2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：16.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.中国将致力于在未来5年使中国7 000多万农村贫困人口全部脱贫，将设立“南南合作援助基金”，并将继续增加对最不发达国家投资，支持发展中国家落实2030年可持续发展议程。
中国将把落实2030年可持续发展议程纳入“十三五”规划。
我倡议二十国集团成员都制定落实这一议程的国别方案，汇总形成二十国集团整体行动计划，助推世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我希望，两岸双方共同努力，两岸同胞携手奋斗，坚持“九二共识”，巩固共同政治基础，坚定走和平发展道路，保持两岸关系发展正确方向，深化两岸交流合作，增进两岸同胞福祉，共谋中华民族伟大复兴，让两岸同胞共享民族复兴的伟大荣耀。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.长期以来，我国广大科技工作者包括医学研究人员默默耕耘、无私奉献、团结协作、勇攀高峰，取得许多高水平成果。
屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，是中国科技繁荣进步的体现，是中医药对人类健康事业做出巨大贡献的体现，充分展现了我国综合国力和国际影响力的不断提升。
希望广大科研人员认真实施创新驱动发展战略，积极推进大众创业、万众创新，瞄准科技前沿，奋力攻克难题，为推动我国经济社会发展和加快创新型国家建设做出新的更大贡献。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.我非常高兴地向本次联合国成立70周年纪念活动致以最热烈的祝贺。
2016考研英语一真题及答案解析
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2016年考研英语一真题及答案
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - onlycompetitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good。
2016年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
2016年南京师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：64.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.OPEC（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.MBA（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.VAT（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.non-government capital（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.enterprises of mixed ownership（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.oppose hedonism（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Mencius（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.R&D center（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.shares and futures（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.anxiety of influence（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.Babel（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.moral sentiments（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.hospitality spending（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.structural inflation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.manned space mission（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.首席执行官（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.国际货币基金组织（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.司法行政机关（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.核心价值观（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.产学研（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.普通语言学（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.古典主义（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.沙漠与沙漠化研究（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.农业生态工程（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.扩大内需（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.语篇结构分析（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.功能对等（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.收入分配制度（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.第三方评估（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.可持续发展（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of the God, and have somewhat hastily concluded that it is the chief end of man here to "glorify God and enjoy him forever." Still we live meanly, like ants; though the fable tells us that we were long ago changed into men; like pygmies we fight with cranes; it is error upon error, and clout upon clout, and our best virtue has for its occasion a superfluous and evitable wretchedness. Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.克劳德.列维一施特劳斯(Claude Levi-Strauss)对神话研究的贡献在第一章已有所论述，他不仅复兴了神话是原始科学的观点，而且更重要的是，他开创了研究神话的“结构主义”方法。
2016年考研英语一真题及答案
2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Itslawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness"by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beautyshould not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. Andthe ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starringthemselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the socialtape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )thatthey should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint thatpeople should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dietingtheir way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to changea culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using afashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could resultin a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there relymore on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month onrules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newlyrevised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on youngpeople. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined[B]New runways would be constructed[C]Websites about dieting would thrive[D]The fashion industry would decline22.The phrase "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the stateof [C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A]The French measures have already failed[B]New standards are being set in Denmark[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models' character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. InBritain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specificallyto provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshingair". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don'tmake countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are incities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyedrecently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with nointrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need formore houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable itto retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. Thereis no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain's public sentiment about thecountryside [A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27.According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are nowbeing[A]largely overshadowed[B]properly protected[C]effectively reinforced[D]gradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph3 [A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain[D]the political life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business"wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage inactivities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premise andregard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money,things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion ayear on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value totheir businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal"that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy acompany's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third,through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater considerationfrom consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（ FCPA ）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations ， they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that ， among prosecuted firms， those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaignsdid not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a casebased on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "Weestimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are bankingon the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaningto [A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked [D]Ithas brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime inthe future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - onlycompetitors don't have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating awayfrom print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, butonly if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transitionwould make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have yourmost loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example ofNetflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge atthe Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make itinto more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes,and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "Soif you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who arealready obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the printedition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital- only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn'thave a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like thatwhere we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes andthe world changes.In those situations,it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37.Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good [C]seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38.It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a " legacy product"[A]helps restore the glory of former times[B]is meant for the most loyal customers[C]will have the cost of printing reduced[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40.which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury Good。
2016年翻译硕士英语考研真题解析
2016翻译硕士英语考研真题分享2016翻译硕士英语初试落下帷幕，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，翻译硕士英语专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，翻译硕士英语题型今年是选择题，判断题、简答题、分析论述题，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。
翻译硕士英语分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。
如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。
下面凯程英语老师把翻译硕士英语的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考翻译硕士英语的同学使用，本试题凯程首发，转载注明出处1.选词填空，15选10，有点像六级的那种。
2.完形填空，20道。
3.选择题。
是每句话有一个划线单词，让你从四个选项中选一个能替代它的单词。
4.阅读题，四篇，最后一篇是以填空的形式5.作文，大概就是说房屋紧缺问题十分严重，尤其是在大城市，有些人认为只有政府才能解决，问你的看法。
400字。
英语翻译基础1.词条ASAP FYI GPS OMG EQ IMF MPA DHL RSVP Xmas ISO 雁门关支付宝社会主义核心价值观2015巴黎联合国气候变化大会十三五规划七夕经济结构调整义县八项规定一带一路OTC英翻中《The Aim of a University Education》-----by John Henry NewmanIf then a practical end must be assigned to a university course,I say it is that of training good members of society.Its art is the social life,and its end is fitness for the world.It neither confines its views to particular professions on the one hand,nor creates heroes or inspires genius on the other.Workers indeed of genius fall under no art; heroic minds come under no rule; a university is not a birthplace of poets or of immortal authors,of founders of schools,or leaders of colonies,or conquerors of nations.It does not promise a generation of Aristotles or Newtons,of Napoleons or Washingtons,of Raphaels or Shakespears,though such miracles of nature it has before now contained within its precincts.Nor is it content on the other hand with forming the critic or the experimentalist,the economist or the engineer,although such too it includes with its scope.But a university training is the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary end; it aims at raising the intellectual tone of society,at cultivating the public mind,at purifying the national taste,at giving enlargement and sobriety to the idea of the age,at facilitating the exercise of political power,and refining the intercourse of private life.It is the education which gives a man a clear,conscious views of his own opinions and judgments,a truth in developing them,an eloquence in expressing them,and a force in urging them.It teaches him to see things as they are,to go right to the point,to disentangle a skein ofthought,to detect what is sophistical,and to discard what is irrelevant.It prepares him to fill any post with credit,and to master any subject with facility.It shows him how to accommodate himself to others,how to throw himself into their stat of mind,how to bring before them his own,how to influence them,how to come to an understanding with them,how to bear with them.中翻英每个人都有理想和追求，都有自己的梦想。
2016考研英语(一)真题及答案详细解析
Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6. A. into B. within C. from D. through7. A. or B. since C. but D. so8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that1.[标准答案] [D]as well as[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D. as well as.A. by way of通过B. with regard to 关于C. on behalf of 代表2.[标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。
2016年南京师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年南京师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary and grammar (20%)Directions: There are 20 questions in this part. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best complete the sentence. Then write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. I can’t decide what to do. I’ll _____ it and let you know tomorrow.A. sleep forB. sleep offC. sleep onD. sleep out of【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。
句意：我决定不了该怎么办。
我会_____，明天再告诉你。
sleep on sth.表示“把……留待第二天决定；把……拖延到第二天再说”，符合题意。
sleep for后接时间段表示“睡了多长时间”。
sleep off靠睡觉来消除；睡一觉熬过酒劲。
sleep out of，无此搭配。
因此选C。
2. In the _____ of the hurricane, many people’s homes were destroyed.A. resultB. aftermathC. consequenceD. upshot【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。
句意：飓风的后果是许多人的房屋被毁。
aftermath后果，搭配为in the aftermath of，符合题意。
result结果，搭配为as a result of。
consequence后果，搭配为in consequence of。
upshot表示“最后结果；结局”，前不加介词in。
南京大学MTI 2016年考研真题
南京大学MTI 2016年考研真题（回忆版）翻译硕士英语改错原文（来自BBC）For authors of self-help guides, no human problem is too great or too small. Want to become fitter, richer or happier in 2015? There are books for it – shelves upon shelves of them. Hoping for increased efficiency, decisiveness and creativity in the months ahead?There are titles for that too.As we knuckle down to our New Year’s resolutions, we’ll turn in droves to self-help books, hoping to find our own best selves in their pages. But a book needn’t hector orlecture to leave its imprint. The truth is that all good literature changes us, and a growingbody of research suggests you might do better browsing through fiction for support inbattling life’s challenges. Think of it less as self-help than ‘shelf help’.Reading has been proven to sharpen analytical thinking, enabling us to better discern patterns – a handy tool when it comes to the often baffling behaviour of ourselves and others. But fiction in particular can make you more socially able and empathetic. Last year,the Journal of Applied Social Psychology published a paper showing how reading Harry Potter made young people in the UK and Italy more positively disposed towards stigmatised minorities such as refugees. And in 2013, psychologists at the New School for Social Research found that literary fiction enhanced people’s ability to register and read others’ emotions.We think of novels as places in which to lose ourselves, but when we emerge, we takewith us inspiration from our favourite characters. A 2012 study by researchers at Ohio State University found that this process could actually change a reader’s behaviour. In one experiment, participants strongly identifying with a fictional character who overcame obstacles to vote proved significantly more likely to vote in a real election.阅读题原文Before Laszlo Polgár conceived his children, before he even met his wife, he knew he was going to raise geniuses. He’d started to write a book about it. He saw it moves ahead.By their first meeting, a dinner and walk around Budapest in 1965, Laszlo told Klara, his future bride, how his kids’ education would go. He had studied the lives of geniuses and divined a pattern: an adult singularly focused on the child’s success. He’d raise the kids outside school, with intense devotion to a subject, though he wasn’t sure what. "Every healthy child," as he liked to say, "is a potential genius." Genetics and talent would be no obstacle. And he’d do it with great love.Fifty years later in a leafy suburb of St. Louis, I met one of Laszlo’s daughters, Susan Polgár, the first woman ever to earn the title of chess grandmaster. For several years, Susan had led the chess team of Webster University — a small residential college with a large international and online footprint — to consecutive national titles. Their spring break had just begun, and for the next few days, in a brick-and-glass former religious library turned chess hall, the team would drill for a four-team tournament in New York City to defend the title. The students, sporting blue-and-yellow windbreakers and polos, huddled around a checked board of white and black, a queen, rook, and pawn stacked in a row. They had started with the King’s Indian Defense, a well-mapped terrain. Now they were in the midgame. Polgár sat to the side, behind a laptop synced to the game, algorithms whirring. What should be the next move? she asked. "Be active and concrete."Jocular debate broke out, accents betraying origins: Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Brazil, Cuba, Vietnam, Hungary. "This is not human," one student said. "It looks magical," said another. Computers have long since outclassed humans in chess; they’re vital in training, but their recommended moves can seem quixotic. "No, it’s very human," Polgár assured them. The students, most of them grandmasters, grew quiet, searching the more than 100,000 positional situations they had ingrained over their lifetimes, exploring possible moves and the future problems they implied — moving down the decision tree. It’s the knot at the heart of chess: Each turn, you must move; when you move, a world of potential vanishes."Bishop G4?""Bishop G4," Polgár confirmed."That’s not a human move!""It’s a human move," she said. "It’s actually very pretty." The arrangement is close to a strategy she used before, against her sister. "I beat Judit on that."The students murmured. This demanded respect. Susan Polgár may be the first woman ever to earn the grandmaster title, but her younger sister is the best female chess player of all time.There are three Polgár sisters, Zsuzsa (Susan), Zsofia (Sofia), and Judit: all chess prodigies, raised by Laszlo and Klara in Budapest during the Cold War. Rearing them in modest conditions, where a walk to the stationery store was a great event, the Polgárs homeschooled their girls, defying a skeptical and chauvinist Communist system. They lived chess, often practicing for eight hours a day. By the end of the 1980s, the family had become a phenomenon: wealthy, stars in Hungary and, when they visited the United States,headline news.The girls were not an experiment in any proper form. Laszlo knew that. There was no control. But soon enough, their story outgrew their lives. They became prime examples in a psychological debate that has existed for a century: Does success depend more on the accidents of genetics or the decisions of upbringing? Nature or nurture? In its most recent form, that debate has revolved around the position, advanced by K. Anders Ericsson, a psychologist at Florida State University, that intense practice is the most dominant variable in success. The Polgárs would seem to suggest: Yes.You may have heard of Ericsson. His work was popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best seller,Outliers, which spawned the notion of 10,000 hours of practice, in particular, as a mythical threshold to success. It’s a cultural fixture. Turn on the radio and you’ll hear a musician talking about "getting his 10,000 hours" in. This popularization also caused abacklash — documented in David Epstein’s book The Sports Gene and elsewhere — of researchers arguing that genetics and other factors are as important as practice. It’s a value-laden struggle, with precious few facts. In a globalized world where returns concentrate to top performers, research showing the primacy of practice is a hopeful, democratic message. "The scientific formulation of the American dream," as one psychologist told me. The Polgárs embody that hope. Is it a false hope?"Truth is not going to be simple-minded when it comes to greatness," says Scott Barry Kaufman, a University of Pennsylvania psychologist who has tried to rework the terms of the debate. It’s a nuance many don’t want to hear. Everyone remembers the names of scientists who take a hard line on the nature-nurture debate; in academia, the spoils and the press go to those on the extremes. The Polgár story, in particular, seems to yield a clear lesson. "The world wants a simple story," Kaufman says, "and a story that you can apply to your own life." Susan, for one, is happy to play the exemplar. If her life is evidence of anything, it’s that "nurture is a lot more important than nature," she said in her office after practice. Magazine covers and prizes coated the walls, including a black-and-white photo of the sisters, in 1989, with George and Barbara Bush. She sees it with her students, she says. The best have both talent and fanatical practice habits. But if one student is lazier, talent can’t compensate — the one who practices more comes out ahead.Susan has never been accused of laziness. From St. Louis, she oversees a small chess empire: books,websites, and, of course, her chess team. Talking to the press, which she’s dealt with for nearly her entire life, she speaks like a canny politician — cautious, mulling the implications of what she might say. Webster recruited Susan and some of her students from Texas Tech University, where she had won two consecutive national titles. The move to Webster was controversial. Both are part of a community of small universities that have discovered that, by offering scholarships to chess players, many of them from abroad, they can raise the institution’s academic prestige for relatively little expense. None of the colleges had poached a coach before, let alone students.Equipped with celebrity and influence, Susan is an excellent recruiter. Many of her students are ranked higher than her; three have topped even Judit. Yet despite their great individual skill, the team members enjoy camaraderie. They visit the gym together. They’ve absorbed the Polgár way."Life and chess, they are similar in some points," Andre Diamant, a Brazilian graduate student and the team’s longest-tenured player, said during a break from practice. "Chess players know they need to study. They need to work. They need to improve. And they do that. In life, they have this same thing."You’re probably nodding your head. Few would dismiss the value of hard work. But if there’s a snag to the Polgár method of success, it might arise from a simple question: Susan and her sisters had similar childhoods. So why was Judit so much better?作文If you were to choose a compulsory course to the students of university in China, what course you will choose? Why ?翻译硕士英语翻译基础短语翻译（十个英译汉十个汉译英，三个句子）CPU, OPEC, UNESCO, IMF, YOG Euromart, Guinness book of records,world intellectual property organization, Celeblog, I-steel海选，对口支援，可持续发展，绿色食品，国家资产安全，战略伙伴关系，打假，真人秀，货到付款，短语基本是往年的词汇，比较简单，注意往年的真题就行了，句子三个不难，我也记不清了英译汉Ever since 1973,the energy policy pendulum has swung with depressing regularity from crisis to glut and back again . A steady resting point somewhere between has not been reached. That would be a point at which transient fluctuations in oil prices were not jarring, and at which U.S. policy would accept the reality of a permanent shift from $3-a-barrel oil to $30-a-barrel oil.Now we are in the glut phase. Producers are being forced to drop prices sharply. And once again we hear that the energy crisis is over. It is not. Economic recovery alone would soak up much of the excess in the oil market . Another war or revolution in the Gulf —— which any prudent person must consider possible —— could send the oil-importing nations back into crisis.In the United States, imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up, and consumption is down. The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department . But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous.Some important changes in U.S. energy use have occurred. The price of oil has been decontrolled, the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filled ,industry is using energy much more efficiently and the gas guzzler is an endangered species. But the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with that of other advanced nations is terrible, and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keep that unchanged.Nevertheless, the Reagan administration argues that higher energy prices have led to energy conservation and that there is therefore no reason for further federal support of research and other conservation programs. But the real issue is how much of what would be economically beneficial is not happening, and will not happen, under current policies. Do most types of energy use---technologies for supply and distribution, consumer information, manufacturing processes and the rest ——reflect the reality of expensive energy or the history of cheap energy 10 ? The answer varies by sector. Large businesses with access to expertise and capital have adjusted well. Most other sectors have not . In residential and commercial buildings, which consume a quarter of all the energy used in America, only a tiny fraction of the economically desirable savings is being captured.In short, a good beginning has been made, but it is only a beginning. To abandon conservation programs and dismantle research efforts now is to save small amounts of federaldollars at a very large longer-range cost to the economy. And hopeful talk about the end of the energy crisis ignores the painful lessons of the past decade.汉译英（温家宝在联合国教科文组织全民教育会议上的致词）中国的先贤说过：“一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。
2016年1月硕士研究生入学考试《英语》真题及详解
2016年1月硕士研究生入学考试《英语》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、PAPER ONE二、Section A(总题数：9，分数：9.00)（分数：4.15）(1).A.Because it is raining heavily.B.Because they want to have a picnic.C.Because there is too much traffic.D.Because the location is not easy to find.（分数：0.83）A. √B.C.D.【解析】女士说：昨天还是阳光灿烂!现在外面已经是大雨倾盆了。
男士说：我猜你今晚与杰里的约会取消了，对不对?女人说：是啊，因为现在我们无法去野餐了，我今晚只好留在家里。
rain cats and dogs的意思是"倾盆大雨"。
(2).A.Eat in the new cafeteria.B.Save some extra money.C.Look for an evening job.D.Pay the bill and leave.（分数：0.83）A.B.C. √D.【解析】男士说：我真的需要赚一些外快，我实际上已经花光了整个学期的预算。
女士说：你应该去新食堂看看，我想那里还会剩下一些晚上工作的空缺。
(3).A.He will buy a ring for her.B.He will organize the session.C.He will meet Sally right away.D.He will give Sally a call.（分数：0.83）A.B.C.D. √【解析】男士说：你知道吗，莎莉应该在一个小时前在这里和我们碰头，也许我们应该给她打个电话。
女士说：毕竟是她组织的学习班。
你说得对，我这就给她打电话。
give sb. a ring的意思是"打电话给某人"。
2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc
2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：74.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.I can't decide what to do. I'll ______it and let you know tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.sleep forB.sleep offC.sleep onD.sleep out of2.In the ______of the hurricane, many people's homes were destroyed.（分数：2.00）A.resultB.aftermathC.consequenceD.upshot3.In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______.（分数：2.00）A.gleamB.glistenC.glimmerD.glare4.To my mind, Mark Twain was ______the large man of his time.（分数：2.00）A.beyond the questionB.beyond questionC.beyond the doubtD.out of the question5.The ______that democracies do not fight each other is based on a tiny historical sample.（分数：2.00）A.propagationB.prepositionC.proposalD.proposition6.The roof ______under the weight of the snow.（分数：2.00）A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended7.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "With urbanization the ______between rich and poor sharpened"?（分数：2.00）A.grudgeB.antagonismC.detestationD.hatred8.The moon was casting a rainbow through the ______from the waterfall.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.sprayC.scatterD.strew9.His family was subjected to a (n) ______attack by the gang.（分数：2.00）A.tediousB.hideousC.evilD.notorious10.The country was on the ______of becoming prosperous and successful.（分数：2.00）A.brimB.rimC.edgeD.verge11.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.All his lectures are very interesting.B.Half their savings were gone.C.Many his friends came to the party.D.Both his sisters are nurses.12.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film______"?（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.recentlytelyD.yet13.______should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.（分数：2.00）A.To be not tallB.Not being tallC.Being not tallD.Not to be tall14.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as______.（分数：2.00）A.it could beB.could beC.it wasD.was15.The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.Jim did thisB.Jim did soC.Jim did thatD.Jim did16.In his plays, Shakespeare ______his characters live through their language.（分数：2.00）A.would makeB.had madeC.has madeD.makes17.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ______the size of St. Peter's in Rome.（分数：2.00）A./B.that ofC.which isD.of18.______dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However19.If only I ______play the guitar as well as you!（分数：2.00）A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might20.The party, ______I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.（分数：2.00）A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichD.at which二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：3，分数：32.00)Yet the difference in tone and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks; that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the goal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate. Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greek oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death — the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come, the real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained inand natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill. What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom —I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all good. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.（分数：10.00）(1).As used in the passage, the author would define "wisdom" as______.（分数：2.00）A.the pursuit of rationality through imaginationB.an unemotional search for the truthC.a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is bestD.a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.B.Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man's problems.C.Science seeks a piecemeal solution to man's questions.D.The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.(3).According to the author, science differs from religion in that______.（分数：2.00）A.it is unaware of ultimate goalsB.it is unimaginativeC.its findings are exact and finalD.it resembles society and art(4).The author states that religion differs from rationality in that______.（分数：2.00）A.it relies on intuition rather than reasoningB.it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aimsC.it has disappointed mankindD.it has inspired mankind(5).According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be______.（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.a provider of hope for the futureC.a highly intellectual activityD.ineffectualIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence —as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lieare finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.(2).Recorded history has taught us______.（分数：2.00）A.violence never solves anythingB.nothingC.the bloodshed means nothingD.everything(3).It can be inferred that truly reasonable men______.（分数：2.00）A.can't get a hearingB.are looked down uponC.are persecutedD.have difficulty in advocating law enforcement(4)." He was none the wiser" means______.（分数：2.00）A.he was not at all wise in listeningB.he was not at all wiser than nothing beforeC.he gains nothing after listeningD.he makes no sense of the argument(5).According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is______.（分数：2.00）w enforcementB.knowledgeC.nonviolenceD.mopping up the violent messA bilingual person is someone who speaks two languages. A person who speaks more than two languages is called "multilingual" (although the term "bilingualism" can be used for both situations). Multilingualism isn't unusual; in fact, it's the norm for most of the world's societies. It's possible for a person to know and use three, four, or even more languages fluently. People may become bilingual either by acquiring two languages at the same time in childhood or by learning a second language sometime after acquiring their first language. Many bilingual people grow up speaking two languages. Often in America such people are the children of immigrants; these childrengrow up speaking their parents' native language in their childhood home while speaking English at school. Many bilinguals, however, are not immigrants; it is not uncommon for people born in the U. S. to speak English at school or work and another language at home. Children can also become bilingual if their parents speak more than one language to them, or if some other significant person in their life (such as a grandparent or caretaker) speaks to them consistently in another language. Sometimes a child will grow up in a household in which each parent speaks a different language; in that case, the child may learn to speak to each parent in that parent's language. In short, a young child who is regularly exposed to two languages from an early age will most likely become a fluent native speaker of both languages. The exposure must involve interaction;a child growing up in an English-speaking household who is exposed to Spanish only through Spanish-language television won't become a Spanish-English bilingual, but a child who is regularly spoken to in both English and Spanish will. It is also possible to learn a second language sometime after early childhood, but the older you get, the harder it is to learn to speak a new language as well as a native speaker. Many linguists believe there is a "critical period" (lasting roughly from birth until puberty) during which a child can easily acquire any language that he or she is regularly exposed to. Under this view, the structure of the brain changes at puberty, and after that it becomes harder to learn a new language. This means that it is much easier to learn a second language during childhood than as an adult. In some countries, nearly everybody is bilingual or multilingual. In parts of India, for example, a small child usually knows several languages. In many European countries, children are encouraged to learn a second language —typically English. In fact, the U. S. is quite unusual among the countries of the world in that many of its citizens speak only English, and they are rarely encouraged to become fluent in any other language. There is no evidence to suggest that it's any harder for a child to acquire two languages than it is for the child to acquire one language. As long as people are regularly speaking with the child in both languages, the child will acquire them both easily. A child doesn't have to be exceptional or have any special language ability to become bilingual; as long as the child is exposed to two languages throughout early childhood, he or she will acquire them both. Some people worry that learning more than one language is bad for a child, but nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, there are a lot of advantages to knowing more than one language. First, many linguists feel that knowing a second language actually benefits a child's cognitive development. Second, if the child comes from a family that has recently immigrated to the U. S. , the family may speak a language other than English at home and may still have strong ties to their ethnic roots. In this case, being able to speak the language of the family's ethnic heritage may be important for the child's sense of cultural identity. To be unable to speak the family's language could make a child feel like an outsider within his or her own family; speaking the family's language gives the child a sense of identity and belonging. Third, in an increasingly global marketplace, it's an advantage for anyone to know more than one language — regardless of whether one's family is new to the U. S. And finally, for people of any age or profession, knowing a second language encourages cross-cultural awareness and understanding. Some people may wonder whether bilingualism in America threatens the English language. Well, English is in no danger of disappearing any time soon; it is firmly established both in America and in countries throughout the world. In fact, no language has ever held as strong a position in the world as English does today. Some people worry when they see Spanish showing up on billboards and pay phones, but in a neighborhood with a high Spanish-speaking population, it makes perfectly good sense for public information and instructions to be printed in both English and Spanish. This doesn't mean that the English language is in danger. The truth is that there will probably always be immigrants in the U. S. , coming from a wide variety of countries, who cannot speak English but whose grandchildren and great-grandchildren will end up being native English speakers. The reason for this is, again, the fact that it is much easier for children to learn another language than itis for adults. Adults who immigrate to the U. S. , especially later in life, may never really become fluent in English. It's not that they don't want to speak English; it's simply much more difficult for them to learn it well. Their children, however, will be able to pick up English easily from their friends and the society around them. These second-generation immigrants, the children of the adult immigrants, are likely to be bilingual, speaking their parents' language at home and English at school and in the English-speaking community. When they grow up and have children of their own, those children —the third generation —will most likely speak only English, both at home with their bilingual parents and in the English-speaking community. Thisthree-generation pattern has been repeating itself for many years, through wave after wave of immigrants. Many adults today who speak only English can remember grandparents andgreat-grandparents who spoke very little English, who instead spoke mostly Polish, Italian, German, or Swedish — the language of the country they grew up in. In sum, bilingualism isn't a danger either to the English language or to the bilingual speakers themselves. On the contrary, there are many advantages to bilingualism, both for the individual and for the society as a whole. English enjoys tremendous dominance in the U. S. and in the world. But if history is any indication, there will always be people in the U. S. who cannot speak English — and they will have grandchildren who do. Answer the following questions:（分数：12.00）(1).How can people be bilingual?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).What is the importance of "interaction" in the process of being bilingual?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).In what way are the Americans "quite unusual" (Paragraph 4)?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).According to the text, is it harder for a child to acquire two languages than it is for him to acquire only one language? Why or why not?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).Is it important for children of immigrants to learn their native language? Why or why not?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).Why does the author believe that bilingualism in the U. S. will not threaten the English language?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、Writing(总题数：1，分数：2.00)21.It is said that "There is no remedy for love but to love more." Do you agree with this opinion? Write an essay of about 500 words to state your view. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with details including any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2016年1月研究生英语读与译- 参考答案
南京师范大学研究生《研究生英语读与译》期末试卷（2016.1）专硕试卷没有的题目是红色字体标注部分！Part I Translate the following sentences into Chinese with the designated translating methods.1. This essay is a proof of his capability of using the "right" word at the right place. （词性转换法）这篇文章说明他能够把词用得很得体。
2.It is fitting that we are meeting in Thailand, which has had such remarkable success in curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS. （增词法）我们把这次会议安排在泰国举行是适当的，这个国家在遏制艾滋病病毒和艾滋病的传播方面取得了显著成就。
3.This is the rule of sports ----- thousands of losers to set off one victor who in turn will eventually be replaced by someoneon the honour list. （句序重组法）成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。
4. By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. （主/被动语态转换法）大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题以及答案
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, １those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up :The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry20 the woman must wait ten months.1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C] arrange [D] postpone4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] but [C] or [D] so8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A] whatever [B] however [C] whenever [D] wherever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] withdrawn [B] invested [C] donated [D] divided19. [A] breaks [B] warms [C] shows [D] clears20. [A] so that [B] while [C] once [D] in thatSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting ex treme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep ---and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states: “we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main to ol of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards ofa particular industry.21. According to the first Paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] New runways would be constructed.[B] Physical beauty would be redefined.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] New standards are being set in Denmark.[B] The French measures have already failed.[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for __________[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] setting a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] A C hallenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green bel ts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative---the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside __________[A] didn’t start t ill the Shakespearean age[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS[C] is fully backed by the royal family[D] is not well reflected in politics27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being_____[A] gradually destroyed[B] effectively reinforced[C] largely overshadowed[D] properly protected28. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference ________[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph, the author show his appreciation of________[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the political life in today’s Britain[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D] the town-and-country planning in BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist. “That is, to use its resources and engage in ac tivities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) polic ies as a waste of shareholders’money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies ---at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a com pany’s products as an indirect way to d onate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect”, whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its me rits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Frie dman’s statement about CSR with_______[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by_______[A] winning trust from consumers[B] guarding it against malpractices[C] protecting it from being defamed[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient” (line 2, Para.4) is closest in meaning to_______[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record_______.[A] has an impact on their decision[B] comes across as reliable evidence[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks –isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation may be lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figur ing out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, yo u could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital–only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s b etter to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to_____.[A] the high cost of operation[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the increasing online ad sales37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should_____.[A] seek new sources of leadership[B] end the print sedition for good[C] aim for efficient management[D] make strategic adjustments38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”______.[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that, in a changing world______.[A] legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your print Newspapers a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range ofoptions is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s t he best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular ly helpful duringtransitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professio nal photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of i nnate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: C-D-C-B-C6 - 10: A-B-C-D-A11-15: D-D-B-A-C16-20: A-B-D-C-BSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21 – 25 : B-D-A-C-A26 – 30: D-A-D-B-D31 – 35: B-A-C-A-B36 – 40: A-D-B-C-CPart B (10 points)41 – 45 : C-G-D-E-FPart C (10 points)46. 我们不用去学习如何保持心理健康，因为它是与生俱来的，就好像我们的身体知道如何让伤口自愈，如何修复伤骨。
2016考研英语一真题及答案详解（阅读部分）
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)阅读部分Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections;Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text lFrance,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week toalaw that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that”incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls,about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a fewother countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions,Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to helpelevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline【答案】A【解析】推断题。
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案--翻译
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案--翻译Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we dont have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health cant be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesnt go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. Its a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2016 年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷（总分：74.00 ，做题时间：90 分钟）一、Vocabulary（总题数：20，分数：40.00）1.I can't decide what to do. I'll _____ it and let you know tomorrow.（分数： 2.00 ）A. sleep forB. sleep offC. sleep on VD. sleep out of解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。
sleep on it 为固定搭配，意为“ （把重要的事）留待第二天决定”，故答案为[C]项。
sleep off意为"用睡眠消除（旅途劳顿、暴饮暴食等行为引起的不适）”。
没有sleep for 和sleep out of 的用法。
2.In the ______ of the hurricane, many people's homes were destroyed.（分数： 2.00 ）A. resultB. aftermath VC. consequenceD. upshot解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
result 意为“结果，效果”，为普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。
aftermath 意为“后果，余波”，尤指灾难或不幸事件的后果，符合空后的hurricane …homes were destroyed 的语义，故为答案。
consequence 意为“结果，后果”，多指某一事件引起的必然或自然的结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系。
upshot 意为“最终结果，结局”，是一种决定性结果。
3.In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden _____ .（分数： 2.00 ）A. gleam VB. glistenC. glimmerD. glare解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
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2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：74.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.I can't decide what to do. I'll ______it and let you know tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.sleep forB.sleep offC.sleep on √D.sleep out of解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。
sleep on it为固定搭配，意为“(把重要的事)留待第二天决定”，故答案为[C]项。
sleep off意为“用睡眠消除(旅途劳顿、暴饮暴食等行为引起的不适)”。
没有sleep for 和sleep out of的用法。
2.In the ______of the hurricane, many people's homes were destroyed.（分数：2.00）A.resultB.aftermath √C.consequenceD.upshot解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
result意为“结果，效果”，为普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。
aftermath意为“后果，余波”，尤指灾难或不幸事件的后果，符合空后的hurricane…homes were destroyed的语义，故为答案。
consequence意为“结果，后果”，多指某一事件引起的必然或自然的结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系。
upshot 意为“最终结果，结局”，是一种决定性结果。
3.In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______.（分数：2.00）A.gleam √B.glistenC.glimmerD.glare解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
gleam意为“闪光，闪亮”，尤指反射的微弱光线。
根据in the light from the hall和her hair判断，答案为[A]项。
glisten意为“(光洁或湿润表面等反射的亮光)闪耀，闪光”。
glimmer意为“(常指闪烁的)微光”。
glare意为“强光”，指眩目的光。
4.To my mind, Mark Twain was ______the large man of his time.（分数：2.00）A.beyond the questionB.beyond question √C.beyond the doubtD.out of the question解析：解析：本题考查短语辨析。
beyond question意为“毫无疑问，无可争辩，毋庸置疑”，相当于短语out of question，既可起形容词的作用，在句中用作表语，也可起副词的作用，在句中作状语。
根据句意，马克·吐温无疑是他那一时代中了不起的人物，故答案为[B]项。
out of the question意为“不可能”，相当于impossible，常用于口语中或句子主语是更加具体的名词或动名词，而不是it或that。
没有beyond the question和beyond the doubt这两个固定搭配。
5.The ______that democracies do not fight each other is based on a tiny historical sample. （分数：2.00）A.propagationB.prepositionC.proposalD.proposition √解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
propagation意为“宣传；传播；使普及”。
preposition意为“介词”。
proposal意为“提议，建议，提案；求婚”。
proposition意为“见解，观点”。
分析句子结构可知，that引导的是同位语从句，结合四个选项判断，democracies do not fight each other应是一种观点。
句意为：认为民主国家互不争斗的观点是以一个极小的历史样本为根据的。
6.The roof ______under the weight of the snow.（分数：2.00）A.fellB.submergedC.collapsed √D.descended解析：解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。
根据空后的the weight of the snow和四个选项的含义判断，既然是由于雪的重量导致的问题，那么房顶应该是坍塌才符合语义，故答案为collapse(倒塌，塌下)。
fall 意为“跌倒，塌倒；落下，降落”。
submerge意为“潜入水中”。
descend意为“下来，下降”。
7.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "With urbanization the ______between rich and poor sharpened"?（分数：2.00）A.grudgeB.antagonism √C.detestationD.hatred解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
grudge意为“不满，积怨，怨恨”。
antagonism意为“敌对，对立，对抗”，强调“对立情绪”。
detestation意为“厌恶，憎恶”。
hatred意为“仇恨，憎恶，敌意”。
根据空前的urbanization(城市化)和空后的rich and poor(贫富)判断，应表示贫富间的对立情绪。
句意为：随着城市化的推进，贫富间的对立情绪也加剧了。
8.The moon was casting a rainbow through the ______from the waterfall.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.spray √C.scatterD.strew解析：解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。
spread意为“传播，蔓延”。
spray意为“浪花，水花，飞沫；水雾，喷雾”。
scatter意为“(散放的)摊，堆”。
strew意为“撒，散播，在……上布满(或撒满)”，是动词。
根据空前的定冠词the，首先排除[D]项。
根据空后的the waterfall(瀑布)判断，本空所填词应表示“水花”，故答案为[B]项。
句意为：月亮在瀑布溅起的水花上照出了一道彩虹。
9.His family was subjected to a (n) ______attack by the gang.（分数：2.00）A.tediousB.hideous √C.evilD.notorious解析：解析：本题考查形容词的词义辨析。
tedious意为“乏味的，单调的，冗长的”。
hideous意为“(事件、经历或行动)极可恶的，非常痛苦的，令人难以忍受的”，符合空后attack by the gang(匪帮的袭击)的语义，故为答案。
evil意为“邪恶的，坏的”。
notorious意为“声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”。
句意为：他的家人遭到了匪帮的恐怖袭击。
10.The country was on the ______of becoming prosperous and successful.（分数：2.00）A.brimB.rimC.edgeD.verge √解析：解析：本题考查短语辨析。
四个选项均与on the…of构成短语。
on the brim of意为“(容器的)边，边缘”。
on the rim of意为“(圆形物体的)边，缘”。
on the edge of意为“濒于，几乎，在……边缘”，强调位置。
on the verge of意为“接近于，濒临于”，强调将要发生的情况，形势，处境。
根据空后的becoming判断，句子应该表示即将发生的事情。
句意为：这个国家即将走向繁荣富强。
11.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.All his lectures are very interesting.B.Half their savings were gone.C.Many his friends came to the party. √D.Both his sisters are nurses.解析：解析：本题考查限定词排序。
限定词的先后顺序为：前位+中位+后位。
四个选项中，all，both，half 为前位限定词，his和their为中位限定词，many为后位限定词。
Many his为“后位+中位”，不符合限定词的先后顺序，故[C]项不正确。
12.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film______"? （分数：2.00）A.beforeB.recentlytelyD.yet √解析：解析：本题考查副词作状语的用法。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句，而原句为陈述句，yet在此不能使句子补充完整，符合题干要求。
13.______should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.（分数：2.00）A.To be not tallB.Not being tall √C.Being not tallD.Not to be tall解析：解析：本题考查非谓语动词辨析。
动词不定式和动名词作主语时的区别：动词不定式作主语时，通常表示具体的某一次动作，动名词作主语时，通常表示泛指或一般的抽象概念，如已知的事实或经验。
句中“长得不高”是泛指，即已知的事实，故排除[A]项和[D]项。
动名词短语being tall是一个整体，表示“长得高”这一事实，所以否定时将not加在前面。
14.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as______.（分数：2.00）A.it could beB.could be √C.it wasD.was解析：解析：本题考查状语从句。
本句是一个省略句，完整的句子为：They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as they could be chatting．其中的easily and naturally修饰的是chatting，[B]项是they could be chatting的省略形式，为答案。