2016年6月英语六级真题听力原文(一)
2016年6月英语六级第二套真题听力原文（英汉对照）
16年第二套真题听力Conver satio n One对话一W: So Mike, you manage d the innova tionprojec t at CucinT ech.女：迈克，你在Cuci nTech公司负责了一个创新项目。
M: I did indeed.男：是的。
W: Well then, first, congra tulat ions!女：那么，首先，祝贺你！It seemsto have been very succes sful.这个项目看起来很成功。
M: Thanks, yes. I really helped things turn around at CucinT ech.男：谢谢，是的。
我真的帮助C ucinT ech扭转了局面。
W: Was the reviva l in theirfortun es entire ly due to strate gic innova tion?女：CucinT ech命运的逆转是否完全归功于战略创新？M: Yes, yes I thinkit was. CucinT ech was a compan y who were very much follow ing the pack, doingwhat everyo ne else was doing, and gettin g rapidl y left behind.男：是的，我认为是这样的。
CucinT ech以前只是一味地随大流，重复别人的做法，所以很快就落在了其他公司的后面。
I couldsee therewas a lot of talent there, and some greatpotent ial—partic ularl y in theirproduc t develo pment.我看到公司有很多人才并且公司存在巨大的潜力——尤其是公司的产品研发。
2016年6月大学英语六级听力真题及答案：第一套
Section ADirections：In this section.you will hear two long conversations，At the end of each conversation，you will， hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA ，B ，C andD .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.◆1.A.The restructuring of her company.B.The man’s switch to a new career.C.The updating of technology at CucinTech.D.The project the man managed at CucinTech.◆2.A.Talented personnel.B.Effective promotion.C.Strategic innovation.petitive products.◆3.A.Innovate constantly.B.Expand the market.C.Recruit more talents.D.Watch out for his competitors.◆4.A. Possible bankruptcy.B.Unforeseen difficulties.C.Imitation by one’s competitors.D.Conflicts within the company.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.◆5.A.The importance of language proficiency.B.The job of an interpreter.C.The stress felt by professionals.D.The best Way to effective communication.◆6.A. Admirable.B.Promising.C.Meaningful.D.Rewarding.◆7.A.They have all passed language proficiency tests.B.They have all studied cross.cultural differences.C.They all have a strong interest in language.D.They all have professional qualifications.◆8.A.It puts one’s long.term memory under more stress.B.It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.C.It attaches more importance to accuracy.D.It requires a much larger vocabulary.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.◆9.A.It might increase mothers’mental distress.B.It might increase the risk of infants’death.C.It might affect mothers’health.D.It might disturb infants’sleep.◆10.A.Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.B.Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’health.C.Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.D.Mothers who breast.feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.◆11.A.Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.B.Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.C.Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.D.Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies’.Questions l2 t015 are based on the passage you have just heard.◆12.A.More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.B.The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.C.The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.D.A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.◆13.A.To set up more language schools.B.To educate native American children.C.To revitalise America’s native languages.D.To document endangered languages.◆14.A.The US government’s policy of Americanising Indian children.B.The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C.The long.time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.D.The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.◆15.A.It is widely used in language immersion schools.B.It speeds up the extinction of native languages.C.It is being utilised to teach native languages.D.It tells traditional stories during family time.Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordingsWill be played only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆16.A.It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.B.It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.C.It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.D.It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.◆17.A.Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.B.Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.C.Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.D.Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.◆18.A.To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.B.To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.C. To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.D. To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses. Questions l9 t022 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆19.A. They investigated the ice.B. They analyzed the water content.C.They explored the ocean floor.D.They measured the depths of sea water.◆20.A.The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.B.The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.C.Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.D. Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.◆21.A.The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.B. Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s flesh water.C. Arctic ice is essential to human survival.D. The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.◆22.A. There is no easy technological solution to it.B.It will advance nuclear technology.C.There is no easy way.to understand it.D. It will do a lot of harm to mankind.Questions 23 t025 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆23.A. The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.B. The health problems of children raised by a single parent.C.The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.D. The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.◆24.A. Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.B. Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.C.Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D. Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.◆25.A. Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.B. Self-control can be improved through education.C. Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.D. Self-control problems may be detected early in children.1.【解析】D。
2016年6月大学英语六级听力真题及答案：第一套
2016年6月大学英语六级听力真题及答案：第一套Section ADirections：In this section.you will hear two long conversations，At the end of each conversation，you will，hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.◆1.A.The restructuring of her company.B.The man’s switch to a new career.C.The updating of technology at CucinTech.D.The project the man managed at CucinTech.◆2.A.Talented personnel.B.Effective promotion.C.Strategic innovation.petitive products.◆3.A.Innovate constantly.B.Expand the market.C.Recruit more talents.D.Watch out for his competitors.◆4.A. Possible bankruptcy.B.Unforeseen difficulties.C.Imitation by one’s competitors.D.Conflicts within the company.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.◆5.A.The importance of language proficiency.B.The job of an interpreter.C.The stress felt by professionals.D.The best Way to effective communication.◆6.A. Admirable.B.Promising.C.Meaningful.D.Rewarding.◆7.A.They have all passed language proficiency tests.B.They have all studied cross.cultural differences.C.They all have a strong interest in language.D.They all have professional qualifications.◆8.A.It puts one’s long.term memory under more stress.B.It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.C.It attaches more importance to accuracy.D.It requires a much larger vocabulary.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.◆9.A.It might increase mothers’mental distress.B.It might increase the risk of infants’death.C.It might affect mothers’health.D.It might disturb infants’sleep.◆10.A.Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.B.Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’health.C.Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.D.Mothers who breast.feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.◆11.A.Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.B.Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.C.Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.D.Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies’.Questions l2 t015 are based on the passage you have just heard.◆12.A.More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.B.The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.C.The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.D.A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.◆13.A.To set up more language schools.B.To educate native American children.C.To revitalise America’s native languages.D.To document endangered languages.◆14.A.The US government’s policy of Americanising Indian children.B.The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C.The long.time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.D.The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.◆15.A.It is widely used in language immersion schools.B.It speeds up the extinction of native languages.C.It is being utilised to teach native languages.D.It tells traditional stories during family time.Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings Will be played only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆16.A.It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.B.It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.C.It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.D.It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.◆17.A.Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.B.Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.C.Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.D.Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.◆18.A.To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.B.To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.C. To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.D. To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.Questions l9 t022 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆19.A. They investigated the ice.B. They analyzed the water content.C.They explored the ocean floor.D.They measured the depths of sea water.◆20.A.The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.B.The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.C.Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.D. Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.◆21.A.The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.B. Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s flesh water.C. Arctic ice is essential to human survival.D. The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.◆22.A. There is no easy technological solution to it.B.It will advance nuclear technology.C.There is no easy way.to understand it.D. It will do a lot of harm to mankind.Questions 23 t025 are based on the recording you have just heard.◆23.A. The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.B. The health problems of children raised by a single parent.C.The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.D. The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.◆24.A. Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.B. Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.C.Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D. Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.◆25.A. Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.B. Self-control can be improved through education.C. Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.D. Self-control problems may be detected early in children.1.【解析】D。
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析第1套
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析第1套2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a longperiod.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requir ed to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word ban k following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making yo ur choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the c orresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a singleline throug h the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-sk ates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitud e: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it's great fun. These f eelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an importan t ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the objectconstitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understand the health __30_ _ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component. Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three component s always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For exam ple, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, you have high c holesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may b e bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which component happens to bestron ger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions an d feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If y ou are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowled ge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healt hier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey wastaken, the Washington-based Center forMedia and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (thoughthey do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright." [F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care verymuch about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and futureworld beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John T empleton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), andbeing more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something." [K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年6月六级听力真题及答案
Conversation One:W: So Mike, youmanaged the innovation project at Two Santack.M: I did indeed.W: Well then, first congratulations. It seemsto have been very successful.M: Thanks, yes. I really help things turnaround at Two Santact.W: What is the revival in their fortune? Didit highly do to a strategic situation?M: Yes, yes I think it was. Santack was a company was much following a pack, doingeveryone else was doing. I getting rapidly left behind. I could see there werea lot of talent there and some great potential. Particularly in their productdevelopment. I just harness that some help.W: Was the innovation the core of the project?M: Absolutely, if it doesn’t sound like too much cliché. Our world isconstantly changing and changing quickly. Mini to be innovating constantly tokeep up with this. Standstill, you stop.W: No stop for sneaking the roses?M: Well, I will do that my personal life sure.But as a business strategy, I’m afraid there is nostopping.W: What exactly is the strategic innovationthen?M: Strategic innovation is the process ofmanaging innovation of making sure to take place all levels of the company andthat is related to the company’s overall strategy.W: I see.M: So, insteadof innovation for innovation sake and new products being simply because of thetechnology is there, the company culture must switch from these pointing timeinnovations to continue high innovation from everywhere and everyone.W: How did you alliance strategy throughoutthe company?M: I soon became aware of the complaintuseless. People take no notice. Simply it came about through the practicetrickling down. This up and set. People could see it was the best work.W: Does innovation on a scale really givecompetitive advantage?M: I am certainof it. Absolutely. Especially it was difficult for a copy. The risk is the corethat the innovation to limitation.W: But now is it strategic?M: precisely.W: Thanks for talking to us.M: Sure.1. Whatseems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?2. Whatdid the company lack before the company was implemented?3. Whatdid the man say he should do in his business?4. Whatdoes the man say is the risk of the innovation?Longconversation 2M:Todaymy guest is Dana who has worked for thelast twenty years as aninterpreter. Dana, welcome.W:ThankYou.M:Now,I’d like to begin by saying that I haveon the occasions used an interpretermyself as a foreign correspondent.So I’mfull of memo rations for what youdo.6. But Ithink your profession is sometimes underrated and many people thinkanyone whospeaks more than one language can do it.W:Thereare any interpreters I know who don’thave professional qualifications andtraining. You only really get profession aftermany years in the job.M:Andsay you can divide what you do into twodistinct methods simultaneous andconsecutive interpreting.W:That’sright.7.The techniques you use aredifferent.And a lot of interpreters wouldsay one is easier than the other,less stressful.M:Simultaneousinterpreting, putting someone’swords into another language more or less asthey speak, sounds to me like themore difficult.W:Well,actually no.8.Mostpeople in the business would agree that consecutiveinterpreting is the morestressful. You have to wait for the speaker to deliverquite a chunk of languagebefore you then put it into the second language whichputs your short termmemory under in tense stress.M:Youmight know presumably?W:Absolutely.Anythinglike numbers, names,places have to be noted down, but the rest is nevertranslated word for word. You have found theway of summarizing it. So that themessages arethere, turning every single wordinto the target language wouldput too much strain on the interpreter and slowdown the whole process toomuch.M:Butwhile simultaneous interpreting you starttranslating almost as soon as theother person starts speaking, you must havesome preparation beforehand.W:Well,hopefully, the speakers will outline ofthe topic a day or two in advance, youhave a low time to do research preparetechnical expressions and so onQ:5.Whatare the speakers mainly talking about?6.Whatdoesthe man think of Dana’s profession?7.WhatisDana say about the interpreters she knows?8.Whatdo most of interpreters think ofconsecutive interpreting?Section BPassage 1Mothers have been warnedfor yearsthat sleeping with their new born infant isa bad idea because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedlyduring the night.But now Israeli researchers arereporting that even sleeping in the same room canhave negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother.Mothers who slept in the same room with their infants, whether inthe same bed or just the same room, have poor sleep the mother whose baby sleptelse where in the house. They woke up more frequently or awake approximately 20minutes longer per night and have shorter period of uninterrupted sleep. Theseresults how true even taking into account that many of the women in the studywere breast-feeding their babies. Infants, on the other hand, didn’t appear tohave worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from theirmothers. The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied wereall middle classes Israelis. It is possible that the results will be differentin different cultures. Lead author TTTT wrote in an email that the researchteam also didn’t measure father sleep. So it is possible that patterns couldalso be causing the sleep disruptions for mums. Right now, to reduce the riskof sudden infant death in the room, the AmericanAcademy of PDrecommends the mothers not sleep in the same bed with their babies, but sleepin the same room. The Israeli study suggests thatdoing so, may be best for the baby, but may take at all on mum.9What is the long health viewabout the mother sleeping with new-born babies?10 What do Israeli researchers’ findings show?11What does the American Academy’s PD recommendmothers do?Passage2Passage2The US has already lost more than a third of thenative languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining192 are classed by the UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct."We need more funding and more effortto return these languages to everyday use," says Fred Nowosky of theNational museum of the American Indians, "we are makingprogress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not justdocumenting them." Some reported languages mainly in California andOklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th centuryhave fewer than 10 native speakers. Part of the issue is that tribal groupsthemselves don't always believe their languages are endangered until they aredown to the last handful of speakers. "But progress is being made throughemerging schools, because if you teach children when they are young, it willstay with them as adults and that is the future." says Fred Nowosky. Suchschools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islanders' native language arestill classed by the UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1000 peoplespeak it. The decline in the American African languages has historical roots. In the mid 19th century, the US government adopted a policyof Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes andcultures. Within a few generations, most have forgotten their native tongues.Another challenge to language survival is television. Ithas brought English into homes, and pushed out traditional storytelling andfamily time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.Questions 12-15 are based on the passage you just heard.12. What can we learn from the report?13. For what purpose does Fred Nowosky appeal from thefunding?14. What is the historical cause of the decline of theAmerican Indian Languages?15. What does the speaker say about television?Section CLecture oneGragroszen lost her job as a sales managernearly three years ago.and it is still unemployed.it is literally likesomething a dream to remember what it is like to actually be able to go out andit Puts the days to work and receive a day payAt first Rosen made house paymentswith the help unemployment insurance.it pays late of workers to have theirprevious wages law they look for work. But now theinsurance has run out for him and it has to make tough choices. He comes backon medications and he no longer support his disabled mother. It is devastatingexperiences. New researchers says the US recession that is now over. But manypeople remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds. There isliterally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers. So Four outof five workers have no chance of finding job. Business have down-sized orshutdown across America, leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work. Experts whomonitor unemployed statistic in box Pennsylvania say about twenty-eightthousand people are unemployed and many of them are jobless do to no force oftheir own.Local directer Elizabeth says theyprovide trading guidance to help find local job opportunity. Sohere is job opening . Here is job seeker. But the lack of work opportunities limit how much she can help. Rosensays he hopes congress will take action.This month, he launched the nineteenunions and organizations of eighteen internet based grass root gross groupsTheir goal is to convince law makers to extendunemployed benefits. But Pennsylvania says government simply do not have enoughmoney to extend unemployment insurance.he thinks thebest way to help long-term unemployed is to allow local company that can createmore jobs . But the boost investigator for the plan to work will taketime Time that Rosen says requires fooda n d p a y m e n t s . R o s e n s a y s w h o u s e s t h e l a s t s t a t i n g t o t r y t o h a n g o n t o h e w o r k e d f o r m o r e t h a n t w e n t y y e a r s t o b u y . B u t o n e s t u d y i s g o n e . H e d o e s n t k n o w w h a t h e l l d o b r b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > 1 6 - 1 8 b r b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 1 6 h o w d o e s t h e u n e m p l o y m e n t i n s u r a n c e h e l p t h e u n e m p l o y e d ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 1 7 . W h a t i s t h e l o c a l d i r e c t o r E l i z a b e t h o f t h e b o x c o u n t y c a r e e r i n g d o i n g ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > 1 8 . W h a t d o e s P e n n s y l v a n i a s t a t e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a y i s t h e b e s t w a y t o h e l p l o n g - t e r m u n e m p l o y e d ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > L e c t u r e 2 : b r bd s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > W : 1 9 . E a r l ie r t h i s y e a r , B r i t i s h e x p l o r e r s P e n H u d d l e a n d h i s t e a m t r i e d t h r ee m o n t h s t o c r o s s t h ef r o z e n A r c t i c o c e a n t a k i ng m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d r e c o r d i n g o b s e r v a t i o n s a b o u t th ei c e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > M : W h i l e w e h a v e b e e n b e l i e v e d t h a t w e w o u l d b e i n a c c o u n t o f a g o o d p r o p o r t i o n o f t h i s o l d e r , t h i c k e r , t e c h n i c a l l y m u l t i - y e a r i c e t h a t h a s b e e n a r o u n d f o r a f e w y e a r s a n dj u s t g e t t h i ck e r a n d t h i c k e r . w e a c t u al l y f i n d t h e r e w a s n t a n ym u l t i - y e a r i c e a t a l l . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > W : S o m e o b s e r v a t i on s a n d s u m m e r i n g s e r v i c eo v e r t h ep a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s h a s s h o w n l e s s i c e i n t h e p o l a r r e g i o n . 2 0 . B u t t h e r e c e n t m e a s u r e m e n t s s h o w t h e l o s t i s m o r e p r o n o u n c e d t h a n t h e p r e v i o u s t h o u g h t . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > M : W e a r e l o o k i n g a t r o u g h l y 8 0 p e r c e n t l o s s o f i c e c o v e r o n t h e A r c t i c o c e a n i n t e n y e a r s , r o u g h l y t e n y e a r s a n d 1 0 0 p e r c e n t l o s s i n n e a r l y t w e n t y y e a r s . C a m b r i d g e S c i e n t i s t P e t e r W h i t e n s w h o i s m e a s u r i n g t h e f i n d i n g s t h a t i n t h e s u m m e r s e a s o n . 2 1 . B u t r e s e a r c h m a n a g e m e n t s h o w s t h e l o s t o f t h a n p r e v i o u s t h o u g h t . W e a r e r o u g h l y l o o k i n g a t t h e p e r c e n t i c e c o v e r f o r t e n y e a r s . r o u g h l y t e n y e a r s a b o u t 1 0 0 p e r c e n t i n v i s i b l e . T h e m o r e y o u l o s e , t h e m o r e y o u c r e a t e d d u r i n g t h e s u m m i t T h e l e s s f o r m s i n w i n t e r , t h e f o l l o w i n g i n s u m m e r . I t c o m e s d o w n b r a i n s u c c e s s e s u n t i l i t h a s g o n e . e n v i r o n m e n t a l t r e a t y w o r l d w i d e l i k e f u n . T h e a r t i s t s s a y i c e i n t h e s y m p t o m . f a s t t h a n e x p e c t e d . A c t u a l l y , i t h a s t o t r a n s l a t e i n t o m o r e u r g e n c y t o d e a l w i t h c l i m a t e c h a n g i n g p r o b l e m s a n d r e d u c e e m i s s i o n s . G r e e n h o u s e e m i s s i o n s b l a m e f o r g l o b a l w a r m i n g n e e d s t o c o m e o u t t h e b y t h e c h a n g e s u m m i t i n D e c e m b e r . w e h a v e b a s i c a l l y a c h i e v e d t h e r e , t o c o m m u n i c a t e t h e d e a l . t h a t s t h e m i n i m u m . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > M : W e h a s t o d o t h a t i n c r e d i b l y . A n d t h a t w e h a v e t o f i n d t h e eq u i p m e n t . W h a t t h e n e e d s ur g e n c y T h e c a r b o n w e p r o d u c e i n t o t h e a t m os p h e r e k e e p st h e w a r m i n g f i r e f o r 1 0 0 0 y e a r s . 2 2 . S o w e h a v e t o c o m e b a c k t h e r a p i d l y n o w . B e c au s e i t t a k e s a l o n g t i m e t o w o r k i t t h r o u g h i n t o o u r r e s p o n s e b y t h e a t m o s p h e r e . W e c a n n o t s w i t c h o f f g l o b a l w a r m i n g . W e h av e t o s t o p b e i n g g o o d i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e . W e h a d t o n ow . T h e r e i s n o t e a s y t e c h n o l o g i c a l W h a t i s m o r e e a s y t o c l i m a t e c h a n g e . H e a n d o t h e r s c i e n t i s t s s a i d t h e r e a r e t h e t w o o p t i o n a l t o r e p l a c e t h e f a s t e n f u e l s . G e n e r a l l y , e n e r g y w i t h t h e g l o b a l w a r m i n g i n n u c l e a r p o w e r . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > Q 1 9 : W h a t d i d P e n H u d d l e a n d h i s t e a m d o i n t h e A r c t i c O c e a n ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > Q 2 0 : W h a t d o e s t h e r e p o r t s a y a b o u t t h e A r c t i c r e g i o n ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > Q 2 1 : W h a t d o e s C a m b r i d g e s c i e n t i s t P e t e r W h i t e n s s a y i n h i s s t u d y ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > Q 2 2 : H o w t h e s e P e t e r W h i t e n s v i e w c o m m o n c h a n g e ?b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > L ec t u r e 3 b r bd s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > F r o m a ve r y e a r l y a g e , s o m e c h i l d r e n e x h i b i t b e t t e r s e lf - c o n t r o l t h a n o t h e r s . N o w , a n e w s t u d y b eg a n w i th 1 , 0 0 0 c hi l d r e n i n N e w Z e a l a n d t r a c k e d h o w l o w s e l f - c o n t r o l c a n p r e d i c t p o o r h e a l t h , m o n e y t r o u b l e s a n d e v e n a c r i m i n a l r e c o r d i n t h e i r a d u l t y e a r s . R e s e a r c h e r s h a s b e e n s t u d y i n g t h e g r o u p o f c h i l d r e n f o r d e c a d e s n o w . S o m e o f t h e e a r l y o b s e r v a t i o n s h a v e t o d o w i t h t h e l e v e l o f s e l f - c o n t r o l t h e y o u n g s t e r s d i s p l a y e d p a r e n t s , t e a c h e r s , e v e n t h e k i d s t h e m s e l v e s , s c o r e d t h e y o u n g s t e r s o n m e a s u r e s l i k e " a c t i n g b e f o r e t h i n k i n g " a n d " p e r s i s t e n c e i n r e a c h i n g g o a l s . " T h e c h i l d r e n o f t h e s t u d y a r e n o w a d u l t s i n t h e i r t h i r t i e s . T e r r i e M o f f i t t o f D u k e U n i v e r s i t y a n d h e r r e s e a r c h c o l l e a g u e f o u n d t h a t k i d s w i t h s e l f - c o n t r o l i s s u e s t e n d e d t o g r o w u p t o b e c o m e a d u l t s w i t h a f a r m o r e t r o u b l i n g s e t o f i s s u e s t o d e a l w i t h . " T h e c h i l d r e n w h o h a d t h e l o w e s t s e l f - c o n t r o l w h e n t h e y w e r e a g e t h r e e t o 1 0 , l a t e r o n h a d t h e m o s t h e a l t h p r o b l e m s i n t h e i r t h i r t i e s , " M o f f i t t s a i d , " a n d t h e y h a d t h e w o r s t f i n a n c i a l s i t u a t i o n . T h e y w e r e m o r e l i k e l y t o h a v e a c r i m i n a l r e c o r d a n d t o b e r a i s i n g a c h i l d a s a s i n g l e p a r e n t o n a v e r y l o w i n c o m e . " " E v e n t h e c h i l d r e n w h o h a d a b o v e - a v e r a g e s e l f - c o n t r o l a s p r e - s c h o o l e r s , c o u l d h a v e b e n e f i t e d f r o m m o r e s e l f - c o n t r o l t r a i n i n g . T h e y c o u l d h a v e i m p r o v e d t h e i r f i n a n c i a l s i t u a t i o n a n d t h e i r p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t a l h e a l t h s i t u a t i o n 3 0 y e a r s l a t e r . " S o , c h i l d r e n w i t h m i n o r s e l f - c o n t r o l p r o b l e m s w e r e l i k e l y a s a d u l t s t o h a v e m i n o r h e a l t h p r o b l e m s , a n d s o o n . M o f f i t t s a i d i t ' s s t i l l u n c l e a r w h y s o m e c h i l d r e n h a v e b e t t e r s e l f - c o n t r o l t h a n o t h e r s , t h o u g h o t h e r r e s e a r c h e r s h a v e f o u n d t h a t i t ' s m o s t l y a l e a r n e d b e h a v i o r , w i t h r e l a t i v e l y l i t t l e g e n e t i c i n f l u e n c e . B u t g o o d s e l f - c o n t r o l c a n r u n i n f a m i l i e s b e c a u s e c h i l d r e n w i t h g o o d s e l f - c o n t r o l a r e m o r e l i k e l y t o g r o w u p t o b e h e a l t h y a n d p r o s p e r o u s p a r e n t s . " W h e r e a s s o m e o f t h e l o w - s e l f - c o n t r o l s t u d y m e m b e r s a r e m o r e l i k e l y t o b e s i n g l e p a r e n t s w i t h a v e r y l o w i n c o m e a n d t h e p a r e n t i s i n p o o r h e a l t h a n d l i k e l y t o b e a h e a v y s u b s t a n c e a b u s e r , " s a i d M o f f i t t . " S o t h a t ' s n o t a g o o d a t mo s p h e r e f o r a c h i l d . S o i t l o o k s a s t h o u g h s e l f - c o n t r o l i s s o m e t h i n g t h a t i n o n e g e n e r a t i o n c a n d i s a d v a n t a g e t h e n e x t g e n e r a t i o n . " B u t t h e g o o d n e w s , a c c o r d i n g t o M o f f i t t , i s t h a t s e l f - c o n t r o l c a n b e t a u g h t b y p a r e n t s , a n d t h r o u g h s c h o o l c u r r i c u l a t h a t h a v e b e e n s h o w n t o b e e f f e c t i v e . B u t t h e g o o d n e w s i s t h e M o f f i t t s a y s t h a t s e l f - c o n t r o l c a n b e t a u g h t b y t h e p a r e n t s a n d t h r o u g h s c h o o l c u r r i c u l a t h a t h a v e p r o v e d t o b e e f f e c t i v e . T e r r y M o f f i t t s p a p e r o n t h e l i n k o n s e l f - c o n t r o l a n d a d u l t s t a t u s i s l a t e r i s p u b l i s h e d p r o c e e d i n g t h e a c a d e m y o f s c i e n c e s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 2 3 . W h a t i s t h e n e w s t u d y a b o u t ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 2 " > 2 4 . W h a t d o e s t h e s t u d y s e e m t o s h o w ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 2 5 . W h a t d o e s M o f f i t t s a y i s t h e g o o d n e w s t o t h e s t u d y ? / d i v > d i v i d = " f l o a t _ b t n " b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > b u t t o n c l a s s = " f l o a t _ b t n l e f t _ b t n " i d = " c o p y _ b u t t o n " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - a c t i o n = " c o p y " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - t a r g e t = " # c o n t e n t - t x t " o n c l i c k = "d o _ c o p y ( ) ; " b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " >e m c l a s s = " i c o n " b d sf i d = " 1 6 6 " >。
大学英语四六级考试-2016年6月大学英语四级考试真题听力原文及参考答案(第1套)
2016年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）参考答案Part I WritingDear Jack,I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude to you. It is very kind of you to help me out when I was in difficulty.As you may know, I have been addicted to the Internet for quite a while. Every day I would spend a whopping one –quarter of waking hours in the virtual world connecting with people on the net, as a substitution for real-life human connection. Having realized the harmful effects of excessive use of the Internet, you made great efforts to discourage me from Internet addiction. Fortunately, with your persistent support and selfless assistance, I have freed myself from Internet obsession now.A friend in need is a friend indeed; I am deeply indebted to you for your timely help and I will cherish our friendship forever no matter what happens. Again, please accept my heartfelt appreciation.Affectionately yours, Li MingPart IV TranslationIn Weifang, Shandong Province, the kite is not only toys, but also the symbol of the city’s culture. Weifang, being famous for “the city of kites” has a history of nearly 2,400 kite flying. Legend has it that Mo Zi, and ancient Chinese philosopher, spent three years on making the world’s first kitein Weifang. But the kite fell and broke on the first day of flying. It is also believed that the kite was invented by Lu Ban, and ancient Chinese carpenter. It is said that his kite, made of wood and bamboo, flew for three days before landing.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力原文Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.You probably think college students are experts at sleeping, but parties, preparations for test, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and for mind. Texas Tech University is even offering a class called Improving Your Sleep Habits. People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poor attendance and lower grades. On top of all that, a new study published in the journey “Learning and Memory” finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later. But they did much better after getting a good sleep. So if you really want to do your job well, don’t forget to get some sleep.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journey Learning and Memory?Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Long queues, the delayed flights and overcrowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. Meanwhile, there are complains that poor service at London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority, which runs seven major airports, including the three main ones serving London. The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to set off some of its assets. The idea is that competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. The British Airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure but a lack of runway and terminal capacity, which it is addressing through a program of heavy investment.3. What is the competition commission is going to investigate?4. What is the root cause of the poor service at British airports according to the British Airports Authority?Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. The Department of Public Health in Boston gathersand carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusions. A hundred and sixteen brands were looked at for the study. Ninety-two were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously. The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. That worries the department because of the addictive nature of nicotine. Stand Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why. “The amount of nicotine that’s delivered in every cigarette is 10% higher than it was six years ago, which means that is easier to get hooked and harder to quit. The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. However, none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”5. What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts?6. What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston?7. What do we learn from the news report about big tobacco companies?Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: And you know one thing that I want to ask you. It’s great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in English-speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don’t know about perfecting but they want at least to be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this?W: Yeah, it is really hard. That is the real struggle because, right now, I do live in Holland, but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people and my boyfriend’s English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There is much listening exposure as I want--all I need to do is to turn on the TV.M: And reading also, right?W: Yeah, reading. There is plenty I can get to read and listen to. But for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. So I think that’s really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn’t spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn’t have people here, probably try to find a club? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called Study Circles; well, it’s not…It’s like a course, but really you just have a course leader who is there, sort of, as a coach and to help out. And you don’t get grades, and you go just because you want to learn.8. Where does the woman live right now?9. What does the woman say is the real challenge?10. What does the woman suggest doing to learn to speak a foreign language?11. What does the woman say about the Study Circles in Sweden?Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Okay, Nathan. So we are talking driving and are there any rules or regulations you’d like to change?M: I’m not sure I want to change rules, but I’d like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump the traffic lights, I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding, it is very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.W: Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibilities in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point of producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go like 200 kilometers /h when the speed limit is only 100?M: Right, but you know there are no speed limits in Germany?W: People there do drive responsible, though. Often people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn’t there, people will drive with their ability range. When you’ve got speed limits, this creates situation actually present dangers on the road.M: Do you think Germans have better education about the personal responsibility when driving? W: Possibly, they also have very good cars.M: Right.W: If you’ve got a good car that can go at a high speed, then it’s really nice to do that.M: But still with care.W: So I think it’s the restrictions that create dangers sometimes.M: Okay.W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policemen.M: Speed bumps.W: Yes, speed bumps, those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they are a good idea.M: So you don’t think fining people is useful.W: Not really, but the police don’t have time to police every single driver.12. What do the speakers mainly talking about?13. What does the woman think car manufacturers could do?14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany?15. What does the woman think of the police fining drivers?Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. The store’s card reader failed to scan the card’s magnetic strip. Azar tried again and again, no luck. As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath thecounter for a plastic black bag. He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success! The sale was completed. “I don’t know how it works. It just does,” said Mr. Azar who learned the trick for another clerk. Verifone, the company that makes the store’s card reader, would not confirm or deny that plastic bag trick worked. But it’s one of the many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered--often out of desperation--and shared. Today’s shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. “In postwar Japan, the economy wasn’t doing the great, so you couldn’t get everyday-use items like household cleaners,” says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyle tips and tricks. “So people look for ways to do with what they had.” Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. Some, like Mr. Azar’s plastic bags, are open to argument as to how they work or whether they really work at all. But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase?17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete his sale?18. What is today’s shaky economy likely to do?Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. If you’re a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your boss. Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. Then students select an adviser based on shared academic interests. In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department’s advising load. Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer. In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, the minimum grade point average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you are near the time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of information. You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser.19. What does the speaker say about procedures for assigning academic advisers?20. How can new graduate students learn who their advisers are?21. What does the speaker say about the graduation requirements?Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Joly Hubbard is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. She primarily speaks to students in health classes but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative way that affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only 8 years old. Joly has created several different presentations, which she gives to different types of audiences, and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and beautiful than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur the result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and that notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. Sometimes, Joly feels that she succeeds persuading some students to stop dieting. Other times, she feels that she fails.22. Who does Jody Hubbard primarily speak to?23. What is Jody Hubbard’s biggest concern about American culture?24. Why does Jody Hubbard show pictures of beautiful women to her audiences?25. What is Jody Hubbard’s main purpose in giving her speeches?。
2016年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案(20200629071853)
2016 年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案Section ALong Conversations （长对话）Conversation OneM: So how long have you bee n a Market Research Con sulta nt?W: Well, I started straight after finishing university.M: Did you study market research?W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it's more important to get experienee in different types of market research to find out exactly what you're in terested in.M: So what are you in terested in?W: Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relati on ship with the clie nt. I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects. M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?W: It's basically whe n compa nies n eed quick an swers to their questi ons about their con sumers' habits. They just ask for one questi onn aire to be sent out for example, so the time you spe nd on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad-hoc?W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I n eed the variety.M: Can you just expla in what process you go through with a new clie nt?W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then desig n a questi onn aire. Once the in terviewers have bee n briefed, I send the clie nt a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and orga nize a prese ntatio n.M: Hmm, one last questio n, what do you like and dislike about your job?W: As I said, variety is important and as for what I don't like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1: What positi on does the woma n hold in the compa ny?Q2: What does the woman specialize in at the moment?Q3: What does the woma n say about trackers?Q4: What does the woma n dislike about her job?Conversation TwoW: Hello, I'm here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?M: Yeah, that's right.W: OK, and you have very strong views about uni versities in Can ada. Could you please expla in?M: Well, we don't have private universities in Canada. They' reall public. All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it's a government operated institution, things don't move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he's a worker for the gover nment. So I don't think it's very efficie nt. However, there are certain advantagesof public universities, such as the fees being free. You don't have to pay for your education. But the system isn't efficient, and it does not work that well.W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private uni versities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don't act that much differently, because it' s the same thing working for a private university. Theyget paid for their job. I don ' t know if they're that much more motivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it's kind of a problem actually.M: I agree with you. I thi nk it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody. It ' s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can leann from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best.W: Right. It's the exact opposite in the Un ited States.M: So, as you see, it's very hard to say which one is better.W: Right, a good point.Questi ons 5 to 8 are based on the conv ersati on you have just heard.Q5: What does the woma n want Frederick to talk about?Q6: What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?Q7: On what point do the speakers agree?Q8: What point does the man make at the end of the con versati on?Section BPassagesPassage OnePassage 1A rece nt Intern ati onal Labour Orga ni zati on report says the deteriorati on of real wages around the world calls in to questi on the true exte nt of an econo mic recovery, especially if gover nment rescue packages are phased out too early.The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound. Patrick Belser, an International Labour Organization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of un employme nt.“ Thequite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries,strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decli ne. So, we expect that the sec ond part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experieneed flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include, the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germa ny. Intern ati onal Labour Orga ni zatio n econo mists say some n ati ons have come up with polices to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. An example of these is work shari ng with gover nment subsidies. Un der this scheme, the nu mber of in dividual worki ng hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the gover nment must provide wage subsidies to compe nsate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.Questi ons 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q9. What is the International Labor Organization report mainly about?Q10. According to an International Labor Organization specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people look ing for jobs?Q11.What does the speak mea n by "the work shari ng scheme"?Passage TwoIs there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about the supplements, is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn' rteed a cure. What your memory needs is a good work-out. So really those supplements aren ' t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren ' t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really haveto be wary whe n you take any of them. The scie nee isn't there behi nd most of them. They're not really well-regulated uni ess they adhere to some in dustry sta ndard. You don't really know that what they say is in there, is n't there. What you must un dersta nd is that those supplements, especially in some eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don't just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements. In fact, they are prescribed and they're given at a certain level, a dosage that is un derstood by a practiti oner who's bee n train ed. And that's not really the way they're used in this country. The other thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that tak ing them in comb in atio n with other medicati ons might put you at in creased risk for somethi ng that you would n ' otherwise being coun teri ng or be at risk for.Q12. What question is frequently put to the speaker?Q13. What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?Q14. What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?Q15. What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?【Lectures】（讲座一）Lecture 1The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive powers of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two-million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses. U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. "Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreasedby a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they may not be disasters."Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires.He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them."Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it is pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don ' t build where the hazards will destromy them. Fro an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans. ”The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.It says tropical cyclones formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed. Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500. Q16. What is the talk mainly about?Q17. How can we stop extreme events from turning into events?Q18. What does the example of Cuba serve to show?Lecture 2As U.S. banks recovered with the help of American government and the American taxpayers, president Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it time to return the favor.“The way I see it are banks nogwrehaatevrinogblaigation tothe goal of a wide recovery, ” he said. But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “ Itwas in a free fall, and it was a very scary period. ” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world 's largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans.Although he says the worst is just over, Bailey says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 US banks failed in 2009. He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 ascommercial real estate loans come due."So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so."Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But US Bankcorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently."We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be.With that in mind, we're putting everything we can, lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk." While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes - twice. "You know, forecasting's become a very hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much. I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but it's certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two. ”If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus -- something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary. Q19. What dose president Obama hope the banks will do?Q20. What is Martin Neil Baily 's prediction about the financial situation in the future?Q21. What does U.S. Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?Q22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?Lecture 3A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.Still there are still good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchershave examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.Researchersat Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absenceof strong evidence that any of these approachescan make a big difference.Co-author James Burke helped design the study. "In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial." said. "Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established."Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke said that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies - the researcher's gold standard."Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged,".The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline.However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke offeredsome recommendations."I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, that we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important."James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.Q23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adult?Q24. According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline? Q25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?KeysSection A1-81. D ) Market research consultant2. A ) Quantitative advertising research3. D ) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a longperiod.4. B ) Checking charts and tables.5. A ) His view on Canadian universities.6. B ) It is rather inflexible.7. C )Everybody should be given equal access to highereducation.8. C )It is hard to say which is better, a public university ora private university.9-119.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.10.A )They will feel less pressure to raise employees 'wages.11.11.C)Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.Section B12-1512. A )Whether memory supplements work.13. D )They are not on based on real science.14. D )They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.B )Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks. Section C16-1816 D )How the negative impacts of natural disasters can bereduced.17 B )By taking steps to prepare people for them.18 A )How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.19-2219 C )Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery20 B )Many smaller regional banks are going to fail21 D )It will try to provide more loans22 D )It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrinkagain23-2523 A ) Being unable to learn new things.24 A ) Cognitive stimulation.25 C ) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.。
2016年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案
2016年6月大学英语六级考试听力原文+答案Section ALong Conversations（长对话）Conversation OneM: So how long have you been a Market Research Consultant?W: Well, I started straight after finishing university.M: Did you study market research?W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it's more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you're interested in.M: So what are you interested in?W: Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects. M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?W: It's basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers' habits. They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad-hoc?W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety.M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client?W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once the interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and organize a presentation.M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job?W: As I said, variety is important and as for what I don't like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1: What position does the woman hold in the company?Q2: What does the woman specialize in at the moment?Q3: What does the woman say about trackers?Q4: What does the woman dislike about her job?Conversation TwoW: Hello, I'm here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?M: Yeah, that's right.W: OK, and you have very strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain?M: Well, we don't have private universities in Canada. They’re all public. All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it's a government operated institution, things don't move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he's a worker for the government. So I don't think it's very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public universities, such as the fees being free. You don't have to pay for your education. But the system isn't efficient, and it does not work that well.W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don't act that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a private university. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they're that much more motivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it's kind of a problem actually.M: I agree with you. I think it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best.W: Right. It's the exact opposite in the United States.M: So, as you see, it's very hard to say which one is better.W: Right, a good point.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5: What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?Q6: What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?Q7: On what point do the speakers agree?Q8: What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?Section BPassagesPassage OnePassage 1A recent International Labour Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound. Patrick Belser, an International LabourOrganization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.“The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.”The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include, the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany.International Labour Organization economists say some nations have come up with polices to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. An example of these is work sharing with government subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q9. What is the International Labor Organization report mainly about?Q10. According to an International Labor Organization specialist, how will employers feel if there are more people looking for jobs?Q11.What does the speak mean by "the work sharing scheme"?Passage TwoIs there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about the supplements, is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn’t need a cure. What your memory needs is a good work-out. So re ally those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn't there behind most of them. They're not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard. You don't really know that what they say is in there, isn't there. What you must understand is that those supplements, especially in some eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don't just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements. In fact, they are prescribed and they're given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who's been trained. And that's not really the way they're used in this country. The other thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise being countering or be at risk for.Q12. What question is frequently put to the speaker?Q13. What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?Q14. What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?Q15. What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?【Lectures】（讲座—）Lecture 1The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive powers of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two-million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses. U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. "Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they may not be disasters."Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires.He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them."Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it is pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards will destroy them. F rom an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans. ”The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.It says tropical cyclones formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed. Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.Q16. What is the talk mainly about?Q17. How can we stop extreme events from turning into events?Q18. What does the example of Cuba serve to show?Lecture 2As U.S. banks recovered with the help of American government and the American taxpayers, president Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. “The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wide recovery,” he said. But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans.Although he says the worst is just over, Bailey says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 US banks failed in 2009. He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due."So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so."Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But US Bankcorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently."We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be.With that in mind, we're putting everything we can, lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk."While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes - twice. "You know, forecasting's become a very hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much. I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but it's certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.”If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus -- something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary. Q19. What dose president Obama hope the banks will do?Q20. What is Martin Neil Baily’s prediction about the financial situation in the future? Q21. What does U.S. Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?Q22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy? Lecture 3A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.Still there are still good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.Co-author James Burke helped design the study. "In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial." said. "Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established."Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke said that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies - the researcher's gold standard."Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged,".The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline.However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke offered some recommendations."I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, that we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important."James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.Q23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adult?Q24. According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?Q25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline? KeysSection A1-81. D）Market research consultant2. A）Quantitative advertising research3. D）They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. B）Checking charts and tables.5. A）His view on Canadian universities.6. B）It is rather inflexible.7. C）Everybody should be given equal access to higher education.8. C）It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private university.9-119.B）The worsening real wage situation around the world.10.A）They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.11.11.C）Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.Section B12-1512. A）Whether memory supplements work.13. D）They are not on based on real science.14. D）They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.B）Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks. Section C16-1816 D）How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17 B）By taking steps to prepare people for them.18 A）How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.19-2219 C）Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery20 B）Many smaller regional banks are going to fail21 D）It will try to provide more loans22 D）It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again23-2523 A）Being unable to learn new things.24 A）Cognitive stimulation.25 C）Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.。
第一套英语六级考试听力原文
16年6月第一套真题听力Section AConversation OneM: So how long have you been a Market Research Consultant?W: Well, I started straight after finishing university.M: Did you study market research?W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it’s more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you’re interested in.M: So what are you interested in?W: Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?W: It’s basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers’ habits. They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad-hoc?W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety.M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client? W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once the interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and organize a presentation.M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job?W: As I said, variety is important and as for what I don’t like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 1: What position does the woman hold in the company? Question 2: What does the woman specialize in at the moment? Question 3: What does the woman say about trackers?Question 4: What does the woman dislike about her job? Conversation TwoW: Hello, I’m here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?M: Yeah, that’s right.W: OK, and you have very strong views about universities in Canada.Could you please explain?M: Well, we don’t have private universities in Canada. They’re all public. All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it’s a government operated institution, things don’t move very fast. If you want something to be done,then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he’s a worker for the government. So, I don’t think it’s very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public universities, such as the fees being free. You don’t have to pay for your education. But the system isn’t efficient, and it does not work that well.W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don’t act that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a private university. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they’re that much more motivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it’s kind of a problem actually.M: I agree with you. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best.W: Right. It’s the exact opposite in the United States.M: So, as you see, it’s very hard to say which one is better. W: Right, a good point.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 5: What does the woman want Frederick to talk about? Question 6: What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?Question 7: On what point do the speakers agree?Question 8: What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?Section BPassage OneA recent International Labor Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early. The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year despite indicationsof an economic rebound. Patrick Belser, an international labor organization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment. The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that there will be a great pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second part of the year would not be very good in terms of wage growth. The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany. International Labor Organization economists say some nations have come up with policies to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. An example of these is work sharing with government subsidies.?Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.Questions?9?to?11?are?based?on?the?passage?you?have?just?heard.?Question?9:?What?is?the?International?Labor?Organization’s?rep ort?mainly?about?Question?10: According to an International Labor Organization’s specialist, how will employers feel if there are morepeople looking for jobs?Question?11:?What?does?the?speaker?mean?by?the?work?sharing?sch eme?Passage?Two?Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy?I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about the supplements, is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn’t need a cure. What your memory needs is a good workout. So really those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them. They’re not really well-regulated unless they adhere to someindustry standard. You don’t really know that what they say is in there, isn’t there. What you must understand is that those supplements, especially in some eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don’t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements. In fact, they are prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained. And that’s not really the way they’re used in this country. The other thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise being countering or be at risk for.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question12. What question is frequently put to the speaker? Question13. What does the speaker say about most memory supplements?Question14. What do we learn about memory supplements in eastern cultures?Question15. What does the speaker say about memory supplements at the end?Section?CRecording 1The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive powers of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands. A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $ trillion in economic losses. . weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. “Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they need not be disasters.” Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economiclosses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires. He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it is pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards will destroy them. From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans. “The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action. It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed. Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Question 16. What is the talk mainly about?Question 17. How can we stop extreme events from turning into disasters?Question 18. What does the example of Cuba serve to show? Recording 2As . banks recovered with the help of American government and the American taxpayers, President Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. “The wayI see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal ofa wider recovery,” he said. But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans. Although he says the worst is just over, Bailey says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 US banks failed in 2009. He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due. “So, there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and mediumsized businesses in the next year or so.”Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But US Bankcorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently. “We’re probably more optimistic than the experts might be. With that in mind, we’re putting in everything we can, lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk.”While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes —twice. “You know, forecasting’s become a very hazardous business so I don’t want to commit myself too much. I don’t think we know exactly what’s going to happen but it’s certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.” If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus — something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. Question19. What does President Obama hope the banks will do? Question20. What is Martin Neil Baily’s prediction about thefinancial situation in the future?Question21. What does . Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?Question22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?Recording 3A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age. Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies. Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference. Co-author James Burke helped design the study. “In the observational studies we found that some of theB vitamins were beneficial.”“Exercise, diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, althoughthe evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.” Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke said that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies —the researcher’s gold standard. “Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged.” The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations. “I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important.” James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Question 23. According to the speaker, what might be a symptom of cognitive decline in older adults?Question 24. According to James Burke, what does seem to help reduce cognitive decline?Question 25. What did James Burke recommend to reduce the incidence of cognitive decline?。
2016年6月大学英语六级第1套真题及答案解析
2016年6⽉⼤学英语六级第1套真题及答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead ofinteracting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer. B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager. D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research. B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity. B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires. D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed. B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities. D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private universities in the US are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Boththe passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
【精编】2016年6月六级真题(第一套)
2016年6月六级考试真题(第一套)Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e—learning．Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school．You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations．At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．drier you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D ．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre．Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard．1．A.Project organizer．B.Public relations officer．C.Marketing manager．D. Market research consultant．2.A.Quantitative advertising research．B.Questionnaire design．C.Research methodology．D.Interviewer training．3．A.They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits．B.They examine relations between producers and customers．C.They look for new and effective ways to promote products．D.They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period．4．A.The lack of promotion opportunity．B.Checking charts and tables．C. Designing questionnaires．D. The persistent intensity．Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard．5．A. His view on Canadian universities．B.His understanding of higher education．C.His suggestions for improvements in higher education．D.His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities．6．A.It is well designed．B.It is rather inflexible．C.It varies among universities．D.It has undergone great changes．7．A.The United States and Canada can learn from each other．B.Public universities are often superior to private universities．C.Everyone should be given equal access to higher education．D.Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions．8．A. University systems vary from country to country．B.Efficiency is essential to university management．C.It is hard to say which is better,a public university or a private one．D.Many private universities in the U．S．are actually large bureaucracies．Directions：In this section．you will hear two passages．At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D ．Then mark the corresponding fetter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard．9．ernment’s role in resolving an economic crisis．B.The worsening real wage situation around the world．C.Indications of economic recovery in the United States．D.The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life．10．A.They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages．B.They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees．C.They will feel inclined to expand their business operations．D.They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals．11．A.Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis．ernment and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed．C.Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs．D.Team work will be encouraged in companies．Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard．12．A.Whether memory supplements work．B.Whether herbal medicine works wonders．C.Whether exercise enhances one’s memory．D.Whether a magic memory promises success．13．A.They help the elderly more than the young．B.They are beneficial in one way or another．C.They generally do not have side effects．D.They are not based on real science．14．A.They are available at most country fairs．B.They are taken in relatively high dosage．C.They are collected or grown by farmers．D.They are prescribed by trained practitioners．15．A.They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise．B.Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks．C.Their effect lasts only a short time．D.Many have benefited from them．Section CDirections：In this section．you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions．The recordings will be played only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ，B ，C and D ．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard．16．A.How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations．B.How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters．C.How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters．D.How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced．17．A.By training rescue teams for emergencies．B.By taking steps to prepare people for them．C.By changing people’s views of nature．D.By relocating people to safer places．18．A.How preventive action can reduce the loss of life．B.How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters．C.How Cubans suffer from tropical storms．D.How destructive tropical storms can be．Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard．19．A.Pay back their loans to the American government．B.Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty．C.Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery．D.Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble．20．A.Some banks may have to merge with others．B.Many smaller regional banks are going to fail．C.It will be hard for banks to provide more loans．D.Many banks will have to 1ay off some employees．21．A.It will work closely with the government．B.It will endeavor to write off bad loans．C.It will try to lower the interest rate．D.It will try to provide more loans．22．A. It won’t help the American economy to rum around．B.It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks．C.It will win the approval of the Obama administration．D.It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again．Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard．23．A.Being unable to learn new things．B.Being rather slow to make changes．C.Losing temper more and more often．D.Losing the ability to get on with others．24．A.Cognitive stimulation．munity activity．C.Balanced diet．D.Fresh air．25．A.Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging．B.Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life．C.Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles．D.Seeking advice from doctors from time to time．Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section．there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage．Let’s say you love roller-skating．Just the thought of 26 on your roller．skates brings a smile to your face．You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise．You have a 27 attitude toward it．This description of roller-skating 28 the three components of an attitude：affect，cognition，and behavior．You love the activity；it's great fun．These feelings 29 the affective or emotional component；they are an important ingredient in attitudes．The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude．You understand the health 30 that the activity can bring．Finally,attitudes have a behavioral component．Our attitudes 31 us to go outside to enjoy roller—skating．Now．we don’t want t01eave you with the 32 that these three components always work together 33．They don’t：sometimes they clash．For example，let’s say you love pizza(affective component)；however,you have high cholesterol and understand(knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your health．Which behavior will your attitude result in，eating pizza or 34 it?The answer depends off which component happens to be stronger．If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime．Your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health．In that instance．you have pizza for lunch．If you are at home trying to decide where to go for dinner,however,the knowledge component may 35 ，and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier mealA.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections：In this section．you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today’s teenagers aren’t so scary after all．Results of USA WEEKEND’s Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they’re being raised．They think of their parents with affection and respect．They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem．Most feelthat their parents understand them．and they believe their family is the No.1 priority in their parents’lives．Many even think their parents are cool!Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents．rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color(低俗的) book or CD．[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young．In October 2000，the same month the survey was taken，the Washington． based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that,in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth，just 2％of teens were shown at home，and just 1％were portrayed in a work setting．In contrast，the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds．No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence．[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us．The survey shows us that today’s teens are affectionate．sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes．From other sources，we also know teenage crime，drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline．We of course，need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility,but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people．[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in．depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large‘scale surveys．Still，in my studies and others I have read，I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND’s survey．Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Morn and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste，such as music or fashion．When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure．Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends．[E] Contrary to some stereotypes，most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals(though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish(拉帮结派的)environment of high school).Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people．One prevalent quality we have round in teens’statements about themselves，their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone．By and large，these are very nice kids，and as the band The Who used to sing，“The kids are alright．”[F] How much is today’s sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past?A mere generation ago，parent。
2016年6月英语六级第一套真题听力原文详细
16年第一套真题听力Conver satio n One对话一M: So how long have you been a Market Resear ch Consul tant?男：你做市场调查顾问多长时间了？W: Well, I starte d straig ht afterfinish ing univer sity.女：我大学毕业后就开始做了。
M: Did you studymarket resear ch?男：你学的是市场调查吗？W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the indust ry,女：是的，这帮助我进入了这个行业，but I have to say that it's more import ant to get experi encein differ ent typesof market resear ch to find out exactl y what you're intere stedin.但是我不得不说，你需要有各种市场研究的经验才能找出你真正感兴趣的事物，这很重要。
M: So what are you intere stedin?男：你对什么感兴趣？W: Well, at the moment, I specia lizein quanti tativ e advert ising resear ch, whichmeansthat I do two typesof projec ts.女：目前来说，我专门做量化广告调查，也就是说我做两个项目。
Tracke rs, whichare ongoin g projec ts that look at trends or custom er satisf ac tio n over a long period of time.追踪调查，这是个正在进行的项目，研究很长一段时期内的趋势和客户满意度。
2016年6月英语四级真题第一套听力原文
News report 1 The international labor organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number on unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people leaving on less than 2 dollars per day in the past 3 years. The director general of the international labor organization WS notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis. However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes 4-5 years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. S says the international organization is proposing a global job agreement to deal with unemployment. Mr. S: It’s key objective is to place the center of recovery efforts, measures will generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable. 1、 What is the news report main about? 2、 What does Mr. S say? News Report 2 Big fast food chains in New York city have started to obey a first kind of its rule requiring them to post calorie on its menu. CN is with New York Department of Health. We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision and inform decision that if they want to make a healthier choice. If they want to eat fewer calories, they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if this has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes, and heart disease, and high blood pressure. The new rules were introduced as part of anti-obesity campaign that also includes a recent city wide ban onartificial transfat in restaurant food. The menu rule only applies to restaurants that serves standard portion sizes and 15 or more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in aprominent sports on their menus, preferably next to the price. 3. what are big fast food chains in New York cityrequire to do according to the new rule? 4.What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule? News Report 3 Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today, but not many are able to integrate innovation into their business. A commentary in a … daily points out that innovation doesn’t mean piles of documents, it’s something more practical. The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means create something new, but actually it’s more than that. It’s an attitude of doing thing. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes. The article cites the global giant and gamble as an example, saying the real innovative company should develop an innovation culture, and use it as a primary tool for success. P and gamble has a proper innovation fun whichoffers bigger rewards for high risk ideas. It also has a special innovation facility for employees. sometimes their employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks, and spend their time interrupting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success, it’s pointless unless their to turn inspiration into financial performance. 5. What is the problem of many companies according to news report? 6. What do many people turn to think of the innovation? 7. What does the company gamble? Section B Conversation 1 M: So, Linsy, do you like to text message on your cellphone? W:Yeah, I text message a lot. I don’t do it so much, I prefer to make a call if I’m in a hurry. Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don’t want to talk to the person, I just want to ask him a question, so it’s much easier for me, just text message, if I call them, I have to have a long conversation. Yeah, I …. But I get off the phone pretty quickly …. Yeah, that’s true, you don’t talk a lot. So are you a fast messager? When I first get a cellphone, I was so …, I thought I’d never text message, but people can’t text message me. So I feel obliged to learn how to text message, so now I’m pretty fast , what about you? Actually, I have the opposite problem. When I first get my cellphone. I thought it was so cool the to text message to all my friends who have one. Aren’t pretty fast .., but it seems like now I don’t use so much. I got slower actually. Yeah, I’ve been text messaging, actually sort of has to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot, but I asked my father, “do you text message?” and guess what he said? What? He said, he would never text message, he thinks it’s very childish and unprofessional to text message. Yeah, I could see what he means, it’s considered pretty informal to text message 8. what does the man say about himself? 9. what does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone? 10. why did the men text his friends when he first got his cell phone? 11. what does the woman’s father think of the text massage? childish Conversation 2 Good morning, Mr. Johnson, how can I help you? well, I’d like to talk to you about Team Barn, the department manager. What seems to be the problem? Well, ever since Saudra left the department, I felt like I’ve been targeted to do all her work, as well as mine. I’m expected to attend many meetings. And I seem to be spending a lot of time doing unnecessary paperwork. I’m sorry to hear that. And on top of that, I’ve specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday, even though as I’ve finished my assignment, I was told to help. But surely, that’s apositive sign showing that Mr. Barn has a lot of trust in you. Yeah, but other colleague gets leave early and theydon’t have such a lot of work to do. So you feel he’s making unrealistic demands on you? Yes, absolutely. Have you approached Mr. Barn about this particular problem? I tried, but it seems he just has no time for me. Well, at this stage, it would be better to approach him directly. If nothing else show you can solve the problem yourself before you take it further, makes it clear you’re not just a complainer. Why don’t you send him an email, requesting a meeting with him in private. Hmm, I feel a bit worry about his reaction. But, anyway I’ll send him an email requesting a meeting, and see what happens though, thanks for your advice. Good luck, let us know the outcome. 12. what do we know about the man from the cover? 13. what is the man’s chief complaint? 14. how was the women interpret the facts that? 15. what did the women advise the man to do? Section C Passage one The massive decline in sleep happens so slowly andquietly that feel seems trend. because the growing attraction of the video games and endless TV channels. neverdisconnecting from work, no matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health or …of their life even life endanger. new evidence shows why getting enough sleep is the top priority. Some 40% of the Americans get less than 7 hours. Believe between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer says L , Harvard University. For example, sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours 1950s to 7 in recent years, at the same time high blood pressure is becoming an increasing problem. Blood pressure are typically at lowest levels high during sleep people who sleepless and have high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, and other problems. Sleeping better may help fight of illnesses, when people sleep deprived their high levels of stress Hormons in their bodies which can decrease immune function says Doctor P of western university in Chicago, the university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer so say goodnight sooner and it may help you stay active and vital to a right old age. 16.What is the speaker mainly talking about? 17.What do we learn from the talked-about days of Americans? 18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack of sleep? Passage 2 Parents and teachers will tell you not to worry when apply for a place in university, but in the same breath, they will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life. The first decision is your choice of course, it would depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right commendation of subjects? And are your expectedgrades likely to meet into your requirements? The deadline is January 15th, but it’s better to submits your application early because universities began work as soon as formsrolling in. The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey bondless enthusiasm for the subject, so expression is for most. ? and ineffective generalities, and make sure you give the concrete examples. Admission officers will read every personal statements that arrives. It’s not convincing if you say you have chosen a subject because you enjoy it. You haveto get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject. Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor. 19. what is the first decision you should made when apply? 20. what is the most important part of the application? 21. what must applicants do in their personal statements? Passage 3 (motor car) Passage Three It is usually agreed that JC Benz built the first motor car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor and XX. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people to XX motory as a sport. Many of the early cars have two seats. There were no petrol XX and few garages. So every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns. By 1905, cars began to look like cars of todaywith head lamps with screen and number plates. Henry Ford’s Model T introduced in America in 1909, which cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars close to both the rich and ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with a motor car owner. Competency tests were introduced in 1955. Today the legal driving age of car in the UK is 17. You are not allowed to drive a car on XX until you pass the driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motor way, the Briston bypass. Until then, no one understood what a motor way was, not even a labor who were building it. The bypass held a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way. And the legend of transport cafe was born. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. But whether its English cooked breakfast or coffee and sandwich, one thing has remained the same, the XX. 22/ what does the speaker say about the first motor car? 23/ what was the problem the cars in Britain? 24/ Why did HF’s Model T cars cost less? 25/ what do we learn about the bypass?。
2016年6月英语六级真题听力原文(一)
2016年6月英语六级真题听力原文(一)Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: (1)So, how long have you been a market research consultant?W: Well, I started straight after finishing university.M: Did you study market research?W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it’s more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you’re interested in.M: So what are you interested in?W: (2)Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. (3)Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple of ad hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.M: What exactly do you mean by ad hoc jobs?W: It’s basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers’ habits. They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on an ad hoc project tends to be fairly short.M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad hoc?W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety.M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client? W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once the interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and organize a presentation.M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job? W: (4)As I said, variety is important and as for what I don’t like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Hello, I’m here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?M: Yeah, that’s right.W: (5)OK, and you have very strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain?M: Well, we don’t have private universities in Canada. They’re all public.(6)All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it’s agovernment-operated institutio n, things don’t move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he’s a worker for the government. So I don’t think it’s very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public uni versities, such as the fees being free. You don’t have to pay for your education. But the system isn’t efficient, and it does not work that well. W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don’t act that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a private university. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they’re that much more motivated to help people. (7)Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it’s kind of a problem actually.M: (7)I agree with you. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best.W: Right. It’s the exact opposite in th e United States.M: (8)So, as you see, it’s very hard to say which one is better.W: Right, a good point.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.(9)A recent International Labour Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.(9)The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound. Patrick Belser, an International Labour Organization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.“The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that (10)there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.”The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include, the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany.International Labour Organization economists say some nations have come up with polices to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. (11)An example of these is work sharing withgovernment subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? (12)I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about these supplements is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn’t need a cure. What your memory needs is a good workout. So really those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. (13)The other thing is that a lot of these supplements ar en’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them. They’re not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard. You don’t really know that what t hey say is in there is in there. (14)What you must understand is that those supplements, especially in some eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don’t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements. In fact, they are prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained. And that’s not really the way they’re used in this country. Theother thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. (15)A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at an increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise be countering or be at risk for.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.(16)U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. “Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they need not be disasters.”Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at theWorld Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires.He says extreme events will continue. (17)But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it’s pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards will destroy them. From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans.”The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.(18)It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed.Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.As U.S. banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayer, President Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. (19)“The way I see it—our banks now have a greater obligation to the goal of a wider recovery,” he said. But the President may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed investments in risky loans.Although he says the worst is over, Baily says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 U.S. banks failed in 2009. (20)He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as Commercial Real Estate loans co me due. “So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small- and medium-sized businesses in the next year or so.”Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But U.S. Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently.“We’re probably more optimistic than the experts might be.(21)With that in mind, we’re putting in everything we can. Lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk.”While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Bailysays the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes twice. “You know, forecasting’s become a very h azardous business so I don’t want to commit myself too much. I don’t think we know exactly what’s going to happen but it’s certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.”(22)If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.(23)Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.(24)Co-author James Burke helped design the study. “In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial. Exercise,diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.”Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke says that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies—the researcher’s gold standard.“Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectuall y engaged.”The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.(25)“I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important.”James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is publishedonline by the Annals of Internal Medicine.。
6月大学英语六级听力真题「第一套」
6月大学英语六级听力真题「第一套」为了帮助大备考2017年6月份的六级考试，店铺特意整理了2016年6月大学听力部分的真题和答案解析，希望能帮到大家!Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) Project organizer. B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager. D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology. D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities. D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education. D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country. B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory. D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise. B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.。
2016年6月英语六级第三套真题听力原文(英汉对照)
16年第三套真题听力Conversation One对话一M: So, what's the next thing on the agenda, Mary?男：玛丽，议程表上的下一项是什么？W: Well, it's the South Theater Company.女：是有关南方剧院公司的。
They want to know if we 'd be interested insponsoring a tour they want to make to East Asia.他们想知道我们是否对赞助他们去东亚旅行感兴趣。
M: East Asia? Uh ... and how much are they hopingto get from us?男：东亚？呃...他们希望我们出多少赞助费？W: Well, the letter mentions 20,000 pounds, but I do not know if they might settle for less.女：信上写的是2万英镑，但是我不知道赞助金额少点他们是否会接受。
M: Do they say what they would cover?男：他们有没有说这些钱用来做什么？Have they anything specific in mind?他们有没有一些特定的想法？W: No, I think they are just asking all the firms in town for as much money as they think they'llgive.女：没有，我认为他们只是想要镇上所有企业拿出其认为该企业能赞助的金额。
M: And we are worth 20,000 pounds, right?男：在他们看来，我们能拿出2万英镑，对吧？W: It seems so.女：看起来是这样的。
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析（第1套）
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) T aking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requir ed to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word ban k following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the c orresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a singleline throug h the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-sk ates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitud e: affect,cognition, and behavior. You love the activity; it's great fun. These f eelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they are an importan t ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude. You understand the health __30_ _ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes have a behavioral component Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three component s always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For exam ple, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, you have high c holesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may b e bad for your health. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which component happens to bestron ger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions an d feelingsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that instance, you have pizza for lunch. If y ou are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the knowled ge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healt hier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center forMedia and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. T oday's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care verymuch about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John T empleton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one perso n can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something." [K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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2016年6月英语六级真题听力原文(一)Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.M: (1)So, how long have you been a market research consultant?W: Well, I started straight after finishing university.M: Did you study market research?W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it’s more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you’re interested in.M: So what are you interested in?W: (2)Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. (3)Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple of ad hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.M: What exactly do you mean by ad hoc jobs?W: It’s basically when com panies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers’ habits. They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on an ad hoc project tends to be fairly short.M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad hoc?W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the same time to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety.M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client? W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once the interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and organize a presentation.M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job? W: (4)As I said, variety is important and as for what I don’t like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: H ello, I’m here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?M: Yeah, that’s right.W: (5)OK, and you have very strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain?M: Well, we don’t have private universities in Canada. They’r e all public.(6)All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it’s agovernment-operated institution, things don’t move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he’s a worker for the government. So I don’t think it’s very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public univer sities, such as the fees being free. You don’t have to pay for your education. But the system isn’t efficient, and it does not work that well. W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don’t act that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a private university. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they’re that much more motivated to help people. (7)Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it’s kind of a problem actually.M: (7)I agree with you. I think it’s a problem because you’re not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s not easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best.W: Right. It’s the exact opposite in the U nited States.M: (8)So, as you see, it’s very hard to say which one is better.W: Right, a good point.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.(9)A recent International Labour Organization report says the deterioration of real wages around the world calls into question the true extent of an economic recovery, especially if government rescue packages are phased out too early.(9)The report warns the picture on wages is likely to get worse this year, despite indications of an economic rebound. Patrick Belser, an International Labour Organization specialist, says declining wage rates are linked to the levels of unemployment.“The quite dramatic unemployment figures, which we now see in some of the countries, strongly suggest that (10)there will be greater pressure on wages in the future as more people will be unemployed, more people will be looking for jobs and the pressure on employers to raise wages to attract workers will decline. So, we expect that the second part of the year will not be very good in terms of wage growth.”The report finds more than a quarter of the countries experienced flat or falling monthly wages in real terms. They include, the United States, Austria, Costa Rica, South Africa and Germany.International Labour Organization economists say some nations have come up with polices to lessen the impact of lower wages during the economic crisis. (11)An example of these is work sharing withgovernment subsidies. Under this scheme, the number of individual working hours is reduced in an effort to avoid layoffs. For this scheme to work, the government must provide wage subsidies to compensate for lost pay due to the shorter hours.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Is there really a magic memory pill or a herbal recall remedy? (12)I have been frequently asked if these memory supplements work. You know, one of the first things I like to tell people when they ask me about these supplements is that a lot of them are promoted as a cure for your memory. But your memory doesn’t need a cure. What your memory needs is a good workout. So really those supplements aren’t going to give you that perfect memory in the way that they promise. (13)The other thing is that a lot of these supplements aren’t necessarily what they claim to be, and you really have to be wary when you take any of them. The science isn’t there behind most of them. They’re not really well-regulated unless they adhere to some industry standard. You don’t really know that what they say is in there is in there. (14)What you must understand is that those supplements, especially in some eastern cultures, are part of a medical practice tradition. People don’t just go in a local grocery store and buy these supplements. In fact, they are prescribed and they’re given at a certain level, a dosage that is understood by a practitioner who’s been trained. And that’s not really the way they’re used in this country. Theother thing people do forget is that these are medicines, so they do have an impact. (15)A lot of times people are not really aware of the impact they have, or the fact that taking them in combination with other medications might put you at an increased risk for something that you wouldn’t otherwise be countering or be at risk fo r.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive power of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.(16)U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. “Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they need not be disasters.”Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at theWorld Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires.He says extreme events will continue. (17)But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them. “Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it’s pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’t build where the hazards will destroy them. From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans.”The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.(18)It says tropical storms formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed.Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.As U.S. banks recovered with the help of the American government and the American taxpayer, President Obama held meetings with top bank executives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. (19)“The way I see it—our banks now have a greater obligation to the goal of a wider recovery,” he said. But the President may be giving the finan cial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse of the housing bubble exposed investments in risky loans.Although he says the worst is over, Baily says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 U.S. banks failed in 2009. (20)He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as Commercial Real Estate loans come due. “So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small- and medium-sized businesses in the next year or so.”Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But U.S. Bancorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently.“We’re probably more optimistic than the experts might be.(21)With that in mind, we’re putting in everything we can. Lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk.”While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Bailysays the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes twice. “You know, forecasting’s become a very hazardous business so I don’t want to commit myself too much. I don’t think we know exactly what’s going to happen but it’s certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.”(22)If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus—something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Still there are good reasons to make positive changes in how we live and what we eat as we age.(23)Cognitive decline is the loss of ability to learn new skills, or recall words, names, and faces that is most common as we age. To reduce or avoid it, researchers have examined the effect of smoking, diet, brain-challenging games, exercise and other strategies.Researchers at Duke University scrutinized more than 160 published studies and found an absence of strong evidence that any of these approaches can make a big difference.(24)Co-author James Burke helped design the study. “In the observational studies we found that some of the B vitamins were beneficial. Exercise,diet, cognitive stimulation showed some positive effects, although the evidence was not so strong that we could actually consider these firmly established.”Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help. And Burke says that actually does seem to help, based on randomized studies—the researcher’s gold standard.“Cognitive stimulation is one of the areas where we did find some benefit. The exact type of stimulation that an individual uses is not as important as being intellectually engaged.”The expert review also found insufficient evidence to recommend any drugs or dietary supplements that could prevent or slow cognitive decline. However, given that there is at least some evidence for positive effects from some of these lifestyle changes, plus other benefits apparently unrelated to cognitive decline, Burke was willing to offer some recommendations.(25)“I think that by having people adopt a healthy lifestyle, both from a medical standpoint as well as nutritional and cognitive stimulation standpoint, we can reduce the incidence of cognitive decline, which will be proof that these factors are, in fact, important.”James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline. The paper is published- online by the Annals of Internal Medicine.欢迎下载11。