专业英语基础课件
机电专业英语PPT课件
例句：They made an immense improvement in English.
在E英nd语方面他们取得了巨大的进步To。pic Above Next
centrifugal [sen‘trifjugəl] adj.离心的
mass-produced大(批)量生产的
Section II Text
Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ev er since the beginning of the Industrial Revo lution at the end of the 18th century.（自从 18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进 程一直在不断地发展，并且变得越来越 复杂。） The current developments of auto matic processes are, however, different from the old ones.（但目前的工业自动化过程 较以前的工业自动化过程有很大的不同）
）
Now people often talk about “feedback” as b
eing an essential factor of the new industrial t
echniques, upon which is based an automatic
self-regulating system and by virtue of which
And in many, though not all, instances th e element of control is so great that me chanization displaces muscle, “automat ion” displaces brain as well.（尽管不 是所有的情况，但在大多数情况下， 控制元件依然发挥着强大的力量， 机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自 动化代替了脑力劳动。
专业英语基础知识
1.广泛使用被动语态 (客观性)
非人称语气
主体是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证 说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读 者的注意。 Solid materials are grouped into three basic classifications: metals, ceramics and polymers. 固体材料可分为三种基本类型：金属、陶瓷和聚合物。 The structure of a material can be investigated on several levels. 材料的结构可以在几个层次上进行研究
精练性(conciseness)。
论文、综述、实验报告、教材、专利、说明书等
专业英语
Specialized English
（English for Special Science and Technology）
是结合各自专业的科技英语
有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，
与专业内容配合更为密切。 隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念、理论与
3、后置形容词短语作定语多 （精炼）
代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简洁、紧凑，不至于累赘。 All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics, which are analogous to those of waves moving through water. All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water. 所有的辐射能都具有波的特性，与水中移动的波的特征相似。
车辆工程 汽车专业英语课件-汽车基础知识部分 - Chapter 5 Braking System
鼓式制动器 盘式制动器 制动蹄 制动鼓 轮缸 摩擦衬片 制动钳 制动液 单向阀
Chapter 5 Braking Systems
5.1 Overview of Braking Systems
The braking system is very important to a car. If your brakes don’t work properly, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually energy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy of the vehicle into thermal energy.
本节课学习内容、目标和重点难点
学习内容
Chapter 5 Braking Systems
学习目标 难点重点
1.掌握制动系统的基本组成、类型、ABS系统 主要零件的英文名称
2.提高翻译技巧，能较熟练翻译课文
1.重点是英文专业术语记忆 2.难点是生词偏多、ABS控制原理原理
Chapter 5 Braking Systems
n.卡钳，测径器；v. 用卡钳测量
['mæɡnitaiz] vt. 吸引；使磁化vi. 磁化；受磁
[ri'tɑ:də]
n. 缓凝剂；减速器；阻滞剂；迟 缩剂
[hai'drɔ:lik]
adj. 液压的；水力的；水力学的
[kəm'pɑ:tmənt]
n. 隔间；区划；卧车上的小客房 vt. 分隔；划分
['bu:stə]
2 .Disc Brake The main parts of a disc brake include the brake cylinder, the brake disc and the brake calipers. The disc brake is a lot like the brakes on a bicycle. Bicycle brakes have a caliper, which squeezes the brake pads against the wheel. In a disc brake, the brake pads squeeze the rotor instead of the wheel, and the force is transmitted hydraulically instead of through a cable. Friction between the pads and the disc slows the disc down (Fig. 5-4 and 5-5).
新编英语教程英语专业课件02
新编英语教程英语专业课件02Unit 2Students’ book:A. Guessing the meanings of words1. d2. f3. i4. k5. J6. a7. l 8. b 9. h 10. c 11. g 12. eB. Looking up words in a dictionary1. disorganized; happening in an unplanned disorderly way2. suitable3. polite, kind and pleasant4. careless5. say that something is wrong6. silly, absurd7. perceive, see8. officials as a group9. over-sensitive to certain things10. rough in speech and ways11. a state of long unnatural deep unconsciousness caused by disease, poisoning, a severeblow and so on12. money received from the government because one is unemployedWorkbook:TEXT IComprehension (reference versions):B. Reference version:1. The richer life experience we have, and the more people from all walks of life we know,we will develop more extensive and flexible knowledge of different English styles and the ability to use each style appropriately when the occasion arises.2. If we do not know when to use each style appropriately, or if we confuse one style withanother inappropriately, an unsystematic and casual knowledge of styles is of no use, or even worse.3. Neither "bags of fun" nor "extremely gracious" in its suitable context is a careless / casualexpression of one's ideas.4. It would, however, also be absurd/foolish to turn the judgment completely the other wayround.5. Except in cases where they are used to achieve humorous effect, contemporary writersthink that euphemisms are too disgusting, artificial and pretentious.6. Supporting the argument made by using the outdated and stereotyped phrases that arcoften used by trade union leaders would be as easy as shooting birds that never fly away.7. Some euphemisms are unusual enough to be funny. They are so unusual that they becomequite funny.8. Some people may also like extreme understatement.TEXT IIComprehension1. C2. C3. A4. B5. B6. CTEXT IIIComprehension1. F (The euphemistic term for "dustmen" in the U.S. simply sounds more prosperous. )2. T3. F (He is put in prison, but the name for prison is "adjustment centre". )4. F (There are, but the term "poor people" has been replaced by the euphemism: the "underprivileged". )5. F (There are more euphemisms in English than in many other languages. )GUIDED WRITINGSentence CombinationReference version:Proverbs, probably as old as our civilization, form an important part of our heritage. Children can learn basic lessons from them. For example, they may learn thrift by hearing a parent or grandparent say, "Waste not, want not." Young people tempted to be dishonest are often able to resist the temptation by recalling "Honesty is the best policy". Or persons faced with difficult tasks will be encouraged to persevere by keeping in mind that "Little strokes fell great oaks". And many tense situations are improved when one person or another remembers that "A softanswer turns away wrath", or that "Two cannot quarrel if one won’t".Proverbs are found in almost every language in the world, whether the language is written or not. In fact, where the language has not been written, proverbs are one of the principal ways the people pass down their philosophy of life from one generation to another, thus preserving their most precious heritage.IV. TranslationA. 1. An unknown disease affected his brain so badly that he lost his memory completely.2. The protesting crowds outside the courthouse had no effect at all on the judges and thejury of this Pacific island country.3. A guilty man apprehends danger in every sound.4. Her soft voice and gracious smile put everyone in the room at ease.5. Not until you have a good command of a scale of styles can you speak Englishappropriately in different situations.6. His haphazard knowledge of modern economics was one of the reasons why he failed inhis business.7. The new general manager did not feel very comfortable with the way he was addressedby his colleagues in the company.8. No matter how hard he had tried, his efforts to improve his image in the mind of thepublic proved to be ineffective.9. It was the last thing that occurred to the commander thathis soldiers would defy/disobey his orders.10. Although the composition teacher considers these expressions nothing but clich6s, theyappeal very much to the students.B. Reference version:We should always bear in mind that in different circumstances we use the English language in different ways. This fact, however, is often forgotten. When we think about language, we too often think only of the more formal forms, especially the written forms. But we are not always reading and writing. We use slang, or at least colloquial forms, with friends and acquaintances. In certain social situations, we use clich6s that we would probably blush to write down. We use polite speech when we speak to our elders or our superiors. We use high-sounding language on important occasions. We tell jokes and make comments about things or people near or far. We talk about ordinary things or of the secrets of the universe. We express feelings to one person or to a group. We choose slightly different forms of language for each of these purposes. For a native speaker of English, his choice is partly instinctive and partly based on an awareness of the kind of language that is expected of him. A good command of English must include an acquaintance with all these "registers".V. Blank FillingA. 1. a) died b)death c)dead d)deathly/deadlye)deadly f)deathlike/deathly g)dying2. a) judge b) judgment c)judges3. a)approaching b)approach c)approached4. a)argue b)argumentative c)argument5. a)observing b)observant c)observationsB. 1) countries 2) translation 3) communicate 4) Translators5) misunderstandings 6) universal 7) centuries/ages 8) language9) problem 10) realized 11) language 12) told 13) worked14) more/successive 15) in 16) on 17) Esperanto 18) same/fixed 19) countries 20) newspapers 21) books 22) created/developed 23) has 24) Esperanto25) universal/internationalC. 1.D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. DD.1. (1) described as (2) just as plainly(3) equals (4) get(5) as was often the case (6) approached a state of collapse and coma(7) done away with2. (1) described ... as (2) whereas(3) no more ... than (4) more ... the less(5) tire of (6) insisting(7) just (8) nothing but(9) was well aware (10) a slight feeling of guilt(11) as (12) address(13) acquire (14) unless(15) struck ... asVI. Possible responses for reference:1. Yes. Of course I will.2. Well, mm, yes, erh, perhaps not3. Yes. I'm afraid so.4. Oh yes, no problem.5. I'm afraid I won't, much as I like to.6. It certainly is.7. Indeed! Does he? 8. No. None at all.9. I'm sorry, I didn't. 10. No! I was not.Dictation:A. Word dictationsupple, haphazard, consistence, condemn, atmosphere,ridiculous, officialdom, administration, sufficient, appealingB. sentence-making with key phrases (reference versions)1. no more… than … : President Obama was no more a eloquent speaker than Governor Romneyin the first presidential debate.2. for all…: For all her efforts, she still failed to impress the interviewers in the final round.C. Paragraph dictation (14 sentences)We should always bear in mind that in different circumstances we use the English language in different ways. This fact, however, is often forgotten.When we think about language, we too often think only of the more formal forms, especially the written forms. But we are not always reading and writing. We use informal forms with families and friends. In certain social situations, we use clichés that we would probably blush to write down. We use polite speech when we speak to our elders or to our superiors. We use high-sounding language on important occasions. We tell jokes and make comments about things or people near or far. We talk about ordinary things or the secrets of the universe. We express feelings to one person or to a group. We choose slightly different forms of language for each of these purposes.For a native speaker of English, his choice is partly instinctive and partly based on an awareness of the kind of language that isexpected of him. A good command of English must include a knowledge of all these styles.Translation:1.英语有很多文体，我们必须掌握各种文体，并在不同场合使用不同的文体。
给水排水专业英语课件(李田)13
给水处理污泥工艺的选择
1
Historically, settled coagulation wastes and backwash waters had been disposed of without treatment. 过去，沉淀的混凝废弃物与反冲水是不经处理而直接排放的。 The practice was justified on the basis that the returned material had originally been present in the river or lake. 基于这些返回的物质是河流与湖泊中原本就有的，这种做法 曾经被认为正确的。
Emphasis is placed on preventing magnesium hydroxide precipitation, since it inhibits dewaterability and processing for recovery of lime. 应当强调的是，由于氢氧化镁抑制脱水性能和 回收石灰的处理，要防止形成氢氧化镁沉淀。
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Table 2-2 Treatment and Disposing of Water Treatment Sludges Storage prior to processing Sedimentation basins Separate holding tanks F1occulator-c1arifier basins Thickening prior to dewatering Gravity settling Chemical conditioning prior to dewatering Polymer application Lime addition to alum sludges
车辆工程-汽车专业英语课件-汽车基础知识部分---Chapter-3-Power-Train--3
['flaiwi:l] [spriŋ] ['ɔpəreit] ['mekənizəm] [trænz'mi∫ən] [tɔ:k]
n.飞轮 n.弹簧 vt.操作，控制，使运行 n.（机械）结构，机械装置 n.变速器 n.扭转力；转矩
压盘
Chapter 3 Power Train 3.1 Clutches
摩擦式限滑差速器
Chapter 3 Power Train 3.2 Manuel Transmission
3.2.1 Text
1.Transmission Gear Ratios
The modern manual transmission can provide the driver with up to six forward gear ratios. The reduction gears provide gear ratios of approximately 3.5:1 (stated as 3.5 to 1) for the lowest gear, to about 1.5:1 for the highest. The direct drive gear has a 1:1 gear ratio. The overdrive gears have a gear ratio of about 0.7:1.
[ə'prɔksimə tli]
adv.近似地，大约；许
bearing
['bɛəriŋ] n.[机]轴承，支座
mesh
[me∫]
vi.（机器零件）啮合
transaxle
[ֽtræ ns'æ k sl]
n.变速驱动桥
建筑专业英语课件Unit7
影响一个结构选择混凝土的因素
The choice of whether a structure should be built of concrete, steel, masonry, or timber（木 材）depends on the availability（可得性）of materials and on a number of（许多）value decisions（价值判断）.
混凝土受压强、受拉弱。因此，每当受 荷、收缩受阻或温度变化引起的拉应力超过 混凝土的抗拉强度时，便会发生开裂。在素 混凝土梁中，因外力引起的力矩由内部的拉 -压形成的力偶来抵抗，此力偶中包含了混 凝土的拉力。当第一条裂缝形成时，此梁会 突然、完全地失效。在钢筋混凝土梁中，钢 筋埋置在混凝土内的方式应能使混凝土开裂 后在钢筋中产生平衡力矩所需的拉力。
costs. Any measures designer can take to standardize the design and forming（加工）will generally pay off（使人 得益）in reduced overall costs.
建筑专业英语课件Unit7
经济性 最重要的考虑常常是该结构的总
建筑专业英语课件Unit7
The construction（施工）of a reinforced concrete member involves building a form or mold（模具）in the shape of the member being built. The form must be strong enough to support the weight and hydrostatic pressure（静水压力）of the wet concrete, and any forces applied to it by workers, concrete buggies（料 车）, wind, and so on. The reinforcement（钢筋）is placed in this form and held in place（固定就位） during the concreting（用混凝土浇筑）operation. After the concrete has hardened, the forms are removed（拆除）.
《专业英语》课件(1)-Electrical_Network
charge increment； time increment 电荷增量；时间增量 in proportion to； proportional control 与…成比例；比例控制 resistance；inductance；capacitance 电阻；电感；电容 proportionality constant 比例常数
Translation Technique
有关专业英语的 翻译、词汇和理解
翻译大师林语堂说：翻译的艺术所 依赖的，第一是译者对于原文文字及内 容上透彻的了解；第二是译者有相当的 国文程度，能写清顺畅通的中文；第三 是译事上的训练，译者对于翻译标准及 技术问题有正当的见解。此三者之外， 绝对没有什么纪律可为译者的规范，像 英文文法之于英文作文。
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Basics
P1U1 Electrical Networks
Dictation-1(5 minutes)
From Chinese to English
From English to Chinese
闭环控制 反馈元件 过电压 带宽 总线
electricity: (n.)noun form 电 electrician: (n.) expert in setting up, repairing and operating electrical apparatus 电气技师，电气技术员 electron: (n.) subatomic particle of matter 电子, having a negative electric charge
Questions
What elements does an electrical
英语专业介绍 PPT课件
外国语学院的毕业生以其扎实的外语基础、较强的综 合应用能力及敬业精神深受用人单位的欢迎。很多用 人单位与我院签订了用人合作协议，毕业生的实际就 业率连年居学校首位。就业主要分布在江苏、福建、 广东、深圳及山东等沿海地区的外资企业、事业、学 校等单位。
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9
毕业生就业前景良好，就业范围广泛。 主要就要去想为国家机关外交外事部门、 外经贸部门、新闻出版单位、高校等。 还有想当一部分学生选择继续学习深造， 深造方向包括英语语言文学专业的硕士 研究生，以及相关专业硕士研究生，如 国际经济、法律、新闻、历史、中文等 专业。
言学习理论和教育学、心理学。 4.课程研究 善于发现和掌握教育教学规律，善于反思性总
结，增加创新能力。 5.具备英语教学技术能力 重新设计课程，制作课件，开发教学技能，使16
用网络资源和远程教育手段等
外企翻译员
发展方向：
第一方面是考英语专业 或者跨专业考研
另一方面，考国外大学 的研究生，预备在国外 读研究生初步定为国外 留学的目标是欧洲或者 澳大利亚
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外企英语翻译员必须具备的素质
Ⅰ．基本技能 ：一个英文翻译员最基本的还是能牢固的把
方面的良好的技巧训练，掌握一定的科研方法，
具有从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的业务
水平及较好的素质和较强能力
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知识技能~
1．了解我国有关的方针、政策、法规； 2．掌握语言学、文学及相关人文和科技方面的
基础知识； 3．具有扎实的英语语言基础和较熟练的听、说、
读、写、译的能力； 4．了解我国国情和英语国家的社会和文化； 5．具有第二外国语的一定的实际应用能力； 6．掌握文献检索、资料查询的基本方法，具有
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主要就业方向
计算机专业英语第4版课件 (1)[100页]
![计算机专业英语第4版课件 (1)[100页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5a0c14e5fd0a79563d1e722b.png)
2020/10/18
计算机专业英语第4版
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Key Words
methodology multiplication negation negative-logic represent ripple significance spike
方法学，方法论 倍增，乘法运算 否定，拒绝 负逻辑 表示，代表
脉动，波动 重要性，意义 尖峰信号
• 译文：组合电路通过传输二进制信息，使 得给定的输入数据产生了所需要的输出数 据。
2020/10/18
计算机专业英语第4版
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Notes
[2] A combinational circuit can also be specified with m Boolean functions, one for each output variable.
• 第3单元是多媒体知识，内容有计算机图形学、多媒体技 术、计算机动画、多媒体软件、虚拟现实和CAD。
• 第4单元是计算机网络相关知识，包括计算机网络、无线 网、互联网应用、搜索引擎、计算机安全、远程教育、电 子商务和电子市场。
2020/10/18
计算机专业英语第4版
2
Unit 1 Hardware Knowledge
• 说明：本句的“If the more positive voltage…”是条件状语。“the system is said to…”用被动语态表示客观叙述。
计算机专业英语第4版
3
1.1 Hardware Basics
1.1.1 Text A
• A combinational circuit is a connected arrangement of logic gates with a set of inputs and outputs.
生物专业英语PPT课件
• 体外培养法
• 培养基： 多采用RPMll640培养液，添加10％～20％胎牛或小牛血清。
• 特点：
由于培养液中含有血清成分，总蛋白量可达100mg／m1以上，给 纯化带来困难。加入小牛血清又是发生支原体污染的原因，而且批间 质量差异太大，直接影响杂交瘤细胞生长。所以，近年来发展起来的 无血清培养法，就是利用白蛋白、胰岛素、转铁蛋白、乙醇胺等混合 物来代替小牛血清。虽然该法可减少污染又有利于单克隆抗体的纯化， 但产量不高。
CellEngin7
（七）抗体检测
免疫荧光试验 放射免疫试验(RIA) 联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)
CellEngin7
ELISA用于破伤风抗体的筛选
ELISA
（八）单克隆抗体的大量制备
体内法 培养法
动物体内诱生法
• 优缺点 1. 比较经济， 2. 产物量多效价高， 3. 还可有效地保存杂交瘤细胞株和分离已经污染杂菌的杂交
- 2700 copies/virion
- monovalent display - multivalent display
- large proteins
- small peptides
- N-terminal display
- N-terminal display
瘤细胞株， 4. 缺点是小鼠腹水中混有来自小鼠的多种杂蛋白，纯化难。
要点： 选用BALB／c小鼠（ 因为杂交瘤细胞的两种亲本细胞都来自BALB／c小鼠）
破坏小鼠腹腔内膜（注入细胞的几周前，预先将具有刺激性的有机溶剂 降植烷(pristane)注入腹腔内，建立杂交瘤细胞易于增殖的环境使杂交 瘤细胞在腹腔内增殖良好）
专业英语(土力学,基础工程)
I. Soil Mechanics土力学Soil Particle土壤颗粒, Void孔隙, Void Ratio孔隙率, Porosity多孔性Phase Diagram Water Content含水量, Degree of Saturation饱和度Total Density总体密度, Dry Density干密度, Buoyant/Submerged Density浮密度, Saturated Density饱和密度Aeolian风积, Alluvial冲积, Colluvial Soil重积土; Collapsible Loess湿陷性黄土Coarse粗糙的, Coarse Grained (Sand, Gravel) Soil Texture土壤结构, Grain Size晶粒大小, Particle Size粒度Fine细小的, Fine-textured (Silt, Clay)Cohesionless无粘性, Sandy Soil砂土, Cohesive黏性的, Clayey Soil粘性土,Soil Classification Sand, Gravel砾石 (Coarse, Medium, Fine; Loose松的, Medium, Dense密的)Silt淤泥, Clay粘土 (Hard, Stiff, Medium, Soft), Organic Soil有机的, Peat泥炭, Mud泥浆Silty Sand粉土, Sandy Clay砂质粘土, Clayey Sand, Clayed SiltSieve Analysis筛分, Well-graded级配良好, Poorly-Graded / Uniform 粒度级配Grain Size Distribution, Gradation, GradingHydrometer Analysis比重计分析Immediate Settlement瞬时沉降Settlement Components Consolidation 固结(Normally Consolidated正常固结, OCR, Pore Pressure Dissipation孔压消散,Drainage Path排水路径)Secondary Compression/Consolidation二次压缩, Creeping蠕变Cohesion凝聚力, Friction Angle摩擦角, Constitutive Behavior本构形状Shear Strength of Soil Total Stress总应力, Effective Stress有效应力,Pore Pressure 孔隙压力(Hydrostatic/Excess/Negative Pore Pressure, Capillarity毛细现象)Stress Path (TSP, ESP)应力路径, Major/Minor Principal Stress, Mohr Circle莫尔圆Shear Dilation剪胀, Shear Compression, Critical Void Ratio; Liquefaction液化Quick Sand流砂, Seismic Loading地震荷载Lateral Earth Pressure侧向土压力: Rankine郎肯, Coulomb库伦, Active主动, Passive被动, K0 Condition, K0 Consolidation, Anisotropic/Isotropic Consolidation不等向固结, Homogenous, Retaining Wall挡土墙, Geosynthetics (Geotextile, Geomembrane, Geogrid土工格栅)Common Geotechnical Laboratory Tests: Atterberg Limits界限含水量 (Plastic Limit塑限, Liquid Limit液限), Standard/Modified Proctor Test击实实验, Hydraulic Conductivity Test渗透系数测试, Oedometer/Consolidometer固结仪/Consolidation Test, Unconfined Compression Test, Direct Shear Test直剪试验, Triaxial Test三轴压缩试验 (Unconsolidated-Undrained, UU, CU, CD) II. Foundation Engineering基础工程Shallow Foundation浅基础, Spread Foundation扩大基础: Independent, Strip/Continuous,Raft/Mat, BoxClassification of Foundation Skin Friction表面摩擦Deep Foundation/Pile Foundation深'桩: Driven Pile, Drilled Shaft钻孔桩井End-bearing端承Driven Pile贯入桩: Handling/Driven/Service Load, Pile Cap承台, Cushion, Splice, Pneumatic/Hydraulic/Vibratory Hammer气'液压'震动Drilled Shaft竖井: Drilling Rig钻机, Slurry泥浆, Drilling Fluid, Negative Skin Friction/Downdrag负摩阻力, Necking柱颈, BulgingSpecial Piles: Underreamed/Lateral/Batter/Uplift/Composite Piles抗拔桩'侧向桩'斜桩'上举桩'复合桩, Caisson pile灌注桩Exploratory Boring/Drilling钻探, Sampling (for Laboratory Testing)取样Site/Geotechnical Investigation Field Reconnaissance实地勘察, Site/Land Survey土地测量岩土勘察 In-Situ Test (i.e. Standard Penetration Test, SPT, Cone Penetration Test, CPT)Geophysical Exploration地球物理勘探Substructure基础, Superstructure上层建筑, Subgrade/Subsurface/Subsoil路基'地下的'天然地基下层土, (Allowable) Bearing Capacity承载能力, Bearing Pressure, Differential Settlement不均匀沉降, Subgrade Reaction地基反力, Soil-Structure Interaction, Analytical/Empirical Solution, Correlation Coefficient/Factor, Excavation, Backfill回填, Dewatering。
化学化工专业英语(全套课件374P)
做定语从句的主语。）
4. 复杂长句多
科技文章要求叙述准确，推理严谨。为表 达清楚，科技英语句子较长，需认真分析 方能明确句子中各成分的关系，译成汉语 时必须按照汉语习惯破译成若干个简单句。
科技英语是一种用英语阐述科学技术 中的理论、技术、实验和现象等的英 语语言体系，它在词汇、语法和文体 诸多方面都有自己的特点，因而自成 一门专门的学科。
1.2 科技英语的产生与发展
科技英语（English for Science and Technology,简称EST），诞生于20世纪50 年代，是第二次世界大战后科学技术迅猛 发展的产物。70年代以来，科技英语在国 际上引起了广泛的注意和研究。目前已经 发展成为一种重要的英语文体。
化学化工专业英语
English for science and technology on chemistry and chemical engineering
关于考试
期末考试约占70%（方式待定）； 平时成绩约占20%； 考勤约占10%。
第一部分 科技英语翻译方法
第一章 概 论
1.1 科技英语的概念
科技英语泛指一切论及或谈及科学技术 的书面语及口语，其中包括：
科技著作、科技论文及报告、实验报告及方 案；
各类科技情报及文字资料； 科技实用手册的结构描述和操作规程； 有关科技问题的会谈、会议； 有关科技的影片、录像及光盘等有声资料的
解说词等。
科技英语要求其客观性、准确性及严密 性，注意叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰、 畅达，避免行文晦涩。科技英语力求平易和 精确，避免使用旨在加强语言感染力和宣传 效果的各种修饰词，以免使读者产生行文浮 华，内容虚饰之感。
专业英语电子版教材
注意事项 (2)专业英语课程简介 ................................................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement (2)1.1. Classification of Matter (3)1.2. Properties of Matter (3)1.3 Atoms, Molecules and Compounds (4)1.4. Numbers in Physical Quantities (5)1.5 Units of Measurement (8)1.6 The Dimensional Method (11)Word and sentence: (12)Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (13)2.1 Chemical Language (13)2.2 Nomenclature of Elements (14)2.3 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds (21)Chapter 3 Inorganic Chemistry (28)3.1 The Atomic Nature of Matter (28)3.2 Electronic Structure of Atoms (30)3.3 Periodicity of Atomic Properties (33)3.5 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories......................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
3.6 Chemical Reactions................................................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
生物工程专业英语课件-1-科技英语基础知识及词汇-推荐下载
Teaching Contents (One)
English for Science and Technology （EST）
The features of EST The vocabulary of EST The translation of EST The writing of EST
Teaching Contents (Two)
Specialized English in Biotechnology
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8CFra bibliotekapter 9
对生物工程的有关材料进行阅读，掌握一定量的专业词汇，提高大
家阅读专业英语文献的能力。
Illustration
指定教材： 邬行彦，《生物工程/生物技术专业英语》，化学工业出版社
参考教材： 任胜利，《英语科技论文撰写与投稿》，科学出版社 宋天锡、任英，《英语应用文写作》，中国书籍出版社 秦荻辉，《实用科技英语写作技巧》，上海外语教育出版社 范武邱，《实用科技英语翻译讲评》，外文出版社
5
English for Science and Technology
（EST）
7
One The features of EST
第一部分 科技英语的特点
1.1、 体会、比较不同的英文文体 1.2、 科技英语的特点 1.3、 科技英语的常用句式
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对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术通关，1系电过，力管根保线据护敷生高设产中技工资术艺料0不高试仅中卷可资配以料置解试技决卷术吊要是顶求指层，机配对组置电在不气进规设行范备继高进电中行保资空护料载高试与中卷带资问负料题荷试2下卷2，高总而中体且资配可料置保试时障卷，各调需类控要管试在路验最习；大题对限到设度位备内。进来在行确管调保路整机敷使组设其高过在中程正资1常料中工试，况卷要下安加与全强过，看度并22工且22作尽22下可22都能22可地护以缩1关正小于常故管工障路作高高；中中对资资于料料继试试电卷卷保破连护坏接进范管行围口整，处核或理对者高定对中值某资，些料审异试核常卷与高弯校中扁对资度图料固纸试定，卷盒编工位写况置复进.杂行保设自护备动层与处防装理腐置，跨高尤接中其地资要线料避弯试免曲卷错半调误径试高标方中高案资等，料，编试要5写、卷求重电保技要气护术设设装交备备置底4高调、动。中试电作管资高气，线料中课并敷3试资件且、设卷料中拒管技试试调绝路术验卷试动敷中方技作设包案术，技含以来术线及避槽系免、统不管启必架动要等方高多案中项；资方对料式整试，套卷为启突解动然决过停高程机中中。语高因文中此电资，气料电课试力件卷高中电中管气资壁设料薄备试、进卷接行保口调护不试装严工置等作调问并试题且技，进术合行，理过要利关求用运电管行力线高保敷中护设资装技料置术试做。卷到线技准缆术确敷指灵设导活原。。则对对：于于在调差分试动线过保盒程护处中装，高置当中高不资中同料资电试料压卷试回技卷路术调交问试叉题技时，术，作是应为指采调发用试电金人机属员一隔，变板需压进要器行在组隔事在开前发处掌生理握内；图部同纸故一资障线料时槽、，内设需，备要强制进电造行回厂外路家部须出电同具源时高高切中中断资资习料料题试试电卷卷源试切，验除线报从缆告而敷与采设相用完关高毕技中，术资要资料进料试行，卷检并主查且要和了保检解护测现装处场置理设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
工程管理专业英语-PPT课件
information its
of
interest
to
component
national
The activities of FIDIC
• Seminar: A meeting for an exchange of ideas • conference : a formal meeting of people with a shared interest • Training courses : the action of teaching • Bookshop:a shop where books are sold
2.Procedure of bid and tender
3.国际工程合同条 件
目前国际工程项目常用的合同条件主要有： • 国际咨询工程师联合会（FIDIC）编制的系列合同 条件； • 英国土木工程师学会编制的ICE合同，NEC合同； • 美国建筑师学会的AIA系列合同条件； • 英国皇家建筑师学会的JCT合同及亚洲地区使用的 各种合同条件。
FIDIC IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR INERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS。 其合同条款齐全，内容完整、词语严谨，可操作 性强，适用范围广，是世界各国参与国际市场竞争 共同遵守的交易规则。 合同公正、合理、科学地确立了合同双方的责权 利关系，有利于合同双方公平高效地履行合同，有 利于提高工程的整体效益。
ership today numbers 75 Member Associations representing some 1 million professionals. CHINA joined FIDIC in 2019,10
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（3）名词化的修辞特点
一、简洁 二、客观 三、严密
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一、简洁
名词化结构是以短语的形式来表达相当于一个句子所要表达的 内容，结构紧凑，表达简洁。例如： The rocket has been developed．For this reason，man can enter space． 以上两句可用名词化结构分别表达为 the development of the rocket for man to enter space 若再把这两个名词化结构按句法要求组织起来，则是： The development of the rocket makes it possible for man to enter space.
点、标点、地点、尖端、时刻、程度、要点、细目、意义、目的、
用途、切点(数)、穴位(医)、短促音调(音)等。介词“of”在牛津大辞
典上有64个词义。
4
2. 在语法方面
英语是形态发达的语言。它可以用词形变化来 表示名词的数、格、动词的时态、语态等各种语法 概念，如可数名词加“s”或“es”构成名词复数，又 如“助动词be+现在分词”构成动词的现在进行时 等等。
3
1. 在词汇方面
英语的词汇量很大。从英语千百年的发展来看，它吸收了大量
其他语言中的词汇，主要是法语、拉丁语和希腊语。同一个词，由
于词的来源不同，加上英语本身也有同义词，往往有几种说法。因 此，同义词或近义词就很多。如“装置”一词就有
device, unit, plant, element, tool, instrument, equipment等不同说法。
第一章 专业英语基础
1.1 绪论 1.2 专业英语的基本特点 1.3 专业英语常用词缀和词根 1.4 专业英语中的常用符号和数学式的表达
1
1.2 专业英语的基本特点
文章的体裁:文学文体、政论文体、应用文体和科技文体四大类。
1.2.1 英语的特点 1.2.2 科技英语
2
1.2.1英语的特点
1. 在词汇方面 2. 在语法方面 3.在句法方面
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三、动名词(gerund)
动名词的动词性较强。当强调动作过程，概括地述说一 般行为，而非特定行为，因而时间性不强，即可用动名词。 例如上面的例句又可改为：。 Recovering distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit．
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四、不定式(infinitive)
•B．缩写(acronym)
将某些词组和单词集合中每个实意单词的第一或者首部几个字母重
新组合，组成为一个新的词汇，作为专用词汇使用。在应用中它形成三 种类型，即：
a．通常以小写字母出现，并作为常规单词
radar(radio detecting and ranging无线电探测与定位)雷达
1aser(1ight amplification by stimulated emission of radiation受激发射光放大 器)激光
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(3)混成词(blending)
混成词也叫缩合词(与缩略词区别)、融会词，它们多是名 词，也有作为动词的。这类词汇将两个单词的前部拼接、前后 拼接或者将一个单词前部与另一词拼接构成新的词汇。例如：
smog, (smoke+fog)
烟雾，
codec, (coder+decoder)
编码译码器，
compuser, (computer+user) 计算机用户，
b．以大写字母出现，具有主体发音音节
BASIC(Beginner’s All-purpose Symbo1ic Instruction Code)初学者通用符号 指令代码。
16
COBOL(Common Business Oriented Language)面向商务的通用语言， TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)作为外语的英语考试。
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(4)缩略词(shortening)
缩略词是将较长的英语单词取其首部或者主干构成与原词同 义的短单词，或者将组成词汇短语的各个单词的首字母拼接为一 个大写字母的字符串。随着科技发展，缩略词在文章索引、前序、 摘要、文摘、电报、说明书、商标等科技文章中频繁采用。缩略 词的出现方便了印刷、书写、速记和口语交流等，但它同时也增 加了阅读和理解的困难。缩略词开始出现时，通常采用破折号、 引号或者括号将它们的原形单词和组合词一并列出，逐渐地它们 被人们接受，作为注释性的后者也就消失了。在通常情况下，缩 略词多取自各个组合字(虚词除外)的首部第一、二字母。缩略词 可分为如下几种：
syscall, (system+call)
系统调用，
cyborg, (cybernetic+organism) 生物体系统，控制论生物体， 生控体系统，电子人 。
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此外，还有一些词汇是人为生造的、人为合成的，在特 定的场合起到特定的含义。这些词汇多出现在专业广告、宣 传品、会议、海报等文体中。如美国布尔(BULL HN)公司曾 打出过一个口号： “Globull．Knowledgeabull．Expandabull．Reliabull．”
英语常用词的搭配能力很强，以make为例，如：
make metals
熔炼金属，make a hole 打洞，
make readings 测取读数，make a circuit 接通电路，
make one ton
等于一吨，
make a step forward 前进一步……等等。
英语的一词多义也非常突出，如point就有20多个词义：
c．以大写字母出现，没有读音音节，仅为字母缩写 DBMS(DataBase Management System)数据库管理系统， FDD(Floppy Disk Device)软盘驱动器
17
2) 名词化倾向
(1) 名词化的概念 (2) 名词化的分类 (3) 名词化的修辞特点
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(1) 名词化的概念
再看下面的复合词： man-carrying aircraft 载人飞船， earth-moving machine 推土机， time-consuming operation 耗时的操作， ocean-going freighter 远洋货船。
这四个例子中的复合词是“名词十动词ing”构成的复合形容词。 没有连字符的复合词，这些词一般都已是专用词汇了。如： videotape 录像带，online 在线，onboard 在板，login 登录，logout 撤消
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一、 动作名词(action noun)
如，an examination of the object with an ordinary microscope 动作名词的名词性最强，动作性最弱。如果一般地述说一个事 实或概念，指出动作和技术的特点，而不强调动作本身的进行和时 间，则用动作名词。例如： Recovery(回收, 萃取) of distillates is also performed in the vacuum
面向对象的，
market-oriented
市场导向，
process-oriented
面向进程的，
thread-oriented
面向线程的
其他加连字符的复合词：
point-to-point
点到点，
plug-and-play
即插即用，
easy-to-use
易用的，
pull-down
下拉，
pop-up
弹出，
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3.在句法方面
英语单句的主要成分往往排列紧凑，而把修饰成分置 于句子的前后，一个主句常常可带许多从句，但由于关联 词、介词等的纽带作用，使长句分析起来条理清楚。
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1.2.2科技英语
科技英语在词汇、语法和修辞三个方面各有特点。
1.科技（专业）词汇 2.科技英语的语法 3.科技英语的修辞手段
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1.科技（专业）词汇
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(2)复合词(compounding)
复合词是科技英语中的另一大复合动词等。复合词通常以小横杠“-”连接单词构成，或者采用短
语构成。但有的复合词进一步发展，则去掉连字符形成一个单一的词。例 如以词缀构成的复合词：
“-oriented”面向……的：
object-oriented
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(2) 名词化的分类
名词化的词主要是指表示动作或状态的抽象名词，或起名词作用的非谓语 动词，它们一般由动词派生，但也包括由形容词加后缀-ability，-ity，-ness等 构成的名词，例如 possible - possibility，clean - cleanness等。
一、动作名词(action noun) 二、动词性名词(verbal noun) 三、动名词(gerund) 四、不定式(infinitive)
– A．压缩和省略 – B．缩写(acronym)
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•A．压缩和省略
将某些太长、难拼难记、使用频繁的单词压缩成一个短小的单词， 或取其头部、或取其关键音节。如：
flu＝influenza
流感
1ab＝laboratory
实验室
math＝mathematics
数学
iff＝if only if
当且仅当
1) 科技词汇的构成 2) 名词化倾向
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1) 科技词汇的构成
(1) 派生词(derivation) (2)复合词(compounding) (3)混成词(blending) (4)缩略词(shortening)