英语常见词缀

英语词汇中常见词缀一、前缀1 、表示“否定或逆转”de- demerit decode deforestation deform degrade dehumanize denounce detour deraildis- disagree disappear disable disadvantage disarm discharge discover disclaim discontinuous discourage dishonor disqualify dislikein- incorrect indirect inadequate informal independent incapable inappropriateil- illegal illogical illiterate illegitimateim- imbalance immature impatient impossible impractical imperfect improperir- irregular irre1evant irrational irresponsiblemis- misuse misunderstand misleading misinterpret misbehavior mispronouncenon- nonsense nonsmoker non-believer non-verbal non-competitiveun- uncertain unlock unable unacceptable unaware uncomfortable undemocratic unemployed unfair unfaithful unintelligent unfortunate unnecessary unsuccessful unrealistic unwilling unharmonious unhappy unpleasant[注] il- im-和ir-为in-的变体形式il-用在l前，im-用在b、m和P前,而ir-则用在r前。

2. 表示“时间顺序”ex- ex-president ex-wifefore- foretell foresee forecast forefathers foreshadow forerunnermid- midday midterm mid-summer mid-fifties Mideast mid-agespost- postgraduate postwarpre- precaution prewar prerequisite pre-condition pre-school predawn pre-electionre- recall rebuild rethink regain restart reconsider reunite redefine3 . “方向或位置”ex- export exc1udeextra- 非常，,超级extraordinary extra-large extra-bright extra-specialin- inland invadeim- immigrate importinter- international interaction interchangeable interdependent intermarriage interconnected interrelatedintra- 存在或发生在事物内部的intrastate intra-African intra-racialsub- subway submarine sub-surface subtitle subconscious subdivision sub-branch subplot tele- 存在于远处，或者事物在一定距离外发生telescope television telegram telecommunicationtrans- transatlantic trans-cultural transportation trans-continental transmit transit transform 4 . “程度、大小或差别关系”macro- macroeconomics macro-structuremicro- microeconomics microscope microcomputer microwave Microsoft microfilm mini- minibus miniskirt mini-lecture mini-camera minicabout- outnumber outdo outgrow out-grow outpaceover- overwork overuse overabundant overanxious over-cautious overconfident overcharge overweight overestimate overwork overcook overburdened over-stressedsuper- 非常，十分superabundant super-active super-intelligent supermarket superpower ultra- 极度，十分ultra-radical ultra-civilized ultra-conservative ultra-modern ultra-rich under- 不足，在……之下underestimate underdeveloped under-employed underfinancedunderstaffed undervalue underweightvice- vice-president vice-principal vice-captain vice-chairman vice-ministerhyper- 特别，超级hypercritical hyper-competitive hyper-sensitive hyper-alertwell- well-educated well-developed well-written well-grounded well-to-do well-informed well-intentioned well-preserved well-behaved well-bred well-brought-up ill- ill-bred ill-defined ill-founded ill-informed ill-equipped ill-prepared ill-tempered 5．表示“数量”bi—bicycle bilingual bilateraluni- unilateral unique uniform unitykilo- kilometer kilogrammono- monop1ane monorail monotonous monopoly monologue monogamymulti- multifunctional multinational multicultural multi-dimensional multi-faceted multi-talented multi-lingual multi-mediapoly- polygamy polysyllablesemi- 半，差不多semi-retired semi-darkness semiconductor semiofficial semicircletri- triangle tricycle tri-level tri-lateral6 表示“方式或态度”anti- antiwar antiterrorism anti-abortion anti-aggression antivirus anti-government auto- 自动，自身autobiography automobile autonomyco- cooperate coexistence co-author co-exist co-educationalcon- connection concentrate consensus conjunction contactcol- colleague collect collide collocationcom- combine common companion compresscor- correct corre1atecontra- controversial contradictioncounter—counterattack countermeasure counterbalance(注) col- com- 和cor为con- 的变体形式。

col- 用在1前，com- 用在b、m和p前，而cor- 则用在r前。

7 变换词类的前缀be- 使之成为， belittle becalmed beloved befrienden- enable endanger enrich enlarge encourage enslaveem- embitter empower embark embody(注) be- ,en- 和em-均可加在名词或形容词前，使其变为动词。

be- 表示“使（显得）”、“视作”等意思；en-和em-（用在b、m和p前）表示“使（成为）”“使处于…状态” 等意思。

8 其他的bio- 生物，生命biochemistry biologymal- 表示不好的东西malnutrition maltreat malfunction maladministrationpseudo- 表示事物并非表面的样子pseudoscience pseudo-democratic pseudo-friendtherm(o)- “热”thermo-chemical thermometer thermo-pollution二、后缀1 、常见的名词后缀(1) 表示“人或物”-an American historian-arian humanitarian vegetarian-ian Christian grammarian-ant assistant participant accountant attendant consultant immigrant inhabitant contestant applicant defendant-ent correspondent resident-ee employee trainee interviewee nominee detainee-er receiver speaker lecturer employer producer photographer-or sailor actor governor administrator visitor protector-ar scholar beggar-ese Japanese Portuguese-ess actress hostess waitress-ist socialist novelist environmentalist(2) 表示“性质、状态、动作、行为等” (构成抽象名词)-ability suitability availability accountability capability reasonability-ibility possibility reducibility accessibility feasibility plausibility responsibility -age marriage shortage coverage shrinkage storage-al arrival refusal denial dismissal-ance acceptance importance appearance assistance dominance resemblance-ence dependence existence adherence insistence dependence emergence preference -ancy expectancy-ency consistency tendency-cy bankruptcy captaincy-dom freedom wisdom boredom-ery bravery robbery discovery-hood childhood adulthood knighthood brotherhood neighborhood-ion construction election action connection creation decision explanation contribution operation production situation conclusion immigration addition -ation alteration civilization-ism socialism criticism feminism pessimism heroism communism liberalism modernism terrorism perfectionism-(i)ty certainty regularity-ment movement encouragement achievement development agreement argument arrangement assessment entertainment unemployment requirement retirement-ness carelessness kindness helplessness awareness awkwardness boldness emptiness gentleness nervousness openness correctness weakness attractiveness consciousness-ship friendship leadership authorship citizenship leadership membership-ure exposure failure closure departure mixture expenditure(3) 表示“场所”-ery fishery refinery bakery(4) 表“学科”-ics electronics physics economics politics-(o)logy biology archeology psychology sociology(5) 表示“数量”-ful handful spoonful mouthful2．常见的动词后缀表示“使(成为)”“使…化”-en strengthen weaken broaden deepen sharpen loosen widen worsen-ify c1assify simplify clarify dignify falsify identify intensify qualify justify satisfy simplify glorify beautify-ize modernize realize civilize dramatize industrialize legalize victimize (注) -ize 在英国英语中也拼作-ise。