英语 句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分及结构

句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。一．主语：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）

We often speak English in class.（代词）

One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）

The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign language.

（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

二. 谓语:

I saw a girl.

I love you.

You should work hard.

You had better take a bus.

He is a handsome boy.

He works hard all day.

Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.

He is writing a letter.

I can do it.

谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语担任。

谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 三．宾语

I saw a cat in the tree.

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）

He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）

I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （数词）

My father bought me a book.

We think you are right. We call him TOM.

We find the little girl in the hill.

宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等表示。

宾语种类：

（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），

例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.

（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），

例如：They elected him their monitor.

宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

His father named him Dongming. （名词）

They painted their boat white. （形容词）

Let the fresh air in.（副词）

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）

We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）

We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

四．定语

That is a beautiful flower. This is my book.

I have a lot of things to do.

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）