译Redundancy冗余Selective translation选译Unbounded translation不受限翻译Community interpreting社群传译Competence能力Level shift层次转换Foreignization异化Polysystem theory多元文化理论Applied Translation Studies应用翻译研究Think-aloud translation有声思维记录Covert translation隐型翻译Hyperinformation超额信息Horizontal translation横向翻译Mutation变异Rhymed translation韵体翻译Transference迁移Expressive text表情型文本Prescriptive translation studies规定翻译研究Whispered interpreting耳语传译Exoticism异国情调权力话语power discourseIntralingual translation语内翻译Preliminary norms预先规范Target language目标语Diagrammatic translation图表翻译Transliteration音译语态转换conversion of voiceKeyword translation关键词翻译Instrumental translation工具翻译Overlapping translation重合翻译Faithfulness忠实interlingual translation语际翻译Naturalness自然性直译literal translation引申extension世界语EsperantoPerformance运用有声思维法think-aloud protocolsRank-bound translation级阶受限翻译Obligatory equivalents必要对等语Architranseme (ATR)元译素Componential Analysis语义成分分析Source language源语文化竞赛论cultural contestRelay interpreting转接传译Phonological translation音位翻译词性转换conversion of parts of speechGloss translation释词翻译苏美尔文明Sumerian civilization交替传译consecutive translationUndertranslation欠额翻译雅言lingua francaCorpora语料库复译retranslationRetrospective translation后瞻式翻译reader's response读者反映论Optional equivalents可换对等语documentary translation纪实翻译人机交互机器翻译interactive machine translation three likeness三似说译学方法论methodology of translation studies Excluded receiver非目标接受者home's map of translation studies霍姆斯路线图替代法substitution标准语言lingua franka强势语言dominant languagehybrid translation杂合文本Explicitation明示mechanical/awkward translation死译增词法additionIntegral translation整合翻译省略法omissionecological turn生态转向text typology theory文本类型理论division/splitting分译翻译职业道德professional ethics of translation Paradigmatic equivalence范式对等translation paradigm译学范式constructivist perspective on translation建构主义翻译观descriptive translation描写翻译学译文质量评定translation quality assessmentsubject of translation翻译主体resistant translation阻抗式翻译翻译腔translationese翻译共性translation universals钦定本圣经King James BibleClose Translation贴近翻译translatology翻译学literal translation plus annotation直译加注合译combination实数虚译fuzzy translation of numbersrelevance translation theory关联翻译理论aesthetic function审美功能decision making in translation翻译决策translation ethics翻译伦理criteria of translation翻译标准aesthetic translation美译extratextual norm文本外规范memes of translation翻译模因version译本false friends假朋友翻译原型translation protocoltextual equivalence语篇对等Creative transposition创造性转换sociasemiotic school社会符号学派patronage赞助人西方语言occidental languagetheoretical translation studies理论翻译学cultural turn文化转向论pure translation studies纯翻译学Consecutive interpreting接续传译Paraphrase释译Back Translation回译Thick translation增量翻译Realia独有特征Specification具体化Time-restricted theories of translation关于时域的翻译理论Hierarchy of Correspondences对应层级Operational norms操作规范Verbal consistency词语一致Pragmatic translation语用翻译the theory of textual equivalence翻译对等理论Translationese翻译体Formal equivalence形式对等Product-oriented translation studies成品取向翻译研究Imitation拟译Radical translation原始翻译Oblique translation曲径翻译Prospective translation前瞻式翻译Restructuring重组Formal corresponding形式对应Interlacing perspective交错角度Acceptability可接受性Comprehensive theory综合理论Transeme译素Signed language translation手语传译Class Shift词类转换Intra-system shift系统内转换Differance分延Semantic translation语义翻译Restricted translation受限翻译Unit of translation翻译单位TT目标文本Equivalence对等Writer-oriented machine translation作者取向机器翻译Primary translation首级翻译Abusive translation滥译Autotranslation自译Lexical translation词汇翻译Foreignizing translation异化翻译Metatext元文本Textual equivalence文本对等Total translation完全翻译Free translation自由译Transfer转移Negative shift负面转换Domestication归化Adjustment调整Grammatical transposition语法置换TL目标语言Domesticating translation归化翻译Expectancy norms期待规范Secondary translation二级翻译Adequacy充分性Initial norms初始规范Documentary translation文献型翻译Norms规范Professional norms翻译规范Pure language纯语言Bilateral interpreting双边传译Informative texts信息文本Skopos theory目的论Textual norms文本规范Compensation补偿Dynamic fidelity动态忠信Sight translation视译Problem-restricted theories of translation关于问题的翻译理论Rewriting重写Structure shift结构转换意译free translationIntersemiotic translation符际翻译Text typology文本类型学Adaptation改编Third code第三语码ST原文文本假象等值Illusory correspondenceCorrespondence对应Effort models用功模式Court interpreting法庭传译Conference interpreting会议传译Resistancy阻抗intersemiotic translation符际翻译Translatability可译性Accuracy准确Process-oriented translation theories过程取向翻译研究。
语言学术语英汉对照
语言学术语英汉对照——考@翻译硕士唯一认准@鬼谷一喵第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学general linguistics普通语言学theoretical linguistics理论语言学historical linguistics历史语言学descriptive linguistics描写语言学empirical linguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morphotactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntactic categories句法范畴syntactic classes句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构open syllable开音节closed syllable闭音节checked syllable成阻音节rank 等级level层次ding-dong theory/nativistic theory本能论sing-song theory唱歌说yo-he-ho theory劳动喊声说pooh-pooh theory感叹说ta-ta theory模仿说animal cry theory/bow-wow theory模声说Prague school布拉格学派Bilateral opposition双边对立Mutilateral opposition多边对立Proportional opposition部分对立Isolated opposition孤立对立Private opposition表缺对立Graded opposition渐次对立Equipollent opposition均等对立Neutralizable opposition可中立对立Constant opposition恒定对立Systemic-functional grammar系统功能语法Meaning potential意义潜势Conversational implicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speech acts言语行为Discourse analysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phatic communion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Applied linguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面front舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocal cords声带vocal tract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonic airstream mechanism肺气流机制glottalic airstream mechanism喉气流机制velaric airstream mechanism腭气流机制Adam’s apple喉结Voiceless sound清音Voiceless consonant请辅音Voiced sound浊音Voiced consonant浊辅音Glottal stop喉塞音Breath state呼吸状态Voice state带音状态Whisper state耳语状态Closed state封闭状态Alveolar ride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalised stop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmental phonology音段音系学Segmental phonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmental复音段Synthetic language综合型语言Diacritic mark附加符号Broad transcription宽式标音Narrow transcription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Active articulator积极发音器官Movable speech organ能动发音器官Passive articulator消极发音器官Immovable speech organ不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant [j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Central approximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateral approximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateral consonant单边辅音Bilateral consonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音Trill [r]颤音 trilled consonant颤辅音rolled consonant滚辅音Labal-velar唇化软腭音Interdental齿间音Post-dental后齿音Apico-alveolar舌尖齿龈音Dorso-alveolar舌背齿龈音Palato-alveolar后齿龈音Palato-alveolar腭齿龈音Dorso-palatal舌背腭音Pre-palatal前腭音Post-palatal后腭音Velarization软腭音化Voicing浊音化Devoicing清音化Pure vowel纯元音Diphthong二合元音Triphthong三合元音Diphthongization二合元音化Monophthongization单元音化Centring diphthong央二合元音Closing diphthong闭二合元音Narrow diphthong窄二合元音Wide diphthong宽二合元音Phonetic similarity语音相似性Free variant自由变体Free variation自由变异Contiguous assimilation临近同化Juxtapostional assimilation邻接同化Regressive assimilation逆同化Anticipatory assimilation先行同化Progressive assimilation顺同化Reciprocal assimilation互相同化Coalescent assimilation融合同化Partial assimilation部分同化Epenthesis插音Primary stress主重音Secondary stress次重音Weak stress弱重音Stress group重音群Sentence stress句子重音Contrastive stress对比重音Lexical stress词汇重音Word stress词重音Lexical tone词汇声调Nuclear tone核心声调Tonetics声调学Intonation contour语调升降曲线Tone units声调单位Intonology语调学Multilevel phonology多层次音系学Monosyllabic word多音节词Polysyllabic word单音节次Maximal onset principle最大节首辅音原则第三章词汇liaison连音contracted form缩写形式frequency count词频统计a unit of vocabulary词汇单位a lexical item词条a lexeme词位hierarchy层次性lexicogrammar词汇语法morpheme语素nonomorphemic words单语素词polymorphemic words多语素词relative uninterruptibility相对连续性a minimum free form最小自由形式the maximum free form最大自由形式variable words 可变词invariable words不变词paradigm聚合体grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词closed-class words封闭类词opened-class words开放类词word class词类particles小品词pro-form代词形式pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-verb(do/did)代副词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词determiners限定词predeterminers前置限定词central determiners中置限定词post determiners后置限定词ordinal number序数词cardinal number基数词morpheme词素morphology形态学free morpheme自由词素bound morpheme黏着词素root词根affix词缀stem词干root morpheme词根语素prefix前缀infix中缀suffix后缀bound root morpheme黏着词根词素inflectional affix屈折词缀derivational affix派生词缀inflectional morphemes屈折语素derivational morphemes派生语素word-formation构词compound复合词endocentric compound向心复合词exocentric compound离心复合词nominal endocentric compound名词性向心复合词adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词verbal compound动词性复合词synthetic compound综合性复合词derivation派生词morpheme语素phoneme音位morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morphemic structure语素结构phonological structure音素结构monosyllabic单音节polysyllabic多音节phonological conditioned音位的限制morphological conditioned形态的限制coinage/invention新创词语blending混成法abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法analogical creation类比构词法borrowing借词法loanword借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loan translation翻译借词loss脱落addition添加metathesis换位assimilation同化contact assimilation接触性同化contiguous assimilation临近性同化theory of least effort省力理论non- contiguous assimilation非临近性同化distant assimilation远距离同化morpho-syntactic change形态-句法变化morphological change形态变化syntactical change句法变化finite element有定成分semantic change语义变化multisemous多种意义broadening词义扩大narrowing词义缩小meaning shift词义转移class shift词性变换folk etymology俗词源orthographic change拼写的变化conversion变换/变码domain范围/领域meaning shift意义转移split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes)calque仿造词语clipping截断法metanalysis再分化finiteness定式proximate(this)近指代词obviative(that)远指代词non-productivity/unproductive非多产性semiotics符号学paradigmatic relations聚合关系associative relations联想关系syntagmatic relations组合关系sequential relations序列关系logogram语标register语域passive vocabulary消极词汇lexis/vocabulary词汇表第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能appellative/vocative function称呼功能conative function意欲功能poetic function诗学功能ideational function概念功能interpersonal function人际功能textual function语篇功能transitivity及物性actor动作者mood system语气系统the finite verbal operator限定部分residue剩余部分indicative直陈语气imperative祈使语气mental-process(a process of sensing)心理过程（感觉过程）relational process(a process of being)关系过程（属性过程）verbal process(a process of saying)言语过程（讲话过程）existential process生存过程第四章句法number数gender性case格nominative主格vocative呼格accusative兵格genitive属格dative与格ablative离格tense 时aspect体perfective完成体imperfective未完成体concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系government支配关系the governor支配者the governed被支配者signified能指signifier所指syntagmatic relationship组合关系paradigmatic relationship聚合关系associative relationship联想关系animate noun有生名词the two axes两根坐标坐标轴immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法linear structure线性结构hierarchical structure层级结构construction结构体constituent成分substituability替换性labeled tree diagram标签树形图endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exocentric construction离心结构subordinate construction主从结构coordinate construction并列结构recapitulation再现the declarative陈述句the interrogative疑问句dative movement与格移位morph-phonemic rule形态音位规则constituent morphemes成分规则affix hopping词缀越位nominalization名物化object-deletion宾语删除subject-deletion主语删除categories语类lexicon词库temporal subject表时间的主语syntactic limitation句法限制standard theory标准理论trace theory语迹理论the same index带同标志government管辖binding约束a rule system规则系统a principle system原则系统constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制plain English普通英语anaphor照应语pronominal指代语r-expression(referential-expression)指称语INFL(inflection)形态变化reciprocals(each other)相互代词accessible subject可及主语local domain局部语域binding domain约束语域logophoricity主人公视角CS(computational system)计算系统=derivational procedure推导系统Merger合并move移动theme主位rheme述位empty subject空主语objective order客观顺序subjective order主观顺序actual sentence division实义句子切分法functional sentence perspective 功能句子观communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力bipartition二分法tripartite classification三分法representative function表达功能expressive function表情功能。
清末到1949核心翻译术语简介
清末到1949核心翻译术语简介清末至1949年核心翻译术语简介信，达，雅:(严复)严复最伟大的贡献在于，在《天演论? 译例言》中，将三国时支谦《法句经序》中提到过的“信”、“达”、“雅”三字，按译事的内在规律排列组合，明确地将其作为“译事楷模”，成为“我国译界倡导系统而完整翻译标准的先驱”。
“译事三难:信，达，雅。
求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽择犹不择也，则达尚焉。
海通以来，象寄之才，随地多有;而任取一书，责其能与于斯二者，则已寡矣。
其故在浅尝，” 一也;偏至，二也;辨之者少，三也。
“信达雅”是中国传统翻译思想的纲领，也是严复翻译理论的核心。
当然，它也一而再，二而三地受到一些人的反对，但始终不倒，仍然屹立着，一直指导着中国的翻译工作者和译学研究者。
达旨 (严复)源出《晋书.裴頠传.崇有论》，意为“表达意旨”，或者说“表意义之所在”。
从翻译的角度来看，“达旨”就是“表达原文的意思”。
严复在《天演论》中说:“不斤斤于字比句次，而意义则不倍本文。
题曰达旨，不云笔译，取便发挥，实非正法。
”这大致意思是说“译文不斤斤计较逐字逐句的对应，而意义则不使违背原文。
我之所以说这是达意，而不称笔译，只是取其便于正确发挥，但实际上不是正确的翻译方法。
这种“达旨”式翻译法，也作“非正法”，是以原作为信息源泉，为满足特定条件下特殊读者的需求，采用删、增、改、按等手段，成功实现中西文化不同价值体系间转换的翻译方法。
历来学者们认为这种翻译方法不可取。
如傅东华在《译书感言》一文中也说到”严氏所谓‘达旨’，所谓‘发挥’一般理解为意译。
实际上是编纂，完全超出了翻译的范围。
译学 (蔡元培)蔡氏认为:“译学二别:一政界之事，一学界之事。
”所谓政界的译学，自周时“有夷蛮其后，历代都有政界之事，特别戎狄之号，即有象寄译鞮之学，以人象胥掌客舌人之官”。
是到清朝，“开国即有俄罗斯之约，道咸以后……”由此可见，蔡氏所谓“政界之译学”，指的是与外交有关的翻译工作。
英语词汇学术语翻译
英语词汇学术语翻译 Ting Bao was revised on January 6, 20021T e r m i n o l o g y T r a n s l a t i o n s o n l e x i c o l o g y英语词汇学术语翻译Aacronym 首字母拼音词acronymy 首字母拼音法addition 增词adjective compound 复合形容词affective meaning 感情意义affix 词缀affixation 词缀法Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚语（族）aliens 非同化词alliteration 头韵（法）allomorph 词素（形位）变体ambiguity 歧义amelioration of meamng 词义的升华analogy 类推analytic language 分析性语言antithsis 对偶antonym 反义词antonymy 反义关系appreciative term 褒义词archaic word 古词archaism 古词语argot 隐语（黑话）Armenian 亚美尼亚语（族）Associated transfer 联想转移association 联想associative meanings 关联意义Bback－formation 逆生法back clipping 词尾截短Balto－Slavic 波罗斯拉夫语（族）bilinguall 双语的basic word stock 基本词汇blend 拼缀词blending 拼缀法borrowed word 借词bound form粘着形式bound morpheme 粘着语素（形位）bound root 粘着词根Ccasual style 随便文体catchPhrase 时髦语Celtic 凯尔特语（族）central meaning 中心意义Clipping 截短法collocability 搭配能力collocation 搭配collocative meaning 搭配意义colloquialism 口语词（口语体）complete synonym 完全同义词complex word 复杂词composition 复合法compound 复合词compounding 复合法concatenation 连锁型concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义connotation 内涵connotative meanins 内涵意义constituent 要素．成分consultative style 交谈体（咨询体）content word 实义词context 语境contradictory term矛盾反义词contrary terms 对立反义词conversion 转类法couplet 成对词Dde－adjective 由形容词转化的de－adjectival 由形容词转化的degradation of meaning 词义的降格deletion 减词denizen 同化同denominal 由名词转化的denotation外延denotative meaning 外延意义derivation 派生法derivational affiX 派生词缀derivative 派生词derived meaning 派生意义derogatory sense 贬义desk dictionary 案头词典deverbal noun 由动词转化的名词deverbal suffix 加于动词的后缀diachronic approach 历时角度dialectal word 方言词discipline 学科dismembering 肢解distribution分布doublet 成对词duplication of synonyms 同义词并举Fformal 正式的free form 自由形式free morpheme 自由语素（形位）free root 自由词根frontclipping 首部截短front and back clipping 首尾部截短frozen style 拘谨体full conversion 完全转换functional shift 功能转换Ggeneralisation of meaning 词义的扩大Germanic 日耳曼语族grammatical meaning 语法意义gradable adjective 等级形容词grammatical context 语法语境grammatical feature 语法特征graphology 书写法；图解法HHellenic 希腊语族heterogeneous 多质的highly－inflected 高度屈折化的homograph 同形异义词homonym 同形同音异义词homonymy 同形同音异义关系homphone 同音异义词hyperonym 上义（位）词hyponym 下义（位）词hyponymy 上下义（位）关系Iidiom 习语idiomatic expression 习惯表达idiomaticity 习语程度Indo-European Language Family 印欧语系Indo-Iranian 印伊语族inflection 屈折变化inflectional affix 屈折词缀intensity of meaning 意义强度initialism 首字母缩略词intermediate member 中间成分intimate style 亲昵语体Italic 意大利语族Jj uxtaposition of antonyms反义词并置L1exical context 词汇语境lexical item 词汇项目lexicography 词典学lexicology 词汇学lexis 词汇linguistic context 语言语境literary 书面的loan word 借词lexical meaning 词汇意义Mmarked term有标记项metaphor 暗喻metonymy 换喻monolingual 单语的morph 形素monomorphemic 单语素的monosemic 单义的morpheme 词素（形位）morphological structure 形态结构morphology 形态学motivation 理据motivated 有理据的Nnative word 本族语词neoclassical 新古典词的neologism 新词语notional word 实义词Oobjective meaning 客观意义obsolete 废弃词onomatopoeic motivation 拟声理据Orthographic feature 拼写特征PPartial conversion 部分转化Pejoration 贬义化Perpect homonym 同形同音异义词phonetic feature 语音特征phono1ogical 音位学的phonology 音位学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase clipping 短语截短pocket dictionary 袖珍词典polysemic 多义的polysemous 多义的polysemant 多义词polysemantic 多义的polysemy 多义关系pormanteau word 拼级词positionshifting 移位prefix 前缀prefixation 前缀法primary meaning 原始意义productivity 多产性pun 双关语Rradiation 辐射range of meaning 词义范围reduplication 重叠referent 所指物reference 所指关系referential meaning 所指意义regional variety 地域变体register 语域reiteration（意义）重复。
翻译学词典术语
1.绝对翻译。
Absolute Translation。
按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求而采用的七种翻译类型之一。
According to Gouadec,one of 7 types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements2.摘要翻译。
Abstract Translation古阿德提出的用以对付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之一。
One of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfil the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment。
3.滥译。
Abusive Translation。
路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。
A term used by Lewis to refer to a radical approach to literary translation。
4.可接受性。
Accetability。
图里采用的术语，用来指可以从翻译作品中观察到的两种倾向之一。
A term used by Toury to denote one of two tendencies which can be observed in translated texts。
5.准确。
Accuracy。
翻译评估中用来表示译文与原文相符程度的术语。
A term used in translation evaluation to refer to the extent to which a translation matches its original。
6.改编Adaptation。
术语条目汉英对照
附录三术语条目汉英对照B巴比塔Tower of Babel 见Babel , Tower of巴黎高等翻译学校ESIT (法文全称：Ecole Superieure d Interpreteset de Traducteurs ) 见Interpretive Theory of Translation [翻译释意理论]巴黎学派见[翻译的阐释论]必要对等[语]必要区分度（又名[必要精确度] ）见[区分度]笔译；书面翻译（德文）变换措词变异表情型文本（德文）（前称[重形式文本]；德文）补偿不变量见[不变性]不变性不可译性见[可译性]不确定性不受限翻译部分重合翻译见[重合翻译]部分翻译C参与型接受着操纵见[操纵学派] 与[重写]操纵学派（又名[低地国家学派] ）操作规范操作模式层次转换常规超额翻译（又写成[超额翻译] 法文）超额信息（德文）成分分析见[分析]成功（德文）成品取向翻译研究；成品取向翻译学（又名[成品取向描写翻译研究；成品取向描写翻译学]）充分[性]重构式翻译见（）[重构式翻译]重合翻译（又名[部分重合翻译]）重写重组（又名[转换]，或[前向转换] ）初始规范传意翻译；交际翻译（又名[传意途径；交际途径] ）传意负荷（又名[信息负荷] ）纯翻译研究；纯翻译学纯语言（又名[逻各斯]，[本真语言] ）（德文）词对词翻译（又名）[逐词翻译]词汇翻译词类转换词译（又名[词语翻译] ）词语翻译见[词译]词语一致（又名[一致性]、[词语一致] ）D单位转换低地国家学派见[操作学派]地道翻译（又名[地道译法]）地道性见[地道翻译]第三对比项（拉丁文）（又名[语际语言] 、（德文）[所用意义]、中介语言]、（拉丁文）[普通语言]）第三语码第三语言[翻译体]动态对等动态性见[动态忠信]动态忠信独有特性（俄文）读者取向机器翻译杜布罗夫尼克章程对等（又名[翻译对等] ）对话传译见[社群传译]对换见[文本对等]对应对应层级见[对应层级]多阶段翻译多媒介型文本（德文）（前称[听觉媒介型文本]；德文）多语语料库多元系统理论E耳语传译（法文）二级翻译（德文）二手翻译见[间接翻译]F法庭传译翻译；笔译翻译单位见[翻译单位]翻译的种族语言学模式翻译定义见[翻译；笔译]翻译对等见[对等]翻译方向（又名[方向性] ）翻译过程（德文）翻译即产业过程翻译即产业过程见（）翻译即抉择见（）翻译科学翻译理论见[理论翻译研究] 与[翻译理论]翻译普遍特性见翻译释意理论（又名[意义理论] ）翻译体（又名[第三语言]）翻译学（法文；西班牙文）翻译学（德文）翻译研究；翻译学翻译与博弈理论范畴转换范式对等仿造（又名[借译]；法文）非目标接受者分析服务型翻译符际翻译（又名[符际转化]）符际转化见[符际翻译]负面转换G改本；改译改编感染型文本（德文）见[运作型文本] 隔行翻译工具型翻译公共服务传译见[社群传译]功能对等功能对等[语]功能取向翻译研究；功能翻译学（又名[功能取向描写翻译研究；功能描写翻译学]）古词；废词（又写为）观察型接受者关键词翻译（法文）关于范围的翻译理论关于话语类型的翻译理论见[关于文本类型的翻译理论]关于级阶的翻译理论关于媒介的翻译理论关于时域的翻译理论关于文本类型的翻译理论（又名[关于话语类型的翻译理论] ）关于问题的翻译理论规定翻译理论；规定翻译学规范规约性翻译常规归化翻译（又名[归化]）国际会议口译联合会（英文全称：；法文全称：）国际译联（英文全称：；法文全称：）过程取向翻译研究；过程取向翻译研究学（又名[过程取向描写翻译研究；过程取向描写翻译学] ）H核心（又名[核心句] ）见[分析]横向翻译后瞻式翻译后瞻式翻译学见[后瞻式翻译] 、[翻译科学]互时翻译（又名[跨时翻译]）换词见[语内翻译]换声见[配音][] （）9。
术语翻译的专业名词解释
术语翻译的专业名词解释术语翻译是一门翻译学科，旨在将专业术语从一种语言转化为另一种语言，使文化和学术知识跨越国界得以传播。
在全球化的今天，术语翻译在各个领域都扮演着至关重要的角色。
本文将探讨术语翻译的专业名词解释。
首先，我们要了解什么是术语。
术语是特定领域内的专门词汇，用以描述和说明一定概念和对象。
不同领域的术语存在差异，因此术语翻译需要深入了解被翻译领域的专业知识。
在医学领域，术语可能涉及疾病诊断、药物治疗等，而在法律领域，术语可能与法律程序、合同解释等相关。
为了准确理解和翻译术语，翻译人员需要掌握术语学。
术语学研究术语的形成、发展和应用，并提供一系列的方法和原则来处理术语。
例如，源语文本中的术语可以通过直译、借译、化译等方式来翻译，根据不同的情况选择合适的翻译策略。
在术语翻译中，译者可能会遇到一词多义的情况。
同一个术语在不同的领域或上下文中可能有不同的含义。
为了解决这个问题，翻译人员需要依靠专业知识和背景研究，确保选择最准确的译词。
此外，术语翻译还需要考虑目标语言的特点。
每种语言都有其独特的文化和表达方式，因此术语的翻译需要遵循语言风格和习惯。
直译可以确保译文与源文一致，但有时会导致语言不流畅或难以理解。
在这种情况下，翻译人员可以使用意译或注释来帮助读者理解。
除了熟悉术语学和目标语言特点外，术语翻译还需要使用在线和离线资源来辅助翻译工作。
互联网提供了海量的术语数据库和专业文献，这些资源可以为翻译人员提供准确和及时的翻译参考。
而离线资源包括专业词典、译林和术语数据库等，这些资源被广泛使用来支持术语翻译的准确性和一致性。
最后，术语翻译的质量至关重要。
准确传达专业术语不仅关乎学术研究的正确性，还直接影响到用户对产品和服务的理解和使用。
因此，翻译人员需要具备良好的研究、分析和表达能力，以确保译文的质量。
总结起来，术语翻译是一门专业学科，需要掌握术语学、目标语言特点以及使用各种在线和离线资源。
通过对术语的准确理解和翻译，我们可以促进不同国家与地区之间的文化交流和学术合作，推动全球化进程。
翻译专业术语汇编（英汉对照
翻译专业术语汇编（英汉对照Absolute Translation 绝对翻译Abstract Translation 摘要翻译Abusive Translation 滥译Acceptability 可接受性Accuracy 准确Adaptation 改编Adequacy 充分[性]Adjustment 调整Aesthetic-Poetic Translation 美学诗体翻译Agent 经纪人A. I. I. C 国际会议口译联合会Analogical Form 类同形式Analysis 分析Appeal-focused Texts 感染型问题本Applied Translation Studies 应用翻译研究Archaism/Archaicism 古词；废词Architranseme (ATR) 元译素Area-restricted Theories of Translation 关于范围的翻译理论Audio-medial Texts 听觉媒介型文本Auftrag 委托Automatic Translation 自动翻译Autonomy Spectrum 自立幅度Autotranslation/Self Translation 自译Babel, Tower of 巴别塔Back-transformation 逆转换Back Translation 回译Bilateral interpreting 双边传译Bilingual Corporal 双语语料库Bi-text 双文本Blank Spaces 空位Blank Verse Translation 无韵体翻译Borrowing 借用Calque/Loan Translation 仿造CAT (Computer-aided Translation/ Computer-assisted Translation) 计算机辅助翻译Category Shift 范畴转换Chuchotage耳语传译Class Shift 词类转换Close Translation 贴近翻译Coherence 连贯Commission 委托Communication Load 传意负荷（又名Information Load 信息负荷）Communicative Translation 传意翻译；交际翻译（又名Communicative Approach [传意途径；交际途径]）Community interpreting 社群传译（又名Dialogue Interpreting [对话传译] 、Public Service Interpreting [公共服务传译]）Commutation 对换Compensation 补偿Competence 能力Componential Analysis成分分析Computer-aided Translation 计算机辅助翻译（又名Computer-assisted Translation；简称CAT）Concordance 一致性Comprehensive Theory 综合理论Conference Interpreting 会议传译Consecutive interpreting 接续传译Constitutive Translational Conventions 建构性翻译常规Content-derivative Form 派生内容的形式（又名Organic Form[有机形式]）Content-focused Texts 重内容文本Contextual consistency 语境一致Controlled Language 受控语言Conventions 常规Corpora 语料[库]（单数为Corpus）Correspondence 对应Correspondences, Hierarchy of 对应层级Court Interpreting 法庭传译Covert Translation 隐型翻译Cross-temporal Theories of Translation 跨时翻译理论Cross-temporal Translation 跨时翻译Creative T ransposition 创造性转换Creative T reason 创造性叛逆Cultural Approach 文化途径Cultural Translation 文化翻译Cultural Transplantation 文化移植Cultural Transposition 文化置换。
[生活]英语语言学术语英汉对照
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英语语言学术语英汉对照[在其他地方发现了这个帖子,特发到这里,以供考中南外院的同学借鉴1. 语言的普遍特征:任意性arbitrariness双层结构duality 既由声音和意义结构多产性productivity移位性displacement:我们能用语言可以表达许多不在场的东西文化传播性cultural transmission2。
语言的功能:传达信息功能informative人济功能:interpersonal行事功能erformative表情功能:Emotive寒暄功能:Phatic娱乐功能recreatinal元语言功能 metalingual3. 语言学linguistics:包括六个分支语音学Phonetics音位学 phonology形态学 Morphology句法学 syntax语义学 semantics语用学 pragmatics4. 现代结构主义语言学创始人:Ferdinand de saussure提出语言学中最重要的概念对之一:语言与言语language and parole ,语言之语言系统的整体,言语则只待某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语5. 语法创始人:Noam Chomsky提出概念语言能力与语言运用competence and performance1. Which of the following statements can be used to describe displacement. one ofthe unique properties of language:a. we can easily teach our children to learn a certain languageb. we can use both 'shu' and 'tree' to describe the same thing.c. we can u se language to refer to something not presentd. we can produce sentences that have never been heard before.2.What is the most important function of language?a. interpersonalb. phaticc. informatived.metallingual3.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it ?"is __a informativeb. phaticc. directived. performative4.The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by __a saussureb. hallidayc. chomskyd. the prague school5. Who put forward the distinction between language and parole?a. saussureb. chomskyc. hallidayd anomymous第二节语音学1.发音器官由声带the vocal cords和三个回声腔组成2.辅音consonant:there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocaltract.3.辅音的发音方式爆破音 complete obstruction鼻音 nasals破裂音 plosives部分阻塞辅音 partial obstruction擦音 fricatives破擦音 affricates等4.辅音清浊特征voicing辅音的送气特征 aspiration5.元音vowel分类标准舌翘位置,舌高和嘴唇的形状6双元音 diphthongs,有元音过渡 vowel glides1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies __.a. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechb. the perception of soundsc. the combination of soundsd. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowel s and consonants lies in __a. the place of articulationb.the obstruction f airstreamc. the position of the tongued. the shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k ta. voicelessb. spreadc.voicedd.nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguish the p in please and the p in speak?a. voicingb. aspirationc.roundnessd. nasality5.Which of the following is not a distinctive feature in English?a. voicingb.nasalc. approximationd. aspiration6.The phonological features of the consonant k are __a. voiced stopb. voiceless stopc. voiced fricatived. voiceless fricative7.p is divverent from k in __a. the manner of articulationb. the shape of the lipsc. the vibration of the vocal cordsd.the palce of articualtion8.Vibration of the vocal cords results in __a. aspirationb.nasalityc. obstructiond. voicing第三节音位学 phonology1.音位学与语音学的区别:语音学着重于语音的自然属性,主要关注所有语言中人可能发出的所有声音;音位学则强调语音的社会功能,其对象是某一种语言中可以用来组合成词句的那些语音。
[翻译研究词典]术语翻译
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[翻译研究词典]术语翻译翻译研究词典1. Absolute Translation 绝对翻译按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求⽽采⽤的七种翻译类型之⼀。
在绝对翻译中，整个源⽂本被转换成⽬标语，对原⽂内容和形式都不加以改动。
According to Gouadec, one of seven types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements which can arise during the course of their work. In absolute translation, the whole of ST is transferred into TL, with no alteration to the content or the form of the original document.2. Abstract Translation 摘要翻译古阿德克提出的⽤以应付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之⼀。
摘要翻译是将源⽂本的全部信息扼要译出，⽬的是让客户“迅速得到特定类型的信息”。
其⽅法有多种：第⼀种是翻译源⽂本的⼀般主题思想；第⼆种是概述源⽂本的主要内容、⽂本主旨及次要内容；第三种是节录源⽂本中⼀切有⽤的内容。
According to Gouadec, one of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfill the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment. In abstract translation, a condensed translation of all the information in ST is made in order to give the client "rapid access to specific types of information". This may be done in various ways. Firstly, the generic themes of the text may be translated; secondly, a description may be given of the generic content and the objectives of the text and its sub-units; thirdly, an abridged translation of all the useful content of the text may be supplied.3. Abusive Translation 滥译路易斯⽤来表⽰⽂学翻译中极端做法的⼀个术语。
翻译术语解析
The current definition(1)1.Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closestnatural equivalence of the source language, first in terms of meaning a nd s econdlyin terms of style ----------Nida2.Catford defines translation as “th e replacement of texual material in one language (SL) by equivalent texual matererial in another language (TL)”(1965:21)3.A good translation is one which has the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehendedand a s strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as itis by those who speak the language of the original work.--------- TytlerThe current definition(2)•The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalenttextual material in another language (TL) ---------------- Prof. HuangL o ng Translatology•翻译是把一种语言所承载的文化信息转换成另一种另一种语言的文化信息，它包括语内翻译、语际翻译和符际翻译。
分解 翻译
分解翻译分解试试人工翻译翻译全文[fēn jiě]释义resolve决定; 决心;decompose分解; （使）腐烂;explain解释; 辩解，说明…的理由;recount详细叙述; 重新计算;analyze分析; 分解; 化验;点击金山快译，了解更多人工释义实用场景例句全部resolvedecomposeanalyzeThe oil is attacked by naturally occurring microbes which break it down.原油受到了自然产生的分解油类物质的微生物的侵蚀。
柯林斯例句They have decentralised the company and made it less bureaucratic.他们已经分解了该公司的权力，以抑制其官僚作风。
柯林斯例句Each of the spirals of light resolved into points.每一束螺旋光都分解成了光点。
柯林斯例句Foods are broken down in the digestive tract.食物在消化道里分解。
柯林斯例句Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab.在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分.《简明英汉词典》Water can be reduced to oxygen and hydrogen by electrolysis.用电解法可以把水分解为氧和氢.《简明英汉词典》A liquid is decomposed when an electric current passes through it.当电流通过时,液体就分解.《简明英汉词典》A chemist can separate a medicine into its components.化学家能把一种药物的各种成分分解出来.《简明英汉词典》A unity invariably tends to break up into different parts.统一体总要分解为不同部分的.《现代汉英综合大词典》Water can be resolved [ decomposed ] into hydrogen and oxygen.水可分解为氢和氧.《现代汉英综合大词典》How, and with what result , you shall presently see.究竟如何, 下回分解.《现代汉英综合大词典》Read [ Listen to ] next chapter for disclosure ( of developments of a story ).且听下回分解.《现代汉英综合大词典》The prism broke the light into all the colors of the rainbow.棱镜把光分解成虹的各种色彩.《现代英汉综合大词典》Water was dissolved into hydrogen and oxygen.水被分解为氢和氧.《简明英汉词典》Our bodies constantly metabolise the food we eat.我们吃的食物在体内不停分解产生代谢变化.《简明英汉词典》。
浅谈英汉双解词典词目释义的翻译
浅谈英汉双解词典词目释义的翻译
章芳颖
【期刊名称】《龙岩学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2007(25)5
【摘要】以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第六版)为例,结合它的具体服务对象及其需要,分析了它在释义译文上的处理,并提出一些改进的看法.认为英汉双解词典释义译文中确实存在原文信息缺失现象,但并非都须补偿.指出释义的翻译程度应考虑读者的实际水平和使用需要.
【总页数】3页(P92-94)
【作者】章芳颖
【作者单位】厦门大学外文学院,福建厦门,361005;龙岩学院外国语学院,福建龙岩,364000
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H316
【相关文献】
1.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》的释义结构 [J], 王金平
2.从“原型范畴理论”的视角分析英汉双解词典的释义 [J], 胡丹
3.英汉双解词典中释义和例证存在问题勘误 [J], 郭虹宇
4.从“原型范畴理论”的视角分析英汉双解词典的释义 [J], 胡丹;
5.浅谈汉英惯用语词典的词目翻译 [J], 赵会
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Documentary Translation
文献型翻译
Dolmetschen
口译11
Domesticating Translation12
归化翻译10
Dubbing10
配音13
Dubrovnik Charter
杜布罗夫尼克章程
Dynamics
动态性
Dynamic Equivalence
公共服务传译
Commutation
对换
Comparable Corpora
可比语料【库】12
ion10
补偿
Competence11
能力
Componential Analysis
成分分析11
Computer-assisted Translation
计算机辅助翻译
Concordance
Absolute Translation
绝对翻译
Abstract Translation12,13
摘要翻译
Abusive Translation13
滥译
Acceptibility
可接受【性】12 10
Accuracy11
准确
Action，Translatorial
译者行动
Adaptation
改编11
说教忠信
Differentiation，Degree of
区分度
Direct Translation10
直接翻译
Direction of Translation11
翻译方向
Disambiguation11 13
消解歧义
Discourse-type Restricted Theories of Translation
一致性
Conference Interpreting
会议传译10
Consecutive Interpreting12
接续传译
Constitutive Translational Conventions
结构性翻译常规
Content-derivative Form
派生内容的形式
Content-focused Texts
Back-translation
回译10
Bilatral Interpreting
双边传译
Bilingual Corporal
双语语料库
Bi-text
双文本
Blank Spaces
空位
Blank Verse Translation13
无韵体翻译
Borrowing
借用12
Calque
仿造
CAT
机助翻译
委托
Communication Load
传意负荷
Communication Translation
传意翻译；交际翻译
Communicative Approach
传意途径；交际途径
Community Interpreting
社群传译
Dialogue Interpreting
对话传译
Public Service Interpreting
Applied Translation Studies
应用翻译研究；应用翻译学
Archaism（Archaiscism）
古词；废词
Architranseme（ATR）
元译素
Area-restricted Theories of Translation
关于范围的翻译理论
ATR
元译素
Audio-medial Texts
文化借用
Cultural Substitution
文化替换
Cultural Translation
文化翻译
Cultural Transplantation
文化移植
Cultural Transposition
文化置换12
Decision-making，Translation as
翻译即抉择
Definitions of Translation
Computer-aided Translation
计算机辅助翻译11
Category Shift
范畴转换
Chuchotage（Whispered Interpreting）
耳语传译
Class Shift13
词类转换
Close Translation
贴近翻译
Coherence11 12 13
连贯
Commission12 10
重内容文本
Contextual Consistency13
语境一致
Controlled Language
受控语言10
Conventions
常规13
Corpora（corpus单数）10
语料【库】
Correctability
可修正性
Correspondence11
对应10
Correspondences，Hierarchy of
翻译定义
Degree of Differentiation
区分度
Descriptive Translation Studies（DTS）13
描写翻译研究；描写翻译学
Diagrammatic Translation
图表翻译
Dialogue Interpreting
对话传译
Didactic Fidelity
听觉媒介型文本
Auftrag（Commission）
【委托】
Automatic Translation
自动翻译
Autonomy Spectrum
自立幅度
Autotranslation（Self Translation）13
自译
Tower ofBabel
巴别塔
Back-transformation
逆转换
动态对等
Dynamic Fidelity
动态忠信
Effort Models
用功模式
Emprunt
借用
Equivalence
对等
ESIT
巴黎高等翻译学校
Ethnographic Translation
种族学翻译
Ethnolinguistic Model of Translation
Adequacy12 10
充分【性】13
Adjustment
调整11
Aesthetic-Poetic Translation
美学诗体翻译
Agent12
经纪人10
A.I.I.C
国际会议口译联合会
Analogical Form
类同形式
Analysis13
分析
Appeal-focused Texts12
感染型文本
对应层级
Court Interpreting
法庭传译
Covert Translation
隐型翻译
Cross-temporal Theories of Translation
跨时翻译理论
Cross-temporal of Tranlsation
跨时翻译
Cultural Approach
文化途径
Cultural Borrowing