定语从句用法归纳

定语从句用法归纳

定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

1.what不能引导定语从句.

2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

the old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

miss wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to beijing .

the man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.

（=the man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）

注：

•指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

1．先行词为one、ones或anyone

（1）the comrade i want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

（2）anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

2．先行词为these时

these who are going to beijing are the best students of our school.

3．在there be 开头的句子中

there is a student who wants to see you.

4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

the student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

5．在非限制性定语从句中

i met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from japan.

b．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

1.i like the books which / that were written by lu xun.

2.the desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

3.this is the house in which we lived last year.

(= this is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

4.i live in the room whose windows face south.

(= i live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

注：

a. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.

(1). the girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

(2). the book in which there are many interesting things was written by li ming.

b. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词后。

is this the book which she is looking for?

the old man who/whom they are waiting for is professor li.

the child who/whom she is looking after is wang ping’s son.

c．指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

（1）先行词为不定代词，如all、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the

one等。

1.在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

2.在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，

“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导

的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as 许多时候不能代替which，如句2。再如：

1．he was late again, as / which we had expected.=as we had expected, he was late again.

正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

1.the street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty.

街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）

3．the young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful.

那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不用as）

4．he takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.

他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）

5．as has already been pointed out, english is rather difficult for a foreigner.

正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。

在such…as…、the same…as…、as…、as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：1.such books as this are too difficult for beginners.

这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

=books such as this are …

=books like this are …

2.i live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

3.he knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

4.that day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。