英语 句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分及结构句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。

一．主语：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

二. 谓语:I saw a girl.I love you.You should work hard.You had better take a bus.He is a handsome boy.He works hard all day.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.He is writing a letter.I can do it.谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

一般由动词或动词短语担任。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students. 三．宾语I saw a cat in the tree.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （数词）My father bought me a book.We think you are right. We call him TOM.We find the little girl in the hill.宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示。

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。

宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

His father named him Dongming. （名词）They painted their boat white. （形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）四．定语That is a beautiful flower. This is my book.I have a lot of things to do.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

单个的定语一般放在所修饰词的前面，短语或从句一般放在所修饰词的后面。

定语一般由形容词或者相当于形容词的词，短语或句子担任，如数词，名词所有格，形容词，介词短语，过去分词，现在分词，不定式和定语从句。

五．状语He is playing under the tree.（地点）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dirty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因)He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）He sat there making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

状语由副词担任，状语一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

六.表语These desks are yellow.We are happy now. It sounds good.It smells nice. Tom is a handsome boyOur teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.(动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

句子结构(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构|（vi.）I swim.主谓They listened carefully．My homework has finished.二．S十V十O主谓宾结构(vt.)I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children．三．S十V十P主系表结构（系动词）Is,look ____________________+形容词He is old.主系动表语The story sounds interesting.主系动词表语The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher．The trees turn yellow in the autumn.四．S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构give，ask__________________sb sthHe gave me a book.主谓宾1 宾2He brought me a pen. He offered me his seatHe got me a chair五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构They made the girl angry.主谓宾宾补They found her happy that day．I saw him in.I heard the glass broken just now.六．There be 句型there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。

如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。

如：There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk.句子成分口诀主在前、谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。

短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。

间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连。

宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。

句子成分练习题选择填空：( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now ( ) 2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we( )7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly ( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well. A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of li ving are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother .7. There are many film that I’d like to see.8. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9. I have a lot of work to do .10.We can send a car over to fetch you .11.She had to work standing up .12.Seeing this ,some comrades became veryworried . 13.The bus arrived ten minutes late .14.Some farmers saw something strange in thesky .15.We think it necessary that everyone shouldattend the meeting .16.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .17.It was in the library that I come today .18.He likes drawing at times when he isn’tworking .19.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock thedoor.连词成句1、often ,She ,five ,for, times ,homework , a ,does, week.2、sometimes，TV ,watches，He.3、of, two, I ,cups, want, water.4、book, on, desk, The, is, the.5、a, country, is ,China, great.6、an, A, is, animal.7、is, very, The, beautiful, city.8、have, I, sisters, two.9、is, a, the, There, in, desk, classroom.10、morning, on, My, football, Saturday, plays,father.11、is, a, not, pen, this.12、drink ，I ，milk，never.13、set, It, a, color, is, TV, not.14、teacher, not, I, a, am.15、classroom, in, He, not, is, the.16、does, love, you, she, not.17、much, have, I, money, not.18、is, nothing, the, there, in, room.19、interesting, is, film, not, The.20、a, computer, That, not, is21、your, this, bedroom, Is?22、the, Is, book, expensive?23、Great, the, Wall, Is, this?24、he, smoke, Does, heavily?25、they, go, every, summer, Do, to, Europe?26、the, go, round, earth, sun, Does, the?27、you, English, have, books, two, Do?28、man, Is, a, in, there, room, the?29、pens, Are, any, on, there, desk, the? 30、you, get, Are, every, up, day,at 6:00?31、these, What, are?32、my, where, socks, are?33、color, is, the, What, bag?34、Sundays, do, What, you, do, on?35、do, How, eat, often, you, vegetables?36、book, Whose, is, this?37、favorite, What, your, is, fruit?38、does, father, your, Where, work?39、believes, Who, God, in?40、hobby, your, What, is?。