高级英语一

北语14秋《高级英语I》导学资料一Unit1, Unit2& Unit3一、本阶段学习内容概述各位同学，大家好，本课程第一阶段学习的主要内容为Unit1：Party Politics, Unit2：The New Singles, Unit3：教材课文：Doctor’s Dilemma: Treat or Let Die? 网络课件课文：Computer Violence中包括课前练习（Warm-up）、单词和词组（New words and phrases）、课文（Text）、课后练习（Exercises）及补充阅读（Supplementary readings）中的指定内容。

课前练习：大家应先了解课前练习的要求，根据已有的知识思考其中问题，或者利用网络与同学开展一些讨论，争取在阅读课文前了解文章主要论述的问题，有利于更好的了解作者的思想观点和思维过程，从而了解文章所反映的思想文化，这样既能提高阅读理解能力又能获取知识和信息。

单词和词组:名词、动词和形容词是词汇练习和记忆中的重要部分。

Unit 1、2、3中所列出的新单词绝大部分都是这三类，因此，大家一定要掌握好新单词。

要开发利用多种方法记单词，如联想法、音节法、构词法等。

单词和词组基本上给出了英语直接释义，可以培养大家英语思维的习惯。

如果在阅读释义后还有疑问，一定要查阅英语词典，寻找一些相关的解释来加深对单词的理解和记忆。

许多词的释义中给出了若干同义词或近义词，能帮助大家迅速扩大词汇量，同时，课后练习的词汇（Vocabulary Study）部分又给出了一些相关的练习，大家可以在学习完单词和词组后，乘热打铁，立即做词汇练习的第一小题（选择填空）和第二小题（找出意义相近的替代词）这样可以及时巩固所学单词，大概了解这些词的用法，为正确阅读课文打下基础，也能使得练习题做起来不是那么难。

（特别说明：高级英语阶段的学习，提高词汇量和词汇运用能力是一个很大，并且很重要，同时又是比较难的问题，这是我们必须面对的问题，所以，请大家务必花时间多熟悉单词。

所谓的磨刀不误砍材功，先熟悉单词和短语，才能流畅的阅读文章。

更关键的是，单词和短语在考试中所占比例不少！）课文：每单元有一篇课文（Unit1：Party Politics, Unit2：The New Singles, Unit3：教材课文：Doctor’s Dilemma: Treat or Let Die? 网络课件课文：Computer Violence）。

在掌握单词和词组之后，阅读课后注释，学习课文的背景资料、作者介绍和相关内容，如人物、事件、地点等的解释，这能帮助大家准确快速的理解文章的内容。

在课件资源的帮助下，认真学习课文，包括课文中常用词语和句型的用法。

文章比较长，大家一定要有耐心和毅力，坚持就是胜利。

在学习完整篇文章后，及时完成课文理解（Comprehension Check）的练习。

其中第一小题是根据课文内容选择最佳答案，第二小题是将部分文中的句子用英语注释。

只要认真学习了课件资料，相信能很快准确地完成。

同时也考察大家对课文理解的程度，督促大家很好的阅读课文。

课后练习：共有四个大题。

1.课文理解（Comprehension Check）：有两个题型。

在借助课件学习完课文之后，大家可以先自己做这一部分的练习，然后再看课件，对正答案的同时，再重温课文的大意。

2.词汇（Vocabulary Study）：有两个题型。

在学完课文和单词后，大家可以自己先做这一部分的词汇练习，不会做得可以看课件，并牢固掌握，对于补充的单词也要掌握。

这样有利于快速扩充词汇量。

3.翻译（Translation）：有的单元是汉译英，有的单元是英译汉。

都是一段与课文内容相近的短文。

先认真思考，仔细看文章，如果有一定的难度，可以参考课件的解说，然后再组织语言完成翻译练习。

4.写作（Writing）：每单元的写作部分都有对一项英语写作技巧的概括性讲解，对大家提高英语作文的写作水平很有帮助，建议大家认真阅读，借助文中的示例切实掌握其中的技巧。

并完成为该写作技巧设计的与之相关的写作任务，以期及时巩固、提高大家的学习水平。

补充阅读（Supplementary readings）：有时间和能力的同学可以很好的利用这两篇课文。

A篇除了思考练习外，可以选择部分段落做翻译练习。

B篇配有阅读理解练习。

该门课程考试的范围包括unit1—unit9中单词和词组（New words and phrases）、课文（Text）、课后练习（Exercises）及补充阅读文章（Supplementry readings A&B）中的单词和词组。

二、重难点讲解以下是对各个单元的语言知识点和课文译文部分：Unit1：Party PoliticsLanguage Points1. etiquette, propriety, protocol, decorum (para.1)These nouns refer to codes governing correct behavior (礼仪、礼节).etiquette and the plural form proprieties denote the forms of conduct prescribed in polite society.e.g. ——Man is a slave to etiquette.——Even when she was angry, she observed the proprieties.protocol refers to the official etiquette observed in affairs of state. The word now often denotes simply a code of correct conduct:e.g. ——The visiting prime minister, dispensing with protocol, exchanged informal reminiscences with her neighbor at the table.—— Graduation exercises had to be consistent with academic protocol.decorum and the singular form propriety denote conformity with established standards of manners or behavior.e.g. —— One hour of life, crowded to the full with glorious action is worth whole years of those mean observances of paltry decorum?—— He was afraid that, from some obscure motive of propriety she would bring Janet with her.2. socialize (para.1): interact with other people in a social situation.e.g. ——There will be no socializing during business hours.—— I tend not to socialize with my colleagues.3. melee (para.1): a confused, hand-to-hand fighting in a pitched battle or confused, tumultuous mingling, as of a crowd.e.g. —— The man tried hard to push his way through a melee of bicycles and crowd.—— During the rush-hour melee, John lost his briefcase.4. petition (para.1): a solemn request to a superior authority (as a noun) or to ask for or request formally (as a verb).e.g. ——The town’ s people sent a petition to the government asking for electric light forthe town.—— They petitioned for an early end to the fighting.5. looped (para.1): formed into or having a loop or loops; drunk, smashed, inebriated, intoxicated; enthusiastic, keene.g. —— You were looped last night. You don't remember what happened.—— These days he’s looped on rodeos (骑术表演).6. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren’t any hosts. (para.2) Moreover, at office parties, people don’t feel as if they have to be nice to less popular people because no one person is host.pesky: troublesome or annoying.e.g. —— He could not sleep last night because of the pesky mosquito.—— The pesky weather could only worsen her sorrow and frustration.7. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody’s feelings need be considered.(para.2) In this sentence, the three “nobody” connotes that everything in the office party is free since there is not any host in the traditional sense.8. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year.The office party lets people take advantage of the company’s generosity.pocket: take as one’s own, often dishonestly; steale.g. —— He pocketed a clear hundred on the transaction.—— I expect the Council will just pocket the proceeds of the sale, not spend it on making improvements to the town.9.thrill (para.3): to cause to feel a sudden intense sensation (as a verb) or a source or cause of excitement or emotion (as a noun).e.g. —— The traveler thrilled us with his stories.—— It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination.10. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend.(papa. 4)It's wonderful how you don't have to begrateful to any individual for the company party.In this sentence, the expression "the once-standard give-and-take" refers to the conventional idea that if one wants to take or gain something he has to give or pay at the same time. The word "no-fault" means being free from duty or obligation, and the word "godsend" means a gift from God.11.incur (para.5) : to acquire or come into (something usually undesirable).e.g. ——More than half of these companies incurred substantial losses during the stock market crash.—— His irresponsibility and dishonesty incurred the anger of his friends.12.Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette(para.6)This is a metaphorical expression implying that etiquette or appropriate deeds of act are still necessary for the more relaxing occasion such as a party.13.hang around (para.8) : to spend time idly or to keep company with someone else.e.g. —— Having no mood to read the books, he hanged around on campus.——Her parents wanted to know more about the friends their daughter has been hanging around with for the past several months.14. ingrained(para.8) : being firmly established or deep-seated.e.g. —— It an ingrained prejudice that intelligence concerns one’s skin color.—— No one can persuade him to get rid of the ingrained habits of a decade.15.Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee’s gues.(para.9)This sentence means that the by way of asking several questions in a careful and clever way the boss finds out that the guest is not one of the employees in the company.discreet: marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise self-restraint in speech and behaviore.g. ——The secretary is very discreet. She never tells anyone unconcerned anything about the company's business.—— One should drive at a discreet distance from the vehicles ahead.16. a passing acquaintance (para.9): someone with whom one is not very familiar except seeing or greeting for one or two times.17. Now, the reason the invitation said "and guest" was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself.(para.10)Now, the invitation says "and guest" because it is hard to keep track of who is still married to whom and what the name of the current spouse is.In this sentence, "and guest" refers to the expression commonly written on an invitation meaning the partner the invitee is with for attending a party.18. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.(para.10)These spouses who did not go to the party would remember this event and accuse the company for encouraging their employees to tell lies. The word immorality in this sentence indicates the act of lying or cheating the spouse.19. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time.(para.11)This sentence implies that generally those who intend to have some romantic affairs will not develop a relation with a colleague of the company because such a behavior will be regarded as inappropriate. And persons who do have such a romantic relation would tend to be criticized as favoringone particular employee over others or mixing business with private life.favoritism: a display of partiality toward a favored person or groupe.g. —— It was a badly run enterprise where the management appointed people by favoritism.—— During those years, the joint ventures investing in this special economic development zone enjoyed substantial public favoritism from local government.meld: to mix or combinee.g. —— Looking afar from the beach, swimmers could see the white clouds and an azure sky melded.—— The new prescription is claimed to be a meld of traditional Chinese and western medicine.20. unreciprocated (para.11): not showing or giving in response or returne.g. —— The clerk was disappointed when realizing that his business proposal was actually an unreciprocated one.—— Good wishes should never be unreciprocated.21. have one’s mind on (para.12): mind or care about somethinge.g. —— Peter has his mind on cars, he never talks about anything else.—— Mary cannot forget her first lover and she will probably have her mind on him for the rest of her life.22.platitude (para.13): a cliché or banal remarke.g. —— There is nothing original in his article but a pile of words and expressions full of platitudes.—— This book on etiquette is no more than water-and- milk platitude.23.unaccountably (para.13): surprising or not easily explainede.g. —— The photographer was enraged because his works was unaccountably withdrawn from the gallery.——The young man had to see the doctor for his recent unaccountably forgetful behavior.24. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.(para.13) This sentence means that those business-minded employees hope to have a promotion or have their business ideas appreciated or proposals approved by their bosses in a shortest time. But actually the bosses have worked for years to build up the steps or blocks which are intended to avoid employees to make such a request.spare of: to avoid or to be free frome.g. —— You might have a relief once you are spared of all the duties.—— He tried his best to be spared of trouble in this project.importune: to ask for urgently or repeatedly.e.g. —— The child importuned the mother to take him to the amusement park again.—— Don’t give him money. He would only importune more for it from you.25. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence? (para.14)This sentence means that the idea of frank and free talk implies one could speak out to the boss without worrying that his career would be affected by the not-so-nice words towards the boss.26. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. (para.15)Here is where the company has tricked its employees.pull a fast on sb: play a trick on someone as in a magic show; to engage in unexpectedly unfair or deceitful behavior to achieve one’s goale.g. —— He tried to put a fast one on us, but we outsmarted him.—— Stossel says that even though the deal might look good on its surface, a closer look reveals the lawyers pulled a fast one.—— Customers feel Verant has "pulled a fast one on them" and the bitter taste that it has left them with may be too sour to be sweetened anytime soon.27. let loose (para.15): to give someone freedom or the chance to make changes or be in chargee.g. —— Who let the teacher loose on that class?—— An inexperienced politician should not be let loose to run the party.—— Born in captivity, Chopkins dreams of one day escaping the research lab and really letting loose28. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate…(para.20)This sentence implies that it is very difficult to know who and who will come to the party asa couple.29. Having to work is enough distraction from one’s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.(para.20) This sentence means that working away from home has affected the close relationship among family members. If the employees’ spouses or friends are not invited to the party, the invitations would not look like the guest lists in the real sense which identify guests together with their agreeable or harmonious partners.compatibility the ability of existing or performing in harmonious, agreeable, or congenial combination with another or others:e.g. ——More and more people realize that spending quality time together is one of the best ways to enhance the compatibility of family relationships.—— The negotiators have attempted to prove that compatibility between the two political parties is not only possible but also feasible.30. whoop it up (para.21): to have a wild and enjoyable time usually with drink (alcohol)e.g. —— Let’s go to the party and whoop it up.—— The graduates whooped it up all night in the disco.—— Here are some great photos of Japanese festivals and celebrations! You may find some big surprises on what and how Japanese whoop it up!31. tell off (para.21): to find fault with someonee.g. —— The director told John off for being late for work again.—— If we don't want to be told off, we'd better hurry up in processing the task.—— If he mentions my toupee (男子假发) once more, I'm going to tell him off32. counter (para.22): to go against or opposee.g. —— It turned out that what he had done countered his promise.—— To my surprise, she countered my proposal with one of her own33. outgrow (para.23): to lose or discard in the course of maturatione.g. ——During the stay in the city all by herself he outgrew her youthful idealism—— When he turned into his forties, he seemed to outgrow all the bad habits he had formed for years.34. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative.(para.24)This sentence means that the smart employee will wear the same or similar style of clothes as that of the boss because they understand that less bold or vulgar dress is safer and will be free from blame and unfavorable judgment by others.provocative: causing or interest or other emotive reactione.g. —— Inspired by the provocative speech delivered by that politician, the demonstrators marched to the city hall to have a sit-in.—— What the opponents have done are highly provocative.35. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host.(para.24)This sentence implies that at office parties the guests could refuse to drink or drink as less as they like without being complained. But at a private party, due to the hospitality of the host and out of politeness, the guests have to drink more than they want to.36. corner(para.24): to force someone into a difficult or threatening situatione.g. —— The company was cornered for the last business quarter due to the sluggish market.—— The police cornered the bank robber in the building.strand(para.24): to bring into or leave in a difficult or helpless positione.g. —— The convoy was stranded in the desert.—— He was stranded in the strange town without money or friends.课文译文：晚会之道朱迪丝·马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。