虚拟语气及倒装

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语法：虚拟语气和倒装句

虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。

2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。

虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。

难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。

例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。

If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。

二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。

同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。

2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。

倒装句虚拟语气

一.全倒装（主语与谓语位置置换）1 作状语的否定副词或介词短语置于句首谓语动词不及物主语是名词（here, there ,away ,out ,down ,in the box , on the ground)2 表语或者进行时的分词部分置于句首buried in the sand was an ancient temple.Growing on the hillside are various flowers.Among the people was the young woman.二. 部分倒装（助动词系动词或情态动词置于主语前）1. 否定副词置于句首（never ,seldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly, nowhere, few,little,)2. 含有no的短语置于句首（in no way, on no condition, at no time, by no means, under no circumstances, no longer) 不包括 in no time3. Not until + 状语（包括从句）置于句首引起主句或主体倒装4. only+ 状语（包括从句）置于句首5. so /such....that 结构中 so/such 短语置于句首So cold was the weather that we had to stayat home6. So + 助/系/情+主语（neither/nor)表人云亦云7. not only.... (倒装）but also8. no sooner... than Hardly... when9. 非真是条件句省略if 从句倒装10. as/ though 非主流的部分倒装（与事实相反的假设表达对未来的美好愿望或者过去的遗憾体现说话人的态度和情绪情感是人类语言复杂含义的表达应用普遍有深意和难度和难度需要有语境和场合）一. 用时态体现的虚拟原则：对现在时间虚拟—-对过去时间虚拟—-对一般将来时间虚拟—-范围范例：1. wish +宾从2. would rather3. as if二 . 用情态动词体现的虚拟should1 . 1 坚持2 命令3 建议4 要求 +宾从（should +动词原形）2. 第一条里的动词的名词或形容词出现在句中相关的名词性从句也一样虚拟3. it is necessary/ important/ strange/ no wonder... that （should ）+do4. it is（about/ high）time （that） should do 或者 did其他情态动词对现在对过去should（not）could（not）mightwould（not）needn't三 . 非真是条件句的虚拟从句（用时态）主句（用情态动词）对现在对过去对将来主从句的时间不一致（）*隐形虚拟withoutbut forif onlyotherwise。

虚拟语气和倒装句讲解

一、主句和从句主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。

如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。

这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。

二：关于虚拟语气第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。

其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。

例：1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。

(事实上是不知道)2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。

(事实上不可能)3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。

(事实上不可能)4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。

(事实上并不懂)6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。

语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用

语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用语法虚拟语气与倒装句在英语中都是比较常见的语法现象，它们在句子结构和语法意义上都有一定的特点和用法。

本文将着重论述虚拟语气与倒装句的使用方法和相关注意事项。

一、虚拟语气的使用方法1. 条件句中的虚拟语气条件句中的虚拟语气通常用于表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况。

常见的条件句有三种类型：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，以及与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。

a) 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气：If I were you, I would apologize.（如果我是你，我会道歉。

）b) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学习得更努力，我就能通过考试。

）c) 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic.（如果明天下雨，我们会取消野餐。

）2. 虚拟语气在建议、要求和命令中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示建议、要求和命令等语气中，表示一种虚拟或非现实的情况。

常用的动词有recommend, suggest, insist等。

I suggest that he go to the doctor immediately.（我建议他立即去看医生。

）3. 虚拟语气在表达愿望和建议中的使用虚拟语气还可以用于表示愿望、希望和建议等语气中，通常使用“（should）+动词原形”来表达。

I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望有更多时间去旅行。

）二、倒装句的使用方法倒装句指的是将句子中的主语和谓语动词调换位置，主要有两种类型：完全倒装和部分倒装。

1. 完全倒装完全倒装是将整个谓语动词放在主语之前，通常在以下情况下使用：a) 表示地点、时间或方式的状语置于句首时：On the wall hung a beautiful painting.（墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。

虚拟语气和倒装

as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序 n(不带冠词)/adj/ adv/ v+ as + subject + be/情态动词
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the world. =Though he is a child, he knows a lot about
Without electricity, there would not be modern industry. 没有电，就没有现代工业。
（2）通过上下文，句中往往有 otherwise, or等词。如：
I was very busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have come to see you. 我昨天很忙，要不然我就来看你了。
the world.
单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词
Young as he is, he knows more than you.
Hardly …when, No sooner….than,（只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。）
neither… nor…（两个都倒）
not only…（只倒前面）
当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。
Little work was done yesterday
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.
倒装
倒装的目的：语法结构的需要：通常疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句。例如： There is a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。 Where are you going? 你上哪去？

倒装的作用及虚拟的用法

倒装的作用及虚拟的用法倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句式结构，其特点是谓语动词在主语之前出现，或者在句首倒装。

倒装句常用于强调句子中的一些成分，使语气更加强烈，也可以用于修辞或情感的表达。

倒装句的运用可以使句子更加生动，具有一定的修辞效果。

倒装句的作用如下：1.强调句子中的一些成分：通过将谓语动词放在主语之前，可以突出句子中的其中一成分，使其更加突出。

例如：- "On the chair were my keys."（我的钥匙在椅子上。

）- "Not a word did he say."（他一句话也没说。

）2.改变语气及情感的表达：倒装句能够使句子语气更强烈、更有力，表达出说话人的情感、态度或命令。

例如：- "Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset."（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。

）- "Only after he left did I realize how much I loved him."（他离开后，我才意识到我有多爱他。

）3.减少重复：倒装句可以减少句子中重复的部分，使句子更简洁、更流畅。

例如：- "In the garden stood a tall oak tree and a small maple tree."（花园里站着一棵高高的橡树和一棵小小的枫树。

）虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法形式，用来表达假设、愿望、建议、要求等不真实的情况。

虚拟语气的用法如下：1.表达假设：虚拟语气经常用于表达与事实相反的假设情况。

例如：- "If I were you, I would apologize."（如果我是你，我会道歉。

）（事实上，我并不是你。

）- "I wish I had studied harder for the exam."（我希望我当初考试时学得更努力。

虚拟语气、倒装

英语虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟条件句。

名词性虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理1、条件从句与现在事实不一致如：If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：虚拟将来有偏方，were to/ should 来帮忙If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意：If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。

在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Were/ had/should到句首，条件句中if走Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持insist两命令order, command，三个建议suggest, advise, propose四要求demand, require, ask, desire；句型：（should）＋动词原形，注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。

虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格

虚拟语气、倒装句、独立主格一.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。

虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

虚拟语气主要分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反以及与将来事实相反三个种类。

让我们一一来看下它们的结构和用法吧!1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do：If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。

(事实：我不可能是你)If I knew his telephone number，I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

(事实：不知道)If there were no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。

(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。

(事实：没有带钱)If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。

(事实：没有努力)If I were you，I'd wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。

(事实：我并不是你)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

虚拟语气与倒装句型

虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。

例如：Long live the People ⨯s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed! 成功！make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1．在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法1）表示与现在事实相反如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。

2）与过去事实相反例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn ⨯t/wouldn ⨯t have missed the bus.如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

3）与将来事实可能相反例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。

（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。

）If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

4） i f 的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were,had 或should置于句首,来表达以if 引导的条件句的相同意思。

例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen May you 祝你you yesterday,he would have returned your book.5)条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。

英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用

英语语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊句式，用来表达非事实、假设、愿望等情况。

虚拟语气通常与条件句或从句连用，可以用于表达建议、命令、愿望、假设等多种情况。

与虚拟语气相关的一个用法是倒装句，它在语法结构上具有一些特殊的规则。

本文将介绍英语语法中虚拟语气和倒装句的使用。

一、虚拟语气1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句表示与事实相反的假设或条件。

常见的虚拟条件句包括与现在事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与过去事实相反的假设（用过去完成时表示）、与将来事实相反的假设（用一般过去时表示）等。

例如：- If I were you, I would invite him to the party.（与现在事实相反的假设）- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（与过去事实相反的假设）- If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.（与将来事实相反的假设）2. 虚拟命令、建议和要求虚拟命令、建议和要求用于表达愿望、建议或要求。

常用动词有advise, ask, demand, insist, propose, recommend, request等。

例如：- I recommend that he study more.（我建议他多学习。

）- The teacher insisted that the students finish their homework.（老师坚持要求学生完成作业。

）3. 虚拟愿望虚拟愿望用于表达对于现在情况的不满或对于将来情况的期望。

通常使用“希望”（wish）来引导宾语从句。

例如：- I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。

）- I wish it would stop raining.（我希望停止下雨。

）二、倒装句倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句子结构，它的主语和谓语动词的位置颠倒。

虚拟语气+倒装

虚拟语气一．条件句虚拟if 条件句1.与现在相反从句主句did/were 3d/m+v (should could would+might)2.与过去相反had done 3d/m+have done3.与将来相反were to /should do/did 3d/m+v二．省略if 提前should/were/had三．交叉虚拟从句过去相反主句现在相反if you had followed my advice, you should be all right now 四.隐含条件虚拟without ,but for, or , otherwise, without / but for your help ,I would not have won the first place五.从句中的虚拟表达人主观意愿的词+(should)+v 建议：advice suppose propose recommend要求：require request demand命令：order安排：arrangeI suggest he (should )get up earlymy suggestion is that...should +doIt is suggested...should +do六.其他虚拟wish / if only / would rather 用过去时表示与现在或将来相反用过去完成时表示与过去相反I would rather that he did not say anythingIt is about / high time that you went to school If only I had followed your advice倒装全倒谓语+ 主语1.表示地点的短语放在句首across the street, stands a tall building among the gates , stands Mary2.表示地点时间方位的副词在句首in out here there awayhere comes the car半倒半倒条件+助动词+主语+ 动词半倒条件+ be + 主语+ 其他1.only +状语放在句首only by taking effective steps, can we solve the issue only then did i realize the importance of English2.表示否定意义的副词放在句首no , not only ,not until ,by no means ,hardly , seldom,littleLittle do we know about himNever have I been to the Great WallNot until he came back did i know about itNo sooner had he got home than he began to prepare supperNeither have i gone abroad ,nor will i have a chance in future3 so，neither, nor +助动词+主语表示也........... so do I neither do i。

虚拟语气倒装从句

Part One 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)表示与事实相反的假设或将来不太可能实现的愿望。

使用场合:1.1)与过去事实相反:would / should / could / might + have done if…had doneI would have passed the English exam if you had helped me.2) 与现在事实相反:would / should / could / might + v if…v-ed (但be的过去式通常用were)What would you do if you were me?3) 与将来事实相反:would / should / could / might + v if…were to + v 或should + vWe would hold a party if you were to arrive tomorrow.*主句中的should通常用于第一人称，从句中的should各人称通用。

*在if引导的虚拟条件从句中可以把if省略，并将had, should或were提到句首。

如：a. I would have passed the English exam if you had helped me. =I would have passed the English exam had you helped me.b. What would you do if you were me? =What would you do were you me?c. We would hold a party if you were to arrive tomorrow. =We would hold a party were you to arrive tomorrow.*如果从句和主句中的时间不一致，则要分别使用相对应的动词形式。

虚拟语气及倒装

虚拟语⽓及倒装虚拟语⽓⼀、基础巩固虚拟语⽓基本形式1.I wish / as if / If only 对过去的虚拟对现在的虚拟对将来的虚拟2.would rather对过去的虚拟对现在的虚拟3.从句主句对过去的虚拟If对现在的虚拟If对将来的虚拟If4. It's high time that5. ⽤于should类型虚拟语⽓的动词：建议_____________________命令_____________________要求_____________________坚持_____________________6．有时虚拟语⽓是通过上下⽂的语义表⽰出来的：He would have given you more help, but he was very busy.(If he had not been so busy…)He was seriously ill, otherwise he would have come to our meeting. (otherwise = If he had not been seriously ill)⼆、单项选择1. We demanded that we _______ of any change in the plan.A. informedB. would be informedC. be informedD. had been informed2. It’s necessary that he _______ a recognized qualification.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. having3. It's high time we ______ our attention to this problem.A. turnedB. turnC. had turnedD. would turn4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.A. didn't toldB. hadn't toldC. would not tellD. would have not told5. He must have had an accident, or he_______ here then.A. would have beenB. had beenC. should have beenD. could be6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_______ before.A. had inventedB. were inventedC. should have been inventedD. had been invented7. _______ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.A. Were they toB. Could theyC. If theyD. Would they8. Five minutes earlier, and we ________ the last bus.A. had caughtB. should have caughtC. could have caughtD. caught9. You _______ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.A. shouldn't have washedB. mustn't have washedC. can not have washedD. needn't have washed10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A. has to getB. were to getC. had gotD. could have got11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself.A. injureB. had injuredC. injuredD. would injure12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.A. were not playedB. not to playC. not be playedD. did not play13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ______ on business first.A. would goB. will goC. wentD. have gone14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.A. be collectedB. must be collectedC. was collectedD. can be collected15. If only the committee _______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approveB. will approveC. can approveD. would approve16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assigned17. You _______ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.A. needn't have seenB. must have seenC. might have seenD. can't have seen18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _______ him.A. would have telephonedB. must have telephonedC. would telephoneD. had telephoned19. It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made.A. is not startedB. will not be startedC. not be startedD. is not to be started20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have sleptB. sleptC. might have sleptD. have slept21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.A. ought have invitedB. would have invitedC. should inviteD. may have invited22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.A. needn't goB. should not goC. had better not goD. needn't have gone23. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?---- Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework..A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be24. It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadlineA. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent25. It is important that we ________.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave26. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday. (2006全国)A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD. happened27. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to. (2005江苏)A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; whatD. should not send; what28. If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)A. wouldB. couldC. had toD. ought to29. If he ___ in a day or two, I would wait for him.A. returnsB. should have returnedC. were to returnD. had returned30. You didn’t let me drive. If we __ in turn, you ___ so tired.A. drove, didn’t getB. drove, wouldn’t getC. were driving, wouldn’t getD. had driven, wouldn’t have got31. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___, she would have met my brother.A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come32. _____ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he ________till last year.A. If it is not, can’t liveB. Were it not, couldn’t liveC. Had it not been, couldn’t have livedD. If they were not, couldn’t live33. What would have happened, ___, as far as the riverbank?A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked farther34. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will35 It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the MelindaCox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall倒装语法专练⼀.知识储备：英语句⼦的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这种语序叫做正常语序或⾃然语序。

虚拟语气和倒装

If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break.
Attention: 1. if的省略如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were, had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 Should it rain/Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. Had he seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 2. 条件句或主句的省略当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 -Why didn’t you attend the party yesterday? -I would/should have, but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn’t like this job. You could have done it better.(后面省略了if you had liked it.）
例如： If I were you, I should accept the invitation. If I had time, I would go there.
If you had come earlier, you couldn’t/wouldn’t have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book.

语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句综合

语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。

虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。

虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1. 动词过去式2. had done3. would/could/should/might do4. would/could/should/might have done5. were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。

句型结构：If +主语+had been/done….，主语+should/could/might/would + have done….1. If the illness had been diagnosed a day earlier, it might have made all different.2. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.3. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped him.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were / 动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would +do1. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug.3. 虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If +主语+were to do, 主语+should/could/might/would +doIf +主语+should doIf +主语+动词过去式（1）If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.（2）If the little girl should take piano lessons, she would have less free time.（3）If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would choose to be a doctor, helping these AIDS patients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。

虚拟语气和倒装

在英语中，倒装分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是指整个谓语都提前；部分倒装是指谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）提前。
倒装的分类
完全倒装
例如，“Here comes the bus.”（公交车来了。）这句话中，谓语“comes”完全提前到了句首。
部分倒装
例如，“Only in this way can we solve the problem.”（只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。）这句话中，情态动词“can” 提前到了主语“we”之前，但谓语“solve”没有提前。
分放在句子的哪个位置？
04
答案：句首。
翻译题
翻译题1
请将以下中文句子翻译成英文，注意使用虚拟语气。
答案
If I were you, I would choose a different profession.
句子
Were you to ask him, he would help you.
句子
如果我是你，我会选择不同的职业。
倒装的用法
要点一
强调
使用倒装可以强调某个信息，例如， “Out dashed the cat.”（那只猫冲了出来。）这句话中，通过将 “dashed”提前到句首，强调了猫冲出的动作。
要点二
平衡句子结构
在句子中，有时为了平衡句子的结构，会使用倒装。例如，“The book is not only cheap but also of good quality.”（这本书不仅便宜，而且质量很好。）这句话中，为了平衡“not only”和“but also”，使用了部分倒装。
虚拟语气的分类
01
02
03
条件虚拟

英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结

虚拟语气英语中的各种语气：1、陈述语气：I like apples我喜欢苹果;I don't like apples2、疑问语气：What's your nameDo you like apples3、祈使语气：Open the door4、虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你,我将会原谅她;1、与现在的事实相反：从句用过去式,主句用would/could/might/should/+V原形例如；If I had time, the classroom would be cleaner.如果我有时间,教室将会更加干净;2、与过去的事实相反：主句用would/could/should/might/+ have done , 从句过去完成时;例如；If I had finished my homework, I would have passed that test.如果当时我完成了我的作业,我就能够通过我的考试了;3、与将来的事实相反：主句用：should/could/would/might/+V原形,从句用should do可能性最大,过去式可能性一般were to do可能性最小If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it snowed tomorrow,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman如果明天下雪,我将对个雪人虚拟语气的倒装形式If I had worked hard, I would have finished it如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了; Had I worked hard, I would have finished itIf it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanShould it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanIf it were to snow tomorrow, I would make a snowmanWere it to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法1、I lifted the chair so that I could be seen我举起椅子就是为了能被看见状语从句状语从句中常见连接词：as if好像,as though好像,in order that为了,for fear that生怕,In case万一;2、主语从句：It is +形容词+that+ 主语+should+动词原形,should可以省略It is very important that we should study English every day我们每天学习英语是很重要的;3、宾语从句；I wish I would visit the moon我祝愿自己能有一天拜访月球;宾语从句常见句型：主语+常见动词+that+ 主语+ should+动词原形I suggest that you should do your homework我建议你应该做你的作业;4、表语从句；He looked as if he had been here for many years他看起来好像已经很多年了;5、同位语从句：I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week我提议下周召开一次会议虚拟语气常见词汇：demand,require,proposal,advise,order,suggest虚拟语气的其他用法：6、祝愿：Long live peace和平万岁7、It is hightime that+ 主语+ should/过去式：该做……的时候了;It's time that we had a break我们早该休息了;It's hightime that we should protect ourselves我们是时候保护我们自己了;8、If only引出感叹句,意思是“要是…..多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望;表示现在的情况,应用过去式;表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态表示将来的情况,用would+动词原形If only he didn’t drive so fast.现在Look at the terrible situation I am in If only I had followed your advice.过去If only the rain would stop将来9、Even if/even though表示一种让步语气,即使...也做不成某事;表示现在的情况,应用过去式表示过去的情况,应用过去完成时态Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then,I would have helped you.练习：1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told9. ---Would you have called her up---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in倒装句为了强调或平衡句子结构,英语中常用倒装;倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装;全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前;部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前;如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did等,并将其置于主语之前;1.以here,there,now,then等地点或时间副词开头的句子,谓语动词是be, come, go, remain 等,而主语又是名词时,用全部倒装;注意：如果句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装;如：Here comes the bus/ Here it comes2.有些动词与副词out,in,up,down,away等构成不及物动词短语;为了使句子更生动,常将这些副词提前到句首,这时用全部倒装;注意：句子的主语是代词时,则不倒装;如：Up went the rocket. / Up it went.3.将表示地点的介词短语放在句首进行强调时,使用全部倒装;谓语动词常为不及物动词;如：From the window came the sound of music.4.当句子主语部分较长,谓语部分较短,或为了强调句子的表语时,常使用全部倒装;句子的结构为“表语+系动词+主语”;如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.5.if虚拟条件状语从句中,如果将连词if省略,需用部分倒装;如：Were I you, I would go there.6. as引导的让步状语从句的倒装有如下几种形式：1 从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将此副词提前到从句句首;如：Hard as you try, you will not be satisfied.2 从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”时,常将此动词提前到从句句首;如：Wait as you may, he will not see you.3 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+形容词”时,常将此表语形容词提前到从句句首;如：Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me.4 从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”时,则常将这个表语提前,但要省略名词前的不定冠词;如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong.7.具有半否定意义的词或短语位于句首时,用部分倒装;如：seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly...when, no sooner...than, not only...but also等;如：Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons. Hardly did I notice the signal when I caught by police.8.“only+状语”位于句首时, 用部分倒装;如：Only then did I know the importance of English.9.so...that结构中,有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提前放在句首;如：So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day.10. 最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:1only +状语或状语从句置于句首,被该状语修饰的句子用部分倒装;Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题;Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误;2 hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only …but also,not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装;Hardly do I know chemistry.= I hardly know chemistry.1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realized2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. you willD. will you3. If you don't go, neither ____.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when5. ——Your father is very strict with you.____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.A. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seenB. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see8. ——Here ____ Where is Xiao LiuThere ____.A. comes the bus, is heB. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is9. ____ , I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like itD. As I like it much10. ——I like football. I don't like volleyball.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it is with meD. So is it with me。

词汇与语法第5讲(虚拟语气-倒装句)

深入理解
建议学习者深入理解虚拟语气倒装句的规则和用法，掌握其基本结构和变化规律。
多加练习
通过大量的练习和实践，逐渐熟悉和掌握虚拟语气倒装句的使用，提高运用语言的准确性。
关注语境
注意在不同的语境下选择合适的虚拟语气倒装句，以更好地表达意思和情感。
持续学习
随着语言的发展，虚拟语气倒装句的用法和规则也在不断变化。建议学习者保持持续学习的态度，关注语言的新变化和发展趋势。
第二类虚拟语气倒装句
用于表达与现在事实相反的情况。例如：If I were you, I would go to the party.
虚拟语气倒装句的用法
用于表达假设、想象或虚构的情况，强调与实际情况的对比。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
在文学、诗歌、戏剧等艺术作品中，虚拟语气倒装句常常被用来
增强语言的表现力和感染力。
在科学、法律、政治等正式文体中，虚拟语气倒装句也常被用来表达假设或推测的情况，增强语
在虚拟语气倒装句中，通常使用助动词did、were等代替正常语序中的谓语动词。
虚拟语气倒装句的分类
第一类虚拟语气倒装句
第三类虚拟语气倒装句
用于表达与过去事实相反的情况。例如：If I had known the answer, I would have told you.
用于表达与将来事实相反的情况。例如：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
言的严谨性和说服力。
03
虚拟语气倒装句的构成
虚拟语气倒装句的构成方式
主语倒装
将主语放在谓语动词之前，表示强调或突出主语。
谓语倒装
将谓语放在主语之后，表示强调或突出谓语。

虚拟语气及倒装

语法：虚拟语气和倒装句

倒装句 虚拟语气

虚拟语气和倒装句讲解

语法虚拟语气与倒装句使用

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