如何确定英语语篇模式.ppt
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• 用于说明比较项共同点的语篇指示词有and, also, besides, too, next, or, moreover, in addition, further, as well as, likewise, just as, similarly, equally, in the same way, the same as等;
几种思维模式的图式
• Example & illustration
• Generalization • Example 1 • Example 2 • Example 3
• Narration • A story about X • event 1 • event 2 • event 3
•
Cause & Effect
passage? • 3. What is most likely to be discussed in the
paragraph that follows? • 4. How does the passage develop? • 5. The author develops the passage mainly by
Situation (optional)
Most people like to take a camera with them whenAstpheectyoftrsaituvaetiloan brerqouairidn.g Ba uretspaollnsaeir(pi.eo.rPtsrobnleomw)adays
这一模式在宣传材料、自然科学、社会科学的论说文 Gene中ra,l s在tat文em学en作t 品、百科全书中很常G见e。neral statement
Situation
主张—反应模式也叫做主张—反 主张模式(claim—
response/counterclaim pattern)。
源自文库
I have in my possession a copy of a其p宏re观s结s 构re包le括as“e情fr景om”,“主
• 用于说明不同点的指示词有:but, however, yet, nevertheless, on the one (other) hand, contrary, in contrast, rather, although, while, different from, oppositely等。
• 3)问题回答型,也称问题解决型。这 里的问题可以是直接提问的问题,也 可以是某种情况下发生的问题。回答 可以是对所提问题的应答,也可以是 对存在问题的解决办法。
have X-ray security screening and X rays
can damage film. OnReesspoonlsuetion to this problem is to purchase a specially designed lead-lined pouch.
These are cheap and can protect film from
• Linguistic communication always appears in textual form.
英语语篇的模式
• 英语中有多种语篇模式,常见的模 式是:
• 问题—解决 • 一般—特殊 • 主张—反应 • 提问—回答
问题—解决模式的宏观结构一般由情景(situation)、问题(problem)、 反应(response)、评价(evaluation)或结果(result)四部分组成。
在解答此类题目之前,有必要对全篇或被考查的 段落进行通读以了解其大意。在高考阅读题中,这 是一种较为新颖的考查方式,已经成为一种独立的 题型。
篇章结构题主要的设题方式有:
• 1. The passage is organized in order of________. • 2.Which of the following shows the structure of the
提问—回答模式一般是在语篇的开头提出一个问题,然后语篇的展开主 要是寻求对所提问题的令人满意的回答。其宏观结构是情景、提问、回 答与肯定或否定评价。情景可有可无,若对回答是否定评价,则预示着 模式的循环,直到令人满意的回答。
(Situation)
与问题—解决模式不同的地方在于:提问--回答模式通常在 语篇开头有显性的带有疑问号的Qu疑es问tio句n ;二是这种模式的动 机是寻求一个令人满意的回答;三是提问—回答模式是匹配 --比较型,而不是序列型,模式主要是通过重复法获得信号 标志,提问与回答之间没有逻辑顺序关系。 提问—回答模式经常出现在演说A、nsw政e论r 、说教、报道等语篇中。
这一Re模as式on的f词or汇de标ni志al 包括:提出主张的词汇有:assertion, assumption, Belief, claim, conclusion, expect, guess, illustration, speculation, Suggestion, theory, think等;在反应部分,标志词汇有:affirm, agree, ConfiCrmor,rceocnticounr, evidence, fRaceta, skonnowfo,rrecoarl;reccotniotrnadict, challenge, Correct, deny, dismiss, disagree, mistake, object to, not true等。
如何确定英语 语篇模式?
什么是语篇呢?
• “它可以是一个词……它可以是一个词组或短 语……它可以是一个小句……它可以是一幅对联、 一首小诗、一篇散文、一则日记、一部小说(三部 曲或其中的章节)……;它也可以是一句口号、一 支歌曲、一次对话、一场口角、一次长达两三个小 时的讲演……”
• Roughly speaking, it refers to attempts to study the organization of language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore to study larger linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts.
Sir Aaron KlCulgai,mthe president of the张R”o,y“a反l 应So”c三ie部ty分da。ted
April 1996—a month after it was officially admitted that BSE
was probably the cause of the new variant CJD. In it he stated that “theResahseonepforfrcolamim the disease, called ScArfafirpmie, is known not
________.
• 6. The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.
• 7. The example of…is given to show/illustrate that________.
篇章结构题主要的解题策略有:
• 这种题型可分为三种: 1. 考查对文章整体结构的把握; 2. 考查根据现有文章预测后文内容的能力; 3. 考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴
一般—特殊模式又可称作概括—具体模式,其宏观结构由三个成分组成: 概括陈述、具体陈述和总结陈述。其表现形式有两种:先概括再举例; 先整体后细节。
Knowledge often results only after persistent investigation. AlberGt eEninesratel sinta,taefmteernat lengthy examinationGoefntehrealcshtaatreamcetenrtistics of matter and energy, formulated his famous Theory of Relativity, which now acts as a basis for further research in nuclear physics. UsinSgppelcaifsictesrtactaemstesnot f1footprints, fingerprintSsp, eacnifdicssttraatyemsteannt ds of hair, a detective pertinaciously pursues the criminal. After years of work, Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra 0f some 350,000 stars. Investigations into the causes of polio havSeppercoifvicidsetadteumsewnitth2 the means for preveEnvteionnmaonred scpuerceifoicf this dreaded disease only after many years of research. As students, we too are determined in our investigation to find, retain, and contSripbeucteifictosttahtemsetonrte3of human knowledgeE.ven more specific
to infect humans.” we know no such thing. What we know is
tDheantiawl oer ndeogantiovet ekvnaoluwatiownhoef cthlaeimr Scrapie can infect humans and cause CJD, a very different matter. Reason for affirm
PositiveaEllvabluuattitohne strongesPtoXsitirvaeyress.ult
Positive Result/ evaluation combined in a single statement
问题—解决模式是英语中极为常见的语篇模式,经常用于 说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、 Basis (小op说tion等al文) 学作品中。Evaluaptioosnit(ivoeptional)
• 其语篇图式特征为:
• Question→ answer/ problem →solution;
• 4)原因结果型:
• 其常用语篇指示词有:as a result, consequently, thus, because, according to, therefore, since, for, so, hence等。
• Effect
• Contributing cause 1
• Contributing cause 2
• Contributing cause 3
Cause effect 1 effect 2 effect 3
篇章结构题的考查对象是整个篇章或其中的某个 段落。考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描 述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论 述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总 结的能力。
Rejection
Positive evaluation
• Hartwell &Bentley(1982)认为 英语的语篇模式有四种:
• 1)列举型:常用于说明做事的顺 序、步骤,也常见于历史读物。常 用的语篇指示词有first, second, last, before等;
• 2)对比型:通常以两个比较项为一组进行 比较,以说明相关思想的同与不同。
几种思维模式的图式
• Example & illustration
• Generalization • Example 1 • Example 2 • Example 3
• Narration • A story about X • event 1 • event 2 • event 3
•
Cause & Effect
passage? • 3. What is most likely to be discussed in the
paragraph that follows? • 4. How does the passage develop? • 5. The author develops the passage mainly by
Situation (optional)
Most people like to take a camera with them whenAstpheectyoftrsaituvaetiloan brerqouairidn.g Ba uretspaollnsaeir(pi.eo.rPtsrobnleomw)adays
这一模式在宣传材料、自然科学、社会科学的论说文 Gene中ra,l s在tat文em学en作t 品、百科全书中很常G见e。neral statement
Situation
主张—反应模式也叫做主张—反 主张模式(claim—
response/counterclaim pattern)。
源自文库
I have in my possession a copy of a其p宏re观s结s 构re包le括as“e情fr景om”,“主
• 用于说明不同点的指示词有:but, however, yet, nevertheless, on the one (other) hand, contrary, in contrast, rather, although, while, different from, oppositely等。
• 3)问题回答型,也称问题解决型。这 里的问题可以是直接提问的问题,也 可以是某种情况下发生的问题。回答 可以是对所提问题的应答,也可以是 对存在问题的解决办法。
have X-ray security screening and X rays
can damage film. OnReesspoonlsuetion to this problem is to purchase a specially designed lead-lined pouch.
These are cheap and can protect film from
• Linguistic communication always appears in textual form.
英语语篇的模式
• 英语中有多种语篇模式,常见的模 式是:
• 问题—解决 • 一般—特殊 • 主张—反应 • 提问—回答
问题—解决模式的宏观结构一般由情景(situation)、问题(problem)、 反应(response)、评价(evaluation)或结果(result)四部分组成。
在解答此类题目之前,有必要对全篇或被考查的 段落进行通读以了解其大意。在高考阅读题中,这 是一种较为新颖的考查方式,已经成为一种独立的 题型。
篇章结构题主要的设题方式有:
• 1. The passage is organized in order of________. • 2.Which of the following shows the structure of the
提问—回答模式一般是在语篇的开头提出一个问题,然后语篇的展开主 要是寻求对所提问题的令人满意的回答。其宏观结构是情景、提问、回 答与肯定或否定评价。情景可有可无,若对回答是否定评价,则预示着 模式的循环,直到令人满意的回答。
(Situation)
与问题—解决模式不同的地方在于:提问--回答模式通常在 语篇开头有显性的带有疑问号的Qu疑es问tio句n ;二是这种模式的动 机是寻求一个令人满意的回答;三是提问—回答模式是匹配 --比较型,而不是序列型,模式主要是通过重复法获得信号 标志,提问与回答之间没有逻辑顺序关系。 提问—回答模式经常出现在演说A、nsw政e论r 、说教、报道等语篇中。
这一Re模as式on的f词or汇de标ni志al 包括:提出主张的词汇有:assertion, assumption, Belief, claim, conclusion, expect, guess, illustration, speculation, Suggestion, theory, think等;在反应部分,标志词汇有:affirm, agree, ConfiCrmor,rceocnticounr, evidence, fRaceta, skonnowfo,rrecoarl;reccotniotrnadict, challenge, Correct, deny, dismiss, disagree, mistake, object to, not true等。
如何确定英语 语篇模式?
什么是语篇呢?
• “它可以是一个词……它可以是一个词组或短 语……它可以是一个小句……它可以是一幅对联、 一首小诗、一篇散文、一则日记、一部小说(三部 曲或其中的章节)……;它也可以是一句口号、一 支歌曲、一次对话、一场口角、一次长达两三个小 时的讲演……”
• Roughly speaking, it refers to attempts to study the organization of language above the sentence or above the clause, and therefore to study larger linguistic units, such as conversational exchanges or written texts.
Sir Aaron KlCulgai,mthe president of the张R”o,y“a反l 应So”c三ie部ty分da。ted
April 1996—a month after it was officially admitted that BSE
was probably the cause of the new variant CJD. In it he stated that “theResahseonepforfrcolamim the disease, called ScArfafirpmie, is known not
________.
• 6. The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.
• 7. The example of…is given to show/illustrate that________.
篇章结构题主要的解题策略有:
• 这种题型可分为三种: 1. 考查对文章整体结构的把握; 2. 考查根据现有文章预测后文内容的能力; 3. 考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴
一般—特殊模式又可称作概括—具体模式,其宏观结构由三个成分组成: 概括陈述、具体陈述和总结陈述。其表现形式有两种:先概括再举例; 先整体后细节。
Knowledge often results only after persistent investigation. AlberGt eEninesratel sinta,taefmteernat lengthy examinationGoefntehrealcshtaatreamcetenrtistics of matter and energy, formulated his famous Theory of Relativity, which now acts as a basis for further research in nuclear physics. UsinSgppelcaifsictesrtactaemstesnot f1footprints, fingerprintSsp, eacnifdicssttraatyemsteannt ds of hair, a detective pertinaciously pursues the criminal. After years of work, Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra 0f some 350,000 stars. Investigations into the causes of polio havSeppercoifvicidsetadteumsewnitth2 the means for preveEnvteionnmaonred scpuerceifoicf this dreaded disease only after many years of research. As students, we too are determined in our investigation to find, retain, and contSripbeucteifictosttahtemsetonrte3of human knowledgeE.ven more specific
to infect humans.” we know no such thing. What we know is
tDheantiawl oer ndeogantiovet ekvnaoluwatiownhoef cthlaeimr Scrapie can infect humans and cause CJD, a very different matter. Reason for affirm
PositiveaEllvabluuattitohne strongesPtoXsitirvaeyress.ult
Positive Result/ evaluation combined in a single statement
问题—解决模式是英语中极为常见的语篇模式,经常用于 说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、 Basis (小op说tion等al文) 学作品中。Evaluaptioosnit(ivoeptional)
• 其语篇图式特征为:
• Question→ answer/ problem →solution;
• 4)原因结果型:
• 其常用语篇指示词有:as a result, consequently, thus, because, according to, therefore, since, for, so, hence等。
• Effect
• Contributing cause 1
• Contributing cause 2
• Contributing cause 3
Cause effect 1 effect 2 effect 3
篇章结构题的考查对象是整个篇章或其中的某个 段落。考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描 述事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论 述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总 结的能力。
Rejection
Positive evaluation
• Hartwell &Bentley(1982)认为 英语的语篇模式有四种:
• 1)列举型:常用于说明做事的顺 序、步骤,也常见于历史读物。常 用的语篇指示词有first, second, last, before等;
• 2)对比型:通常以两个比较项为一组进行 比较,以说明相关思想的同与不同。