介词 关系词引导的定语从句

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

【知识点1】

直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom （指人）两种结构。

【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.

【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.

【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.

【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.

【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.

【知识点2】

直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。

【例】The man (who/that/whom) you talk to just now is a famous runner.

【例】The service (which/that) the students complain about a lot should be improved.

【例】He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.

【例】It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.

【例】The chair (which/that) he is sitting on now is made of wood.

【知识点3】

关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。

【例】This is the house where I lived two years ago.

=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

【例】Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

=Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

【例】I don’t know the reason why he said so.

=I don’t know the reason for which he said so.

【知识点4】

有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：

【例】He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.

【例】The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.

【知识点5】

注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。

【例】They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen.

【例】Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.

【知识点6】

不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。

【例】There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.

【例】These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father 【例】She has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.

【例】She has many books, none of which(=of which none) is interesting.

【知识点7】

关系代词whose+名词引导的定语从句可转化为the+名词+of+ which / whom 或of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。

【例】I live in a room whose windows are all broken.

=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.

= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.

【例】This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.

= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.

= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.

【知识点8】

由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。

【例】I have a small room in which I live in.

=I have a small room in which to live.

=I have a small room to live in.

【例】He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.

=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.

=He has a good friend to turn to for help.

【知识点9】

介词后不一定只能接关系代词，可能会接关系副词，主要取决于介词及句子意思。

【例】He used to live in London, from where he came from.

【例】He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.

【知识点10】

如何确定关系代词前的介词：将定语从句还原：构成两个搭配，即从句谓语部分与介词的适当搭配；介词与先行词的正确搭配。

【例】The picture ______which he paid $100 was once owned by a king.

【析】定语从句谓语是pay some money；先行词为the picture；还原句子即：He paid $100 ____ the picture.在本句中填上合适介词；构成短语：pay some money for something。

【例】This is Tom Sawyer, ______ whom his teacher is proud.

【析】还原：His teacher is proud ___ Tom Sawyer.构成短语：be proud of。

【例】Can you think of a situation __in__ which this word can be used?

【例】I’m grateful to him for that advice, __to__ which I owed all my success.

练习题

一、填入“介词＋关系代词（即介词+which/whom）：

1. The ship, ___ _ the Europeans sailed to the American continent, was called the Mayflower.